Relevant bibliographies by topics / Binary and ternary mixtures

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Academic literature on the topic 'Binary and ternary mixtures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 11 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

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Moghimi, Saeid. "Effect of Binary and Ternary Binders on Flow and Strength of Cement Mortar." Journal of Cement Based Composites 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebacom.2022.5626.

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This paper reports the results of laboratory work on the flow and strength of cement mortars containing binary and ternary blends of portland cement, silica fume (SF), Class C fly ash (CFA) and Class F fly ash (FFA). The cement was partially replaced with 20 and 40 wt.% of fly ash (FA) and 5 wt.% of SF as binary mixtures. Besides, the ternary mixtures contained 15%FA+5%SF and 35%FA+5%SF in place of 20% and 40% cement respectively. Both fly ashes were used in the ternary mixtures, thus, 4 mixtures containing ternary binders were prepared. Two sets of mortar mixtures having either same flow or same water/binder (W/B) ratio as those of the control mixture (containing no mineral admixture) were investigated. In total, 15 mortar mixtures were taken into constitution in the present study. The flow of mixtures was measured immediately after casting. In addition, the 7-and 28-day flexural and compressive strength of the mortar mixtures were determined. The use of SF in binary mixtures with constant W/B ratio provided the highest compressive strength (68 MPa). In ternary mixtures the use of 20%FA+5%SF mixture with constant W/B ratio showed the highest 28-day compressive strength (65 MPa). Among the mixtures with constant W/B ratio, ternary mixtures showed the lowest flow values. Besides, in the mixtures with constant flow, once again, the ternary mixtures had the highest W/B ratio. Both in binary and ternary specimens, the mixtures prepared with FFA had a higher flow than that of the CFA mixtures.
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LECOCQ, NOÉ, and NICOLAS VANDEWALLE. "STRIPE PATTERNS IN SELF-STRATIFICATION EXPERIMENTS." Fractals 11, supp01 (2003): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x03001926.

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We report pattern formation of complex stripes with binary and ternary granular mixtures. Ternary mixtures lead to a particular ordering of the strates which was not accounted for in former explanations. Bouncing grains are found to have an important effect on strate formation. A complementary mechanism for self-stratification of binary and ternary granular mixtures is proposed. This mechanism leads to a simple model. Eventually we report the observation of self-stratification for a binary mixture of grains of the same size but with different shapes.
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Huo, Xiang Chen, Shu Shen Liu, and Meng Chao Wang. "Mixture Toxicity of Copper and Selected Organophosphorus Pesticides to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.785.

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Heavy metals and pesticides released to the environment render the waters suffering from combined pollution. This study investigated the toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of copper (Cu) and two organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos (DIC) and dimethoate (DIM)) to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. For each of three binary mixture groups (Cu-DIC, Cu-DIM, and DIC-DIM), five mixture rays were constructed by using the direct equipartition ray design (EquRay). For the ternary mixture group of Cu-DIC-DIM, five ternary mixture rays were constructed by using the uniform design ray (UD-Ray). The mixture toxicity was determined by the microplate toxicity analysis and assessed by the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). It is shown that the observed toxicities of all binary mixtures were almost estimated by CA or IA while those of the ternary mixtures were significantly lower than CA or IA estimations.
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Knezevic-Stevanovic, Andjela, Goran Babic, Mirjana Kijevcanin, Slobodan Serbanovic, and Dusan Grozdanic. "Correlation of the liquid mixture viscosities." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 8 (2012): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc120127038k.

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In this paper forty two selected correlation models for liquid mixture viscosities of organic compounds were tested on 219 binary and 41 ternary sets of experimental data taken from literature. The binary sets contained 3675 experimental data points for 70 different compounds. The ternary sets contained 2879 experimental data points for 29 different compounds. The Heric I, Heric-Brewer II, and Krishnan-Laddha models demonstrated the best correlative characteristics for binary mixtures (overall absolute average deviation < 2%). The Heric I, Heric-Brewer II, Krishnan-Laddha and Heric II models demonstrated the best correlative characteristics for ternary mixtures (overall absolute average deviation < 3%).
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MAALEM, Youcef, Saida FEDALI, and Hakim MADANI. "Modeling of thermodynamic properties of binary and ternary mixtures. Determination of phase diagrams." Recueil de mécanique 4, no. 1 (2019): 326–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446795.

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The prediction and the determination of the azeotropic point of the binary or ternary refrigerants are very important in refrigerating industry. In this task, a simple method is presented in order to predict and determine the azeotropic point. Our method employs experimental data and a thermodynamic model. trifluoroiodomethane (R13I1) in the mixture presents the possibility of inventing the azeotropic properties. The mixtures studied in this work are:  binary mixtures R600a + R1234ze, R600a + R13I1, R1234ze + R13I1 and the ternary mixture R600a + R1234ze + R13I1. The model consists of the Peng–Robinson equation of state (EoS), the Mathias–Copeman alpha function and the Wong-Sandler mixing rules involving the NRTL model. The results proved that there are a good agreement between the predicted values and the experimental data. The presented methods are able to predict the azeotropic positions in binary or ternary mixture.
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Jarrar, Rabab, and Reyad Sawafta. "Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Eicosane with Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids as Phase Change Material for Building Applications." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 6, no. 2 (2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v6i2.63.

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Stable phase change materials (PCMS ) of binary and ternary mixtures of organic compounds were prepared in this work to be installed in buildings for purposes of heat energy storage. Binary mixtures of PCMS as salt hydrates, paraffins were heavily investigated but most of the mixing was within the same group very few articles deal with mixing PCMS from different organic groups or mixing more than two materials. A preparation and a differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) investigation of binary and ternary mixtures of eicosane with fatty alcohols and fatty acids were performed. The eutectic mixtures of the binary systems were determined to be( 70% eicosane – 30% cetyl alcohol ) , (50% eicosane – 50% lauric acid) and (25% eicosane – 75% capric acid ) with melting temperature and latent heat of ( 33.77 ºC , 237.6 J/g ) , ( 30.63 ºC , 207.7 J/g ) and ( 24.96 ºC , 200.3 J/g ) respectively . The last one is very suitable for building applications. An eutectic mixture of eicosane with myristyl alcohol from previous work was considered as a new material and used to prepare two ternary mixtures( for the first time in literature) with both Cetyl Alcohol and Capric acid . An exciting results of temperatures were obtained : 26.86 ºC for the first ternary mixture and 16.23 ºC for the second one with moderate latent heats of 133.5 J/g and 157.7 J/g. The first one is very suitable for building applications and the second one is suitable for low thermal applications .These results will open the door to try ternary mixtures of common phase change materials to obtain various melting temperatures to suit different applications
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Jarrar, Rabab, and Reyad Sawafta. "Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Eicosane with Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids as Phase Change Material for Building Applications." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 6, no. 2 (2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v6i2.63.

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Stable phase change materials (PCMS ) of binary and ternary mixtures of organic compounds were prepared in this work to be installed in buildings for purposes of heat energy storage. Binary mixtures of PCMS as salt hydrates, paraffins were heavily investigated but most of the mixing was within the same group very few articles deal with mixing PCMS from different organic groups or mixing more than two materials. A preparation and a differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) investigation of binary and ternary mixtures of eicosane with fatty alcohols and fatty acids were performed. The eutectic mixtures of the binary systems were determined to be( 70% eicosane – 30% cetyl alcohol ) , (50% eicosane – 50% lauric acid) and (25% eicosane – 75% capric acid ) with melting temperature and latent heat of ( 33.77 ºC , 237.6 J/g ) , ( 30.63 ºC , 207.7 J/g ) and ( 24.96 ºC , 200.3 J/g ) respectively . The last one is very suitable for building applications. An eutectic mixture of eicosane with myristyl alcohol from previous work was considered as a new material and used to prepare two ternary mixtures( for the first time in literature) with both Cetyl Alcohol and Capric acid . An exciting results of temperatures were obtained : 26.86 ºC for the first ternary mixture and 16.23 ºC for the second one with moderate latent heats of 133.5 J/g and 157.7 J/g. The first one is very suitable for building applications and the second one is suitable for low thermal applications .These results will open the door to try ternary mixtures of common phase change materials to obtain various melting temperatures to suit different applications
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Madhumitha, J., N. Santhi, G. Alamelumangai, and M. Emayavaramban. "Theoretical Evaluation of Internal Pressure in Ternary and Sub-Binary Liquid Mixtures at Various Temperatures." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (September 2013): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.4.82.

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The Internal pressures of Ternary and their Sub-Binary liquid mixtures of benzene(1) + hexane(2) + sec-butyl alcohol(3) were calculated using density, velocity and molar refraction from the temperature range of 303.15K-318.15K. For the Binary liquid mixtures, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by Andiappan et.al. For the Ternary liquid mixture, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by us. The Experimental values and the Theoretical values are in close agreement with each other
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Madhumitha, J., N. Santhi, G. Alamelumangai, and M. Emayavaramban. "Theoretical Evaluation of Internal Pressure in Ternary and Sub-Binary Liquid Mixtures at Various Temperatures." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (November 19, 2012): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-8t4037.

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The Internal pressures of Ternary and their Sub-Binary liquid mixtures of benzene(1) + hexane(2) + sec-butyl alcohol(3) were calculated using density, velocity and molar refraction from the temperature range of 303.15K-318.15K. For the Binary liquid mixtures, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by Andiappan et.al. For the Ternary liquid mixture, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by us. The Experimental values and the Theoretical values are in close agreement with each other
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Brady, TJ, S. Weiguo, and AG Williamson. "Enthalpies of Mixing of Multicomponent Alkane Mixtures." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 11 (1988): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9881763.

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Enthalpies of mixing are reported for ternary n-alkane mixtures prepared from binary mixtures with large chain-length differences and at temperatures where the enthalpies of mixing of simple binary mixtures show changes of sign. In neither case does the behaviour of the ternary mixtures deviate significantly from that of the congruent binaries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

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Wang, Laurie Luo. "Excess enthalpies of binary and ternary mixtures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9457.

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The research work involved in this study can be described in two aspects: the experimental determination of excess enthalpies, H$\rm\sp{E},$ for some binary and ternary liquid mixtures; and a theoretical study of various approaches for the representation of experimental H$\rm\sp{E}$ data. To determine the excess enthalpies of desired systems, a series of calorimetric experiments have been carried out for 15 binary and six ternary mixtures with an LKB flow microcalorimeter. A new model, based on statistical thermodynamic principles, has been developed for representing and predicting the excess enthalpy of a ternary mixture from correlation of the H$\rm\sp{E}$ values of its constituent binaries. The analyses of experimental results were carried out with several solution models, such as the Flory theory model, an association model, the DISQUAC model, the NRTL model, the UNIQUAC model, and the model developed in this study. The applicability of the proposed model for predicting ternary H$\rm\sp{E}$ values was further investigated. In addition to the six ternary systems experimentally studied in this work, six more ternary systems were selected from the literature. For comparison, the same calculations were also carried out with the 3-parameter NRTL and 2-parameter UNIQUAC models.
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Zhang, Dingan. "Solid-supercritical fluid phase equilibria of binary and ternary mixtures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5611.

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Experimental investigation of phase equilibria at supercritical fluid conditions was carried out for four binary mixtures and two ternary mixtures consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide and aromatic compounds (naphthalene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl and phenanthrene). A new technique, the first freezing point method, was developed in this study to determine the pressure-temperature (P-T) projection of the solid-liquid-gas (S-L-G) three-phase coexistence curves for binary and ternary mixtures at supercritical fluid conditions. In addition, the equilibrium liquid compositions along the three-phase coexistence curves were also determined. A temperature minimum in the P-T projection of the three-phase coexistence curve was observed for each of the binary mixtures. The liquid-gas (L = G) critical loci of two binary mixtures consisting of super-critical carbon dioxide and a solid (naphthalene or biphenyl) were determined. The bubble-point pressures along three isotherms as well as the solubilities of carbon dioxide in liquid naphthalene and biphenyl were also measured. By means of the intersection method, the upper critical end points (UCEP) were established to be 333.4 K, 25.9 MPa and 0.16 mole fraction of naphthalene for naphthalene-carbon dioxide mixture and 328.5 K, 48.5 MPa and 0.18 mole fraction of biphenyl for biphenyl-carbon dioxide mixture. A "crossover region" was found in the study of isothermal solubilities of super-critical CO$\sb2$ in liquid biphenyl at a pressure of about 36 MPa. Below the crossover region pressure, an increase in temperature caused a decrease in solubility of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, while above the crossover region pressure the opposite effect occurs. A rational explanation was given. The P-T projection of the solid 1-solid 2-liquid gas (S$\sb1$-S$\sb2$-L-G) four-phase coexistence curve of two ternary mixtures--naphthalene-biphenyl-carbon dioxide and naphthalene-phenanthrene-carbon dioxide--were determined. The results indicate that the assumption of an unchanged eutectic composition of the solids with pressure may lead to a not negligible error in the measurements. The freezing point depression of the solid under the pressure of a supercritical solvent and the solubility behaviour in the vicinity of the lower critical end point (LCEP) and the UCEP were explored and discussed. The slopes of the depression curves at the triple points of the solids were predicted. Two different approaches, based respectively on the compressed gas model (equation of state) and the expanded liquid model (activity coefficient model), were developed to describe the S-L-G three-phase equilibria and the solubilities of supercritical carbon dioxide in the melted solids. Using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the modified correction factors, $\alpha$, together with the composition-dependent mixing rules, the correlations of the experimental results were accomplished with satisfactory accuracy. The merits of these two approaches in the representation of the S-L-G three-phase equilibria were compared.
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Miller, Melanie Marie. "Multiphase equilibria behavior of carbon dioxide and ethane + hydrocarbon binary and ternary mixtures /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8825490.

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Khalil, Enam A. S. A. "A thermodynamic study of binary and ternary mixtures of some alkanes and alkanols." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328889.

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Lam, Daniel H. "Multiphase equilibrium behavior of ethane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide + n-alkanol binary and ternary mixtures /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9034205.

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Clements, Patricia J. "Critical point behaviour in binary and ternary liquid mixtures with particular reference to rheological and interfacial properties in model mixtures for microemulsions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10187/.

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The phase behaviour, rheological effects and interfacial properties of binary and ternary liquid mixtures have been studied near critical points. In particular, measurements have been made of the viscosity-at the bulk macroscopic level by capillary viscometry and at the microscopic level by fluorescence depolarisatiorr-and of critical-point wetting and adsorptiorr-at the solid-liquid interface using evanescent-wave-generated fluorescence spectroscopy and at the liquid-vapour interface using specular neutron reflection. The systems investigated have been mostly alkane + perfluoroalkane mixtures or 2-butoxyethanol + H20 or D20 mixtures, although in some cases hexamethyldisiloxane, propanenitrile and perfluorooctyloctane have also been the components of mixtures. The main outcomes of this study are: • Macroscopic viscosity: The divergence to infinity in the shear viscosity of hexane + perfluorohexane at the critical endpoint for approach along the path of constant critical composition both from the single phase and along both limbs of the coexistence curve is described well using the Renormalisation Group Theory critical exponent y = 0.04. The correlation length amplitude obtained by fitting the sheargradient dependence of the viscosity is ~o = (S.S±l.S) A. • Microscopic viscosity: The product of the rotational correlation time and the temperature 'tR"T, often taken as a measure of the microscopic viscosity, exhibits an anomaly as the critical point is approached as a function of temperature. This anomaly mirrors that in the macroscopic viscosity for some fluorescent dye probes, but for others the anomaly is in the opposite sense indicating that other effects such as solvent structure must playa part in the near-critical behaviour of'tR·T. • Critical-point wetting at the solid-liquid interface: The wetting transition temperature has been identified for heptane + perfluorohexane at the quartz-liquid interface from fluorescence lifetime measurements of a probe. The wetting layer is of the same composition as the bulk heptane-rich phase and the transition is tentatively identified as first-order. • Adsorption and wetting at the liquid-vapour interface: The surface structure of several mixtures has been determined by neutron reflection. The results are in general agreement with the expectations of critical-point wetting and adsorption. The surface is complex and in some mixtures an oscillatory scattering length density profile through the interface is required to model the reflectivity data. • Ternary mixtures: The phase behaviour of three mixtures exhibiting tunnel phase behaviour has been studied experimentally and various characteristics of the shape of the twmel identified. A theoretical study on one of the mixtures predicts the drop in temperature for the locus of maximum phase separation temperatures which is observed experimentally.
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Ponnuchamy, Veerapandian. "Towards A Better Understanding of Lithium Ion Local Environment in Pure, Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Carbonate Solvents : A Numerical Approach." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY004/document.

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En raison de l'augmentation de la demande d'énergie, ressources écologiques respectueux de l'environnement et durables (solaires, éoliennes) doivent être développées afin de remplacer les combustibles fossiles. Ces sources d'énergie sont discontinues, étant corrélés avec les conditions météorologiques et leur disponibilité est fluctuant dans le temps. En conséquence, les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie à grande échelle sont devenus incontournables, pour stocker l'énergie sur des échelles de temps longues avec une bonne compatibilité environnementale. La conversion d'énergie électrochimique est le mécanisme clé pour les développements technologiques des sources d'énergie alternatives. Parmi ces systèmes, les batteries Lithium-ion (LIB) ont démontré être les plus robustes et efficaces et sont devenus la technologie courante pour les systèmes de stockage d'énergie de haute performance. Ils sont largement utilisés comme sources d'énergie primaire pour des applications populaires (ordinateurs portables, téléphones cellulaires, et autres). La LIB typique est constitué de deux électrodes, séparés par un électrolyte. Celui-ci joue un rôle très important dans le transfert des ions entre les électrodes fournissant la courante électrique. Ce travail de thèse porte sur les matériaux complexes utilisés comme électrolytes dans les LIB, qui ont un impact sur les propriétés de transport du ion Li et les performances électrochimiques. Habituellement l'électrolyte est constitué de sels de Li et de mélanges de solvants organiques, tels que les carbonates cycliques ou linéaires. Il est donc indispensable de clarifier les propriétés structurelles les plus importantes, et leurs implications sur le transport des ions Li+ dans des solvants purs et mixtes. Nous avons effectué une étude théorique basée sur la théorie du fonctionnelle densité (DFT) et la dynamique moléculaire (MD), et nous avons consideré des carbonates cyclique (carbonate d'éthylène, EC, et carbonate de propylène, PC) et le carbonate de diméthyle, DMC, linéaire. Les calculs DFT ont fourni une image détaillée des structures optimisées de molécules de carbonate et le ion Li+, y compris les groupes pures Li+(S)n (S =EC,PC,DMC et n=1-5), groupes mixtes binaires, Li+(S1)m(S2)n (S1,S2=EC,PC,DMC, m+n=4), et ternaires Li+(EC)l(DMC)m(PC)n (l+m+n=4). L'effet de l'anion PF6 a également été étudié. Nous avons aussi étudié la structure de la couche de coordination autour du Li+, dans tous les cas. Nos résultats montrent que les complexes Li+(EC)4, Li+(DMC)4 et Li+(PC)3 sont les plus stables, selon les valeurs de l'énergie libre de Gibbs, en accord avec les études précédentes. Les énergies libres de réactions calculés pour les mélanges binaires suggèrent que l'ajout de molécules EC et PC aux clusters Li+ -DMC sont plus favorables que l'addition de DMC aux amas Li+-EC et Li+-PC. Dans la plupart des cas, la substitution de solvant aux mélanges binaires sont défavorables. Dans le cas de mélanges ternaires, la molécule DMC ne peut pas remplacer EC et PC, tandis que PC peut facilement remplacer EC et DMC. Notre étude montre que PC tend à substituer EC dans la couche de solvation. Nous avons complété nos études ab-initio par des simulations MD d'une ion Li immergé dans les solvants purs et dans des mélanges de solvants d'intérêt pour les batteries, EC:DMC(1: 1) et EC:DMC:PC(1:1:3). MD est un outil très puissant et nous a permis de clarifier la pertinence des structures découvertes par DFT lorsque le ion est entouré par des solvants mélangés. En effet,la DFT fournit des informations sur les structures les plus stables de groupes isolés, mais aucune information sur leur stabilité ou de la multiplicité (entropie) lorsqu'il est immergé dans un environnement solvant infinie. Les données MD, ainsi que les calculs DFT nous ont permis de donner une image très complète de la structure locale de mélanges de solvants autour le ion lithium, sensiblement amélioré par rapport aux travaux précédents<br>Due to the increasing global energy demand, eco-friendly and sustainable green resources including solar, or wind energies must be developed, in order to replace fossil fuels. These sources of energy are unfortunately discontinuous, being correlated with weather conditions and their availability is therefore strongly fluctuating in time. As a consequence, large-scale energy storage devices have become fundamental, to store energy on long time scales with a good environmental compatibility. Electrochemical energy conversion is the key mechanism for alternative power sources technological developments. Among these systems, Lithium-ion (Li+) batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated to be the most robust and efficient, and have become the prevalent technology for high-performance energy storage systems. These are widely used as the main energy source for popular applications, including laptops, cell phones and other electronic devices. The typical LIB consists of two (negative and positive) electrodes, separated by an electrolyte. This plays a very important role, transferring ions between the electrodes, therefore providing the electrical current. This thesis work focuses on the complex materials used as electrolytes in LIBs, which impact Li-ion transport properties, power densities and electrochemical performances. Usually, the electrolyte consists of Li-salts and mixtures of organic solvents, such as cyclic or linear carbonates. It is therefore indispensable to shed light on the most important structural (coordination) properties, and their implications on transport behaviour of Li+ ion in pure and mixed solvent compositions. We have performed a theoretical investigation based on combined density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, and have focused on three carbonates, cyclic ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), and linear dimethyl carbonate (DMC). DFT calculations have provided a detailed picture for the optimized structures of isolated carbonate molecules and Li+ ion, including pure clusters Li+(S)n (S=EC, PC, DMC and n=1-5), mixed binary clusters, Li+(S1)m(S2)n (S1, S2 =EC, PC, DMC, with m+n=4), and ternary clusters Li+(EC)l(DMC)m(PC)n with l+m+n=4. Pure solvent clusters were also studied including the effect of PF6- anion. We have investigated in details the structure of the coordination shell around Li+ for all cases. Our results show that clusters such as Li+(EC)4, Li+(DMC)4 and Li+(PC)3 are the most stable, according to Gibbs free energy values, in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The calculated Gibbs free energies of reactions in binary mixtures suggest that the addition of EC and PC molecules to the Li+-DMC clusters are more favourable than the addition of DMC to Li+-EC and Li+-PC clusters. In most of the cases, the substitution of solvent to binary mixtures are unfavourable. In the case of ternary mixtures, the DMC molecule cannot replace EC and PC, while PC can easily substitute both EC and DMC molecules. Our study shows that PC tends to substitute EC in the solvation shell. We have complemented our ab-initio studies by MD simulations of a Li-ion when immersed in the pure solvents and in particular solvents mixtures of interest for batteries applications, e.g. , EC:DMC (1:1) and EC:DMC:PC(1:1:3). MD is a very powerful tool and has allowed us to clarify the relevance of the cluster structures discovered by DFT when the ion is surrounded by bulk solvents. Indeed, DFT provides information about the most stable structures of isolated clusters but no information about their stability or multiplicity (entropy) when immersed in an infinite solvent environment. The MD data, together the DFT calculations have allowed us to give a very comprehensive picture of the local structure of solvent mixtures around Lithium ion, which substantially improve over previous work
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Beck, Lisa Elanna. "Diffusivity and resistance to deterioration from freezing and thawing of binary and ternary concrete mixture blends." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8784.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Civil Engineering<br>Kyle Riding<br>Corrosion of reinforcing steel is one of the most common and serious causes of reinforced concrete deterioration. While corrosion is normally inhibited by a passive layer that develops around the reinforcing steel due to the high pH environment of the surrounding concrete, chlorides will break down this protective layer, leading to reinforcement corrosion. Decreasing the diffusivity of the concrete would slow the ingress of chlorides into concrete, and is one of the most economical ways to increase the concrete service life. Optimized concrete mixtures blending portland cement and supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) have become popular throughout the construction industry as a method of improving both fresh and long-term concrete properties such as workability, strength and porosity. It has been shown that use of Class F fly ash, silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in binary concrete mixture blends can result in a significant reduction in concrete diffusivity. This study investigates the ability of Class C fly ash and ternary concrete mixture blends to also aid in diffusivity reduction. In order to study the effect of incorporation of SCMs into concrete, mixtures containing Class C and Class F fly ash, silica fume and GGBFS were tested following the ASTM C 1556 procedures to measure the concrete’s apparent chloride diffusivity. Structure life cycles were modeled using the measured apparent chloride diffusivities with two finite-difference based life-cycle analysis software packages. To determine whether a correlation between diffusivity and deterioration due to freezing and thawing exists, samples were also tested for their ability to resist deterioration from freezing and thawing cycles using a modified ASTM C 666 Procedure B test. Results show that the use of Class C fly ash yields some service life improvements as compared to the portland cement control mixtures, while ternary mixture blends performed significantly better than the control mixture and equal to or better than the binary SCM mixtures tested. Freeze-thaw tests showed all mixtures to be equally resistant to deterioration due to freezing and thawing.
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Męcfel-Marczewski, Joanna. "Self Incompatible Solvent." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201001195.

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In dieser Arbeit wird das neue Prinzip der „Selbstinkompatiblen Lösungsmittel“ vorgestellt. Es wird theoretisch abgeleitet, dass eine Mischung aus zwei Substanzen mit ungünstigen Wechselwirkungen bereitwillig eine weitere Substanz aufnehmen sollte, die diese ungünstigen Wechselwirkungen durch Verdünnen vermindert. Dies sollte umso stärker ausgeprägt sein, je ungünstiger die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beiden ersten Substanzen sind. Da sich jedoch Substanzen mit sehr ungünstigen Wechselwirkungen physikalisch nicht mischen, entstand die Idee, diese Substanzen durch eine kovalente Bindung aneinander zu binden. Ein solches Molekül, das aus zwei inkompatiblen Hälften besteht, wird im Folgendem Selbstinkompatibles Lösungsmittel genannt. Die in dieser Arbeit gewählten Substanzen zeigen mäßige Inkompatibilität, deshalb ist ein Vergleich zwischen einfachen physikalischen Mischungen und kovalent verknüpften Molekülhälften noch möglich. Dieses Prinzip wird für binäre und ternäre Mischungen quantitativ berechnet und experimentell in drei Serien von Experimenten bestätigt: i) unter Verwendung von Lösungskalorimetrie und Bestimmung der Wechselwirkungsparameter zwischen Komponente 3 und einer bereits hergestellt physikalischen binären Mischung aus Komponente 1 und 2, ii) unter Verwendung von Lösungskalorimetrie und Bestimmung der Wechselwirkungsparameter zwischen Komponente 3 und den selbstinkompatiblen Losungsmitteln, die den in (i) gewählten Mischungen entsprechen und iii) aus der Sättigungslöslichkeit der Komponente 3 in den entsprechenden selbstinkompatiblen Lösungsmitteln. In diesen drei verschiedenen Messserien wird stets der gleichen Trend beobachtet: Die Selbstinkompatibilität eines Lösungsmittels begünstigt den Lösevorgang<br>In this thesis a new principle of Self Incompatible Solvent is introduced. It is shown theoretically that a preexisting mixture of two substances (compound 1 and 2) with unfavorable interactions will readily dissolve a third compound because it diminishes the unfavorable interaction between the compound 1 and 2 by dilution. This behavior should be the stronger the more unfavorable the interactions between compound 1 and 2 are. However, substances with strong unfavorable interactions will not mix. Therefore the idea pursued here is to enforce the desired preexisting mixture for example by linking compound 1 covalently to compound 2. Such a molecule that is composed of two incompatible parts is called Self Incompatible Solvent in this work. In this thesis examples of incompatible compounds that show moderate incompatibility are chosen, therefore it was possible to do a comparison between simple physical mixtures and covalently linked incompatible molecules. The theoretical prediction of the theory is compared with experiments. This principle is calculated quantitatively for binary and ternary mixtures and compared with the experimental results in three distinct series of experiments: i) by using solution calorimetry and calculation of the interaction parameters between compounds 3 and the preexisting binary mixture of compound 1 and 2, ii) by using solution calorimetry and calculation of the interaction parameters between compound 3 and the Self Incompatible Solvent that correspond to the mixtures used in (i) and iii) from the saturation solubility of compound 3 in the Self Incompatible Solvent. The results obtained from the theoretical prediction and these obtained from the three different series of experiments show the same trend: the self incompatibility of the solvent improves the dissolution process
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Wang, Yana. "Self-incompatible solvents with ionic groups." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-107041.

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The concept of a self-incompatible solvent is introduced as a molecule composed of two parts (compound 1 and 2) with unfavourable interactions. A third compound will be readily dissolved in this solvent to diminish this unfavourable interaction by dilution. The more incompatible compounds 1 and 2 are, the stronger this behaviour is expected to be. In this work, ionic liquids comprising non-polar carbon chain and polar ionic group are chosen to serve as a model of self-incompatible solvent. The interactions parameters k of the ionic liquids with active ingredients are investigated to examine the effect of self-incompatibility of the ionic liquid molecule. On the other hand, phase separation between compounds 1 and 2 will reduce the positive effect of self-incompatibility. The tendency of phase separation is increasing with increasing size of the two compounds. Thus, if compounds 1 and 2 are blocks tied together into a block copolymer, one expects a decreasing ability of the block copolymer to dissolve an active ingredient with increasing block length. In this work the ability of polybutadiene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PB-b-P2VP) block copolymers to dissolve the model compound anthracene is investigated. As expected, the solubility indeed decreases with increasing block length.
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Books on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

1

Kessler, Cathie L. Flashing sprays of binary hydrocarbon mixtures. National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Lechner, M. D., ed. Pure Organometallic and Organononmetallic Liquids, Binary Liquid Mixtures. Springer-Verlag, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b68239.

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Stephan, Karl. Recommended data of selected compounds and binary mixtures. DeutscheGesellschaft fu r Chemisches Apparatewesen (DECHEMA), 1987.

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Stephan, K. Recommended data of selected compounds and binary mixtures. DECHEMA, 1987.

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Jacobs, Michael Henricus Gerardus. The calculation of ternary phase diagrams from binary phase diagrams. [s.n.], 1990.

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G, Manzheliĭ V., ed. Handbook of binary solutions of cryocrystals. Begell House, 1996.

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Georgoulaki, A. Simulation of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation-equilibriumand matrix calculations for ternary mixtures. UMIST, 1994.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. Surface Tension of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. Edited by M. D. Lechner. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48336-7.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. Edited by M. D. Lechner. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5.

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Lechner, M. D., ed. Surface Tension of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. Springer-Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b60566.

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Book chapters on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

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Hettiarachchi, Dileepa, S. M. Samindi M. K. Samarakoon, Kjell Tore Fosså, Kidane F. Gebremariam, and Mahmoud Khalifeh. "Exploring the Potential Utilization of Silicon Manganese Slag as a Supplementary Cementitious Material for Cement Replacement in Developing Low-Carbon Composite Binders." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_14.

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AbstractThe continuous increase in demand for cement in the construction industry critically contributes directly to the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Hence, numerous attempts are being made to reduce CO2 emissions in conjunction with cement production, named as low-carbon cement. This has boosted the enthusiasm for searching for alternatives, specifically supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) that are considered the most environmental and economical friendly method for mitigating CO2 emissions associated with the cement-based construction industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate silicon manganese slag (SiMn slag), a by-product of the metal industry as a sustainable alternative for partial replacements with traditional cement. An experimental investigation was conducted utilizing SiMn slag, primarily focusing on evaluating the compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for both binary and ternary sets of binders, the latter being coupled with ground granulated blast furnace slag. The study has investigated the different replacement levels of cement with SiMn slag up to 90% while maintaining water to binder ratio at 0.35. The microstructure and mineralogical analyses of the prepared hardened binders have been conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify phases, morphological changes, and various reaction products. The results indicate that the investigated binary mixture at 30% and 50% cement replacement levels, as well as the ternary mixture at a 50% cement replacement level, exhibited better compressive strength performances. The study suggests using SiMn slag as a supplementary cementitious material in binary or ternary mixtures, potentially achieving improved compressive strength even with higher levels of cement replacement.
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Durão, L., A. P. Oliveira, J. Martins, and M. Gonçalves. "Binary and Ternary Mixtures for SI Engines: A Review." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2022). Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26849-6_46.

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Andreola, F., G. C. Pellacani, and M. Romagnoli. "Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Deflocculant Additives for Whiteware Slurries." In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 22, Issue 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294673.ch33.

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Lapasin, R., S. Pricl, and M. Stolfa. "Viscosity of Aqueous Suspensions of Binary And Ternary Alumina Mixtures." In Progress and Trends in Rheology V. Steinkopff, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51062-5_282.

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Kumar, Adithya, and Shaik Saboor. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance of Various Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Replace R410A." In Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6360-7_26.

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Hassan, A., K. L. Levien, and J. J. Morrell. "Phase Behavior of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Wood Preservatives in Supercritical CO2with Cosolvents." In Innovations in Supercritical Fluids. American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0608.ch027.

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Daza, Nemesio, Yoleimy Ávila, Andrés Guzmán, and Joaquín Abellán-Garcia. "Absorption Tests of Binary and Ternary Mortar Mixtures and Their Relationship with Compressive Strength." In Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29191-3_20.

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Liu, Xinsen, Zhan Wang, and Xi Wang. "The Study of Fouling Behavior for the Model Binary/Ternary Mixture Solution." In Advances in Energy Resources and Environmental Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42563-9_125.

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Gauter, K., and C. J. Peters. "Phase Equilibria in Near-Critical Solutions: Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and Certain Solutes and the Occurrence of Two-Phase Holes." In Supercritical Fluids. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3929-8_3.

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Manos, George, Lawrence J. Dunne, Akrem Furgani, and Sayed Jalili. "Monte Carlo Simulation and Lattice Model Studies of Adsorption of Methane, Ethane, Carbon Dioxide and Their Binary and Ternary Mixtures in the Silicalite Zeolite." In Adsorption and Phase Behaviour in Nanochannels and Nanotubes. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2481-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

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Presuel-Moreno, Francisco J., and Kazi Hoque. "Corrosion Propagation of Carbon Steel Rebar Embedded in Concrete." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13564.

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Abstract Specimens with binary and ternary concrete mixtures were prepared. The specimens were reinforced with a #3 rebar and have 0.75 cm concrete cover. Electromigration was used to accelerate chloride transport, this lasted anywhere between a week to a few months. The effect of rebar length under the reservoir and concrete composition was investigated. This paper presents the monitoring via linear polarization resistance and galvanostatic pulse to determine the corrosion current. The solution resistance and rebar potential were monitored for over 600 days. Corrosion in some cases initiated several weeks after removing the electromigration. Selected samples were terminated, only small corrosion spots were found.
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Woollam, Richard C., Joshua Owen, Yasmin Hayatgheib, and Richard Barker. "Corrosion Inhibitor Surfactant Optimization: Part 1 – Inhibitor Efficiency." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18043.

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Abstract A homologous series of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (BAC) was used as a model for a composite commercial corrosion inhibitor formulation. The homologous series consisted of three BACs with C12, C14 and C16 tail lengths. A 10-point, three-component mixture design experimentation was performed to determine the composition for achieving the ‘optimal’ corrosion inhibitor performance. The CMC of each mixture combination (single, binary or ternary) was firstly evaluated using the lipophilic dye Nile Red. The corrosion inhibition performance of each mixture was subsequently determined at the respective CMC in a 1 wt.% NaCl solution under approximately 1 bar partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 30 °C. In order to calculate the corrosion inhibitor efficiency for each mixture of components, the corrosion rates before and after the injection of the corrosion inhibitor mixture were measured by linear polarization resistance (LPR). The measured CMC values and corrosion inhibitor efficiencies for each mixture were plotted on a ternary diagram and a cubic response curve fitted to each dataset. The ‘peak’ in the mixture CMC response curve and the peak in the corrosion inhibitor efficiency response curve were then compared, and an optimal composition was estimated from the mixture response analysis.
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Narita, Toshio, Shigenari Hayashi, Mayumi Shoji, Yoshitake Hisamatsu, Daisuke Yoshida, and Michihisa Fukumoto. "Application of Rhenium Coating as a Diffusion Barrier to Improve the High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Nickel-Based Superalloy." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01157.

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Abstract A nickel-based single crystal superalloy with or without a Re/Al coating was Al-diffusion treated and then oxidized in air at 1373K for up to 2.54Ms under thermal cycling and isothermal conditions. The Al-diffusion treatment, carned out at 1273K for 57.6ks in a mixture of FeAl and Al2O3 powder, resulted in a triplex layer structure in the sequence β -NiAl / Re-rich layer / Al-diffusion zone on the alloy. The Re-rich layer contained 25Ni, 19Al, and 16Cr (at%). When oxidized at 1373K for 460ks in air under thermal cycling, a very protective α -Al2O3 scale formed, while the β -NiAl layer changed to Ni-aluminide (presumably γ’-Ni3Al) containing 21at%Al and the Re-rich layer to a Re-based alloy containing 31Cr, 21Ni, 12Co, 6W, and 3Al (at%) plus Re, which corresponded to σ -phase in the Ni-Cr-Re phase diagram. The protective α-Al2O3 scale and the resulting triplex coating structure of γ’-Ni3Al/σ-phase (Cr-Re-Ni system) / alloy substrate were maintained with little change for up to 2.54Ms under isothermal oxidation. The formation of the triplex structure was discussed by using the diffusion path on the ternary Ni-Cr-Re and binary Ni-Al phase diagrams. In the Al-diffusion and subsequent initial stage of oxidation the Al, Ni, Co and Cr diffused rapidly through the Re/Al coating and the Re-Ni-Al-Cr alloy layer. With further oxidation at 1373K the Re-Cr-Ni (Co) (σ -phase) alloy layer formed between the alloy substrate and γ’-Ni3Al layer and it was found to act as a very effective diffusion barrier to the alloying elements and Al.
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Welp, Alexandra, Ilyas Adaköy, and Burak Atakan. "PISTON COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE WITH TERNARY MIXTURES: MACHINE LEARNING SURROGATE MODELS." In 37th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2024). ECOS 2024, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/077185-0029.

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Larmier, Coline, Eugene d'Eon, and Andrea Zoia. "Markovian Binary Mixtures: Benchmarks for the Albedo Problem." In Mathematics and Computation 2021. American Nuclear Society, 2021. https://doi.org/10.13182/xyz-33751.

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Inoue, Norihiro, Masao Goto, and Satish G. Kandlikar. "Flow Boiling Heat Transfer With Binary and Ternary Mixtures in Microfin Tubes." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1275.

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Abstract An experimental setup was designed and fabricated to test the flow boiling heat transfer performance of microfin tubes. Five microfin tubes were tested with pure refrigerants. Two tubes were selected for further testing with binary and ternary refrigerant mixtures. This paper reports the data for these two microfin tubes employing R22, R410A (mixture of 50% by weight of R32 and 50% of R125) and R407C (ternary mixture of 23 wt. % R32, 25 wt. % R125, and 52 wt. % R134a). A correlation scheme is presented for the heat transfer coefficient of mixtures in microfin tubes. In general, it is observed that the heat transfer performance of binary mixture R410A in microfin tubes is similar to pure R22; however, the performance of the ternary mixture R407C is lower than that with pure R22.
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Azzolin, Marco, Arianna Berto, Stefano Bortolin, and Davide Del Col. "VAPORIZATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY NON-AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES INSIDE CHANNELS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 16. Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc16.bae.024169.

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Avsec, Jurij, Greg Naterer, and Maks Oblak. "Transport Properties in Composition Dependence of Binary and Ternary Mixtures." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-585.

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Reynoso, G., P. Marti´nez, and R. Reyes. "Interfacial Energy and Micelle Conditions of Ternary Mixtures for Improved Heat Transfer." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72571.

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The search for suitable mixtures as boiling fluids leads to the development of ternary liquid mixtures that could handle even higher heat fluxes than binary mixtures through the formation of stable bubble-micelles departing from the heater’s surface. The amount of experimental work for testing the combinations is reduced using the interfacial tension prediction capabilities of simulation software, although it is not possible to predict singularities in the interfacial tension behavior of the mixtures. The ethanol aqueous mixture shows a singularity in its interfacial tension value at 16% ethanol by weight. In this work was combined with glycols for enhancing boiling heat transfer by decreasing the mixture interfacial tension. Also, the effect of the surfactants Dodecyl Benzene Sodium Sulfonate (DBSS) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate (SLS) in the mixture interfacial tension was studied. The measurements of sessile drop contact angles of mixtures with added surfactant allowed finding the singularities in the surface tension values that are related to critical micelle concentrations and the increment in boiling heat transfer. The propilenglycol-ethanol-water mixture produced the lowest values of contact angles, while for the etilenglycol-ethanol-water mixtures no such reduction was obtained with the same amount of the glycol. The use of DBSS and SLS at their critical micelle concentration decreased further the interfacial tension of the propilenglycol ternary mixture to generate a mixture that could improve the convective heat transfer coefficient.
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Wettermann, Matthias, and Dieter Steiner. "FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OF WIDE-BOILING BINARY AND TERNARY MIXTURES." In Boiling 2000 Phenomena and Emerging Applications Volume 2. Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/boiling2000.140.

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Reports on the topic "Binary and ternary mixtures"

1

Dunn, Patrick. Binary mixtures near surfaces. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6100.

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Grubin, H. L., J. P. Kreskovsky, M. Meyyappan, and B. J. Morrison. Transient Transport in Binary and Ternary Semiconductors. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada165464.

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Bradshaw, Robert, and Donald Meeker. Chemical Equilibria of Molten Ternary Nitrate Salt Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1545834.

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Prinja, A. K. Asymptotic Limits for Transport in Binary Stochastic Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1357350.

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Wiemann, P. B. Chemical protective clothing: Permeation behavior of chemical binary mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5046338.

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Zhang, Z. F., Anderson L. Ward, and Jason M. Keller. Determining the Porosity and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Binary Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016457.

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Schnitzler, J. v., and J. M. Prausnitz. A classical model for closed-loop diagrams of binary liquid mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146719.

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Rainwater, James C. Vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures in the extended critical region :. National Bureau of Standards, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1328.

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Kwon, Y. U. Syntheses and structural characterization of zirconium-tin and zirconium-lead binary and ternary systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6049093.

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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, et al. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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