Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Binary Spray and Wait / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Binary Spray and Wait.

Journal articles on the topic 'Binary Spray and Wait'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Binary Spray and Wait.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Jain, Sweta, and Meenu Chawla. "Evaluation of Spray Based Routing Approaches in Delay Tolerant Networks." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 10, no. 4 (2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v10i4.117.

Full text

Abstract:

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) are mobile ad-hoc networks in which connections are often disruptive or discontinuous. Data forwarding using an appropriate routing strategy is a highly confronting issue in such networks. The traditional ad-hoc routing protocols which require end-to-end connectivity fail to function here due to frequent occurrences of network partitions. Spray and Wait (SaW) routing algorithm is a popular controlled replication based DTN protocol which provides a better delivery performance balancing the average delay and overhead ratio. An empirical analysis of various spray based approaches that have been proposed for DTN has been performed in this paper to compare and evaluate the basic Spray and Wait algorithms (Source Spray and Wait and Binary Sprayand Wait) with some of its major improvements (Spray andFocus, Average Delivery Probability Binary Spray and Wait and Composite methods to improve Spray and Wait). The main aim of this comparative study is to verify the effect of utility metrics in spray based routing protocols over simple spray based approaches. The ONE simulator has been used to provide a simulation environment to evaluate these algorithms and generate results. The performance metrics used are delivery ratio (DR), overhead ratio (OR) and average latency (ALat). The simulation results show that in terms of delivery ratio and average latency, Composite methods to improve Spray and Wait which incorporates delivery predictability metric in the wait phase and also acknowledgements to delete already deliveredmessages from a node’s buffer, outperforms all the other variants compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Adhiguna, Bima, Tody Ariefianto Wibowo, and Leanna Vidya Yovita. "Analisis Performansi Modifikasi Binary Spray and Wait menggunakan Prophet pada DTN." JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO 6, no. 3 (2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v6n3.391.2017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Das, Priyanka, Prosenjit Chowdhury, Bikash Poudel, and Tanmay De. "Fibonary Spray and Wait Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.10361.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Although there has been a tremendous rise in places being connected through the Internet or any other network protocol, there still lie areas, which remain out of reach due to various reasons. For all such places the answer is a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). A DTN is such a network where there is no fixed or predefined route for messages and no such guarantee whatsoever of all messages being correctly routed. DTN can be considered as a superset of networks wherein other networks such as adhoc, mobile, vehicular etc. form the subset. Therefore routing in DTN is a very chancy affair where one has to maximize on the present network scenarios to get any fruitful result other than depending on past information. Also protocols here need to be less complex and not increase the already high nodal overhead. In this paper we propose a new approach, the Fibonary Spray and Wait, which does exactly this. It forwards copies of a message in a modified Binary Spray and Wait manner so that it performs well even in non independent and identically distributed node structure. We have supported our statements with mathematical as well as simulation analysis.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Das, Priyanka, Prosenjit Chowdhury, Bikash Poudel, and Tanmay De. "Fibonary Spray and Wait Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3205-3216.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Although there has been a tremendous rise in places being connected through the Internet or any other network protocol, there still lie areas, which remain out of reach due to various reasons. For all such places the answer is a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). A DTN is such a network where there is no fixed or predefined route for messages and no such guarantee whatsoever of all messages being correctly routed. DTN can be considered as a superset of networks wherein other networks such as adhoc, mobile, vehicular etc. form the subset. Therefore routing in DTN is a very chancy affair where one has to maximize on the present network scenarios to get any fruitful result other than depending on past information. Also protocols here need to be less complex and not increase the already high nodal overhead. In this paper we propose a new approach, the Fibonary Spray and Wait, which does exactly this. It forwards copies of a message in a modified Binary Spray and Wait manner so that it performs well even in non independent and identically distributed node structure. We have supported our statements with mathematical as well as simulation analysis.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Yadav, Pavan, and Shweta Jain. "Modified Spray Phase to Improve Performance of Binary Spray and Wait Routing Protocol in Delay Tolerant Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 97, no. 4 (2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/16994-7116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hossen, Md Sharif, and Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim. "On the Performance of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks." Rajshahi University Journal of Science and Engineering 43 (December 31, 2015): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujse.v43i0.26177.

Full text

Abstract:

Delay-Tolerant Networks are used to enable communication in challenging environments where nodes are intermittently connected, and an end-to-end path does not exist all the time between source and destination, e.g., Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs). Therefore, network environments, where the nodes are characterized by opportunistic connectivity, are appropriately modeled as Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs). In this paper, we have investigated the performance of DTN routing protocols, namely Epidemic, PRoPHET, and Spray-and-Wait (Binary version) in an ICMN scenario. Their performances are analyzed in terms of delivery probability, average latency, and overhead ratio of varying message generation rates and number of mobile nodes, respectively. In addition, the impacts of varying buffer size and Time-to-Live (TTL) on their performances are investigated. For evaluating these performance metrics, we have used Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator as the simulation tool. The outcome of this work shows that for the ICMN scenario, the best DTN routing technique is Binary Spray-and-Wait, whereas Epidemic routing exhibits the worst performance in terms of all the metrics considered here.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zhang, Shanshan, Jingfeng Xue, Changzhen Hu, and Yong Wang. "Binary Spray and Wait Routing Based on the Remaining Life Time of Message in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensor Letters 11, no. 9 (2013): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2013.3040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Roy, Sujan Chandra, Farhana Enam, and Md Ashraful Islam. "Performance Evaluation of Social Routing Protocols Based on the Effect of Delivery Ratio and Average Hop Count in Delay-tolerant Networks (DTN)." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 12 (2019): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.12.1696.

Full text

Abstract:

Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are part of Opportunistic networks. In the case of opportunistic networks, the joined node of a network can have zero or partial knowledge about other nodes in a network. For this reason, the evident information towards the nodes in the existing network is most difficult to collect for forwarding the message. The application of Opportunistic networks is where have a high tolerance for long delays, high error rate, etc. DTNs are also sparse dynamic Ad-hoc networks were source to destination path does not present all-time for successfully message transmission. As DTN has no end-to-end path for message transmission source to destination node so, the routing design is so sophisticated. The social-based routing protocol is developed to improve the routing mechanism by focusing on social behavior and the interaction with the nodes of a network. Consequently, the performance analysis of existing several DTN routing protocols represents a significant role in designing or developing a new routing protocol for a specific scenario. This article investigates the execution of ordinary routing protocols of DTNs such as Epidemic, Binary Spray and Wait (BSNW), including two social-based routing protocols such as Scorp and dLife using Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. The performance of these routing protocols is measured based on delivery ratio and average hop count with inevitable simulation settings. From the simulation result, it is condensed that for higher delivery ratio, BSNW is best, and for average hop count, dLife is the best routing protocol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hyun, Sung-Su, Hyeon-Jin Jeong, and Seoung-Sik Choi. "Hybrid Spray and Wait Routing Protocol in DTN." Journal of Internet Computing and Services 15, no. 3 (2014): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7472/jksii.2014.15.3.53.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pandya, Vyomal, and Shruti Bhargava Choubey. "Adaptive Spray and Wait Protocol for Vehicular DTN." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.16 (2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.16.11504.

Full text

Abstract:

Because of high speed of vehicles, short contact durations and rapid changes in topology occurs in Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks(VDTNs). This will generates few transmission opportunities and high and unpredictable delay. This problem can be solved by different routing protocol of VDTN . The VDTN protocol can be divided as single copy and multicopy. In single copy protocol the node is allowed to generate the unique copy of message and forward it on a unique path.The multi copy protocols generate and transmit the multiple copies of each message and forward it along various paths. If more number of copy spread in network there are more chances for successful transmission. The objective of paper is to improve performance of VDTN by modifying existing Spray and Wait protocol. In this paper we provide proposed algorithm for modify spray and wait protocol for improving delivery probability with different number of message copy. The modifications based on stored number of message copies at source/rely nodes and encountered nodes ratio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Derakhshanfard, Nahideh, Masoud Sabaei, and Amir Masoud Rahmani. "Sharing spray and wait routing algorithm in opportunistic networks." Wireless Networks 22, no. 7 (2015): 2403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-1105-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ramesh, S., and P. Ganesh Kumar. "Spray and Wait Routing With Agents in Intermittently Connected MANETs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence 6, no. 2 (2013): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jai.2013.123.133.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Yu, Geng, Dong Fang Yuan, Yan Cui, Ying Dong Wang, and Ping Zong. "Research on Robustness of Typically Opportunistic Network Routing Algorithm under Flooding Attack." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2227.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper designed the evaluation method and the index system. Through simulating behavior of pedestrian with mobile intelligent Bluetooth devices in the real city scene and did a quantitative analysis about the effects of flooding attacks to opportunity network in the three aspects of transmission capacity, transmission efficiency and energy consumption of nodes , in order to evaluate Direct Delivery, Spray and Wait and MaxProp the three opportunity network routing algorithm’s robustness under the flooding attack results showed that Direct Deliven algorithm robustness is best, it can withstand flooding attacks completely, robustness of the Spray and Wait algorithm is the worst, their performance will decline more than 80% in some scenarios, the performance of MaxProp algorithm under flood attacks will decrease remarkably.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Sharma, Deepak Kumar, and Deepika Kukreja. "Establishing Reliability for Efficient Routing in Opportunistic Networks." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 20, no. 1 (2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v20i1.1479.

Full text

Abstract:

Opportunistic network (Oppnet) is a class of networks where connections between the nodes are not permanent. The nodes are continuously moving and some nodes even switch off their batteries to conserve energy. Reliable delivery of messages in Opportunistic network is one major inherent issue. It is unreliable in the sense that once the source node has forwarded its message, then it will never get to know about its status in the network like whether the message has got discarded at an intermediate node or at the destination node (due to buffer overflow) or the successful delivery of the message has taken place. This work tries to make Oppnet as much reliable as possible. It proposes a reliability protocol named as “Reliability in Oppnet” (RIO). RIO improves the routing in Oppnet and works in parallel with the existing routing protocols. It makes the source node aware about the status of message so that if an error occurs then the source node can take suitable action to resend the message. It considers the redirection error, buffer overflow error, Time Limit Exceeded (TLE), parameter problem and destination unreachable errors that may occur inside the network. RIO has been tested using ONE simulator and implemented with Spray and Wait routing protocol. Results show that the RIO with Spray and Wait protocol outperforms normal Spray and Wait protocol in terms of average message delivery probability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

ZHENG, En, and Qiu-xia LUO. "Spray and Wait routing based on ACK-mechanism in disruption tolerant networks." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 2 (2013): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.00367.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ababou, Mohamed, Rachid Elkouch, Mostafa Bellafkih, and Nabil Ababou. "New Strategy to Optimize the Performance of Spray and Wait Routing Protocol." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 6, no. 2 (2014): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2014.6205.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Yulianti, Deni, Satria Mandala, Dewi Nasien, Mohd Sharizal Sunar, A. Hanan Abdullah, and Abdul Samad Ismail. "A Survey of Spray-and-Wait Routing Protocol in Pocket Switched Network." Advanced Science Letters 20, no. 10 (2014): 2162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2014.5653.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kumar, Gireesh, Vineet Richhariya, and Vikram Rajput. "Erasure Encoding: A Technique to enhance performance over Spray and Wait Protocol." International Journal of Computer Applications 131, no. 15 (2015): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015907003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Al-Hinai, Aysha, Haibo Zhang, Yawen Chen, and Yidong Li. "TB-SnW: Trust-based Spray-and-Wait routing for delay-tolerant networks." Journal of Supercomputing 69, no. 2 (2014): 593–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1095-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Et. al., Puneet Garg,. "Performance Comparison of Fresh and Spray & Wait Protocol through ONE Simulator." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (2021): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.369.

Full text

Abstract:

Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are becoming the prime interest for researchers day-by-day due to the large scope of further research into it. An opportunistic network is used to transmit data in an environment of intermittent connectivity. OppNet offers a variety of routing protocols based on different strategies. Each protocol has some pros and cons. Among the available ones, Fresh Routing Protocol and Spray-and-wait Routing Protocol are the most efficient routing protocols in terms of performance during data transmission. This paper aims to compare these two different routing protocols through simulation on the ground of standard performance metrics. It is believed that this simulation comparison will help upcoming researchers in the selection of appropriate routing protocol as per their requirement

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Takahashi, Kosuke, Mitsumasa Ikeda, Masato Mikami, and Naoya Kojima. "521 Flame behavior of miscible-binary-fuel spray." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2006.44 (2006): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2006.44.211.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Guan, Jianfeng, Qi Chu, and Ilsun You. "The Social Relationship Based Adaptive Multi-Spray-and-Wait Routing Algorithm for Disruption Tolerant Network." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1819495.

Full text

Abstract:

The existing spray-based routing algorithms in DTN cannot dynamically adjust the number of message copies based on actual conditions, which results in a waste of resource and a reduction of the message delivery rate. Besides, the existing spray-based routing protocols may result in blind spots or dead end problems due to the limitation of various given metrics. Therefore, this paper proposes a social relationship based adaptive multiple spray-and-wait routing algorithm (called SRAMSW) which retransmits the message copies based on their residence times in the node via buffer management and selects forwarders based on the social relationship. By these means, the proposed algorithm can remove the plight of the message congestion in the buffer and improve the probability of replicas to reach their destinations. The simulation results under different scenarios show that the SRAMSW algorithm can improve the message delivery rate and reduce the messages’ dwell time in the cache and further improve the buffer effectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

En WANG, Yongjian YANG, Xi CHEN, Chen SHEN, and LiYing HAN. "The Improved Algorithm of Spray and Wait Routing Protocol in Delay Tolerant Network." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 5, no. 7 (2013): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol5.issue7.29.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mehto, Anjula, and Meenu Chawla. "Modified Different Neighbor History Spray and Wait using PROPHET in Delay Tolerant Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 86, no. 18 (2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15088-3457.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Jiagao, Wu, Ye Ke, Zhu Yiji, and Liu Linfeng. "New spray and wait protocol with node activity in heterogeneous delay tolerant networks." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 22, no. 2 (2015): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(15)60640-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jain, Sweta, Meenu Chawla, Vasco N. G. J. Soares, and Joel J. Rodrigues. "Enhanced fuzzy logic-based spray and wait routing protocol for delay tolerant networks." International Journal of Communication Systems 29, no. 12 (2014): 1820–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.2796.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mehta, Namita, and Mehul Shah. "Human-Mobility-Based Spray and Wait: Efficient Routing Protocol for Pocket Switched Networks." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 9, no. 1 (2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2016.9.1.02.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kokkinou, Alinda, and David A. Cranage. "Why wait? Impact of waiting lines on self-service technology use." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 6 (2015): 1181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2013-0578.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of waiting lines on customers’ decisions between using a self-service alternative and using a service employee. As self-service technologies are expensive and time-consuming to design and implement, service providers need to understand what drives customers to use them. Service operators have the most control over waiting lines and flexibility in expanding capacity, either by adding service employees or by adding self-service kiosks. Design/methodology/approach – The study used online scenario-based surveys following a 4 (number of customers waiting for the self-service technology) × 4 (number of customers waiting for the service employee) design. A binary dependent variable was used to record participants’ choice of service delivery alternative. Findings – Using logistic regression, the authors found that customers are increasingly motivated to use self-service technology as the waiting line for the service employee grows longer. This effect is influenced by perceived usefulness, anticipated quality of the self-service technology, need for interaction and technology anxiety. Research limitations/implications – This study should be replicated in a real-world setting where actual behavior, and not only intention, can be measured. Practical implications – The study provides guidance on how service providers can design their service to take advantage of the motivating effect of waiting lines on usage of self-service technology. Originality/value – The present study is the first to combine a scenario-based experiment with a binary dependent variable to isolate the impact of waiting lines on the choice between using a self-service technology and using a service employee. The use of the binary dependent variable overcomes the ambiguity of extrapolating from a continuous measure of intention to draw conclusions about behavior, a binary variable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Khan, Md Khalid Mahbub, Kawsaruzzaman Kawsaruzzaman, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Al Imtiaz, and Al Imtiaz. "The Impact of Node Density and Buffer Size on DTN Routing Protocols with Energy Efficiency." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 9 (2020): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2104.

Full text

Abstract:

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture comprises of portable devices known as nodes, considered a resource-limited networking system. These nodes in DTN utilize the ‘Store Carry and Forward’ approach to route data since the end to end connections are absent here due to a large number of constant intermittent connectivity. The energy quantity of nodes is restricted because limited-lifetime rechargeable batteries drive them. Accordingly, energy is an essential resource in DTN scenarios. For efficient network performance, including proper energy usage, nodes need to expense a minimum amount of energy. For this reason, it is essential to select an energy-efficient forwarding strategy and exhibit excellent performance among existent forwarding approaches in the DTN environment for routing messages effectively. In this paper, we have studied the energy efficiency of conventional DTN routing protocols: Epidemic, Spray and Wait, Spray and Focus, MaxProp, and PRoPHET on the impact of varying both buffer size and node density. We analyzed their energy consumption and compared their performance based on five performance metrics: average remaining energy, delivery ratio, average delay, transmission cost, and average hop count, respectively. Using ONE simulator, we performed a simulation with varying node density (while buffer size is fixed) and varying buffer size (while node density is fixed). From the outcomes of simulation, we found that Spray and Wait are the most energy-efficient DTN routing protocols. On the contrary, Spray and Focus possessed as the best performer in terms of average hop count, average delay, delivery ratio and transmission cost among conventional DTN routing protocols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Liang, Yujia, Ryan Felix, Howard Glicksman, and Sheryl Ehrman. "Cu-Sn binary metal particle generation by spray pyrolysis." Aerosol Science and Technology 51, no. 4 (2016): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2016.1265912.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kim, Eung-Hyup, Myung-Ki Lee, and You-Ze Cho. "Probability-Based Message Forwarding Scheme with Buffer Management for Spray and Wait Routing Protocol." KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems 5, no. 7 (2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/ktccs.2016.5.7.153.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ababou, Mohamed, Rachid Elkouch, Mostafa Bellafkih, and Nabil Ababou. "Impact of Mobility Models on Supp-Tran Optimized DTN Spray and Wait Routing Protocol." International Journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics 4, no. 2 (2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmnct.2014.4202.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wang, Guizhu. "An Adaptive Spray and Wait Routing Algorithm Based on Capability of Node in DTN." Journal of Information and Computational Science 11, no. 6 (2014): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12733/jics20103282.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pingali, Kalyana C., Shuguang Deng, and David A. Rockstraw. "Synthesis of Nanowires by Spray Pyrolysis." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/683280.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanowires of carbon as well as nickel-carbon (Ni-C) were synthesized by spray-pyrolysis. The carbon nanowires were synthesized using methanol as a precursor while the Ni-C nanowires were obtained by using nickel chloride methanol solution as feed. It was found that low argon carrier gas flow rates (<100 cm3/min) and suitable reaction temperatures (∼700∘C) were found to be critical for the formation of wired structures. The formation of nanowires was quite sensitive to reaction temperature. Nanowires could not form at temperatures higher than900∘C in the presence of hexane. Ruthenium chloride and nickel chloride dissolved in hexane and methanol resulted in carbon coated binary metallic nanoparticles. Morphological differences of carbon nanowires, Ni-C wires and carbon coated binary nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The formation mechanism for the wired structures is proposed to explain the structural results obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kim, Hyung Jun, D. H. Jung, J. H. Jang, and Chang Hee Lee. "Study on Metal/Diamond Binary Composite Coatings by Cold Spray." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.441.

Full text

Abstract:

Metal/diamond binary composite coatings on Al substrate without grit blasting were deposited by cold spray process with in-situ powder preheating. Microstructural characterization of the as-sprayed coatings with different diamond size, strength and with/without Ti coating on diamond was carried out by OM and SEM. The assessment of basic properties such as tensile bond strength and hardness of the coatings, and the deposition efficiency was also carried out. Particular attention on the composite coatings was on the diamond fracture phenomenon during the cold spray deposition and the interface bonding between the diamond and the Fe-based metal matrix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dai, Chenqu, Jianbo Li, Lei You, and Jixing Xu. "An Improved Spray and Wait Routing Algorithm Based on Node Performance in Delay Tolerant Networks." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 19 (2013): 5036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.5036.5043.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

., Shally. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RAPID AND SPRAY-AND-WAIT DTN ROUTING PROTOCOLS UNDER BLACK HOLE ATTACK." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 01 (2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0301007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Li, Jianbo, Shan Jiang, Youmei Song, Jixing Xu, and Yan Wang. "A MULTI-SCHEME ADAPTIVE ROUTING ALGORTHM BASED ON SPRAY AND WAIT FOR DALAY TOLERANT NETWORKS." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 8, no. 4 (2015): 2136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-846.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Han, Jie, Lun Tang, and Xiao Qin Gu. "A Directional Forward Routing Protocol Based on Spray and Wait in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2442.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) attracts more and more attention. VANET is a special Mobile Ad Hoc Network, the network suffers from high mobility so that the end-to-end path may not exist all the time. First, this paper proposed the improvement of spray phase, combined with the real situation of VANET. Second, we choose the best performance of neighbor node as next hop in forward phase. Third, it has an available buffer management mechanism to increase packet delivery ratio and reduce the overhead. The Simulation results show that DFSB routing can significantly enhance packet delivery ratio and decrease routing delay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Vitale, Salvatore, Reed Essick, Erik Katsavounidis, Sergey Klimenko, and Gabriele Vedovato. "On similarity of binary black hole gravitational-wave skymaps: to observe or to wait?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 466, no. 1 (2016): L78—L82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw239.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Padhye, Sonali R., and Judith K. Groninger. "Influence of Benzyladenine, Trinexapac-ethyl, or Uniconazole Applications on Height and Tillering of Six Ornamental Grasses." HortTechnology 19, no. 4 (2009): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.4.737.

Full text

Abstract:

Three ornamental grasses, each within the families Cyperaceae [leatherleaf sedge (Carex buchananii), ‘Frosted Curls’ sedge (Carex comans), and ‘Toffee Twist’ sedge (Carex flagellifera)] and Poaceae [‘Rosea’ pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), ‘Gracillimus’ miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis), and muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris)], received two foliar sprays 2 weeks apart of benzyladenine (BA) at 500 or 1000 mg·L−1, trinexapac-ethyl (TE) at 220 mg·L−1, or uniconazole at 20 or 40 mg·L−1. The influence of these spray applications on plant height and tiller number was assessed 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the initial treatment (WAIT). Benzyladenine applications did not suppress the height of leatherleaf sedge or ‘Gracillimus’ miscanthus, yet did suppress the height of the other ornamental grasses by <15% compared to the controls, depending on the concentration used and the time. Applications of BA increased tiller production only in ‘Toffee Twist’ sedge at 2 and 4 WAIT compared to the controls; however, at 8 WAIT, this increase was diminished. Depending on the species, uniconazole suppressed the height of the Cyperaceae grasses by 11% to 22% compared to the controls at 8 WAIT. In Poaceae species, uniconazole suppressed the height of only ‘Rosea’ pampas grass by up to 32% compared to the controls. Uniconazole applications did not increase the tillering of any ornamental grasses tested, except ‘Toffee Twist’ sedge at 8 WAIT. Within Cyperaceae, TE suppressed the height of only ‘Toffee Twist’ sedge compared to the controls, while TE effectively controlled the height of all Poaceae grasses. Based on the species and time, TE application elicited up to 37% height suppression compared to the controls of Poaceae grasses, while it did not influence the tiller number of any ornamental grasses in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rizvi, SA, L. Hernandez-Ronquillo, F. Moien-Afshari, G. Hunter, JF Tellez-Zenteno, and K. Waterhouse. "B.07 Evaluating the single seizure clinic model: findings from a Canadian centre." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (2016): S10—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.66.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The effect of the single seizure clinic (SSC) model on patient diagnosis, work-up, wait-times, and clinical care is poorly characterized. This study assesses patient characteristics and evaluates the impact of a SSC model on wait-times and access to care. Methods: A prospective study of all patients (n=200) referred to our SSC for first-seizure evaluation. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinicial variables were analyzed against a historical cohort. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict impact of dichotomized variables on diagnosis of epilepsy. Diagnostic concordance between SSC nurses and epileptologists was also assessed. Results: Predominant referral sources were emergency department physicians and general practitioners. Mean wait-time for first assessment was significantly reduced by 70.5% employing the SSC model versus historical usual care. A diagnosis was established at first-contact in 80.5% of cases while 16.0% of patients required a second visit. Eighty-two patients (41.0%) were diagnosed with epilepsy. The most common non-seizure diagnosis was syncope (24.0%). An abnormal EEG was found in 93.9% of patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Sixty-three patients were started on anti-epileptic drugs. In 18% of cases driving restrictions were initiated by the SSC. There was moderate correlation between SSC nurses and physicians (kappa=0.54; p<0.001) diagnoses. Conclusions: The SSC model reduces wait-times, streamlines assessments, and impacts clinical care decisions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Oham, Chuka, and Milena Radenkovic. "Congestion Aware Spray and Wait Protocol: A Congestion Control Mechanism for the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 7, no. 6 (2015): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2015.7607.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cui, Jianqun, Shuqin Cao, Yanan Chang, Libing Wu, Dan Liu, and Yi Yang. "An Adaptive Spray and Wait Routing Algorithm Based on Quality of Node in Delay Tolerant Network." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 35274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904750.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Cheng, Long, Weiwei Jiao, Min Chen, Canfeng Chen, and Jian Ma. "Wait, focus and spray: efficient data delivery in wireless sensor networks with ubiquitous mobile data collectors." Telecommunication Systems 52, no. 4 (2011): 2503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-011-9569-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Wu, Libing, Shuqin Cao, Yanjiao Chen, Jianqun Cui, and Yanan Chang. "An adaptive multiple spray-and-wait routing algorithm based on social circles in delay tolerant networks." Computer Networks 189 (April 2021): 107901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107901.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zeigerson-Katz, Michal, and Eran Sher. "SPRAY FORMATION BY FLASHING OF A BINARY MIXTURE: A PARAMETRIC STUDY." Atomization and Sprays 8, no. 3 (1998): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v8.i3.20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

JANG, Hee Dong, Hankwon CHANG, and Kikuo OKUYAMA. "Synthesis of Binary Component Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis." RESOURCES PROCESSING 54, no. 1 (2007): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj.54.9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Inaoka, Hajime, Satoshi Yukawa, and Nobuyasu Ito. "Spray flow-network flow transition of binary Lennard-Jones particle system." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 389, no. 13 (2010): 2500–2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2010.02.035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Orian, G., M. Jelinek, and A. Levy. "Spray formation of binary organic solution for an absorption refrigeration system." Applied Thermal Engineering 26, no. 8-9 (2006): 872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!