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Constantinides, Helena. "Binaural hearing and auditory training." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424068.
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Luo, Zhengwei. "Beamforming for binaural hearing aids." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28170.
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Binaural hearing aids making use of a wireless link are becoming a trend in hearing-aids design. However, it is still not clear how much gain can be obtained in complex real-life acoustic environments when using binaural hearing aids compared to monaural ones, and whether binaural hearing aids are worth the additional effort and complexity. This thesis aims to provide some answers to this question. In particular, it will compare the performance of different microphone array configurations, study the effects of using different head models for fixed beamforming design, assess the effect of head model mismatch and direction of arrival information mismatch, investigate methods to preserve the binaural cues, evaluate combinations of fixed binaural beamforming followed by other noise reduction algorithms, and assess the performance of the different algorithms using both classical beamforming metrics and objective measures related to speech quality and intelligibility.
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Shanley, Robyn Allen Rose. "Binaural Interference in Normal Hearing Children." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1867.
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Alomari, Hala M. "Binaural hearing with bone conduction stimulation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370832/.
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It has been argued that apparent masking-level differences (MLDs) in users of bilateral bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHAs) provide evidence of binaural hearing. However, there is considerably less acoustical isolation between the two ears with bone conduction (BC) compared to air conduction (AC). The apparent MLDs may have arisen, at least in part, from inter-cranial interference between signals arising from the two BAHAs (i.e. monaural effect). That might also explain some of the inter-individual variation in both the magnitude and the direction of the MLDs reported in BAHA users. The present study was composed of three experimental stages with the main aim to investigate the influence of interference in normal hearing participants by measuring masking level difference in AC and BC to explore the conditions contributing to the reported variation. An additional aim was to investigate the performance of a newly designed BC transducer; the balanced electromagnetic separation transducer (BEST), for bone conduction research as well as more general clinical use. Stage 1 evaluated the performance of the BEST in comparison to the clinically used RadioEar B71 in a series of acoustical (sensitivity and harmonic distortion) and psychoacoustical (hearing thresholds and vibrotactile thresholds) measurements. The results from these studies led to the use of the BEST in the second and third stages because they produced significantly lower harmonic distortion at low frequencies (mainly 250 Hz). The psychoacoustic measurements alluded to the need to use different calibration values with the BESTs. Stage 2 was a preliminary investigation comparing the MLDs with standard bilateral configurations between the AC and BC in nine normal-hearing participants. Signals were pure tones at one of three frequencies (250, 500, 1000 Hz), presented via AC or BC. Broadband noise (100- 5000 Hz) was always presented via AC at 70 dB SPL. Thresholds were estimated using a three-alternative forced choice procedure combined with an adaptive staircase. Transducers used were insert earphones and the BESTs for BC testing. The results from this stage showed a statistical significant difference between AC and BC MLDs at 250, 500 and 1000 Hz (mean difference is 9.4, 6.6 and 3.5 dB respectively). Evidence of the change in the MLDs direction is observed at 250 Hz in three participants. Stage 3 consisted of the investigation of inter-cranial interference in eighteen normal hearing participants. This stage was composed of three main measurements. The first measurement compared the AC and BC MLDs at three test frequencies. The second measurement evaluated the transcranial attenuation (TA). The third measurement was the novel feature of the study it evaluated the monaural interference effect through the measurement of the diotic and dichotic conditions in one test ear. A significant discrepancy was found between the AC and BC MLDs of approximately 6, 1.5 and 2.5 dB at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, respectively. The TA was found to be lower than 10 dB at the three test frequencies. Measurable MTLDs were reported in some of the participants, high inter-subject variability was observed in the direction of the MTLDs. The BEST can reliably replace the B71 in clinical setup. Formal adjustment of the reference equivalent threshold force levels is advised. Binaural hearing was achieved through bilateral BC stimulation to a lesser magnitude compared to AC MLDs in normal hearing participants. The discrepancy between the AC and BC MLDs was reduced with the increase in the frequency. The discrepancy can partially be explained by the cross-talk of the signal in one ear. The results showed that in some participants the magnitude of the monaural tone level difference was similar to the magnitude of the BC MLD. Further investigation is recommended to investigate the association of the transcranial delay with the discrepancy between the AC and BC MLDs. This investigation also recommends the investigation of the AC and BC MLDs in patients fitted with bilateral BAHAs.
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Sollini, Joseph A. "Behavioural and neural correlates of binaural hearing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13739/.
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The work in this thesis involves two separate projects. The first project involves the behavioural measurement of auditory thresholds in the ferret (Mustela Putorius). A new behavioural paradigm using a sound localisation task was developed which produces reliable psychophysical detection thresholds in animals. Initial attempts to use the task failed and after further investigation improvements were made. These changes produced a task that successfully produced reliably low thresholds. Different methods of testing, and the number of experimental trials required, here then explored systemically. The refined data collection method was then used to investigate frequency resolution in the ferret. These data demonstrated that the method was suitable for measuring perceptual frequency selectivity. It revealed that the auditory filters of ferrets are broader than several other species. In some cases this was also broader than neural estimates would suggest. The second project involved the measurement of neural data in the Guinea Pig (Cavia porecellus). More specifically the project aimed to test the ability of the primary auditory cortex (AI) to integrate high frequency spatial cues. Two experiments were required to elucidate these data. The first experiment demonstrated a relationship between frequency and space, though these data proved noisy. A second experiment was conducted, focussing on improving the quality of the data this allowed for a more quantitative approach to be applied. The results highlighted that though AI neurons are responsive over a broad frequency range, inhibitory binaural interactions integrate spatial information over a smaller range. Binaural interactions were only strong when sounds in either ear were closely matched in frequency. In contrast, excitatory binaural interactions did not generally depend on the interaural frequency difference. These findings place important constraints on the across frequency integration of binaural level cues.
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Welker, Daniel Patrick. "A real-time binaural adaptive hearing aid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12043.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-103).
by Daniel Patrick Welker.
M.S.
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Desloge, Joseph Gilles. "Fixed-filter multimicrophone hearing aids with binaural output." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11670.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-161).
by Joseph Gilles Desloge.
M.S.
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Rubiano, Vivian Victoria, and Vivian Victoria Rubiano. "Estimating Nonorganic Hearing Thresholds Using Binaural Auditory Stimuli." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621140.
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The Stenger Principle describes the observation that when two tones of the same frequency are presented simultaneously, a single tone is perceived only in the ear in which the tone is louder. This principle underlies the Stenger Test, which is used to identify the presence of unilateral nonorganic hearing loss (NOHL). Minimum contralateral interference levels (MCILs), which can be used to estimate true hearing thresholds in individuals with unilateral NOHL, are also based on this principle. In this study, the Stenger Principle is used to examine MCILs and the correspondence of the MCILs to true hearing thresholds in 16 adults with normal hearing. In Part I of the study, subjects were asked to feign a unilateral hearing loss. Average MCILs were 12.5, 15.1, and 13.5 dB HL for 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz, respectively. These were obtained with nearly equal interaural stimulus levels. The average difference between MCIL and true hearing threshold was 7.6, 9.7, and 8.9 dB, respectively. In Part II of this study, subjects were asked to make lateralization judgments for simultaneously presented tones with varying interaural intensity differences. Individual subject ratings were compared to MCILs obtained in Part I. Although most subjects showed the Stenger Effect with a midline percept of the two tones, variability between subjects existed. In some cases the Stenger Effect was not apparent until the tonal image was pulled nearly to the "poor" ear. Because of the potential differences in response bias (a client may show the Stenger Effect with a small shift in the tonal signal away from the "good" ear or may require the tonal signal to be fully lateralized to the "poor" ear), clinicians cannot predict exact hearing thresholds. Rather, it is useful to describe a range within which the true threshold will be. The 90% ranges (5th and 95th percentiles) calculated in this study were approximately 1 and 17 dB. That is, the MCILs for the majority of the subjects were within ~ 1 and 17 dB of true hearing thresholds.
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Vaughan, Alison Anne. "Is binaural hearing accessible using bone conduction stimulation?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412644/.
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It may be assumed that people who rely on hearing via bone conduction (BC) are unable to benefit from the advantages of listening with two ears. Subtle differences in sound perceived at each ear enable a listener to enjoy improved hearing in certain situations, compared to listening with one ear only. When listening via BC, the two ears lack independence compared to air conduction (AC). However, a small number of studies provide evidence to the contrary, indicating that some people may have sufficient independence between the ears to enable at least some benefit. The low independence of the ears seen with BC is due to sound vibrations crossing over the skull and stimulating the opposite cochlea. The effect of BC vibrations inter-ear independence is likely to be influenced by differences in skull characteristics between individuals. It may be that some skulls afford sufficiently large inter-ear independence for the individual to benefit from listening with two ears. A set of three experiments were carried out, culminating in an ambitious experiment that has not, to the author's knowledge been previously reported. The main aim was to investigate inter-subject variation in inter-ear independence. The ability to take advantage of listening with both ears via BC was explored by measuring individual skull characteristics and lateralisation ability, using normal hearing subjects. But first, the behaviour of a recently designed bone vibrator (BV), the balanced electromagnetic separation transducer (BEST), was compared to the B71 with the aim of commenting on the suitably of the BEST for research and clinical use. Experiment 1 indicated that the BEST is suitable for research and clinical use and was used for Experiments 2 and 3. Experiment 2 showed high inter-subject variations in inter-ear independence and lateralisation ability. This indicates the possibility of sufficient inter-ear independence to allow people to benefit from listening with both ears via BC, although not as strongly as with AC. Experiment 3 repeated Experiment 2 using a refined method and with the addition of a deeper investigation in factors that influence inter-ear independence.
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Ellaham, Nicolas. "Binaural Speech Intelligibility Prediction and Nonlinear Hearing Devices." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31713.
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A new objective measurement system to predict speech intelligibility in binaural listening conditions is proposed for use with nonlinear hearing devices. Digital processing inside such devices often involves nonlinear operations such as clipping, compression, and noise reduction algorithms. Standard objective measures such as the Articulation Indeix (AI), the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) and the Speech Transmission Index (STI) have been developed for monaural listening. Binaural extensions of these measures have been proposed in the literature, essentially consisting of a binaural pre-processing stage followed by monaural intelligibility prediction using the better ear or the binaurally enhanced signal.
In this work, a three-stage extension of the binaural SII approach is proposed that deals with nonlinear acoustic input signals. The reference-based model operates as follows: (1) a stage to deal with nonlinear processing based on a signal-separation model to recover estimates of speech, noise and distortion signals at the output of hearing devices; (2) a binaural processing stage using the Equalization-Cancellation (EC) model; and (3) a stage for intelligibility prediction using the SII or the short-time Extended SII (ESII).
Multiple versions of the model have been developed and tested for use with hearing devices. A software simulator is used to perform hearing-device processing under various binaural listening conditions. Details of the modeling procedure are discussed along with an experimental framework for collecting subjective intelligibility data. In the absence of hearing-device processing, the model successfully predicts speech intelligibility in all spatial configurations considered. Varying levels of success were obtained using two simple distortion modeling approaches with different distortion mechanisms. Future refinements to the model are proposed based on the results discussed in this work.
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Marin, Jorge I. "Robust binaural noise-reduction strategies with binaural-hearing-aid constraints: design, analysis and practical considerations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44747.
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The objective of the dissertation research is to investigate noise reduction methods for binaural hearing aids based on array and statistical signal processing and inspired by a human auditory model. In digital hearing aids, wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) is the most successful technique to deal with monaural hearing losses. This WDRC processing is usually performed after a monaural noise reduction algorithm. When hearing losses are present in both ears, i.e., a binaural hearing loss, independent monaural hearing aids have been shown not to be comfortable for most users, preferring a processing that involves synchronization between both hearing devices. In addition, psycho-acoustical studies have identified that under hostile environments, e.g., babble noise at very low SNR conditions, users prefer to use linear amplification rather than WDRC. In this sense, the noise reduction algorithm becomes an important component of a digital hearing aid to provide improvement in speech intelligibility and user comfort. Including a wireless link between both hearing aids offers new ways to implement more efficient methods to reduce the background noise and coordinate processing for the two ears. This approach, called binaural hearing aid, has been recently introduced in some commercial products but using very simple processing strategies. This research analyzes the existing binaural noise-reduction techniques, proposes novel perceptually-inspired methods based on blind source separation (BSS) and multichannel Wiener filter (MWF), and identifies different strategies for the real-time implementation of these methods. The proposed methods perform efficient spatial filtering, improve SNR and speech intelligibility, minimize block processing artifacts, and can be implemented in low-power architectures.
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Hine, Jemma Elizabeth. "Free-field binaural unmasking in ferrets and humans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358701.
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Park, Munhum. "Models of binaural hearing for sound lateralisation and localisation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162297/.
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The current study suggests two models of binaural hearing, which aim to make predictions for inside- and outside-head localisation of a single sound source in the horizontal plane. Both models consider free-field ITDs and ILDs as the memory of sound localisation to which the target interaural disparity is compared. The first model, the characteristic-curve (CC) model acquires the best estimate of a source location by finding the nearest-neighbour of the target ITD and ILD in the characteristic curve of free-field interaural disparities. On the other hand, the second model, the pattern-matching (PM) model, assumes that the excitation-inhibition cell activity pattern suggested by Breebaart et al. [J. Acoust. S. Am., 110(2):1074-1088, 2001] provides the internal representation of the sound localisation cues. Given the uniqueness of EI-patterns, the pattern-matching process operates in each auditory frequency band to give an estimate of the sound source position, which is then frequency-weighted to finally establish the probability function of target location. In the two listening tests presented in the current study, it has been found that both models are capable of predicting many important features of human sound localisation. For example, the inside-head localisation (laterality) of dichotic pure tones has been reasonably well predicted at low source frequencies, 600 Hz and 1200 Hz, by the CC model individualised for each participant. In addition, the prediction of the PM model has been successfully compared to listening test results where the outside-head localisation of the participants was investigated for real and virtual acoustic sources. Given the simplicity and the originality in modelling the central processes of auditory spatial hearing, particularly in handling the ILD information of binaural signals, the predictive scope of the models is regarded as being worthy of further investigation. Furthermore, considering the reasonable predictions made for both lateralisation and localisation of acoustic stimuli, the models developed appear also to be well-suited to the computational evaluation of spatial audio systems.
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As'ad, Hala. "Binaural Beamforming with Spatial Cues Preservation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33168.
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In binaural hearing aids, several beamforming algorithms can be used. These beamformers aim to enhance the target speech signal and preserve the binaural cues of the target source (e.g. with constraints on the target). However, the binaural cues of the other directional sources as well the background noise are often lost after processing. This affects the global impression of the acoustic scene, and it limits the perceptual separation of the sources by the hearing aids users. To help the hearing aids users to localize all the sound sources, it is important to keep the binaural cues of all directional sources and the background noise. Therefore, this work is devoted to find the best trade-off between the noise/interferers reduction and the cues preservations not only for the directional interferers but also for the background noise based on selection and mixing processes. In this thesis, some classification decision algorithms, which are based on different criteria such as the power, the power difference, and the coherence, are proposed to complete the selection and mixing processes. Simulations are completed using recorded signals provided by a hearing aid manufacturer to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm under different realistic acoustic scenarios. After detailed testing using different complex acoustic scenarios and different beamforming configurations, the results indicate that some of the proposed classification decision algorithms show good promise, in particular the classification decision algorithm based on coherence.
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Wehr, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Robust Binaural Blind Source Separation in Hearing Aids / Stefan Wehr." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031844627/34.
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Nitschmann, Marc [Verfasser], and Birger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kollmeier. "Binaural spectral selectivity in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners / Marc Nitschmann. Betreuer: Birger Kollmeier." Oldenburg : IBIT - Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017796971/34.
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Ballantyne, Deborah. "An algorithm for the fitting of hearing aids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318218.
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Stephenson, Helen. "Sequelae in adults of childhood otitis media : binaural hearing and acoustic reflexes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240433.
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Lorenzi, Antoine. "Audition et démasquage binaural chez l'homme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT003/document.
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Contexte : Le démasquage binaural est un processus indispensable pour la compréhension en environnement bruyant. Ce mécanisme ferait intervenir la comparaison d’indices temporels et fréquentiels tout au long des voies nerveuses auditives. Cependant, il n’existe pas de réel consensus évoquant un traitement du démasquage à un niveau sous-cortical et/ou cortical. L’objet de cette étude est d’étudier ces indices temporels et fréquentiels du démasquage par le biais d’une étude perceptive, puis d’une étude électroencéphalographique (EEG). Matériels et méthodes : Une population normoentendante a été évaluée lors d’une étude perceptive visant à estimer l’importance du démasquage en fonction de 1) la largeur fréquentielle du bruit controlatéral (de 1 octave, 3 octaves ou à large bande), 2) la cohérence temporelle des bruits bilatéraux (corrélation égale à 0 ou 1) et 3) la fréquence des stimuli cibles (0,5, 1, 2 et 4 kHz). Puis, le démasquage a été évalué en EEG par l’étude 1) des latences précoces (<10 ms, PEA-P), 2) des latences tardives (<50 ms, PEA-T) et 3) de l’onde de discordance (PEA-MMN). Pour ces trois études EEG, l’influence de la cohérence temporelle des bruits bilatéraux a été explorée.Résultats : L’étude perceptive traduit un démasquage croissant lorsque la largeur fréquentielle du bruit controlatéral augmente. L’ajout du bruit controlatéral non corrélé (corrélation=0) se traduit par une amélioration de détection de 1,28 dB, quelle que soit la fréquence des stimuli cibles (antimasquage), alors que l’ajout d’un bruit controlatéral corrélé (corrélation=1) évoque une amélioration de détection lorsque la fréquence des stimuli cibles diminue (démasquage) : 0,97 dB à 4 kHz et 9,25 dB à 0,5 kHz. En PEA-P, les latences des ondes III et V se raccourcissent lorsqu’un bruit controlatéral corrélé ou non corrélé est ajouté (≈0,1 ms). En PEA-T, les amplitudes des ondes P1, N1 et des complexes P1N1 et N1P2 augmentent lorsqu’un bruit controlatéral corrélé ou non corrélé est ajouté. Enfin, l’amplitude de la MMN est plus conséquente lorsque le bruit controlatéral ajouté est corrélé (versus non corrélé). Conclusion : L’étude perceptive explicite l’importance des indices spectraux (antimasquage) et temporels (démasquage), pour améliorer la perception d’un signal initialement masqué. L’étude EEG suggère, quant à elle, un traitement sous-cortical influencé uniquement par les indices spectraux (antimasquage) et un traitement plus cortical influencé par les indices temporels (démasquage)Background: Binaural unmasking is an essential process for understanding in noisy environments. This mechanism would involve the comparison of time and frequency cues throughout the hearing nerve pathways. However, there is no real consensus evoking a treatment of a binaural masking release at a subcortical and/or a cortical level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the time and frequency cues of the binaural unmasking through a perceptual study, and then through an electroencephalographic study (EEG).Materials and Methods: Normal hearing people were evaluated with a perceptive study to estimate the importance of the binaural unmasking according to 1) the frequency width of the contralateral noise (1 octave, 3 octaves or broadband), 2) the temporal coherence of bilateral noises (correlation equal to 0 or 1) and 3) the frequency of the target stimuli (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz). Binaural unmasking was then evaluated with EEG by studying 1) early latencies (<10 ms, PEA-P), 2) late latencies (<50 ms, PEA-T) and 3), the mismatch wave (PEA- MMN). For these three EEG studies, the influence of the temporal coherence of bilateral noise was investigated.Results: The study shows a growing perceptive binaural unmasking when the frequency width of the contralateral noise increases. The addition of an uncorrelated contralateral noise (correlation = 0) results in a 1.28 dB detection enhancement, regardless of the frequency of the target stimuli (antimasking), while adding a contralateral correlated noise (correlation = 1) refers to a detection enhancement when the frequency of the target stimuli decreases (unmasking): 0.97 dB at 4 kHz and 9.25 dB at 0.5 kHz. The latencies of waves III and V are shortened when a contralateral correlated or uncorrelated noise is added (≈0,1 ms) in the PEA-P. The amplitudes of P1, N1 waves and P1N1 and N1P2 complex increase when contralateral correlated or uncorrelated noise is added in PEA-T. Finally, the amplitude of the MMN is higher when a contralateral correlated noise is added (versus an uncorrelated one).Conclusion: The perceptual study shows the significance of spectral cues (antimasking) and temporal cues (unmasking), to improve the perception of an initially masked signal. The EEG study suggests a subcortical treatment which is only influenced by spectral cues (antimasking) and a cortical processing, influenced by temporal cues (unmasking)
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Guo, Chen. "A study of detection models for narrowband reproducible noise." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21162.
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Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Binaural hearing studies focus on how binaural processing improves the extraction of information from one source in the presence of competing sources. The most extensively studied condition is the detection of an out-of-phase tonal signal in an interaurally identical, Gaussian masking noise, called the N0Spi condition. Recently, attention turned to the dependence of detection performance on individual waveforms in the context of random noise waveforms from trial to trial. This thesis addresses this dependence, as measured in experiments (Isabelle 1991, 1995) that estimated probabilities of detection (Pd) and false alarm (Pf) for each of 30, narrowband-noise waveforms in the N0Spi condition. In previous work, models were shown to describe average performance and much of the variation over Pd, but the variation of Pf across noise samples was not explained. The current study explores two approaches to understanding the variation of Pd and Pf with noise waveform. First, a metric based on Shannon entropy is evaluated with the entropy computed from a combination of Pd and Pf. Second, internal noise in the form of temporal jitter is incorporated into existing interaural differences models. Results show that the correlation of the variation of interaural differences with the entropy is slightly stronger than that correlation with Pd alone. Models based on variations in the interaural differences with temporal jitter included are neither better nor worse than those without temporal jitter. Overall, these results suggest that the variation with Pf as captured by the entropy can be explained by interaural difference models.
2031-01-01
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Picinali, Lorenzo. "The creation of a binaural spatialization tool." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4937.
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The main focus of the research presented within this thesis is, as the title suggests, binaural spatialization. Binaural technology and, especially, the binaural recording technique are not particu-larly recent. Nevertheless, the interest in this technology has lately become substantial due to the increase in the calculation power of personal computers, which started to allow the complete and accurate real-time simulation of three-dimensional sound-fields over headphones. The goals of this body of research have been determined in order to provide elements of novelty and of contribution to the state of the art in the field of binaural spatialization. A brief summary of these is found in the following list: • The development and implementation of a binaural spatialization technique with Distance Simulation, based on the individual simulation of the distance cues and Binaural Reverb, in turn based on the weighted mix between the signals convolved with the different HRIR and BRIR sets; • The development and implementation of a characterization process for modifying a BRIR set in order to simulate different environments with different characteristics in terms of frequency response and reverb time; • The creation of a real-time and offline binaural spatialization application, imple-menting the techniques cited in the previous points, and including a set of multichannel(and Ambisonics)-to-binaural conversion tools. • The performance of a perceptual evaluation stage to verify the effectiveness, realism, and quality of the techniques developed, and • The application and use of the developed tools within both scientific and artistic “case studies”. In the following chapters, sections, and subsections, the research performed between January 2006 and March 2010 will be described, outlining the different stages before, during, and after the development of the software platform, analysing the results of the perceptual evaluations and drawing conclusions that could, in the future, be considered the starting point for new and innovative research projects.
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Trapenskas, Donatas. "Binaural technology and issues related to sound quality analysis and spatial hearing /." Luleå, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2002/24.
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Alothman, Noura. "Binaural hearing with a synchronised bilateral cochlear implant system in adult users." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/398618/.
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Most bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users have horizontal sound-source localisation and speech perception in noise that is better than that of unilateral CI users and worse than that of normal-hearing listeners. The discrepancy between bilateral CI users and normal-hearing people is thought to partly represent technical limitations in current CI signal processing, which hinders the use of interaural time and level differences. One such limitation is the independent and unsynchronised signal processing in the two CIs. The Digisonic® SP Binaural (DSPB) CI aims to improve binaural hearing by providing synchronised processing of the acoustical inputs, using a single speech processor and two microphones. Two further studies have been published since the commencement of this research project on the spatial hearing ability of DSPB users. Although both these studies concluded that both horizontal sound-source localisation and speech perception in noise can be accessible though the DSPB CIs, consistently with what is provided by conventional bilateral CIs, these studies have some limitations that may have influenced their conclusions. For example, the way the localisation data of their subjects were analysed does not help to determine whether DSPB CI subjects can localise sounds at better than expected from guessing and whether their localisation ability is based on interaural cues or monaural cues introduced by the head shadow. Spatial benefits for speech perception were also not fully reported by the previous studies. The aim of the studies reported in this thesis was to address the limitations of the previous studies and explore in more depth the spatial benefits of the DSPB CIs. The spatial benefits experienced by eight DSPB CI subjects were assessed in horizontal sound-source localisation, speech perception in noise and self-reported measures. Their ability was also compared to eight unilateral CI subjects, who were chosen as likely to be representative of the better unilateral CI performers. Results showed that the majority of the postlingually deaf DSPB subjects could localise sounds at a better than chance range, defined by unbiased and biased guessing, which seems similar to previous results with conventional bilateral CI adults. Although the results for unilateral CI subjects indicate that monaural cues may provide some useful information for localisation, such cues were found to provide lower localisation accuracy than binaural cues provided by DSPB implants. Speech perception thresholds were also assessed with the speech and noise spatially co-located and separated. Results showed that, as with unilateral CI subjects, the DSPB subjects were not able to take advantage of separating speech from noise for speech perception. Results from the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale indicated better self-reported spatial hearing ability for the DSPB than unilateral CIs groups, although it was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the DSPB CIs seem to provide advantages for horizontal localisation over unilateral CIs for the majority of postlingually deaf DSPB adults. There is, however, no evidence that the way the processing is synchronised in the DSPB CIs can offer any advantages over conventional bilateral CIs for localisation.
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McAlpine, David. "Binaural influences on the response properties of neurones in the ferret inferior colliculus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240653.
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Leroux, Tony. "Behavioral and electrophysiological study of binaural hearing in patients with unilateral cerebrovascular accident." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0012/NQ42796.pdf.
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Shackleton, Trevor Maxwell. "Binaural hearing and lateralisation : the perception of interaural differences of amplitude and time." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2818/.
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The perception of the direction of a sound source in the horizontal plane is largely dependent upon the relative arrival times of salient points in the waveform and upon the difference in amplitude at the two ears. Other effects such as binaural release from masking are mediated mainly by the percept of lateralisation. In an extensive literature review the major experiments in binaural unmasking. discrimination and lateralisation are introduced and the most influential binaural detection and lateralisation models discussed. It is argued that these models are all cross-correlation mechanisms operating upon the differences between the firing patterns of the two auditory nerves. A study of the response of the binaural system to changes in its input would be a critical test of such models, so an experiment to measure the threshold of a static tone in noise with temporally varying Interaural phase was performed. The results suggest that binaural processing is slow. The extent of lateralisation of bandpass (10%) filtered clicks of both low and high frequencies was studied with various interaural time and amplitude differences. A novel feature of the research, apart from the scaling technique used, was that subjects were encouraged to listen for multiple images. These experiments are sensitive to the breakdown of sensory fusion, and so pose a severe test for binaural models. Very similar results at both low- (260 Hz) and high- (8000 Hz) frequencies suggest a common lateralisation mechanism operating primarily upon interaural onset time differences. A binaural model is proposed which extends existing cross-correlation models. Included is an auditory nerve model which adapts and saturates. The other new element is coincidence detectors with significant (1 ms) integration times, which more closely represent the temporal Integration properties of real neural networks. The inclusion of the auditory nerve model Is very succesful, but the extended coincidence detectors prove less helpful. A single channel excitatory-inhibitory model Is also discussed.
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Leroux, Tony (Tony Daniel) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Behavioral and electrophysiological study of binaural hearing in patients with unilateral cerebrovascular accident." Ottawa, 1999.
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Hughet, James. "Binaural Hearing Effects of Mapping Microphone Array's Responses to a Listener's Head-Related Transfer Functions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35361.
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This thesis focuses on the mapping of the microphone array’s response to match the characteristics of a human subject’s Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF). The mapping of the response is first explored with a ‘monaural HRTF matching’ that filters the response independent of the arrival angles. For arbitrary array geometry with the listener external to the acoustic, the monaural HRTF matching did not provide listeners with enough spatial information to precisely localize sound sources. To correct this, a preprocessor control algorithm was added to the HRTF matching, a ‘binaural HRTF matching’ process. The binaural HRTF matching increased the listeners’ performance in perceiving the location of a sound source. With the addition of simulated head movement, the listeners’ perception increased by 20%. An issue with this approach is the use of HRTFs other than the listeners’ measured HRTF, creating a psychoacoustic based error in localization, i.e., front/back confusion.Master of Science
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Jeub, Marco [Verfasser]. "Joint dereverberation and noise reduction for binaural hearing aids and mobile phones / Marco Jeub." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026453119/34.
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Lu, Yan-Chen. "Active Hearing Strategies for Binaural Sound Localisation in Azimuth and Distance by Mobile Listeners." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522487.
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Hamlet, William. "Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Currents of Binaural Hearing Neurons in the Avian Auditory Circuit." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1438001198.
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Leclère, Thibaud. "Towards a binaural model for predicting speech intelligibility among competing voices in rooms." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0008/document.
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Ce travail de thèse vise à proposer un modèle pouvant prédire l’intelligibilité d’une voix cible masquée par des sources concurrentes dans les salles. Un modèle a déjà été développé par Lavandier et Culling (2010) et est capable de prédire l’intelligibilité d’une cible en champ proche perturbée par plusieurs sources de bruit. Le travail présenté ici traite des nouvelles implémentations et expérimentations nécessaires pour étendre le modèle au cas de cibles distantes et au cas de voix concurrentes, qui présentent des propriétés acoustiques différentes des bruits stationnaires (fluctuation d’enveloppe, fréquence fondamentale, modulations de fréquence fondamentale). L’effet nuisible de la réverbération sur la parole cible a été implémenté avec succès. Cette nouvelle version du modèle permet une interprétation unifiée de plusieurs effetsperceptifs observés dans la littérature mais il présente une dépendance de la salle, ce qui limite son aspect prédictif. Des travaux expérimentaux ont été menés pour déterminer comment le modèle pourrait prendre en compte le cas de sources cibles et masquantes avec des spectres différents ainsi que le cas où plusieurs mécanismes auditifs opèrent simultanément (ségrégation par F0, démasquage spatialet écoute dans les creux de modulation)This PhD work aims to propose a model predicting the perceived intelligibility of a target speech masked by competing sources in rooms. An existing model developed by Lavandier and Culling (2010) is already able to predict speech intelligibility of a near-field target in the presence of multiple noise sources. The present work deals with new implementations and experimental work needed to extend the model tothe case of a distant target and to the case of masking voices, which present different acoustical properties than noises (envelope fluctuations, fundamental frequency, modulations of fundamental frequency). The detrimental effect of reverberation on the target speech has been successfully implemented. This new version of the model provides a unified interpretation of several perceptual effects previously observed in the literature but it presents a room dependency which limits its predictive power. Experimental work has been conducted to determine how the model could account for sources presenting different spectra, and to account for several auditory mechanisms operating simultaneously (F0 segregation, spatial unmasking and temporal dip listening)
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Azevedo, Milena Manoel de. "INTERFERÊNCIA BINAURAL E ADAPTAÇÃO DE PRÓTESES AUDITIVAS EM PERDAS AUDITIVAS SIMÉTRICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6568.
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Purpose: To investigate the occurrence of binaural interference. To investigate the mono or binaural use of hearing aids and the complaints of speech comprehension in silence and noise.To evaluate the speech recognition with and without the use of mono and binaural hearing aids and the auditory processing skills.To correlate the obtained results in different tests. To evaluate the recognition of sentences in silence and noise by elderly individuals with symmetrical hearing loss, users of hearing aids with mono and binaural adaptation, and to investigate in which of both situations it may be verified the best performance in conditions that simulate daily communication situations. Material and Method: The evaluated subjects were 25 men and 13 women, with ages between 60 and 89 years old, with sensorineural hearing loss from mild to moderate severe level, symmetrical configuration, users of hearing aids with binaural indication. It was researched the Percentage Index of Speech Recognition (PISR) in both ears (BE) and it was performed the Dichotic Digits Test (DDT) of divided and directed attention, and the Portuguese Sentence List test (PSL). It was also studied the sentence recognition threshold in quiet (SRTQ) and in noise (SRTN) and the percentual indexes of sentence recognition in quiet environment and under noise (PISRQ and PISRN), with binaural adaptation (BA) and monaural in the right ear (RE) and in the left ear (LE). Results: Among the evaluated individuals, 31 (81.58%) referred that they use binaural hearing aids, 19 subjects (50%) reported they have never had difficulties to understand speech in silent places and 17 (44.75%) answered sometimes. 22 (57.89%) referred difficulties to recognize speech in noisy places, sometimes and 15 (39.47%) said it always happened. The obtained average values for the PISR were 72.95% in BE, 59.26% in the RE and 60.53% in the LE, respectively. The obtained averages in the DDT were 54.58% in BE, 65.16% in the RE and 71.95% in the LE. Regarding the PISRQ data, they were 79.63% in BE, 74.79% in the RE and 72.40% in the LE. The correlation of the PISR, DDT and PISRQ, the PISR and the PSL tend to present similar values. About analyzes into silence and into noise with binaural and monaural adaptation, the average values for PISRQ were 80.89% in BE, 76.33% in the RE and 71.16% in the LE, respectively. The obtained averages for PISRN were 62.05% in BE, 60.52% in the RE and 60.33% in the LE. Conclusion: It was found in an individual, the presence of binaural interference. Most elderly people used binaural hearing aids; only one individual did not present complaints of speech comprehension into noise. The PISR showed better performance in binaural condition; the DDT may not be the most proper option to be used in elderly patients with hearing loss; the PISR and the PSL tend to present similar values. The sentence recognition by the evaluated subjects presented better performance with the binaural adaptation, as into silence as into noise. However, that difference was not statistically significant.Objetivo:Investigar a ocorrência da interferência binaural. Investigar o uso mono ou binaural das próteses auditivas e as queixas de compreensão de fala no silêncio e no ruído. Avaliar o reconhecimento de fala com e sem uso de próteses auditivas mono e binaural e habilidades do processamento auditivo. Correlacionar os resultados obtidos nos diferentes testes. Avaliar o reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e no ruído, de indivíduos idosos com perdas auditivas simétricas, usuários de próteses auditivas com adaptação mono e binaural, investigando em qual das duas situações pode ser verificado o melhor desempenho em condições que simulam situações de comunicação do diaadia. Material e método: Foram avaliados 38 sujeitos, sendo 25 homens e 13 mulheres, com idade entre 60 e 89 anos, perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau leve a moderadamente severo, de configuração simétrica, usuários de próteses auditivascom indicação binaural. Foi pesquisado o Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala (IPRF) em ambas as orelhas (AO) e realizados dois testes: oTeste Dicótico de Dígitos (TDD) atenção dividida e direcionada e o teste Listas de Sentenças em Português (LSP). Pesquisou-se aindaos Limiares de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio e no Ruído (LRSS e LRSR) e Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio e no ruído (IPRSS e IPRSR), com adaptação binaural (AO) e monoaural orelha direita (OD) e orelha esquerda (OE). Resultados:Entre os indivíduos avaliados, 31(81,58%) relataram fazer uso binaural das próteses auditivas, 19 (50%) relataram nunca ter dificuldade de compreender a fala no silêncio e 17(44,75%) às vezes. 22 (57,89%) referiram dificuldade para reconhecer a fala no ruído, às vezes e 15 (39,47%) sempre. Os valores médios obtidos para os IPRF foram de 72,95% em AO, 59,26% na OD e 60,53% na OE, respectivamente. As médias obtidas do TDD foram 54,58% em AO, 65,16% na OD e 71,95% OE. Quanto aos dados do IPRSS, foram de 79,63% em AO, 74,79% na OD e 72,40% na OE. A correlação das variáveis IPRF, TDD e IPRSS, o IPRF e o LSP tendem a apresentar resultados semelhantes. Em relação às análises no silêncio e no ruído com adaptação binaural e monoaural, os valores médios obtidos para os IPRSS foram de 80,89% em AO, 76,33% na OD e 71,16% na OE, respectivamente. Já as médias obtidas do IPRSR foram 62,05 % em AO, 60,52% na OD e 60,33%OE. Conclusão:Foi encontrado em um indivíduo indícios da presença de interferência binaural. A grande maioria dos idosos fazia uso binaural das próteses auditivas.Somente um indivíduo não apresentou queixa de compreensão de fala no ruído. O IPRF demonstrou melhor desempenho na condição binaural. O TDD evidenciou pior desempenho na tarefa de integração binaural. Já no LSP não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre o desempenho mono e binaural. O teste TDD pode não ser a opção mais adequada para ser utilizado em pacientes idosos com perda auditiva; já o IPRF e o LSP tendem a apresentar resultados semelhantes. O reconhecimento de sentenças dos sujeitos avaliados mostrou melhor desempenho com a adaptação binaural, tanto no silêncio como no ruído. Entretanto, essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante.
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Völk, Florian [Verfasser]. "Interrelations of Virtual Acoustics and Hearing Research by the Example of Binaural Synthesis / Florian Völk." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104230758X/34.
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Johnson, Earl E. "Outperforming the Normal Hearing Listener: Super- Listening with a Binaural Beamforming Noise Reduction Microphone Array." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1713.
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Davis, Abbie M. "BINAURAL INTERACTION OF EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT BRAINSTEM RESPONSES TO FREQUENCY SWEEPS IN NORMAL-HEARING CHINESE ADULTS." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1366978237.
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Wang, Michelle H. "Impact of Spatial Variability and Masker Fringe on the Detectability of a Brief Signal." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1576682868363895.
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Robinson, Shirley R. (Shirley Ruth). "Monaural and Binaural Speech Reception Thresholds in Normal Children and Those at Risk for Central Auditory Processing Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277814/.
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Children with central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) have a normal pure-tone audiogram, however, they have difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise. The present study examined binaural hearing in normal children and those with possible CAPD. Each subject was administered the SCAN or SCAN-A, screening tests for CAPD, to determine whether they were at risk for CAPD. Participants were then subjected to several monaural and binaural speech tasks, in quiet and noise. Spondee words were utilized in each task, under headphone and soundfield conditions.
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Wong, Man Sze. "The Presence of Binaural Interaction Component (BIC) in the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) of Normal Hearing Adults." Scholar Commons, 2002. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1533.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the binaural interaction component (BIC) in a large sample of normal hearing adults, and to measure the absolute latency and amplitude of the BIC as a function of the click rate of the stimulus and the electrode montage. The BIC is obtained by subtracting the auditory evoked potential waveform obtained with binaural stimulation from the waveform obtained by adding the responses from the left and right monaural stimulation. The tested hypothesis was that the recordings of the BIC vary among normal hearing individuals, and BIC latency and amplitude values change as a function of stimulus rate. Studies of the BIC help to explain the neural correlates of some binaural processes, and to develop an electrophysiological index of binaural processes for objective clinical evaluations.
Data was completed and analyzed on 47 adults between the ages of 20 and 41 (mean = 25) with hearing in the normal range (thresholds less than or equal to 20 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in each ear) and no known neurological disorders. The results revealed a great variability in BIC morphology between subjects. The BIC waveforms were categorized into five distinct groups according to the number of positive and negative peaks present. Chi-square analyses revealed a significant relationship between click rate and BIC category; however, the relationship between recording montage and BIC category was insignificant. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant increase in absolute latency and decrease in absolute amplitude of both negative and positive peaks as click rate increased from 7.7/s to 57.7/s. The results did not reveal a significant change in the type of BIC as an effect of electrode montage.
In conclusion, the BIC within the binaural difference waveform may be obtained in the majority of young individuals with normal hearing. Specifically, a slower stimulus rate revealed more components of the waveform, as well as an improvement in the morphology of the BIC compared to a faster stimulus rate. As these findings may aid in the development of an electrophysiological index of binaural neural processes in young individuals with normal hearing, more research should be attempted in the study of BIC in other age groups and patients with different audiograms.
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Khayeri, Parinaz. "Binaural Beamforming Robust to Errors in Direction of Arrival Estimates." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34442.
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Binaural beamforming technology, which is based on the auditory perception of both ears, uses a wireless data connection to exchange data between the right-side and the left-side hearing aids. Over the years, several multichannel speech enhancement algorithms have been used in the hearing aid industry. For example, beamforming algorithms work by keeping a target signal undistorted while attenuating the noise fields (such as diffuse noise or white noise) and the interferers from different directions. Fixed and adaptive algorithms of this nature have been under active investigation by the hearing aid industry. Although binaural beamforming hearing aids designs have shown better performance than single-channel based hearing aids or bilateral hearing aids, the performance of binaural beamforming still suffers from errors in the direction of arrival estimates, i.e., errors which occur when the right set of steering vectors is used in a beamformer design but the target signal source is not located at the direction considered in the design. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to find and propose structures showing more robustness to errors in the direction of arrival estimates. The focus is mainly on the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller (GSC) structure and several binaural beamforming algorithms and configurations are proposed in this thesis as alternatives for the fixed beamformer and blocking matrix units of the GSC. The proposed algorithms show promise of providing wider notch and/or wider beam possibilities, as well as providing greater noise reduction and superior adaptive null positioning capabilities. The algorithms proposed in this thesis were simulated in MATLAB using recorded signals and data provided by a hearing aid firm, to assess their utility for improving hearing aid performance. The results demonstrated a superiority over algorithms currently in use in industry.
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Smurzynski, Jacek. "Binaural Performance in Normal-hearing Young Adults Influenced by Short-term Induced Unilateral Conductive and Sensory Changes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2203.
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There are no data available in the literature that have specifically evaluated differences in adaptation to unilateral conductive or sensory changes. However, based on clinical experience it may be postulated that changes of outer or middle ear function appear to be tolerated more easily than those of cochlear origin. Very often, patients seen in the clinic are unaware of a slight conductive hearing loss. By contrast, patients are immediately disturbed by a minor decline of cochlear function. One of several complaints of these patients is a change in their spatial orientation or difficulties in understanding speech in a noisy environment . The goal of the study was to determine if binaural performance tested psychoacoustically using a lateralization task is influenced differentially by short-term induced unilateral conductive or sensory changes. Lateralization performance was evaluated in seven normal-hearing subjects during induced auditory periphery asymmetry resulting from: l. exposure to noise presented for 5 minutes at 115 dBA SPL or 2. bilateral occlusion with earplugs of unequal attenuation for 48 hrs. An adaptive procedure was used to detenmine hearing thresholds of a 4-kHz narrow-band noise (NBN). In a lateralization task subjects indicated the positions of intracranial images created by the same NBN pr esented binaurally at SO dB SL with interau ral level differences ( I LDs) varying within plus/minus 12 dB. The tests were performed over a one-hour period post-exposure, immediately prior to and following plugging the ears, and at 24 and 48 hrs post-plugging. Immediately after the exposure or after plugging, there was a shift of lateral ization towards an unexposed side or the side blocked by the plug with a smaller attenuation, respectively. After a few minutes post-exposure, signals with I LD=0 were lateralized at midl ine. Within 30 minutes post -plugging, those signals were gradually lateralized closer to midline but remained off center for the rest of the plugging period. Thus, subjects showed fast adaptation to induced unilateral sensorineural changes and incomplete adaptation to induced asymmetrical conductive changes. Those rather unexpected r esults can be explained using a qualitative model assuming that: 1. a conductive impainment reflects a loss of sensitivity and 2. a cochlear impairment reflects both a loss of sensitivity and of the compressive nonlinearity on the basilar membrane. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of psychoacoustical studies on hearing-impaired listeners with a majority of them directed toward revealing deficits in monaural processing. However, in most acoustic environments encountered in everyday life, there are multiple sounds originating from different sources, and hearing-impaired people often display less binaural advantage than do normally hearing persons. The results of the cu rrent study support the view of the lack of a simple relationship between monaural and binaural processing, which is often r eported in studies on hearing-impaired people. This is an important issue in the process of fitting hearing aids binaurally.
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Nascimento, Edil James de Jesus. "MELHORAMENTO DO SINAL DE VOZ POR INIBIÇÃO LATERAL E MASCARAMENTO BINAURAL." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2004. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/355.
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Previous issue date: 2004-04-02The human hearing system is capable to accomplish different tasks that would be useful in engineering applications. One of them is the ability to separate sound sources, allowing the listener to "focus" a single sound source in a noisy environment. Great investments have been made in the development of technologies applied to the voice recognition by machines in real environment. For that, different techniques of processing computational have been proposed, for reduction of the ambient noise and improvement of the signal desired in complex acoustic environment (cocktail party). The model of the human hearing system motivates those techniques in their different phases. In this work, we developed an algorithm to improve the processing speech signal based on the binaural hearing model. After receiving the mixed signals, for two microphones, the algorithm increases the intelligibility of the signal of larger energy of one of the receivers. Using two speakers and considering that each one is closer of one of the microphones, we made use of the concepts of lateral inhibition and binaural masking, to recover the signal of speech of larger energy of one of the receivers. The algorithm was developed in platform matlab and it was compared with another without use the lateral inhibition in the recovery of the desired signal. The results, appraised through the calculation of the relative error and of the scale MOS, showed that the use of the lateral inhibition in the recovery of the signal, improves the relative error between the desired signal and the recovered signal and consequently the quality of the recovered signal.
O sistema auditivo humano é capaz de realizar diferentes tarefas que seriam úteis em aplicações de engenharia. Uma delas é a habilidade de separar fontes sonoras, permitindo a um ouvinte focar uma única fonte sonora em um ambiente ruidoso. Grandes investimentos têm sido feitos no desenvolvimento de tecnologias aplicadas ao reconhecimento de voz, por meio de máquinas, em ambientes reais. Para isso, diferentes técnicas de processamento computacional têm sido propostas para a redução do ruído ambiente e melhoramento do sinal desejado em ambiente acústico complexo (cocktail party). Essas técnicas são motivadas pelo modelo do sistema auditivo humano em suas diferentes fases. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos um algoritmo para melhorar o processamento de um sinal de fala baseado no modelo auditivo binaural. Após receber os sinais misturados, por dois microfones, o algoritmo aumenta a inteligibilidade do sinal de maior energia de um dos receptores. Utilizando dois oradores e considerando que cada um está mais próximo de um dos receptores, fizemos uso dos conceitos de inibição lateral e mascaramento binaural, para recuperar o sinal de fala de maior energia de um dos receptores. O algoritmo foi desenvolvido sob a plataforma matlab e comparado com um outro sem a utilização da inibição lateral na recuperação do sinal desejado. Os resultados, avaliados através do cálculo do erro relativo e da escala MOS, mostraram que a utilização da inibição lateral na recuperação do sinal, melhora o erro relativo entre o sinal desejado e o sinal recuperado e conseqüentemente a qualidade do sinal recuperado.
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Azarpour, Masoumeh [Verfasser], Gerald [Gutachter] Enzner, and Nilesh [Gutachter] Madhu. "Adaptive binaural noise reduction for hearing-aid applications / Masoumeh Azarpour ; Gutachter: Gerald Enzner, Nilesh Madhu ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236814428/34.
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Oliveira, Letícia Sampaio de [UNESP]. "Componente de interação binaural do Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical em crianças com histórico de otite de repetição." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153341.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: Os dois primeiros anos de vida de um indivíduo são os mais significativos para o desenvolvimento de habilidades auditivas e de linguagem. A neuroplasticidade durante esse período é máxima e o córtex mais responsivo, podendo realizar mais reorganizações neurais. Porém, caso o indivíduo sofra algum tipo de privação sensorial, oriunda de perdas auditivas sensorioneurais ou condutivas, durante a infância, o desenvolvimento das estruturas da via auditiva periférica e central será afetado, e trará consequências para o processamento binaural. O BIC pode trazer evidências em relação à binauralidade, pois a resposta evocada por um estímulo bilateral gera respostas mais específicas em relação ás estruturas responsáveis pelo processamento binaural, tornando sua análise mais confiável. Objetivo: Caracterizar as respostas auditivas corticais do Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical com estímulos de fala por estimulação monoaural e bilateral e analisar o BIC em neonatos e crianças sem e com histórico de otite de repetição. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Setor de Audiologia do Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde (CEES), da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Marília, São Paulo. Foram selecionados sujeitos de zero a oito anos e 11 meses, em boas condições de saúde geral, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em grupo um (normalidade) e grupo dois (histórico de infecção auditiva), e entre eles divididos em subgrupos a partir da faixa etária. O procedimento de coleta foi o PEAC com estímulo de fala /ba/-/da/ em paradigma oddball. O resultado do complexo de ondas P1-N1-P2-N2-P3 foi avaliado pela pesquisadora e dois juízes experientes na área de eletrofisiologia. Foi realizado o cálculo aritmético dos 512 pontos da onda a fim de obter a grande média das ondas dos sujeitos de ambos os grupos. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos: Shapiro-wilk e Ancova de Medidas Repetidas Mista para analisar o efeito do grupo, da condição e da interação (grupo VS condição) controlando o efeito da co-variável idade e sexo. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para todos os valores de latência, sendo que para as latências dos potenciais P1, N1, P2 e N2 as diferenças entre os grupos ocorreram nas três condições analisadas (OE, OD e binaural), demonstrando influência da privação sensorial. Para a latência do potencial P3 foi observado diferença entre os grupos somente para a OD e binaural. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação às amplitudes das ondas. Conclusão: Existem diferenças no PEAC com estímulos de fala e no componente de interação binaural de crianças com e sem privação sensorial.
Introduction: The first two years of an individual's life are the most significant for the development of auditory and language skills. Neuroplasticity during this period is maximal and the cortex more responsive, being able to perform more neural reorganizations. However, if the individual experiences some kind of sensory deprivation, due to sensorineural or conductive hearing loss, during childhood, the development of peripheral and central auditory pathway structures will be affected, and will have consequences for binaural processing. The BIC can bring evidence regarding binaurality, since the response evoked by a bilateral stimulus generates morespecific responses to the structures responsible for binaural processing, making its analysis more reliable. Objective: To characterize the development of monaural and binaural auditory function in infants and children with and without history of sensory deprivation through Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential (CAEP). Methodology: The research was developed in the Audiology Sector of the “Centro de Estudos em Educação e Saúde” (CEES), Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP),Campus of Marília, São PauloState. Subjects from 0 to 8 years and 11 months, in good general health, were selected from both genders, divided into group 1 (normality) and group 2 (history of auditory infection), and divided into subgroups from age group.The collection procedure was the CAEP with speech stimulus /ba / -/da/ in the oddball paradigm. The results of the P1-N1-P2-N2-P3 wave complex were evaluated by the researcher and two experienced judges in the field of electrophysiology. The arithmetic calculation of the 512 wave points was performed in order to obtain the large wave mean of the subjects of both groups. Statistical tests were performed: Shapiro-wilk and Ancova of Mixed Repeated Measures to analyze the effect of group, condition and interaction (group vs. condition) controlling the effect of co-variable age and sex. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups for all latency values, and for the latencies of the potential P1, N1, P2 and N2 the differences between the groups occurred in the three analyzed conditions (OE, OD and binaural) demonstrating the influence of sensorial deprivation. For the latency of the P3 potential, there was a difference between the groups only for the OD and binaural. There were no significant differences in relation to the wave amplitudes. Conclusion:There are differences in the binaural auditory development of children with and without sensory deprivation ascertained by the results of the CAEP with speech stimulus.
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Yee, Dianna [Verfasser], Rainer [Gutachter] Martin, and Henning [Gutachter] Puder. "Improved noise reduction in binaural hearing aids using and external microphone / Dianna Yee ; Gutachter: Rainer Martin, Henning Puder ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1167505468/34.
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Colbert, Debborah. "Manatee Sound Localization: Performance Abilities, Interaural Level Cues, and Usage of Auditory Evoked Potential Techniques to Determine Sound Conduction Pathways." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002489.
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Cumming, John Freeman IV. "The Ability of Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) to Use the Binaural Phase Cue to Localize Sound." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo156475592795121.
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Novotný, Ota. "Psychoakustická měření binaurálních vlastností lidského sluchu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218742.
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This diploma thesis deals with a binaural hearing issues (it means hearing by both of ears), a human hearing ability to locate position of a sound source at three-dimensional space and parameters that affect this ability. In the second part, it focuses on psychoacoustic experiment, its main features and errors that can occur and which affect a results credibility. Method of pair comparisons is described more closely here. The last part of this thesis describes a technical solution of experiment in Java environment. The application should have a graphical interface and should be able to register a new user and perform a psychoacoustical experiment. The process of experiment is following. The aplication selects a random position of defined virtual sound source on the defined range and it plays this sound into headphones on button click. The users task is to set the application controls, representing a virtual sound source position, that way, where the user hear the sound come from. On another button click the application plays the same sound, but this sound comes from application controls set position (set by user). User compares this pair of sounds and modifies the position of second sound source until these two positions are same. The application stores these results for later processing on another button click. Principles of generating testing sound sources (sine wave, narrowband noise and sound file with wav extension) and their 3D positioning by measured head model impulse responses correlation are described thereinafter. An ability of human hearing system to locate a virtual sound source in dependence on sound parameters is discussed in conclusion.
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Treeby, Bradley E. "The effect of hair on human sound localisation cues." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0192.
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The acoustic scattering properties of the human head and torso match well with those of simple geometric shapes. Consequently, analytical scattering models can be utilised to account for the sound localisation cues introduced by these features. The traditional use of such models assumes that the head surface is completely rigid in nature. This thesis is concerned with modelling and understanding the effect of terminal scalp hair (i.e., a non-rigid head surface) on the auditory localisation cues. The head is modelled as a sphere, and the acoustical characteristics of hair are modelled using a locally-reactive equivalent impedance parameter. This allows the scattering boundary to be defined on the inner rigid surface of the head. The boundary assumptions are validated experimentally, through impedance measurement at oblique incidence and analysis of the near-field scattering pattern of a uniformly covered sphere. The impedance properties of human hair are also discussed, including trends with variations in sample thickness, bulk density, and fibre diameter. A general solution for the scattering of sound by a sphere with an arbitrarily distributed, locally reactive surface impedance is then presented. From this, an analytical solution is derived for a surface boundary that is evenly divided into two uniformly distributed hemispheres. For this boundary condition, cross-coupling is shown to exist between incoming and scattered wave modes of equi-order when the degrees are non-equal and opposite in parity. The overall effect of impedance on the resultant scattering characteristics is discussed in detail, both for uniform and for hemispherically divided surface boundaries. Finally, the analytical formulation and the impedance characteristics of hair are collectively utilised to investigate the effect of hair on human auditory localisation cues. The hair is shown to produce asymmetric perturbations to both the monaural and binaural cues. These asymmetries may help to resolve localisation confusions between sound stimuli positioned in the front and rear hemi-fields. The cue changes in the azimuth plane are characterised by two predominant features and remain consistent regardless of the decomposition baseline (i.e., the inclusion of a pinna offset, neck, etc). Experimental comparisons using a synthetic hair material show a good agreement with simulated results.
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Bustamante, Gabriel. "Mouvement actif pour la localisation binaurale de sources sonores en robotique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30211/document.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le contexte de la localisation de source sonore depuis un capteur binaural (constitué de deux microphones placés sur un élément diffusant) doté de mobilité. Un schéma de localisation "active" en trois phases est considéré : (a) estimation de primitives spatiales par une analyse court-terme du flux audio ; (b) localisation audio-motrice par assimilation de ces données et combinaison avec les ordres moteurs du capteur au sein d'un schéma d'estimation stochastique ; (c) commande en boucle fermée du mouvement du capteur de façon à améliorer la qualité de la localisation. Les recherches portent sur la définition de stratégies de "mouvement actif" constituant la phase (c). Le problème est formulé comme la maximisation d'un critère d'information défini à partir des lois de filtrage de la position relative capteur-source sur un horizon temporel glissant dans le futur (plus exactement de son espérance sur les observations qui seront assimilées sur cet horizon conditionnellement aux observations passées). Cet horizon peut être constitué du prochain instant ou des N prochains instants, ce qui donne lieu à une stratégie "one-step-ahead" ou "N-step-ahead", respectivement. Une approximation de ce critère par utilisation de la transformée "unscented" et le calcul automatique du gradient de celle-ci par exploitation des nombres duaux, permettent la détermination de la commande (en boucle fermée sur l'audio donc) à appliquer au capteur. Les résultats ont été validés par des simulations réalistes, et, pour certains, par des expérimentations sur un ensemble tête-torse anthropomorphe doté de perception binaurale et de mobilitéThis work takes place within the field of sound source localization from a binaural sensor (consisting of two microphones placed on a diffusing element) endowed with mobility. An "active" three-phase localization scheme is considered: (a) estimation of spatial primitives by a short-term analysis of the audio stream; (B) audio-motor localizatio! n by assimilation of these data and combination with the! motor commands of the sensor within a stochastic estimation scheme; (C) closed-loop control of the movement of the sensor in order to improve the quality of the location. The research focuses on the definition of "active motion" strategies constituting phase (c). The problem is formulated as the maximization over a receding horizon of an information criterion defined from the filtering pdfs of the relative sensor-to-source position (more exactly of the maximization of its expectation on the N observations that will be assimilated on this horizon conditionally to the past observations). This horizon can consist of the next time instant or the next N time instants, what gives rise to a "one-step-ahead" or "N-step-ahead" strategy, respectively. An approximation of this criterion by using the unscented transform and the automatic calculation of its gradient by using the dual numbers allow the determination of the control (therefore, in closed loop on the audio) to be applied to the sensor. The results were validated by realistic simulations and, for some of them, by experiments on an anthropomorphic head-and-torso simulator endowed with binaural perception and mobility