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Journal articles on the topic 'Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Susilo, Deddy, Budihardja Murtianta, and Arivia Aurelia Devina P. "Perancangan Sistem Modulator Binary Phase Shift Keying." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 15, no. 01 (April 1, 2016): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v15i01.143.

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Sistem yang dibangun adalah sebuah modul sistem modulator BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying). Perangkat yang dibahas adalah modulator BPSK dengan frekuensi 10kHz-48kHz dan untuk transmisi secara nirkabel ditambahkan pemancar FM yang akan mentranslasikan sinyal pembawa pada frekuensi radio sebesar 80MHz. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, sistem perangkat modulator BPSK yang dibangun dapat bekerja dengan baik. Perancangan pseudorandom generator dengan menanamkan algoritma register geser 5 tingkat dengan mikrokontroler AVR ATTINY13A dapat diatur dengan bit rate bervariasi dari 1200, 2400, 4800 dan 9600 bps. Untai tapis lolos rendah Bessel orde 2 dengan fc 48kHz dapat berfungsi memperhalus hasil keluaran pseudorandom generator dan level shifter. Untai selektor keluaran BPSK dapat berfungsi dengan baik untuk pemilih sinyal sinus 0° dan 180° serta pemancar FM dapat menghasilkan spectrum sinyal paling tinggi pada frekuensi 80MHz.
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2

Liu, Guang Zu, and Jian Xin Wang. "Improved SNR Estimation Technique for BPSK and QPSK Signals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.994.

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To improve the estimation accuracy of non-data-aided (NDA) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimators at low SNR value, A novel estimation technique for binary phase-shift keying and quadrature phase-shift keying signals in complex additive white Gaussian noise channel is proposed. The mathematical relation between SNR and the ratio of two simple statistical computations is derived, then SNR is determined by looking up a table. Its accuracy surpasses other NDA estimators, approaching closely to the Cramer-Rao lower bound at SNR > 5dB.
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3

LOPEZ-GORDO, M. A., and F. PELAYO. "A BINARY PHASE-SHIFT KEYING RECEIVER FOR THE DETECTION OF ATTENTION TO HUMAN SPEECH." International Journal of Neural Systems 23, no. 04 (June 9, 2013): 1350016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065713500160.

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Synthetic sounds, tone-beeps, vowels or syllables are typically used in the assessment of attention to auditory stimuli because they evoke a set of well-known event-related potentials, whose characteristics can be statistically contrasted. Such approach rules out the use of stimuli with non-predictable response, such as human speech. In this study we present a procedure based on the robust binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) receiver that permits the real-time detection of selective attention to human speeches in dichotic listening tasks. The goal was achieved by tagging the speeches with two barely-audible tags whose joined EEG response constitutes a reliable BPSK constellation, which can be detected by means of a BPSK receiver. The results confirmed the expected generation of the BPSK constellation by the human auditory system. Also, the bit-error rate and the information transmission rate achieved in the detection of attention fairly followed the expected curves and equations of the standard BPSK receiver. Actually, it was possible to detect attention as well as the estimation a priori of its accuracy based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the BPSK signals. This procedure, which permits the detection of the attention to human speeches, can be of interest for new potential applications, such as brain–computer interfaces, clinical assessment of the attention in real time or for entertainment.
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4

Adiono, Trio, Angga Pradana, and Syifaul Fuada. "A Low-complexity of VLC System using BPSK." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v6i1.8072.

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The design, implementation, and demonstration of visible light communication (VLC) system using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation has been presented in this short paper. Our system is applied for indoor environment purpose. The test result shows that our VLC system able to work properly as expected, the BPSK constellation can be formed wirelessly through a visible light link. We obtained 13.4 kbps of maximum data rate transfer.
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5

Miglani, Rajan, and Jagjit Singh Malhotra. "Statistical Analysis of FSO Links Employing Multiple Transmitter/Receiver Strategy over Double-Generalized and Gamma–Gamma Fading Channel Using Different Modulation Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0066.

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Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication links have recently received lot of attention as high bandwidth and cost-effective access technique. However, the transmission medium, i. e. atmosphere, itself is a major spoilsport factor as atmospheric turbulence may lead to fading. The legacy of spatial diversity techniques which have already proven their worth as effective mechanism to counter channel fading in radio links has also been extended to FSO links in this paper. A mathematical model to evaluate error rate performance of FSO links over strong turbulent conditions using gamma–gamma and double-generalized gamma channel model for different modulation techniques has also been included. It was observed that higher modulation techniques such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) allow superior error performance as compared to on–off keying (OOK) links, and this performance further enhances with incorporation of spatial diversity techniques. However, across different diversity options, explained in this paper, BPSK–MISO links were the best choice for turbulent conditions.
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6

Barkha Pandey, Raghu Harsh Kalia, Monica Kaushik, and Monika Arora. "Performance Enhancement of DS-CDMA System using Extended BPSK Modulation Scheme." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2016.42009.

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In a last few decades there has been tremendous growth and a drastic rise in wireless communication technologies. The major issue that the world is facing today with the advent of so many sophisticated wireless communication devices is efficient utilization of the spectrum. Spectrum efficiency comes together with a tradeoff factor of energy consumption. Thus, the need of the hour is an energy and bandwidth efficient technique. DS-CDMA is one of the competitive and most investigated technique in wireless communication which caters the large demand at the same time with limited bandwidth. Existing modulation techniques does not promise to provide better performance in case of higher noise. Therefore, one looks for a better BER stipulated modulation format to improve and enhance the performance of the system. This article revisits conventional Binary phase shift keying method and compares its performance in terms of BER with a special Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying (EBPSK) modulation format for a DS- CDMA system. EBPSK scheme is flexible and simple which is easily integrated in a network and assures improved and enhanced performance.
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7

Li, Jiong, Dao Xing Guo, and Chao Gong. "Performance Analysis of LDPC Coded SFH/BPSK in Partial-Band Interference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.417.

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In this paper, we investigated the low density parity check (LDPC) coded performances of slow-frequency-hopped binary phase shift-keying (SFH/BPSK) systems in the presence partial-band interference (PBI). The contributions of this paper are two folds. First, we give the bits error probability (BER) of the SFH/BPSK system with PBI by analysis, and further verify it by numerical results. Second, we investigated the effects of code rate, code length, the number of symbols per hop (SPH) and interleaver on the performance of the SFH/BPSK system with PBI by numerical simulation.
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8

Raji, T. I., and Z. K. Adeyemo. "Performance of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quartenary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Signalling Schemes in Fast and Frequency Non-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel with a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) at the Receiver." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.99.

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In this paper, we study the performance of Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and Quartenary phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation signalling over fast and frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel with mobile digital communication and usually a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) at the receiver. Mobile communication is generally a complex process in which the input modulated signals propagate to the receiver over many different paths resulting in what is known as multipath propagation. Its main effects are delay spread and Doppler spread. These effects result in the channel being classified as fast and frequency non selective. Performances in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) with respect to the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at different selected velocities of 10, 40, 70 and 100km/hr are investigated with Adaptive Equalizer. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB 7.0 programming language. The results indicate that at all the velocities considered; there is an excessive degradation in the BER performance due to fading with both the BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes. However, the BER improves for BPSK modulation signalling scheme when a decision feedback equalizer is used at the receiver
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9

Li, Jiong, Man Xi Wang, Dao Xing Guo, and Xiao Fei Pan. "Performance Analysis of LDPC Coded SFH/BPSK in LFM Jamming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.748.

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In this paper, we investigated the low density parity check (LDPC) coded performances of slow-frequency-hopped binary phase shift-keying (SFH/BPSK) systems in the presence linear frequency modulated (LFM) jamming. We investigated the effects of code rate, code length, the number of symbols per hop (SPH) and interleaver on the performance of the SFH/BPSK system with LFM jamming by numerical simulation. And the results suggest that there is good performance through designing the system reasonably.
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10

Murtianta, Budihardja. "Sistem Modulator dan Demodulator BPSK dengan Costas Loop." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 14, no. 01 (April 1, 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v14i01.120.

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Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas suatu sistem transmisi data berbasis BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) menggunakan Costas Loop pada demodulatornya. Pada prinsipnya Costas Loop adalah bentuk khusus dari PLL yang difungsikan untuk melakukan demodulasi sinyal-sinyal yang termodulasi secara supressed-carrier. Costas Loop menggunakan umpan balik negatif untuk melakukan carrier recovery, kemudian sinyal pembawa yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk melakukan demodulasi sinyal BPSK-nya. Sistem ini terdiri dari modulator dan demodulator BPSK yang menggunakan format Non Return Zero Bipolar. Pada sistem modulator BPSK akan menghasilkan isyarat Ac cos(ωct) untuk menyatakan ”high” dan - Ac cosωct untuk menyatakan ”low” sedang pada sistem demodulator BPSK akan menghasilkan aras ”high” untuk isyarat yang sefasa dan menghasilkan aras ”low” untuk isyarat berbeda fasa 180°.
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11

He, Yishan, Yufan Cheng, Gang Wu, Binhong Dong, and Shaoqian Li. "Adaptive Jamming Suppression in Coherent FFH System Using Weighted Equal Gain Combining Receiver over Fading Channels with Imperfect CSI." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/687874.

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Fast frequency hopping (FFH) is commonly used as an antijamming communication method. In this paper, we propose efficient adaptive jamming suppression schemes for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) based coherent FFH system, namely, weighted equal gain combining (W-EGC) with the optimum and suboptimum weighting coefficient. We analyze the bit error ratio (BER) of EGC and W-EGC receivers with partial band noise jamming (PBNJ), frequency selective Rayleigh fading, and channel estimation errors. Particularly, closed-form BER expressions are presented with diversity order two. Our analysis is verified by simulations. It is shown that W-EGC receivers significantly outperform EGC. As compared to the maximum likelihood (ML) receiver in conventional noncoherent frequency shift keying (FSK) based FFH, coherent FFH/BPSK W-EGC receivers also show significant advantages in terms of BER. Moreover, W-EGC receivers greatly reduce the hostile jammers’ jamming efficiency.
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12

Ma, Hao, Jun Wang, Xin Sun, TianWei Hou, and WenXin Jin. "Joint Radar-Communication Relying on Spread Spectrum: A Hybrid Chaotic Sequence Design." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848172.

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This paper investigates a novel design for joint radar-communication (JRC) waveform, which is capable of improving the network’s performance by solving the phase shift mutation of the Chirp-BPSK waveform. We aim for jointly designing chirp waveform and improving Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), as well as the hybrid chaotic spread spectrum code (CSSC). As a benefit, the JRC waveform can be successfully decoded, and the accumulation of phase shift can be suppressed by hybrid CSSC. The detailed deduction on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of the JRC waveform is adopted to analyse the complicated AF characters. Our analytical results demonstrate that the proposed JRC signal has superior spectrum performance, ambiguity function (AF), and transmission rate than conventional Chirp and Chirp-BPSK waveform. Numerical results are provided to confirm that (i) the proposed waveform is capable of providing better communication and radar performance; (ii) the performance of AF is not affected by the transmission rate for the proposed waveform.
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13

Shetty, Mamtha. "Design of BPSK Modulator Using VHDL." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 12 (October 23, 2014): 5247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i12.5276.

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Binary Phase Shift Keying represents the simulation results of binary digital modulation schemes. Here for BASK and BPSK modulation techniques use FPGA algorithm. If multiplier block is used for multiplication bit stream with carrier signal, used time will rises. In addition using multiplier block obtained simulation results were analyzed and compared to other simulation results. Source consumptions of FPGA-based BASK modulation technique and BPSK modulation technique were compared. Also, for different modulation algorithm, source consumptions of BASK and BPSK modulation technique were analyzed using VHDL. Designed modulators using VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Hardware Description Language (VHDL) was realized on high speed FPGA (Field Program Programmable Gate Array). Because for used modulation technique data rate transfer is fairly important in wireless communication systems. The highest speed data rate transfer can be realized using fiber optic cables. In addition, BER (Bit Error Rate) of BASK and BPSK modulator was compared using MATLAB simulation program. Binary data rate is same for BPSK and BASK. BPSK and BASK modulations were designed on FPGA using VHDL hardware description language.
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14

Rajanna, B. V., SVNL Lalitha, Ganta Joga Rao, and S. K. Shrivastava. "BPSK Modulation and Demodulation with Power Line Carrier Communication and GSM Communication for Smart Metering." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp713-722.

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GSM/GPRS and PLC communication are used for Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) applications. These AMR systems have made substantial progress over the recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance and openness such that they can perform remote metering applications for very demanding and complex systems. By using BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation with Power Line Carrier Communication, Smart Metering can be done in Rural Smart Micro-grids. The design and Simulation of BPSK Modulation and Demodulation are successfully done by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The advantages of using BPSK modulation over the QPSK modulation and the advantages of PLC Communication over the GSM Communication is identified in this paper.
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15

Jiang, Kaiyuan, Jiawei Zhang, Haibin Wu, Aili Wang, and Yuji Iwahori. "A Novel Digital Modulation Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031166.

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The modulation recognition of digital signals under non-cooperative conditions is one of the important research contents here. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning theory is also increasingly being applied to the field of modulation recognition. In this paper, a novel digital signal modulation recognition algorithm is proposed, which has combined the InceptionResNetV2 network with transfer adaptation, called InceptionResnetV2-TA. Firstly, the received signal is preprocessed and generated the constellation diagram. Then, the constellation diagram is used as the input of the InceptionResNetV2 network to identify different kinds of signals. Transfer adaptation is used for feature extraction and SVM classifier is used to identify the modulation mode of digital signal. The constellation diagram of three typical signals, including Binary Phase Shift Keying(BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK) and 8 Phase Shift Keying(8PSK), was made for the experiments. When the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is 4dB, the recognition rates of BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK are respectively 1.0, 0.9966 and 0.9633 obtained by InceptionResnetV2-TA, and at the same time, the recognition rate can be 3% higher than other algorithms. Compared with the traditional modulation recognition algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm in this paper has a higher accuracy rate for digital signal modulation recognition at low SNR.
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Kaushik, Rahul, Vineet Khandelwal, and R. C. Jain. "An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0119.

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Abstract Obtaining analytically closed-form expression for bit error rate (BER) of an optical wireless communication (OWC) system under weak atmospheric turbulence is extremely difficult and intractable. In this paper, a simple closed-form approximate expression for average BER of OWC system under weak turbulence condition is obtained using point estimate method. The proposed expression is used to compute the BER for on-off keying (OOK) and sub carrier intensity modulated (SIM) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. Results obtained using proposed expression are compared with those obtained using Gauss-Hermite quadrature approximation and Monte-Carlo simulations.
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17

Wang, Ke, Xiaopeng Yan, Zhiqiang Zhu, Xinhong Hao, Ping Li, and Qian Yang. "Blind Estimation Methods for BPSK Signal Based on Duffing Oscillator." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 6412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226412.

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To realize the blind estimation of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal, this paper describe a new relational expression among the state of Duffing oscillator excited by BPSK signal, the pseudo-random code of BPSK signal, and the difference frequency between the to-be-detect signal and internal drive force signal of Duffing oscillator. Two output characteristics of Duffing oscillators excited by BPSK signals named implied periodicity and pilot frequency array synchronization are presented according to the different chaotic states of Duffing oscillator. Then two blind estimation methods for the carrier frequency and pseudo-random sequence of the BPSK signal are proposed based on these two characteristics, respectively. These methods are shown to have a significant effect on the parameter estimation of BPSK signals with no prior knowledge, even at very low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
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18

Ghauri, Sajjad Ahmed. "KNN BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL MODULATED SIGNALS." IIUM Engineering Journal 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v17i2.641.

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Demodulation process without the knowledge of modulation scheme requires Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC). When receiver has limited information about received signal then AMC become essential process. AMC finds important place in the field many civil and military fields such as modern electronic warfare, interfering source recognition, frequency management, link adaptation etc. In this paper we explore the use of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for modulation classification with different distance measurement methods. Five modulation schemes are used for classification purpose which is Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16-QAM and 64-QAM. Higher order cummulants (HOC) are used as an input feature set to the classifier. Simulation results shows that proposed classification method provides better results for the considered modulation formats.
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19

Li, Miaofeng, Xi Xiao, Qi Yang, and Shaohua Yu. "40 Gbaud binary phase shift keying signal modulation using a substrate removed silicon modulator." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400097.

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Substrate removing technique is proposed in silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) to improve the electro-optic bandwidth. Based on this technique, a silicon MZM with 3 dB electro-optical bandwidth of 55 GHz is achieved at 5 V reverse bias for the first time. The V[Formula: see text] L of the modulator is 1.3 V[Formula: see text]cm with an on-chip insertion loss of 5.4 dB. The substrate removing technique reduces the electrode transmission loss, achieves the electro-optical group index matching and realizes 50 [Formula: see text] impedance matching, simultaneously. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate BPSK modulation based on this modulator at the baud rate up to 56 Gb/s.
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Chu, Yi, and Wei Yau Horng. "A Beamformer Employing Pseudo-Interference Technique for Digital Communication Systems." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1214.

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This paper presents a new receiver for antenna array to provide robustness against adaptive array imperfections. These imperfections include the array gain errors and the directional mismatch. The superior performance of the proposed receiver is primarily achieved by adding an injected pseudo-interference in the diagonally loaded Capon beamformer. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent performance for both binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems.
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Scerri, Jeremy, Barnaby Portelli, Ivan Grech, Edward Gatt, and Owen Casha. "A MEMS BPSK to ASK converter." Microelectronics International 36, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-06-2018-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) to convert a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal to a simpler amplitude shift keying (ASK) scheme. Design/methodology/approach The prototype is designed within the SOIMUMPs® fabrication process constraints. The fabrication constraints imposed geometric limitations on what could be tested. These constraints were used to build a mathematical model, which in turn was used to optimize the response using MATLAB®. The optimized design was tested using finite element analysis with CoventorWare®, and finally lab tests on the fabricated device were performed to confirm theoretical predictions. Findings Theoretical predictions compared well with lab measurements on a prototype device measuring 2.9 mm2. The prototype was tested with a carrier frequency of 174 kHz at a BPSK data rate of 3 kHz and carrier amplitude of 6 V. With these parameters, ASK modulation indices of 0.96 and 0.94 were measured at the two output sensors. Originality/value This study provides a MEMS solution for BPSK to ASK conversion. The study also identifies what limits betterment of the modulation index and data rate. Such a device has potential application in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes that have energy harvesters and sensors that are also built in MEMS. Being a MEMS device, it can facilitate integration in such WSN nodes and, hence, potentially reduce size and costs.
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Guo, Si Yu, Dong Hai Qiao, and He Ming Zhao. "Implementation of Costas Loop for BPSK Receivers Using FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.990.

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This paper introduced a scheme of BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) carrier synchronization based on all digital Costas loop. The principle and implementation of every module used in Costas loop were demonstrated in detail and some of them were optimized to shorten the carrier recovering time. The functional simulation with the ModelSim shows the digital Costas loop works well and its carrier synchronization could be reached in only several cycles. The proposed Costas loop are implemented in FPGA chip and verified by Altera built-in SignalTap logic analyzer. For the implementation with Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7N chip, the entire digital Costas loop only occupies a very small part of FPGA resources.
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Cuu, Ho Van, Hoang Hiep Le, and Nguyen Thi Thu-Hang. "EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM IN NAKAGAMI-m FADING CHANNEL." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 6 (December 7, 2016): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/6/8311.

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Bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) performance response fading parameter for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over Nakagami-m fading channel would be provided in this study. Some channel simulations and evaluations were for 2×2 MIMO-OFDM system in which data are sent from two transmit antennas to two receive antennas. In this study, authors have used binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation techniques to modulate the data stream. In addition, numerical results have been presented and compared for several different environmental propagations such as Nakagami-m, Rician, Rayleigh multipath fading channels, and non-fading additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Based on such obtained presentation and comparison, the paper would discuss further about relation between value of paramater m and quality of system.
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Kumar Giri, Rajat, and Bijayananda Patnaik. "Bit Error Rate Performance Analysis of Hybrid Subcarrier Intensity Modulation-Based FSO with Spatial Diversity in Various Weather Conditions." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0073.

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Abstract In this paper, we study the performance improvement of free space optical (FSO) communication system with spatial diversity techniques employing hybrid pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM-BPSK-SIM). The involvement of multiple photo-detectors in diversity based FSO systems offers an effective way to overcome scntillation. In this paper, we have simulated the bit error rate (BER) with respect to different parameters like average SNR, link distance at various weather conditions. The simulation results are verified in Matlab environment with the mathematical analysis. The simulation results show that higher order single input multiple output (SIMO) system achieves better BER performance and hybrid PPM-BPSK-SIM has significant improved performance than the common modulation schemes like PPM, BPSK-SIM.
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Souza, Pedro, Vinicius Souza, and Luiz F. Silveira. "Analysis of Spectral Sensing Using Angle-Time Cyclostationarity." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194222.

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This work presents a novel spectral sensing method for the detection of signals presenting nonlinear phase variation over time. The introduced method is based on the angle-time cyclostationarity theory, which applies transformations to the signal to be sensed in order to mitigate the effects of nonlinear phase variation. The architecture is employed for sensing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals, being also compared with time cyclostationarity. The obtained simulation results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, while presenting improved performance in terms of the detection rate of primary users increased by about 8 dB.
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Farzamnia, Ali, Ngu War Hlaing, Lillian Eda Kong, Manas Kumar Haldar, and Tohid Yousefi Rezaii. "Investigation of error performance in network coded MIMO-VBLAST wireless communication systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0057.

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Abstract Paper aims to enhance the performance of bit error rate (BER) in wireless communication based on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system of vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time (VBLAST) algorithm. The VBLAST algorithm uses zero-forcing (ZF) and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) to evaluate the BER of wireless communication. MIMO VBLAST techniques function as an adaptive filter and can minimize the interference and multipath fading in the received signal of the channel. Physical layer network coding (PNC) is a new technique used to exploit the spatial diversity of the MIMO VBLAST system to improve the throughput and performance of wireless communication. The bit-error-rate (BER) of proposed VBLAST MIMO with PNC with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation over the additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channel are analyzed. The performance of both BPSK and QPSK modulation in two and four antennas are compared. From the simulation results, it was found that the proposed scheme MIMO VBLAST PNC has a 45.2 % higher BER performance compared to the traditional MIMO scheme with an increase in the BER using MMSE and ZF respectively in both two and four antennas.
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Reşat, Mustafa Anıl, Adem Çiçek, Serdar Özyurt, and Enver Çavuş. "Analysis and FPGA Implementation of Zero-Forcing Receive Beamforming with Signal Space Diversity under Different Interleaving Techniques." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 01 (March 7, 2019): 2050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500073.

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We combine multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing receive beamforming (ZFRBF) with time and spatial component interleaved signal space diversity (SSD) and analyze the system’s error performance and implementation complexity. A transreceiver system with two transmit and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) receive antennas is considered where the number of simultaneous substreams equals two. The error performance of the proposed scheme with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulations is studied. Under the time component interleaved SSD case, we derive an exact average bit error probability expression for BPSK and a tight approximation on the average symbol error probability for QPSK. The signal constellation rotation angles are accordingly computed. Using a similar approach, the signal constellation rotation angles are also determined for the scenario of spatial component interleaved SSD. It is demonstrated that the performance of the original ZFRBF model can be improved significantly by utilizing SSD especially with the time interleaving method. Another contribution to the literature is to study hardware complexity of the proposed scheme on FPGA. It is shown that while achieving considerable performance gain, SSD introduces only an insignificant increase to the system complexity without any extra bandwidth or time slot usage.
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Lin, Jiafu, He Peng, Qichao Yang, Roc Berenguer, and Gui Liu. "A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Injection-Locked BPSK Transmitter in 65-nm CMOS." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050598.

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In order to provide gigabit per second wireless communication, various standards have been proposed and implemented in recent years. Since the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication enables uncompressed high-speed data transfer with a minimum delay, it is considered to be the most promising technology to alleviate the pressure of the increasing demand of the spectrum resource. In this paper, a compact and highly efficient mm-wave transmitter is presented. The proposed injection-locked binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) transmitter can deliver a 10.2 dBm output with an efficiency over 10%. The proposed transmitter occupies 0.105 mm2 chip area in 65 nm CMOS process.
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Abdullah, Hikmat Najem, and Ibrahim Fahmi Ali. "Design of Chaotic Bifurcation Parameter Modulation Scheme using Mean Value Estimation." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.1.1.13.

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In this paper, the bifurcation parameter of the chaotic map is estimated accurately by utilizing the ergodic properties of a chaotic dynamical signal. Binary Phase Shift Keying Ergodic Chaotic Parameter Modulation (BPSK-ECPM) scheme is used to modulate the information signal in the bifurcating parameter of the chaotic map. A mean value estimation technique is used at the receiver to retrieve the original information accurately. This method minimizes the computational complexity of the receiver; thereby, reduces the total manufacturing cost. Simulation results confirm that, in AWGN channel and at bit error rate (BER) of 10-3, BPSK-ECPM achieves gains in Eb/N0 of about 0.7dB and 5dB in comparison with conventional direct sequence spread spectrum with BPSK modulation (DS-SS BPSK) and conventional ergodic chaotic parameter modulation spread spectrum (ECPM-SS) systems respectively. The results also confirm that in Rayleigh fading channel and at BER of 10-3, BPSK-ECPM achieves gains in Eb/N0 of about 6.3dB and 1.6dB in comparison with DS-SS BPSK and ECPM-SS systems respectively, which make BPSK-ECPM an ideal candidate for the intelligent transportation system (ITS).
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Wang, Zhong Xun, and Xing Long Gao. "Design of Modified Minsum Decoder of LDPC Code in the Simplified Difference-Domain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1576.

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In this paper, we propose the modified minsum decoding algorithm of LDPC(Low-Density Parity-Check) code in the simplified difference-domain on the basis of detailed analysis of LDPC decoding algorithm in difference-domain. The simulation indicates that the proposed decoding algorithm offers almost no performance degradation compared with the BP(Belief Propagation) decoding algorithm in log-domain and the decoding algorithm in difference-domain and offers better performance than minsum decoding algorithm in log-domain and greatly reduces the computation complexity in AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel and under BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation.
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Singh, Nitin Shankar, and Gurpartap Singh. "Performance Evaluation of Log-normal And Negative Exponential Channel Modeling Using Various Modulation Techniques in OFDM-FSO Communication." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2005): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i2c2.4189.

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Free Space Optics (FSO) is one of the emerging technology which is thoroughly being popular and is basically using optical signals for the communication. The paper evaluates the bit error rate performance of the Free space Optics (FSO) system. To design a high performance communication link for the atmospheric FSO channel, it is of great importance to characterize the channel with proper model. The performance of the highly efficient, high data rate system is limited by the certain constraints like scintillation effects and atmospheric turbulence. The FSO communication system using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique which is known for its increased robustness against frequency selective fading, narrow-band interference and high channel efficiency. The performance of the modulation techniques- Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and 8-PSK are studied in the Lognormal and Negative Exponential channel. The obtained results are the comparative study of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), which is quite useful for analyse the system performance with different channel models for various modulation techniques.
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Khadim, Rania, Mohammed Erritali, and Abdelhakim Maaden. "Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 under OPNET Modeler for Wireless Sensor Networks." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i1.1593.

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The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has recently been adopted as a communication standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) due to its low data rate, low power consumption and low cost of Wireless Personal Area Networks. This protocol is quite flexible for a wide range of applications if appropriate tuning of its parameters is carried out. Importantly, the protocol also provides real-time guarantees by using the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) mechanism. Indeed, the GTS mechanism is quite attractive for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of BPSK (Binary phase shift keying) and QPSK (Quadrature phase shift keying) modulation techniques. Investigations have been reported to compare the performance of the two modulation schemes. Here modulation schemes have been identified which gives significant performance improvement over the other based on network output load, energy consumption and power reception at the WPAN devices. The results have been presented Pan_Coordinator, GTS and Non GTS End Device (CAP device) of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
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Jiang, Zhao, Liu, Deng, Luo, Wei, and Yang. "Performance Improvement for Mixed RF–FSO Communication System by Adopting Hybrid Subcarrier Intensity Modulation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183724.

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The improvement for hybrid radio frequency–free space optical (RF–FSO) communication system in wireless optical communications has acquired growing interests in recent years, but rarely improvement is based on hybrid modulation. Therefore, we conduct a research on end-to-end mixed RF–FSO system with the hybrid pulse position modulation–binary phase shift keying–subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM–BPSK–SIM) scheme. The RF link obeys Rayleigh distribution and the FSO link experiences Gamma–Gamma distribution. The average bit error rate (BER) for various PPM–BPSK–SIM schemes has been derived with consideration of atmospheric turbulence influence and pointing error condition. The outage probability and the average channel capacity of the system are discussed as well. Simulation results indicate that the pointing error aggravates the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the channel capacity, and the RF–FSO systematic performance is improved obviously while adopting PPM–BPSK–SIM under strong turbulence and severe pointing error conditions, especially, when the system average symbol length is greater than eight.
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Mehmet, S. Ouml NMEZ, and AKBAL Ayhan. "Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designed using VHDL hardware description language transmission performance analysis of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift Keying (QPSK) modulators." Scientific Research and Essays 8, no. 34 (September 11, 2013): 1658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/sre12.171.

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Murtianta, Budihardja, Deddy Susilo, and Arivia Aurelia Devina P. "Perancangan dan Realisasi Perangkat Keras Demodulator BPSK dengan Costas Loop." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 14, no. 02 (October 1, 2015): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v14i02.126.

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Pada tulisan ini akan dirancang dan direalisasikan suatu perangkat demodulator data berbasis BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) menggunakan metode Costas Loop. Costas Loop difungsikan untuk melakukan demodulasi sinyal-sinyal yang termodulasi secara supressed-carrier. Costas Loop menggunakan umpan balik negatif untuk melakukan carrier recovery, kemudian sinyal pembawa yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk melakukan demodulasi sinyal BPSK-nya. Perangkat yang dibuat berupa demodulator BPSK yang menggunakan format Non Return Zero Bipolar dengan frekuensi 10kHz-48kHz. Untuk proses demodulasi BPSK harus dilakukan secara koheren[1]. Deteksi koheren adalah deteksi yang membutuhkan informasi fasa dan frekuensi asli dari sinyal pembawanya secara tepat[2]. Sehingga yang sering menjadi masalah pada deteksi koheren adalah bagaimana mendapatkan informasi tentang frekuensi dan fasa asli sinyal pembawa menggunakan sinyal pembawa yang telah termodulasi fasanya[3], proses ini sering disebut carrier recovery. Pada umumnya terdapat dua metode yang sering digunakan untuk carrier recovery pada deteksi koheren sinyal BPSK, yaitu Squaring Loop dan Costas Loop. Keduanya memiliki noise performance yang hampir sama [1], tapi metode Costas Loop memiliki toleransi yang lebih baik untuk pergeseran isyarat pembawa dan dapat beroperasi untuk lebar pita yang lebih lebar, sehingga lebih sering digunakan dibandingkan dengan Squaring Loop [4].
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36

He, Zhao Jun, Shi Hai Shao, Ying Shen, Chao Jin Qing, and You Xi Tang. "Performance Analysis of Bit Error Rate in Full-Duplex Wireless Communications with Analog Cancellation Error." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1439.

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Recent work has shown the full duplex transmission scheme to allow nodes to send and receive in the same frequency at the same time. In this paper, we investigate the impact of analog cancellation error on the bit error rate (BER) performance of full duplex wireless communication system. Considering the transmission delay error, amplitude error and phase error of analog cancellation, we derive the analytic BER expression of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The analysis results show that BER generally decreases with timing and amplitude error decreases for fixed signal to interference rate (SIR). Compared with the ideal analog cancellation system, the performance loss 0.3dB when the phase error is 0.0001 degree, carrier frequency is 800MHz and SIR is 100dB.
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Bauk, Sanja, Anke Schmeink, and Joan Colomer. "Employing Wireless Networks in Enhancing Occupational Safety at the Developing Seaport – Two Proposals." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0013.

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AbstractThe paper proposes two Wireless Body Area Network Sensors (WBANSs) scenarios at the logical and simulation levels for improving occupational safety and health conditions at the developing seaport environment. The Port of Bar (Montenegro) is taken as an exemplar. The logical model is based on the actual position of the Port of Bar at the seaport market, its needs and capacities for the information systems innovation through technology transfer and diffusion. The simulation model analyses the channel between the body central unit (BCU) of the worker’s on port wireless body sub-network and the port access point. The quality of the signal transmission at the physical layer has been tested through a source code generated in the Matlab. The code includes the BCU composite signal modulation, transmission, and demodulation, along with a noise and fading effects analysis. The results of the simulation experiments for the different transmission frequencies and distances between transmitter (worker’s BCU) and receiver (port’s access point) by using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadratic phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation schemes are presented. Some directions for further investigations in this field are given, as well.
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Zhao, Na, Qing Chang, Hao Wang, and Zhibo Zhang. "An Unbalanced QPSK-Based Integrated Communication-Ranging System for Distributed Spacecraft Networking." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 5803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205803.

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The spacecraft tracking telemetering and command (TT&C) system plays an essential role in celestial and terrestrial networks, requiring relative ranging and communication, particularly in satellite formation flying networks and distributed spacecraft networks. To achieve precious ranging and high-data-rate communication in a Master/Slave satellite architecture, an integrated communication-ranging system (ICRS) is introduced. ICRS is based on the inter-satellite spread spectrum ranging and spread/non-spread spectrum communication modulated by unbalanced quadrature phase shift keying (UQPSK). In both uplink and downlink, the in-phase (I) branches and the quadrature (Q) branches undertake the tasks of ranging and communication, respectively. In addition, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) like signal is adopted in I branches for the sake of better ranging accuracy, and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is employed in Q branches for a higher data rate. Therefore, the key point of the ICRS design is the power resource allocation between two branches via the selection of a suitable power distribution factor (PWDF). Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach in ranging error and bit error rate (BER). In addition, a reasonable PWDF is recommended. Furthermore, the influence of clock offset is also taken into consideration.
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39

Sahajwani, Manish, Alok Jain, and Radheyshyam Gamad. "Log Likelihood Ratio Based Relay Selection Scheme for Amplify and Forward Relaying with Three State Markov Channel." Future Internet 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi10090087.

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This paper presents log likelihood ratio (LLR) based relay selection scheme for a cooperative amplify and forward relaying system. To evaluate the performance of the aforementioned system model, a three state Markov chain based fading environment has been presented to toggle among Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m fading environment. A simulation is carried out while assuming that there is no possibility of direct transmission from the source and destination terminal. Simulation results on the basis of Bit Error Rate (BER), Instantaneous Channel Capacity, and Outage probability have been presented and compared for different cases. In each case, the best performance of the proposed algorithm is obtained with a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme.
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Dwivedi, Vivek K., and Ghanshyam Singh. "Error-rate analysis of the OFDM for correlated Nakagami-m fading channel by using maximal-ratio combining diversity." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 6 (September 1, 2011): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000742.

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In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of correlated Nakagami-m fading channel by using the maximal-ratio-combing diversity at the receiver. A closed-form mathematical expression is derived for the average bit error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and average symbol-error-rate (SER) for M-Quardrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) scheme in terms of the higher transcendental function such as Appell hypergeometric function by using the well-known moment generating function (MGF)-based approach with arbitrary fading index for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. Moreover, we also derived an expression for the outage probability and the proposed numerical results are compared with the reported literature.
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41

Fan, X., G. Fischer, and B. Dietrich. "An integrated 3.1–5.1 GHz pulse generator for ultra-wideband wireless localization systems." Advances in Radio Science 4 (September 6, 2006): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-4-247-2006.

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Abstract. This paper presents an implementation of an integrated Ultra-wideband (UWB), Binary-Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Gaussian modulated pulse generator. VCO, multiplier and passive Gaussian filter are the key components. The VCO provides the carrier frequency of 4.1 GHz, the LC Gaussian filter is responsible for the pulse shaping in the baseband. Multiplying the baseband pulse and the VCO frequency shifts the pulse to the desired center frequency. The generated Gaussian pulse ocupppies the frequency range from 3.1 to 5.1 GHz with the center frequency at 4.1 GHz. Simulations and measured results show that this spectrum fulfills the mask for indoor communication systems given by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission, 2002). The total power consumption is 55 mW using a supply voltage of 2.5 V. Circuits are realized using the IHP 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology.
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42

Wulandari, Sholihah Ayu, Tri Budi Santoso, I. Gede Puja Astawa, and Muhamad Milchan. "Pemodelan Non-uniform Coded-Modulation pada Kanal Akustik Bawah Air di Lingkungan Perairan Dangkal." INOVTEK POLBENG 9, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/ip.v9i1.890.

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In this paper, presented an OFDM performance evaluation with the Non-uniform Coded-Modulation in the underwater acoustic channel in shallow water. A row of binary information is encoded by BCH code (7.4) for error correction and combined with Non-uniform modulation which is the result of modification of the subcarrier arrangement of the OFDM standard IEEE 802.11a. Modeling uses 52 subcarriers consisting of 4 pilots and 48 subcarrier data which are divided into three parts, i.e.: 24 subcarrier data with 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) modulation, 12 subcarrier data with Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and 12 other data subcarriers with Binary key-shift keying (BPSK) modulation. The channel type used describes the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) condition and is the result of measurement data. The analysis is done in terms of Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) show that the value of the error rate of 0.001, modulation of BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and Non-uniform modulation required the power each 5 dB, 8.5 dB, 10.3 dB, and 7.9 dB. However, the proposed system is able to suppress the required power up to 6 dB. The proposed system also shows better performance than fixed modulation and Non-uniform Modulation, which in this case with low power to achieve the same error rate. In addition, the proposed system has a coding gain of 1.9 dB compared to a non-uniform modulation system. Real testing is also done with measurement data at Mangrove estuary, Surabaya. The results show performance similar to simulations performed on Gaussian noise channels.
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Kansal, Lavish, Gurjot Singh Gaba, Naveen Chilamkurti, and Byung-Gyu Kim. "Efficient and Robust Image Communication Techniques for 5G Applications in Smart Cities." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133986.

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A wide range of multimedia applications must be supported by the modern fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems for realizing the diverse applications in smart cities. The diverse applications such as real-time monitoring of roads, smart homes, smart industries, etc., for a sustainable smart city emphasizes a robust and efficient image transmission. In this paper, the influence of maximal ratio combining (MRC) on the reception of images with different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) versions is studied. The different OFDM versions considered here are the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based OFDM and discrete cosine transform (DCT) based OFDM. A comparison between diverse modulation levels for the images transmitted through different OFDM methodologies, along with variation in a number of receiving antennas for MRC, is proposed for additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. The diverse modulation levels used are binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-PSK, and 16-PSK. The parameters that are used to compare different versions of OFDM for MRC antenna configurations are signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. bit error rate (BER) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at the receiver as an estimation parameter for the received image quality.
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Wang, Hao-Yu, and Jyh-Ching Juang. "Retrieval of Ocean Surface Wind Speed Using Reflected BPSK/BOC Signals." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172698.

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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become a valuable resource as a remote sensing technique. In the past decade, the use of reflected GNSS signals for sensing the Earth, also known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has grown rapidly. On the other hand, with the continuous development of GNSS, multi-frequency multi-modulation signals have been used to enhance not only positioning performance, but also remote sensing applications. It is known that for some constellations, navigation satellites broadcast signals employing BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) modulation and BOC (binary offset carrier) modulation at the same frequency band. This paper proposes a new GNSS-R measurement, called a composite delay-Doppler map (cDDM), by utilizing the received reflected GNSS signals with different modulation techniques for the purpose of retrieving wind speed. The GNSS-R receiver can receive BPSK and BOC signals simultaneously at the same frequency band (e.g., GPS III L1 C/A and L1C or QZSS L1 C/A and L1C) and process the signals to generate GNSS-R measurements. Exploration of the observable features extracted from the composite DDM and the wind speed retrieval algorithm are also provided. The simulation verifies the proposed method under a configuration that is specified for the orbital and instrument specification of the upcoming TRITON mission.
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45

Yen, Chih-Ta, and Guan-Jie Huang. "Optical steganography transmission of optical CDMA signals over a public BPSK channel." Engineering Computations 33, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 1810–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2015-0253.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new optical steganography framework that can be applied to public optical binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) systems by transmitting a stealth spectrum-amplitude-coded optical code-division multiple-access signal through a BPSK link. Design/methodology/approach – By using high-dispersion elements, the stealth data pulses temporally stretch and the amplitude of the signal decreases after stretching. Thus, the signal can be hidden underneath the public signal and system noise. At the receiver end, a polarizer is used for removing the public BPSK signal and the stealth signal is successfully recovered by a balanced detector. Findings – In a simulation, the bit-error rate (BER) performance improved when the stealth power increased. Research limitations/implications – The BER performance worsens when the noise power become large. Future work will consider increasing the system performance during high-noise power situation. Practical implications – By properly adjusting the power of the amplified spontaneous emission noise, the stealth signal can be hidden well in the public channel while producing minimal influence on the public BPSK signal. Originality/value – In conclusion, the proposed optical steganography framework makes it more difficult for eavesdroppers to detect and intercept the hidden stealth channel under public transmission, even when using a dispersion compensation scheme.
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Llerena Pintag, Andrea Magali, Mónica Andrea Zabala Haro, Mayra Alejandra Pacheco Cunduri, Byron Andres Casignia Vasconez, and Mayra Alejandra Oñate Andino. "Evaluación del rendimiento de la modulación Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) versus la señal Civil GPS/L1." Ciencia Digital 3, no. 3 (July 7, 2019): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v3i3.626.

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En este artículo se realiza una comparación de evaluación del rendimiento de las técnicas de modulación de señales satelitales de GPS L1, Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) vs. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). Se realiza un análisis del estado del arte del sistema de posicionamiento GPS desde su lanzamiento hasta la actualidad. El desarrollo de la simulación se realiza utilizando el software matemático Matlab y se analizaron parámetros para la generación y acondicionamiento de la señal satelital civil de GPS L1, para ser codificada mediante el codificador convolucional (2, 1, 3) y modulada con BOC antes de ser enviada al canal de transmisión. En la etapa de trasmisión se analizaron dos canales de desvanecimiento tipo Rayleigh y Rician. En su etapa de resultados se detallan los gráficos y tablas de los datos obtenidos por la simulación para evaluar el rendimiento del canal en función de los parámetros BER y SNR.
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Chauhan, Sonali, Rajan Miglani, Lavish Kansal, Gurjot Singh Gaba, and Mehedi Masud. "Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Free Space Optical Links for Developing State-of-the-Art Smart City Framework." Photonics 7, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040132.

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In this paper, we have investigated and reported the performance of free-space optical (FSO) links operating in adverse atmospheric conditions. Since FSO links share operational similarity with fiber communication; hence, we believe that a cost-effective FSO framework can play a significant role in the transparent integration of high-speed network access backbones with the end-users. Different modulation formats, complemented with spatial diversity techniques, are discussed in this paper to strategize performance optimization of FSO links. Using bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as performance metrics, it was found that binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) qualifies as the best technique modulation technique delivering SNR gain of 10 dB over on–off keying (OOK) operating link under similar channel conditions. Further performance optimization was achieved using space diversity reception wherein SNR witnessed a gain of 3 dB gain over the single-channel FSO link. In terms of application, the proposed model can help in developing a citizen-centric smart city ecosystem that can support seamless communication between heterogeneous smart devices.
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Saab, Samer S., Joe Khalife, and Rayana H. Jaafar. "A Multiple-Access Time and Frequency Spectrum-Spreading Modulation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8920746.

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In this paper a novel modulation scheme called Carrier Interleaved Multiple Access (CIMA) is proposed. CIMA provides an alternative for multiple-access modulation accommodating resistance to noise and channel interference. The approach is based on polar signaling modulated with an FM-like composite sinusoidal function. The user assigned frequency deviation and modulation index are strictly related and unique. The latter parameters are generated using a nontraditional pseudorandom noise generator (PRNG). This PRNG provides CIMA with low interference capability between cochannels and adjacent channels. CIMA can be considered for a single-user or multiple-access technique. Selected CIMA characteristics are presented. In order to numerically illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme, the performance of CIMA is compared with the conventional direct-sequence spread spectrum binary phase-shift keying (DSSS-BPSK) modulation.
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Ahmed, Aliyu, and Adeyemi Abel Ajibesin. "Performance of Modulation Techniques over AWGN and Multipath Fading Channels." Advances in Science and Technology 107 (June 28, 2021): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.107.182.

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The essence of my paper is to intricately look at data transfer with various modulation techniques over various communication channels. And run simulations to uncover the Bit Error Rate (BER) of various relevant scenarios. I will evaluate the performance of modulation techniques from Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK or 2PSK) to 16PSK and other modulation techniques with the consideration of time. Their performance will be evaluated and analyzed by calculating their probability of bit error rate (BER) versus the Energy per bit to spectral noise density (Eb/No) over various wireless channel models such as the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Rayleigh channel and Ricean channel. My simulation results will graphically display the effective performance of each communication scenario; it will give us a better understanding of why performances of data communications techniques.
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Gamal, Heba, Nour Eldin Ismail, M. R. M. Rizk, Mohamed E. Khedr, and Moustafa H. Aly. "A Coherent Performance for Noncoherent Wireless Systems Using AdaBoost Technique." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020256.

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Abstract:
Boosting is a machine learning approach built upon the idea of producing a highly precise prediction rule by combining many relatively weak and imprecise rules. The Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm was the first practical boosting algorithm. It remains one of the most broadly used and studied, with applications in many fields. In this paper, the AdaBoost algorithm is utilized to improve the bit error rate (BER) of different modulation techniques. By feeding the noisy received signal into the AdaBoost algorithm, it is able to recover the transmitted data from the noisy signal. Consequently, it reconstructs the constellation diagram of the modulation technique. This is done by removing the noise that affects and changes the signal space of the data. As a result, AdaBoost shows an improvement in the BER of coherently detected binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). The AdaBoost is next used to improve the BER of the noncoherent detection of the used modulation techniques. The improvement appears in the form of better results of the noncoherent simulated BER in comparison to that of the theoretical noncoherent BER. Therefore, the AdaBoost algorithm is able to achieve a coherent performance for the noncoherent system. The AdaBoost is simulated for several techniques in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels so, as to verify the improving effect of the AdaBoost algorithm.
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