Academic literature on the topic 'Bio-based crops'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Gimondo, J. Austin, Christopher J. Currey, Darren H. Jarboe, Martin Gross, and William R. Graves. "Wastewater-grown Algae Pellets and Paste as Fertilizers for Containerized Crops." HortScience 54, no. 3 (2019): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13474-18.
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Drawbacks of traditional synthetic fertilizer led us to explore a biologically based (bio-based) alternative. Our objective was to quantify the efficacy of wastewater-grown algae pellets and pastes harvested from rotating algal biofilm systems as fertilizers for three crops, ‘Honeycomb’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.), ‘Beefsteak’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and ‘Ambrosia’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Factorial experiments were designed for each crop with fertilizer type (algae pellets, algae paste, a synthetic controlled-release fertilizer, or a commercially available bio-based fertilizer from wastewater treatment) and substrate (commercial or custom-made) as factors. Shoot growth, shoot nutrient concentration, and substrate pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were affected by fertilizer, substrate, or their interaction. Algae pellets and paste supplied nutrients to all three species effectively, increasing shoot size, dry weight, perceived health, and nutrient concentrations compared with unfertilized controls. Notwithstanding some variability among crops, performance of algal materials was similar to that of the synthetic fertilizer and better than that of the commercial bio-based fertilizer. As a bio-based fertilizer that supplies plants with recycled nutrients sequestered from wastewater, wastewater-grown algae can reduce the impacts of mineral nutrition management in container-crop production by partially supplanting synthetic fertilizer use.
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Petrov, Daniel, Desislava Toteva, and Petar Marinov. "Production of part of the organic crops, compared to the traditional production in the country." Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Management 70, no. 1 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.61308/hped8454.
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The natural endowment is vitally important for the development of various types of agricultural crops affecting society. The imposition of “new agricultural crops” is associated with the development of science and the need for such for the future. In this regard, bio-cultures are an alternative to conventional production. In the future, bio-culturities will take their place in the country’s economy. Their capabilities as raw materials will be transformed according to the needs and consumption, both for the processing industry and for society. His is the “connection” between the two types of cultures – the traditional ones, without which society cannot exist at this stage, and on the other hand, the bio-cultures, which claim their place in the future. Analysis and conclusions are based on the period 2012 – 2021. In the development of the scientific publication, the following statistical, mathematical and comparative methods (for a certain period of time) were used, which aim to reveal the relationship between organic and conventional crops.
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Vourdoubas, John. "Estimation of the Required Bio-fuels Substituting Petroleum-based Fuels in Vehicles in the Island of Crete, Greece." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 4 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i4.18995.
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The required bio-fuels for substituting petroleum-based fuels in vehicles in the island of Crete, Greece have been estimated. The quantities of gasoline and diesel oil currently used in vehicles in Crete as well as their GHG emissions have been calculated. The quantities of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel substituting 14% of them, according to the EU goal for 2030, have been evaluated. The necessary land area for cultivating energy crops producing the required bio-fuels has been also calculated. The total quantity of gasoline and diesel oil used in vehicles in 2020 in Crete has been estimated at 273,231 tons while their CO2 emissions at 886,702 tons. The bio-ethanol required for substituting 14% of the annual gasoline consumption has been calculated at 29,709 tons while the bio-diesel required for substituting 14% of the annual diesel oil consumption at 24,802 tons. The necessary land area cultivated with sugar beet producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-ethanol has been estimated at 7,427 ha while the necessary land area cultivated with rape seed producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-diesel has been estimated at 24,802 ha. The overall necessary land area, at 32,229 ha, corresponds at 3.81% of the total area in Crete. Energy crops have not been cultivated so far in Crete while the land availability is limited. It is proposed that apart from using bio-fuels in conventional vehicles equipped with ICEs different options for reducing GHG emissions in transportation, including the use of electric vehicles, should be considered in Crete.
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Knfe Yakob, Bahran, EricksonTchuda Lopes Mam, and Gins Murat Sabirovich. "Role of bio-stimulants on the advancement of vegetable production: A review." Agricultural Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (2024): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2024.04.035.
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Abstract. Since climate of the globe is changing abruptly, causing tremendous challenges (biotic and abiotic stresses) on the production of vegetable crops, it seems to be difficult to ensure the food security for the rapidly growing population of the world if sustainable production systems are adopted. Though farmers are indiscriminately applying inorganic fertilizers and plant protection chemicals to replenish the fertility of their fields and protect their plants from pests, the issue of sustainable production seems to have been forgotten. Thus, the use of organic factors of production is a must in order to overcome the challenges so that production of healthy products can be maintained in an eco-friendly manner through the utilization of Bio-stimulators. Bio-stimulants have a crucial role in enhancing the growth, development and overall performance of different vegetable crops belonging to different families; Solanaceae, Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Brassicaceae. The most commonly utilized bio-stimulants in the field of agriculture worldwide are humic substances (humic acid and fulvic acid), plant or animal-based protein hydrolysates, macro and micro-algal extracts (seaweed extracts), silicon, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Bio-stimulants have important role in enhancing the growth characteristics, yielding potential, biochemical compositions (concentrations of ascorbic acid, and carotenoid content) in tomato plants and in other plants belonging to Solanaceae family like eggplant. Application of different types of bio-stimulants results in the improvement of growth, yields and chlorophyll and allicin contents in the Alliaceae species (onion and garlic). In the vegetable crops belonging to the family of Amaranthaceae (Spinach and Amaranthus), bio-stimulants have important impacts in the improvement of seed germination, increasing of plant height, photosynthetic pigments, yield and nutritional composition. Increased plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, yield parameters, phenolic and flavonoid compounds and seed fatty acid concentration are also the results of bio-stimulant applications in the brassica species (cabbage, broccoli, rapeseed, mustard). Thus, the sustainable agriculture systems could be guaranteed by using bio-stimulants to boost the production of vegetable crops both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Ashwinikumar B. Kshirsagar and Ashok A. Shinde. "Bio-plastic from renewable biomass sources." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (2023): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0012.
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Bio-plastics are environment – friendly and biodegradable hence provide an effective way to replace the conventional plastics. In this experiment five different crops were taken and then extracted the starch from each crop. Starch is used as a source for producing bio-plastics. Bio-plastic were generated from different starches. Sorghum showed the maximum production of starch (369gm). 15% glycerol is used as a plasticiser and bio-plastics was produced from the extracted starch. Glycerol increases its flexibility. Sodium meta-bisulphate was used as a antimicrobial activity. Maize showed the maximum production of plastic i.e. 28.26 gm. Once the bio-plastics made, the quality parameters were studied. Like tensile strength, elongation test and degradation test. While calculating tensile strength the stretchiness and toughness of that particular bio-plastic sample is important and the tensile strength of maize is 5.80 Mpa found to be maximum among all. An elongation test was carried out, and maximum elongation was takes place in plastic made from potato starch i.e it was elongated about 1.89 cm. In the degradation test the bio-plastic from rice takes more time for degradation. It degrades at the rate of 5.67 gm plastic in 10 days and plastic from sorghum degrades rapidly than other crops. In this study, the experiment conducted in order to produce biodegradable plastic from starch isolated from the different crops. The plastic sample produced may not characteristics of a petrochemical based plastic but it is good in biodegradability. Its tensile strength found that the plastic can be stretched as a conventional plastic. Bio-plastic s doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals. It will help us to protect the environment.
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Rana, Lalita, Navnit Kumar, Jitendra Rajput, et al. "Unlocking Potential: The Role of Zinc Fortification Combating Hidden Hunger and Enhancing Nutritional Security." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 10 (2024): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i102986.
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Micronutrient shortage is rapidly becoming apparent have drawn more attention in the cultivation of crops. The main causes of this deficit are the introduction of high-yielding varieties, an intensified cropping strategy, and advanced irrigation systems etc. A further aspect contributing to this issue is the increased use of high analysis chemical fertilizers instead of organic plant nutrition (composts, farmyard manure, etc.). Most countries have acute shortages of micronutrients due to the significant depletion of soil reserves caused by current agricultural production technologies. In order to increase both the quantity and quality of crops, micronutrients are crucial. Through the integration of agronomic, breeding and transgenic techniques, researchers seek to strengthen the zinc concentration in field crops, so improving their nutritional value and mitigating the risk of zinc deficiency in human diets. The availability and absorption of micronutrients in crops are improved by agronomic techniques such as foliar spraying, and soil fertilizer treatment including organic amendments. Meanwhile, biofortification of vegetable and fruit crops has also been achieved by transgenic and breeding strategies. In other hand, Rhizobacteria-based biofortification, Chelated Zn biofortification, nutri-priming are also important techniques in Zinc fortification programs to ensure food security and nutritional quality, bio-fortification of micronutrients in crops is vital. In addition, bio-fortification improved quality and crop output, reducing hidden hunger and demonstrating that it was a viable and economical approach. The present review addresses several aspects of zinc insufficiency in human populations, including public health and socioeconomic issues, bio-fortification and ferti-fortification studies, and future efforts to mitigate zinc deficiency in soil and the population at large.
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Godard, Anaïs, Pascale de Caro, Emeline Vedrenne, Zéphirin Mouloungui, and Sophie Thiebaud-Roux. "From crops to products for crops: preserving the ecosystem through the use of bio-based molecules." OCL 23, no. 5 (2016): D510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016037.
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Bērziņš, Andris, Ramunas Tupciauskas, Martins Andzs, and Gunars Pavlovichs. "Potential of some Latvian Industrial Crops Residuals for Conversion to Bio-Based Thermal Insulation Material." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0x7bv2.
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Some industrial crops residuals like wheat straw, buckwheat husks and reeds were used in the study as raw lignocellulosic materials to evaluate their potential as thermal insulation material. Steam explosion (SE) pre-treatment was used to disrupt and convert the raw material smooth shape to foamy fibrous shape. Two level Factorial design was used to evaluate the impact of raw material fraction size (10-20-30 mm), moisture content (10-30-50%), SE temperature (200-215-230 °C) and duration (00-30-60 s) on bulk density and thermal conductivity of the obtained loose-fill materials. The results show that all selected raw materials could be characterized as thermal insulation materials as the determined thermal conductivity was in the range of 0.042–0.058 W (m K)-1 including neat samples. In spite of effective fibrillation of raw materials SE pre-treatment did not improve their thermal conductivity. The determined bulk density of loose-fill crops varied in range of 23–184 kg m-3 depending on all variables; the SE pre-treatment showed the most significant effect on its reduction. Based on the study results the most suitable crops residues for bio-based thermal insulation purposes are suggested wheat straw and reeds demonstrating the lowest values of bulk density and thermal conductivity.
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Shahi, Naresh, Gautam Joshi, and Byungjin Min. "Potential sustainable biomaterials derived from cover crops." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5641-5652.
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Plant-derived biopolymers are renewable and readily available, thus making viable alternatives to synthetic polymers. The present study examined properties of biopolymers from cover crops such as rye, oat, clover, vetch, and barley, which were grown organically in a greenhouse. The yields of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of the cover crops were calculated based on the dry weight. Structural variations and thermal properties of the isolated cellulose were characterized and compared with commercial cellulose using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The average yield percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 19 to 27%, 9 to 25%, and 1.42 to 4.86%, respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectral analysis indicated that the isolated cellulose had similar peaks and patterns to commercial cellulose, and confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. The onset decomposition temperature occurred at 270 °C in all samples. Interestingly, the maximum degradation temperature beyond 370 °C in cellulose was isolated from black oat, which was higher than commercial cellulose (350 °C). The findings of this research suggest that cellulose isolated from cover crops may be a benefit to the polymer industry in the development of bio-based materials such as biofuels, bio-composites, and biomedical devices.
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Grzegórska, Anna, Piotr Rybarczyk, Andrzej Rogala, and Dawid Zabrocki. "Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112905.
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Phytoremediation is a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation, several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad but concise review of available literature research with respect to the dominant process mechanism is provided. Moreover, methods of plant biomass utilization after harvesting, with particular regard to possibilities of “bio-ore” processing for metal recovery, or using energy crops as a valuable source for bio-energy production (bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-oil) are analyzed. Additionally, obstacles hindering the commercialization of phytoremediation are presented and discussed together with an indication of future research trends.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Sung, Jonggeun. "Design and synthesis of plant oil-based UV-curable acrylates for sustainable coating applications." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38657.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Grain Science and Industry<br>X. Susan Sun<br>A demand in sustainable polymers has been increased because of the environment concerns and saving finite petroleum resources. Plant oils are promising renewable resources to produce environmentally friendly polymer applications. Soybean oil-based resins such as epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) have been well-known functionalized plant oils, but relatively low performances of their polymers and a competition with food production have been disadvantages. Thus, in this study, we designed new plant oil-based acrylates using non-food resources and achieved excellent properties of the acrylates for coatings and thermoset applications.
Firstly, we developed coating materials with high mechanical, thermal and coating performances using acrylated epoxidized camelina oil (AECO) as a main acrylate monomer with various meth(acrylates) as reactive diluents
Next, acrylated epoxidized cardanol modified fatty acids from camelina oil (AECFA) was successfully synthesized, and a phenolic structure with long aliphatic side chains with acrylic groups was obtained. The novel structure of AECFA provided rigidity into its polymer maintained with flexibility, and AECFA coating material showed better performances in terms of all properties such as mechanical, thermal, viscoelastic, and coating performances, as compared to commercial AESO resin.
Finally, acrylated epoxidized allyl 10-undecenoate (AEAU) was developed from 10-undecenoic acid, castor oil derivative. The single fatty ester structure with di-functional acrylates of AEAU had very lower viscosity and showed better thermoset performances than those of triglyceride-based acrylates such as AESO and AECO. Thus, AEAU had a potential to an alternative to AESO for thermoset applications.
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Mrad, Fida. "Décomposition de résidus de culture et de matériaux biosourcés : impact sur les communautés microbiennes des sols agricoles et les fonctions associées." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR109/document.
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La gestion des déchets constitue un problème majeur au niveau mondial. En agriculture, le retour au sol des résidus de culture est une pratique courante et constitue une opportunité intéressante pour maintenir la fertilité du sol et/ou pour stocker du carbone. La décomposition des matières végétales dans le sol est influencée par plusieurs facteurs (tels que la composition microbienne, la nature et qualité des matières végétales), et a pour acteurs principaux les microorganismes telluriques. Au-delà du retour au sol, d’autres voies de valorisation de la matière végétale non récoltée peuvent être envisagées, telle que sa transformation pour des usages non alimentaires. Dans le domaine du bâtiment, l’intérêt de l’utilisation de matériaux biosourcés (destinés à l’isolation thermique) est croissant et encouragé par les pouvoirs publics dans la construction ou la rénovation. Toutefois, à notre connaissance, la question de la gestion de la fin de vie de ces matériaux après déconstruction des bâtiments n’est pas encore abordée. Afin de mieux comprendre le retour aux sols agricoles de matières végétales de natures diversifiées (paille de blé, paille de colza et tiges de tournesol), nous avons combiné différentes caractérisations biochimiques/physicochimiques tels que le fractionnement biochimique, l’analyse thermogravimétrique et la spectroscopie infra rouge, avec l’étude de la dynamique microbienne (abondance, diversité, fonction), complétées du suivi de minéralisation du carbone et de l’azote durant 3 mois d’incubation, en microcosmes. La minéralisation des résidus de grandes cultures est principalement régie par des microbiodiversités initialement différentes, issues de la prairie permanente ou la grande culture, et dans une moindre mesure par leur qualité biochimique. Quant à la dynamique microbienne, elle est impactée par ces deux types de sols et la nature de apports. Dans le cas de coproduits contrastés de la tige de tournesol (moelle et écorce), la minéralisation du C est principalement dictée par leur qualité initiale. Concernant la mise en oeuvre d’un matériau biosourcé à base de moelle de tige de tournesol, elle semble favoriser sa minéralisation dans le sol. Le retour au sol de ce type de matériau pourrait donc constituer un moyen intéressant de gestion de sa fin de vie<br>Waste management is a major problem worldwide. In agriculture, the return of crop residues to the soil is a common practice and represents an interesting opportunity to maintain soil fertility and / or to store carbon. The decomposition of plant materials in soils is influenced by several factors (such as microbial composition, plant material’s nature and quality), and soil microorganisms are its main actors. Moreover, other ways of valorization of non-harvested plant materials are possible, such as their transformation for non-food applications. In the building industry, the interest in using biobased materials (for thermal insulation) is growing and encouraged by the public authorities in construction or renovation projects. However, to our knowledge, the issue of management of these materials end-of-life is not yet addressed, after deconstructing the buildings. In order to better understand different crop residues (wheat straw, rapeseed straw and sunflower stems) decomposition in agricultural soils, we have combined different biochemical / physicochemical characterizations such as biochemical fractionation, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy, with microbial dynamics monitoring (abundance, diversity, function), supplemented by carbon and nitrogen mineralization measures during 3 months incubation in microcosms. Crop residues mineralization is mainly governed by initially different microbiodiversities (derived from permanent grassland or conventional cropping system), and to a lesser extent by their biochemical quality. However, microbial dynamics are influenced by both, types of soils and nature of inputs. As for the sunflower stem coproducts (pith and bark), C mineralization is mainly dictated by their initial quality. Concerning the manufacturing process of a sunflower pith biobased material, it seems to favor its mineralization in soil. The return of this type of material to soil could thus constitute an interesting means of managing its end-of-life
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Fache, Maxence. "Fonctionnalisation et polymérisation de dérivés phénoliques naturels : Vers des matériaux aromatiques biosourcés Vanillin, a key-intermediate of biobased polymers Vanillin, a promising biobased building-block for monomer synthesis Biobased epoxy thermosets from vanillin-derived oligomers Amine hardeners and epoxy cross-linker from aromatic renewable resources Epoxy thermosets from model mixtures of the lignin-tovanillin process." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0014.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine très actif de la synthèse de polymères biosourcés. Les polymères époxy ont été choisis comme cible car ils présentent une double problématique de substitution du bisphénol A et d'utilisation de ressources renouvelables. L'objectif de ce travail est donc de préparer des polymères époxy biosourcés et d'évaluer leur potentiel en tant que substituts des solutions actuelles. Afin d'atteindre des propriétés thermo-mécaniques suffisantes, des composés naturels aromatiques doivent être utilisés. En effet, le cycle aromatique apporte rigidité et stabilité thermique au réseau. La vanilline est une des seules molécules aromatiques extraites de la biomasse qui soit disponible en quantités industrielles. Elle est obtenue par dépolymérisation en milieu basique et oxydant de lignine. Récemment, la préparation de polymères renouvelables à partir de vanilline a été intensivement explorée ; une revue sur ce sujet a été rédigée. La vanilline a servi de brique de base pour la préparation d'une plateforme de dérivés possédant des fonctionnalités variées. Des monomères diamine, diepoxy, ou dicyclocarbonate dérivés de vanilline ont – entre autres – été synthétisés. Les monomères diepoxy ont été réticulés avec un durcisseur amine commun et les polymères obtenus ont été caractérisés. Leurs propriétés thermo-mécaniques ont été reliées à la structure des monomères. Ces polymères époxy potentiellement biosourcés ont des propriétés comparables à la référence à base de bisphenol A. Afin de pouvoir moduler ces propriétés, des oligomères époxy de longueurs différentes ont été synthétisés à partir de vanilline selon la même méthode que celle utilisée industriellement. Ces oligomères et les polymères époxy qui en sont issus présentent effectivement des caractéristiques modulables. D'autres méthodes de contrôle des propriétés ont été testées, comme la préparation et la polymérisation de nouveaux durcisseurs aminés biosourcés, ou celle d'un monomère époxy trifonctionnel à partir de vanilline. Le polymère potentiellement biosourcé préparé à partir de ce dernier composé présente de meilleures propriétés que la référence à base de bisphénol A. Finalement, un travail portant plus sur la ressource a été réalisé. Des mélanges de composés phénoliques modélisant les produits obtenus lors du procédé de synthèse de vanilline à partir de lignine ont été préparés. L'utilisation de tels mélanges au lieu de la vanilline pure serait bénéfique autant économiquement qu'écologiquement. Ces mélanges ont été glycidylés, puis polymérisés, et les matériaux obtenus caractérisés. Les excellentes propriétés obtenues permettent d'envisager d'intégrer ce débouché à une bioraffinerie<br>The background of this work is the synthesis of bio-based polymers, a very active area of research. Epoxy thermosets were chosen as target because of the double problematic of bisphenol A substitution and of renewable resources use. Thus, the aim of this work is to prepare bio-based epoxy thermosets and to evaluate their potential as substitutes of current formulations. In order to display good thermo-mechanical properties, these polymers have to be prepared from renewable aromatics. Indeed, aromatic cycles bring rigidity and thermal stability to the network. Vanillin is one of the only aromatic molecules available from biomass at an industrial scale. It is obtained from the alkaline oxidative depolymerization of lignin. Recently, the preparation of renewable polymers from vanillin has been intensively explored; a review on this subject was compiled. Vanillin served as a building-block to prepare a platform of derivatives bearing various functions. Di-amine, di-epoxy, or di-(cyclic carbonate) monomers – among others – were synthesized. The di-epoxy monomers prepared were cross-linked with a common amine hardener and the polymers obtained were characterized. Their thermo-mechanical properties were linked to the monomers structure. These potentially bio-based epoxy thermosets have properties comparable to the bisphenol A-based reference. In order to tune these properties, vanillin-based epoxy oligomers were synthesized by the same method as the one used industrially. The properties of these oligomers and of the thermosets prepared from them could indeed be modulated. Other means of controlling the properties were tested, like the preparation and polymerization of new bio-based amine hardeners, or of a vanillin-based, tri-functional epoxy monomer. The thermoset prepared from this last compound displayed better properties than the bisphenol A-based reference. Finally, a work more centered on the resource was performed. Mixtures of phenolic compounds modelling the products of the lignin-to-vanillin process were prepared. The use of such mixtures instead of pure vanillin could be advantageous both from an economic and an ecologic point of view. These mixtures were glycidylated, polymerized, and the materials obtained were characterized. The excellent properties displayed by these materials allow a potential integration of this strategy in a bio-refinery
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HSU, KAI-HUNG, and 許凱閎. "Eco-Friendly Fully Bio-based Poly (Butylene Succinate-co-Propylene Succinate) Copolyesters:Effect in Glycerol as Cross-linking Agent." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xp74c3.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班<br>107<br>In this study, Poly(butylene succinate-co-propylene succinate) (PBSPS) was polymerized and composed of succinic acid (SA), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), and glycerol (GC). All the used monomers could be derived from plant extraction and renewable. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has a higher crystallinity of 71.5% and at a melting point (Tm) of 110 °C, while the poly(propylene succinate) (PPS) has a relatively low crystallinity with a Tm of 45 °C. The synthesized PBSPS copolyester at a BS/PS ratio of 7/3 has a low Tm at 80 °C and crystallization temperature (Tc) at a value of 20 °C. The amount of PS segment was increased from 30 to 50 mole%, the Tm and Tc of the obtained copolyesters were decreased, which caused by the occurrence of isodimorphism in the different composition of BS/PS ratio. The featured crystalline lattice of (021) and (110) of PBS were gradually disappeared at a 2θ of 21.5° and 22.5° with the increase of PS content more than 50 mole% to form PPS crystalline lattice in a 2θ of 22.3°. The PBSPS copolyesters have excellent thermal stability, having a higher Td above 300 ℃. The Young's modulus was decreased with the increase of the PS segment due to the decrease of crystallinity. In WAXD analysis, the amount of glycerol has an influence on the regularity of the chain movement, resulting in a decrease of crystallinity.
The chain movement could be restricted by glycerol content with partially cross-linking to enhance the thermal and mechanical property. From the point of view of DSC and WAXD analysis, the crystallinity could be decreased with varying content of glycerol due to the irregularity of the molecular chain. The PBSPS copolyesters could be exhibited in elastic property in a glycerol content of 0.001 mole% and have transformed to the rigid property with the glycerol content more than 0.01 mole%. The chain conformation has examined in irregular architecture at the glycerol ratio of 0.02–0.03 mole% due to a more cross-linking point. The molecular chain tended to flexible in a glycerol content between 0.001 and 0.01 mole%. Finally, the fully bio-based PBSPS copolyesters have been copolymerized successfully and could be controlled the thermal and mechanical behavior with adjusting the glycerol composition.
Based on the above, this study successfully prepared fully-biobased/low melting temperature thermolplastic, and modified the properties of copolyesters with a small amount of glycerin in different ranges.
Books on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Perera, S. A. C. N., and L. D. Amarasinghe, eds. Marching Towards a Bioeconomy. Institute of Biology, Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/bks.faps.00001.
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Bioeconomy has evolved as a solution to economic, social and environmental problems within and across all the sectors of world economies. It has brought about the materials technology shift from synthetics to bio-based raw materials to introduce sustainable technologies. Activities in the bioeconomy primarily involve the production of biomass from plants, animals, microorganisms and its conversion into bio-based products. Agriculture is a major component in a bioeconomy. Countries with a larger landmass have a competitive advantage in biomass production through agriculture hence a larger bioeconomy. Sri Lanka, with its limited land availability, cannot expand the land further for biomass production through traditional agriculture. The bioeconomy of Sri Lanka therefore have to move beyond traditional agriculture pursuing more scientific approaches for biomass production and conversion. The use of crops as a renewable industrial feedstock and the application of biotechnology are, therefore, indispensable for the implementation of sustainable development strategies in the country. The rich biodiversity on land and the sea of the country is still underutilized and has a great potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. There is a pressing need in the country to create a motivated society to pursue the promising prospects offered by the bioeconomy in development.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
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The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
Full textAbstract:
The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
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Willermet, Cathy, and Andrea Cucina, eds. Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056005.001.0001.
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Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica presents work from both Mesoamerican-based and U.S.-based researchers who use a combination of cultural ethnohistorical, (bio)archaeological, dental, and chemical data in an interdisciplinary approach to research population history in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The goals for such a project are threefold: 1) to encourage more cross-fertilization of work between fields and subfields, in order to more appropriately address large regional questions of population history; 2) to explicitly address the theoretical and methodological challenges and rewards of interdisciplinary research; and 3) to introduce a larger audience to the state of interdisciplinary work in Mesoamerica. The volume is organized into three primary sections. First, the editors discuss the theory and methods of interdisciplinary research, with a particular focus on bioarchaeological research. Then, we present authored case studies using interdisciplinary methods to analyze the population dynamics of migration and mobility (section two) and explore reconstructions of ethnicity and social identity (section three). A concluding chapter integrates these studies and places them into a broader research framework to guide future research.
Book chapters on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Warra, Aliyu Ahmad, and Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad. "Bio-based Products, Waste to Wealth and Development of Circular Bioeconomy." In Industrial Crops. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429346279-17.
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Hood, Elizabeth E., Keat Teoh, Shivakumar P. Devaiah, and Deborah Vicuna Requesens. "Biomass biomass Crops for Biofuels and Bio-based Products biomass crops crops for biofuels and bio-based products." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_170.
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Hood, Elizabeth E., Keat Teoh, Shivakumar P. Devaiah, and Deborah Vicuna Requesens. "Biomass biomass Crops for Biofuels and Bio-based Products biomass crops crops for biofuels and bio-based products." In Sustainable Food Production. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_170.
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Jintrawet, Attachai, and Kono Yasuyuki. "Current Situation and Future of Precision Agriculture in Thailand." In Countries and Regions. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2835-0_7.
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AbstractThe traditional agricultural research and improvement framework, based on the reductionism paradigm, that form the conceptual basis of agriculture today, are insufficient to address the demands of various actors. Precision Agriculture (PA), paradigms and technologies, have their origins in improving the efficiency of farm-level agricultural resource management based on understanding-driven/data-driven paradigm (UDP), especially modeling and decision support systems (DSS). DSS can be further developed into PA Simulators and are relevant to agricultural systems in a small-farm context. UDP paradigm is systemically creating new collaborative learning and evolving predictive capacity, which create opportunities to co-manage limited resources. In Thailand since 2015, PA was considered as a means of helping policy makers, researchers, and farmers to deal with increased information, increasingly complex decisions and to professionalize their activities. PA has been widely proposed and developed as providing a basis for improving sustainability of farm-level resource management. However, PA has, up-to-now and in practice, had limited impact in many farm-level resource management contexts, in particular land and labor resources in Thailand. Failures can be attributed to non-delivery, inaccessible technologies and un-coordinated-isolated-silo-short-term-based agencies/actors of government institutions. We have conducted a series of forums on PA for fruit crops with groups of experts and key stakeholders during late 2020 to early 2021. Four plausible future scenarios of PA for fruit crops in Thailand were formulated based on trends and drivers in social, technology, economy, environment, policy and value contexts. It was concluded that policy makers, with long-term political wills, must reinvent the entire institutional system to take advantage of emerging analog and digital technologies. The new system should meet demands and challenges of the BCG model (Bio-Circular-Green economy model). The model called for inclusiveness of actors, i.e., small farms and multi-disciplinary scientists for long-term vision and goal.
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Minguela, Erick, J. Mario García-Valdez, and Juan Julián Merelo Guervós. "An Event-Based Architecture for Cross-Breed Multi-population Bio-inspired Optimization Algorithms." In Applications of Evolutionary Computation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43722-0_44.
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Trigo, Eduardo, Hugo Chavarria, Carl Pray, et al. "The Bioeconomy and Food System Transformation." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_45.
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AbstractThis chapter identifies opportunities around bioeconomic concepts for the transformation of food systems. Bioeconomy is a multi-dimensional concept and blends well with the food systems concept. Its goals include the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the efficient use of energy and material; responsible consumption; and social inclusion through innovation, with a focus on the transformation of the structure of production. Bioeconomy makes important contributions to sustainable economic growth from the environmental and social points of view, offering direct jobs and employment and higher value addition. Bioeconomy offers support for the transformation of food systems by increasing crop and livestock yields through sustainable intensification activities. It can strengthen local value chains, promoting the reuse and recycling of food resources. These strategies at the local level contribute to poverty reduction through the creation of new rural jobs. Food system resilience can be strengthened based on the diversification of agricultural commodity production, the increased use of bio-based inputs in agriculture and the diversification of rural incomes through the rural production of bioenergy, bio-based industry and environmental services. Bioeconomy can be effectively used for the upscaling of biotechnology innovations, improved environmental sustainability and climate resilience, and improved nutrition and health. Links between the bioeconomy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are demonstrated by using the indicators of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for monitoring and evaluating the bioeconomy.
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Böhm, S., A. Winkel, M. Kahlmeyer, B. Fazliu, M. Horn, and T. Fuhrmann-Lieker. "Algae-Based Phlorotannins as a Sustainable Feedstock for Epoxy Resin Formulation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_89.
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AbstractBisphenol A is the most important chemical for producing epoxy resins, but as of today is not bio-based accessible. Furthermore, it is rated as a substance of very high concern and possesses reproductive toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties. Phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols, are structurally highly suited for serving as sustainable bisphenol A alternatives. They are largely found in brown algae, which are already being harvested for alginate production. Phlorotannins thus represent a promising marine raw material for the chemical industry which otherwise has received little attention in research to date, at least in the field of epoxy resin formulation. For this study, an epoxy-resin model compound based on phloroglucin, the simplest phlorotannin, was chosen to gain insight into reactivity and thermo-mechanical characteristics. As curing agents, well-established systems for ambient-temperature cure, e.g. isophorone diamine, as well as anhydrides for heat cure were applied. In all cases, thermosets with glass transition temperatures higher than 100 ℃ could be obtained under cross-linking conditions comparable to today’s procedures. In the case of a phthalic acid anhydride derivative, even a Tg of 198 ℃ has been determined, proving the high potential of the cured systems for industrial usage, e.g. as impregnating resins for fiber-reinforced plastics.
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Moreno, Isabel, Mauricio Fernando Martínez, Daniel Ortiz, et al. "Progress on “Piñafibre” Project: Unlocking the Potential of Dual-Purpose Crop by the Utilization of Pineapple Leaf Fibers for Bio-Based Textiles." In Waste as a Resource. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84359-4_3.
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Leytem, April, Robert Dungan, Mindy Spiehs, and Dan Miller. "Safe and sustainable use of bio-based fertilizers in agricultural production systems." In Developing circular agricultural production systems. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2023.0120.16.
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Recycling and/or upcycling of agricultural byproducts containing valuable nutrients back into agricultural systems as bio-based fertilizers can improve the circularity and sustainability of food production. However, in some instances, there may be negative environmental consequences or safety concerns that need to be considered. This chapter discusses some common issues regarding the use of bio-based fertilizers, such as the concentration of nutrients leading to losses of reactive nitrogen and phosphorus into the environment. Potential issues with heavy metals, pathogens, antibiotics and other contaminants that can pose a health risk to humans, animals, crops and the ecosystem are also discussed. Finally, a case study investigating the effects of intensive livestock production on both reactive nitrogen losses and antibiotic resistance in the environment is presented. Recognizing and managing the risks associated with the use of bio-based fertilizers is necessary to fully integrate these products back into production systems, thereby enhancing the circularity of agriculture.
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Singh, Megha. "ECO-MATERIALS (RECYCLED, MATERIALS FROM WASTE, BIO BASED MATERIALS ETC.)." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 3 Book 6. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjce6p2ch7.
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India is a very populous nation that is also heavily agricultural, producing a lot of agricultural waste, including straw from crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane. Straw bales may be used in construction to cut waste and make good use of this plentiful resource. Because of a rise in pollutants, an expanding population is contributing to environmental damage. It struggles with a variety of climatic issues, such as excessive heat in several areas. Excellent insulation offered by straw-bale constructions may keep indoor areas cool throughout the sweltering summer months and lessen the need for expensive cooling equipment. There are environmental issues in this nation, such as air pollution and deforestation. Utilizing straw bales lessens the need for more energy-intensive, environmentally destructive construction materials like bricks and concrete. Overall, this chapter will cover the advantages of using straw bales in structures in India as well as the characteristics of straw walls and the acceptable climatic conditions needed for their construction.
Conference papers on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Erbasu, Ruxandra, Ioana Teodorescu, Andrei Sabau, and Daniela Tapusi. "UNSTEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GLULAMINATED TIMBER ELEMENTS SUBJECTED TO FIRE." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s26.49.
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The paper presents the procedures of introducing the unsteady state numerical analysis domain for simulating the mechanical behavior of glue laminated timber (glulam) elements when subjected to high temperatures. For any analysis applied to characterize the fire resistance of wood, glue laminated timber implicitly, the unsteady state numerical analysis domain must be applied, considering the heat propagation, humidity percentage loss and the overall change of the mechanical characteristics of the components through a phenomenon that can be simulated as phase transformation. Behavior of glued laminated timber when subjected to fire is equally influenced by the behavior of adhesives in the cross section composition together with the wood lamellas. Even the focus of fire resistance analysis was on the characteristics and properties of wood, the type of adhesive is of great importance also. The current adhesives used, like phenolic or aminoplastic offer good mechanical properties and satisfactory results in terms of strength, durability or fire resistance, for which provisions and details are already included in standards. The paper studies the delamination when structural element is subjected to high temperatures with discussion if localized effects relate to sectional behavior. This paper is based on the background offered by a research project aiming to develop a testing system for the mechanical behavior of some new configurations of glulam composite materials (comprising different wood essences and adhesives) when subjected to high temperatures. The need for this type of analysis is becoming more topical due to the trend of replacing with bio-renewable materials (wood) structural elements from materials whose production is energy-intensive (especially steel and cement) within the framework of the European policy "Green New Deal" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, of which the construction industry is responsible for approximately 40-50%.
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Chaussy, Mariann, Morgan Chabannes, Arnaud Day, David Bulteel, Frederic Becquart, and Boubker Laidoudi. "Plant Biomass Used for Green Concrete: A Review of Treatment Methods." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.601.
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Human activities require a growing need for raw materials. In order to contribute to sustainable development, many business sectors are focusing on biomass valorization. Whether from dedicated crops or first industrial processing, it generates materials with high potential that can be used in many fields. Non-food uses mainly concern the energy, chemical, and construction sectors. Whatever the intended application, a pre-treatment stage is essential to clean the material and/or to access a specific fraction. An additional modification may occur in order to endow the material with a new function thanks to a process known as functionalization. Uses of plant fractions (aggregates) in combination with cement offer advantages like low-density materials with attractive thermophysical properties for building. However, their development is limited by the compatibility of crop by-products with hydraulic binders such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This includes delays in setting time and hydrophilic character of vegetal components and their interaction with an alkaline environment. The aggregate/cement interfaces can therefore be strongly affected. In addition, the diversity of crop by-products and mineral binders increases the level of complexity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the treatment of plant fractions before their use with mineral binders may result in significant benefits. In this way, various treatments have been tested, but the methods used at an industrial scale remain relatively under-researched. The purpose of this review is therefore to highlight the mechanisms involved in each specific process, thus justifying the operating conditions specific to each. This bibliography study aims to highlight potential treatments that could apply to biomass before their mixing with cementitious binders. According to the objective, a distinction can be made between extraction processes as hydrothermal or solvent treatments, assisted or not, and structural modification processes as surface treatments, impregnation, or grafting.
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Hermansah, Hermansah, Nurainas Nurainas, Lusi Maira, Suryani Suryani, Lukman Nul Hakim, and Panji Romadhan. "The status and stocks of soil nutrients under different microhabitats of medicinal crops in West Sumatra." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BIO-BASED ECONOMY FOR APPLICATION AND UTILITY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128190.
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Majumdar, Ayanava, Mark A. Boetel, Stefan T. Jaronski, Robert J. Dregseth, and Alan J. Schroeder. "Bio-based management of sugarbeet root maggot by integrating an insect pathogenic fungus and cereal cover crops." In American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. ASSBT, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2007.67.
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Duy, Thuan Vo, Thanh Vo Minh, and Minh Nguyen Ngoc Truong. "Design an Internet of Things and Machine Learning Based System for Insect Monitoring in Bio-Pesticides Crops." In 2023 IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssp53291.2023.10207962.
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Kakihara, Takahiro, and Kiyoshi Yanagihara. "Development of Bio-Mass Fuel for Small Displacement Engine to Reduce CO2: Feasibility of Disposed Alcoholic Beverages as Bio-Mass Source." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54736.
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This study deals with bio-ethanol distilled from disposed alcoholic beverages. Through the various experiments while using a small displacement engine which is equipped with electric fuel injection (E.F.I.) system, the feasibility of the disposed alcoholic beverages; leftover-beer is investigated as one of the bio-mass sources. Currently bio-masses are classified into the following seven bio-mass sources, livestock excreta, sewage sludge, human waste sludge, waste of food, agricultural residue, wood-based (wood chips) bio-mass and crops. In those bio-mass sources, the authors pay their attention to the amount of leftover-beer after a banquet. Our investigation clarifies that about 12 l of beer is left and disposed after a banquet of 150 people. Since beer contains 5% alcohols, 600 cc of ethanol can be obtained without fermentation process. Thus in order to obtain alcohol as a fuel, in collaboration with some hotels, leftover-beer is collected. As to a fuel, higher concentration of distilled alcoholic beverages is preferable. Therefore a new double distillation system is developed to separate water, and 85.9% bio-ethanol fuel is produced from 5% alcoholic density of leftover-beer. The ethanol evaporation characteristic of this bio-ethanol is investigated, it is equal to 98% ethanol reagent. This showed that it can be mixed with gasoline. Also, in order to confirm its performance as a fuel, the obtained ethanol is experimented with 121 cc of small displacement engine which is equipped with E.F.I. system. The results of this experiment are compared to unleaded gasoline and showed that it has the same performance of engine power, especially in case of before top dead center (B.T.D.C.) 15.0 deg.. We also calculated the volume of CO2 emission discharged in distilled ethanol under driving conditions B.T.D.C. 15.0 deg., 4000 rpm, for 1 hour. The CO2 production of distilled ethanol is 34.4 kgCO2, on the other hand, CO2 production of unleaded gasoline is 2.82 kgCO2. This result shows that the system with high energy efficiency to separate ethanol and water is desired. Furthermore, the density of acetaldehyde from exhaust gas is analyzed. An extremely low reading of 28 ppm is obtained. The results prove the effect of acetaldehyde to the human body is negligible. Finally, employing 50 cc motorcycles with our developed E.F.I. system, experiment with bio-mass ethanol is executed. The results proved the feasibility of our developed bio-ethanol can be a new low emission bio-mass source.
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Raizada, Abhishek, and Yogendra Sarin. "An Efficient and Integrated Biomass to Sustainable Low-Carbon Bio-Ethylene Process." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/222213-ms.
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Abstract Various types of biomass such as agriculture waste/residues and sustainably sourced woody biomass can be utilized to produce circular, low carbon biofuels such as SAF/gasoline/methanol and Diesel for decarbonization of transport, as well as biobased chemicals like Ethylene Oxide (EO), Polyethylene and others. The entire process for conversion of biomass to biofuels and renewable chemicals presents a highly efficient, integrated and a low carbon sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as a solution urgently needed to combat climate change and for meeting the Net Zero Goals by 2050. The integrated process backed by trade secrets and extensive IP involves i) conversion of biomass into bioethanol intermediate via Petron's highly efficient and commercially demonstrated Cellulosic Ethanol G2.0 technology, and ii) dehydration (water removal) of bioethanol into high purity bio-ethylene. The ethylene produced is then purified upto the required grades depending on the downstream applications. The biomass feedstock undergoes efficient pretreatment and is converted into constituent sugars via action of enzymes followed by fermentation into beer (alcohol) with high efficiency and yields. The beer is then purified to produce the required quality of ethanol which can be directly fed into Petron's proprietary Ethanol to Ethylene (EtE) process. The non-converted process residues are used as renewable fuel for green energy production. The bioethanol is dehydrated over a proprietary catalyst to produce high quality ethylene used for plastics, chemical and biofuel production. The water produced in the reaction is fully recycled back into the process requiring minimum freshwater and effluent generation. This paper presents a low cost, efficient and integrated biorefinery concept for non-food biomass crops and waste biomass conversion into low carbon bio ethylene - the foundation of the global chemical industry for biofuels, plastics and bio-based chemicals production. These biorefineries efficiently utilize either separately or a combination of low grade biomass crops (such as non-edible corn) and/or Cellulosic Biomass waste as feedstocks to produce multiple products such as High Protein Animal Nutrition Feed and Corn Oil (in case of non-edible biomass corn feedstock)ONLY the waste starch and fiber residues converted into low carbon EthanolBiogenic CO2 produced during ethanol fermentation is of high purity and can be used for multiple applicationsThe bioethanol once produced becomes a platform for production of BIOETHYLENE - the heart of the chemical industry – which can be converted further into biofuels such as Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) as well as downstream renewable chemicals
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Hawkes, G. L., J. E. O’Brien, and M. G. McKellar. "Liquid Bio-Fuel Production From Non-Food Biomass via High Temperature Steam Electrolysis." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62588.
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Two hybrid energy processes that enable production of synthetic liquid fuels that are compatible with the existing conventional liquid transportation fuels infrastructure are presented. Using biomass as a renewable carbon source, and supplemental hydrogen from high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE), these two hybrid energy processes have the potential to provide a significant alternative petroleum source that could reduce US dependence on imported oil. The first process discusses a hydropyrolysis unit with hydrogen addition from HTSE. The second process discusses a process named Bio-Syntrolysis. The Bio-Syntrolysis process combines hydrogen from HTSE with CO from an oxygen-blown biomass gasifier that yields syngas to be used as a feedstock for synthesis of liquid transportation fuels via a Fischer-Tropsch process. Conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbon fuels, using a biomass-based carbon source, expands the application of renewable energy beyond the grid to include transportation fuels. It can also contribute to grid stability associated with non-dispatchable power generation. The use of supplemental hydrogen from HTSE enables greater than 90% utilization of the biomass carbon content which is about 2.5 times higher than carbon utilization associated with traditional cellulosic ethanol production. If the electrical power source needed for HTSE is based on nuclear or renewable energy, the process is carbon neutral. INL has demonstrated improved biomass processing prior to gasification. Recyclable biomass in the form of crop residue or energy crops would serve as the feedstock for this process. A process model of syngas production using high temperature electrolysis and biomass gasification is presented. Process heat from the biomass gasifier is used to heat steam for the hydrogen production via the high temperature steam electrolysis process. Oxygen produced form the electrolysis process is used to control the oxidation rate in the oxygen-blown biomass gasifier.
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N, Narwal, Choudhary R, Poras B, Ms Neha, Kapil Saini, and Ajay Sharma. "ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PANCHGAVYA IN CURING PLANT DISEASE." In MODERN AGRICULTURE: INNOVATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR A RESILIENT FUTURE. Anu Books, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31995/book.ab334.a25.chapter4.
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Panchgavya, the age-old organic preparation from cow-based products-milk, ghee, curd, dung and urine-has again found exciting scientific inputs in sustainable agriculture. Panchgavya, as recorded in Vedaas and Vrikshayurveda promotes ecological balance, etc., crop resistance and act as a good substitute for chemical fertilizer and pesticides. This review discusses its multiple benefits, ranging from plant growth promotion to tolerance to disease and finally yield. The efficacy of Panchgavya is tremendous in the management of plant diseases like early blight in tomato, sheath blight in rice, southern sun hemp mosaic virus and stem gall disease (bacterial) in coriander. The biological and chemical properties enable improved photosynthesis, more denseness of roots and better drought resistance which is crucial for sustainable farming. The other clues in the review include a helper of microbes for suppressing the pathogen and its role in controlling post-harvest diseases. Panchgavya as An eco-friendly-low-cost-input promoting soil health, enhancing quality of crops and reducing dependency on synthetic inputs – the findings are focused on these aspects. This all-encompassing review highlights that it potentially opens new avenues of its use in organic agriculture as well as bio pesticides thereby promoting a sustainable and resilient agricultural future.
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Mahutga, Ryan R., Stephen P. Gent, and Michael P. Twedt. "Developing a Model to Predict the Torrefaction of Biomass." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6377.
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With increasing fuel costs and more emphasis being placed on sustainable sources of energy, biomass from agricultural residues and energy crops are becoming an increasingly viable value-added resource for the rural economies in United States and throughout the world. Torrefaction, a thermochemical reaction process, is a form of mild-pyrolysis that improves the qualities of biomass feedstocks for use as a fuel similar to charcoal. This research presents a user-centered computational framework to predict the effects of torrefaction of biomass. The reaction model is based on recently developed models for the torrefaction of willow. The basis for this model is a two stage, solid mass loss kinetics reaction where Arrhenius kinetic parameters are estimated based on experimentally obtained TGA data. Utilizing these parameters along with solid product formation equations it is possible to determine the solid mass yield, as well as the yields of the two stages of pseudo-volatiles released during reaction. Chemical species composition of the volatiles is determined from a system of constrained linear equations based on calculated volatile yield data and experimental results. The reaction model is implemented into MATLAB R2012b as a standalone program with a graphical user interface to obtain inputs, and display numeric and graphic results. The overall goal of this model is to provide a guide for improving conversion efficiency of biomass to bio-char.
Reports on the topic "Bio-based crops"
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Ndoye, Aïssatou, Khadim Dia, and Racine Ly. AAgWa Crop Production Forecasts Brief Series - Issue N.03. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/acpf.03.
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Brief 3 presents forecasts on millet production levels in Côte d’Ivoire based on AKADEMIYA2063’s Africa Crop Production (AfCP) model. The AfCP is an artificial intelligence (AI) based forecasting model applied to remotely sensed bio-geophysical data to produce estimates of crop production for nine crops in 47 African countries before the harvesting period. Thus, millet production statistics in Côte d’Ivoire are presented in this brief.
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Ndoye, Aïssatou, Khadim Dia, and Racine Ly. AAgWa Crop Production Forecasts Brief Series - Issue N.04. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/acpf.04.
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The Africa Agriculture Watch (AAgWa) Crop Production Forecast Brief 4 by AKADEMIYA2063 seeks to provide accurate production levels in Burkina Faso using the Africa Food Crop Production (AfCP) model. The AfCP, developed by AKADEMIYA2063, is an artificial intelligence (AI) based predictive model applied to remotely sensed bio-geophysical data to estimate crop yields and harvests before the harvesting period for nine crops across 47 African countries.
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Ndoye, Aïssatou, Khadim Dia, and Racine Ly. AAgWa Crop Production Forecasts Brief Series - Issue N.06. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/acpf.06.
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The Africa Agriculture Watch (AAgWa) Crop Production Forecasts by AKADEMIYA2063 aim to provide more accurate and timely statistics about harvest and yield levels for nine crops across 47 African countries. Developed at AKADEMIYA2063, the Africa Crop Production (AfCP) model is an artificial intelligence (AI) based forecasting model applied to remotely sensed bio-geophysical data to produce estimates of expected crop yields and harvests at the beginning of every growing season.
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Ndoye, Aïssatou, Khadim Dia, and Racline Ly. AAgWa Crop Production Forecasts Brief Series - Issue N.05. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/acpf.05.
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The Africa Agriculture Watch (AAgWa) Crop Production Forecast Brief 5 by AKADEMIYA2063 provides timely and accurate statistics on millet production in Sierra Leone using the Africa Crop Production (AfCP) model. Developed at AKADEMIYA2063, the AfCP is an artificial intelligence (AI) based forecasting model applied to remotely sensed bio-geophysical data to produce estimates of expected crop yields and harvests at the beginning of every growing season for nine crops across 47 African countries.
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Ndoye, Aïssatou, Khadim Dia, and Racine Ly. AAgWa Crop Production Forecasts Brief Series - Issue N.07. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/acpf.07.
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The Africa Agriculture Watch (AAgWa) Crop Production Forecast Brief 7 by AKADEMIYA2063 provides accurate and timely statistics about millet production in Mali. The Africa Crop Production (AfCP) model developed at AKADEMIYA2063 is used to forecast millet production. The AfCP is an artificial intelligence (AI) based forecasting model applied to remotely sensed bio-geophysical data to estimate expected crop yields and harvests at the beginning of every growing season for nine crops across nearly 47 African countries.
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Dammer, Lara, Michael Carus, and Olaf Porc. The Use of Food and Feed Crops for Bio-based Materials and the Related Effects on Food Security – Long Version. Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52548/wqxu7327.
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Taheripour, Farzad, and Wally Tyner. Introducing First and Second Generation Biofuels into GTAP Data Base version 7*. GTAP Research Memoranda, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm21.
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The first version of GTAP-BIO Data Base was built based on the GTAP standard data base version 6 which represents the world economy in 2001 (Taheripour et al., 2007). That data base covers global production, consumption, and trade of the first generation of biofuels including ethanol from grains (eth1), ethanol from sugarcane (eth2), and biodiesel (biod) from oilseeds in 2001. Version 7 of GTAP Data Base, which depicts the world economy in 2004, is now published (Narayanan, B.G. and T.L. Walmsley, 2008). However, this standard data base does not include biofuel industries explicitly. The first objective of this research memorandum is to introduce the first generation of biofuels into this new data base. To accomplish this task we will follow Taheripour et al. (2007). The rapid expansion of the first generation of biofuels in the past decades has raised important concerns related to food-fuel competition, land use change, and other economic and environmental issues. These issues have increased interest in the second generation of biofuels which can be produced from cellulosic materials such as dedicated crops, agricultural and forest residues, and waste materials. To examine the economic and environmental consequences of the second generation of biofuels, a CGE model is an appropriate and essential instrument. A data base which presents the first and second generation of biofuels will facilitate research in this field. Hence the second objective of this research memorandum is to expand the space of biofuel alternatives to the second generation. Given that advanced cellulosic biofuels are not yet commercially viable, we used the most up to date information in this area to define the production technologies for these industries.
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Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes. Assessing the Economic Viability of Bio-based Products for Missouri Value-added Crop Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861274.
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Sathyanadh, Anusha, and Helene Muri. Open access dataset of ESM simulations of combined land- and ocean-based NETs. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.7.
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In this deliverable, we perform Earth system model (ESM) simulations to assess the role of land-based and ocean-based negative emission technologies (NETs) for achieving the temperature target set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. The dataset provided from this work package will be used for investigating carbon sequestration potential, side-effects and potential constraints of combining oceanic and terrestrial NETs with the help of an earth system model, NorESM2. Two long NorESM2 coupled simulations with SSP5-3.4-OS scenario are conducted to check the CDR potential of terrestrial CDR, and terrestrial and marine CDR together by combining land-based Bioenergy for Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinization Enhancement (OAE) scenarios together. For the terrestrial BECCS simulation, the default land use distribution in the original CMIP6 SSP5-3.4 land use dataset is modified to accommodate more bioenergy crop in the future while keeping the total crop area of 2015 for food throughout the century and combining it with a bio-CCS system. For the second simulation we combined the above terrestrial BECCS simulation with 2030-high OAE scenario from Deliverable 4.6. A higher amount of carbon captured by making use of the carbon sequestration potential of land and ocean together. (OceanNets Deliverable ; D4.7)
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Eickhout, Bas, Hans van Meijl, Andrzej Tabeau, and Elke Stehfest. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Constraints on Global Food Supply. GTAP Working Paper, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp47.
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*Chapter 9 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The goal of this Chapter is to study the complex interaction between agriculture, economic growth and the environment, given future uncertainties. We combine economic concepts and biophysical constraints in one consistent modeling framework to be able to quantify and analyze the long-term socio-economic and environmental consequences of different scenarios. Here, we present the innovative methodology of coupling an economic and a biophysical model to combine state of the art knowledge from economic and biophysical sources. First, a comprehensive representation of the agricultural and land markets is required in the economic model. Therefore we included a land demand structure to reflect the degree of substitutability of types of land-use types and we included a land supply curve to include the process of land conversion and land abandonment. Secondly, the adapted economic model (LEITAP) is linked to the biophysical-based integrated assessment model IMAGE allowing to feed back spatially and temporarily varying land productivity to the economic framework. Thirdly, the land supply curves in the economic model are parameterized by using the heterogeneous information of land productivity from IMAGE. This link between an economic and biophysical model benefits from the strengths of both models. The economic model captures features of the global food market, including relations between world regions, whereas the bio-physical model adds geographical explicit information on crop growth within each world region. An illustrative baseline analyses shows the environmental consequences of the default baseline and a sensitivity analyses is performed with regard to the land supply curve. Results indicate that economic and environmental consequences are very dependent on whether a country is land scarce or land abundant.