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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-based crops'
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1
Gimondo, J. Austin, Christopher J. Currey, Darren H. Jarboe, Martin Gross, and William R. Graves. "Wastewater-grown Algae Pellets and Paste as Fertilizers for Containerized Crops." HortScience 54, no. 3 (2019): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13474-18.
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Drawbacks of traditional synthetic fertilizer led us to explore a biologically based (bio-based) alternative. Our objective was to quantify the efficacy of wastewater-grown algae pellets and pastes harvested from rotating algal biofilm systems as fertilizers for three crops, ‘Honeycomb’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.), ‘Beefsteak’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and ‘Ambrosia’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Factorial experiments were designed for each crop with fertilizer type (algae pellets, algae paste, a synthetic controlled-release fertilizer, or a commercially available bio-based fertilizer from wastewater treatment) and substrate (commercial or custom-made) as factors. Shoot growth, shoot nutrient concentration, and substrate pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were affected by fertilizer, substrate, or their interaction. Algae pellets and paste supplied nutrients to all three species effectively, increasing shoot size, dry weight, perceived health, and nutrient concentrations compared with unfertilized controls. Notwithstanding some variability among crops, performance of algal materials was similar to that of the synthetic fertilizer and better than that of the commercial bio-based fertilizer. As a bio-based fertilizer that supplies plants with recycled nutrients sequestered from wastewater, wastewater-grown algae can reduce the impacts of mineral nutrition management in container-crop production by partially supplanting synthetic fertilizer use.
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Petrov, Daniel, Desislava Toteva, and Petar Marinov. "Production of part of the organic crops, compared to the traditional production in the country." Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Management 70, no. 1 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.61308/hped8454.
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The natural endowment is vitally important for the development of various types of agricultural crops affecting society. The imposition of “new agricultural crops” is associated with the development of science and the need for such for the future. In this regard, bio-cultures are an alternative to conventional production. In the future, bio-culturities will take their place in the country’s economy. Their capabilities as raw materials will be transformed according to the needs and consumption, both for the processing industry and for society. His is the “connection” between the two types of cultures – the traditional ones, without which society cannot exist at this stage, and on the other hand, the bio-cultures, which claim their place in the future. Analysis and conclusions are based on the period 2012 – 2021. In the development of the scientific publication, the following statistical, mathematical and comparative methods (for a certain period of time) were used, which aim to reveal the relationship between organic and conventional crops.
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Vourdoubas, John. "Estimation of the Required Bio-fuels Substituting Petroleum-based Fuels in Vehicles in the Island of Crete, Greece." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 4 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i4.18995.
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The required bio-fuels for substituting petroleum-based fuels in vehicles in the island of Crete, Greece have been estimated. The quantities of gasoline and diesel oil currently used in vehicles in Crete as well as their GHG emissions have been calculated. The quantities of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel substituting 14% of them, according to the EU goal for 2030, have been evaluated. The necessary land area for cultivating energy crops producing the required bio-fuels has been also calculated. The total quantity of gasoline and diesel oil used in vehicles in 2020 in Crete has been estimated at 273,231 tons while their CO2 emissions at 886,702 tons. The bio-ethanol required for substituting 14% of the annual gasoline consumption has been calculated at 29,709 tons while the bio-diesel required for substituting 14% of the annual diesel oil consumption at 24,802 tons. The necessary land area cultivated with sugar beet producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-ethanol has been estimated at 7,427 ha while the necessary land area cultivated with rape seed producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-diesel has been estimated at 24,802 ha. The overall necessary land area, at 32,229 ha, corresponds at 3.81% of the total area in Crete. Energy crops have not been cultivated so far in Crete while the land availability is limited. It is proposed that apart from using bio-fuels in conventional vehicles equipped with ICEs different options for reducing GHG emissions in transportation, including the use of electric vehicles, should be considered in Crete.
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Knfe Yakob, Bahran, EricksonTchuda Lopes Mam, and Gins Murat Sabirovich. "Role of bio-stimulants on the advancement of vegetable production: A review." Agricultural Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (2024): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2024.04.035.
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Abstract. Since climate of the globe is changing abruptly, causing tremendous challenges (biotic and abiotic stresses) on the production of vegetable crops, it seems to be difficult to ensure the food security for the rapidly growing population of the world if sustainable production systems are adopted. Though farmers are indiscriminately applying inorganic fertilizers and plant protection chemicals to replenish the fertility of their fields and protect their plants from pests, the issue of sustainable production seems to have been forgotten. Thus, the use of organic factors of production is a must in order to overcome the challenges so that production of healthy products can be maintained in an eco-friendly manner through the utilization of Bio-stimulators. Bio-stimulants have a crucial role in enhancing the growth, development and overall performance of different vegetable crops belonging to different families; Solanaceae, Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Brassicaceae. The most commonly utilized bio-stimulants in the field of agriculture worldwide are humic substances (humic acid and fulvic acid), plant or animal-based protein hydrolysates, macro and micro-algal extracts (seaweed extracts), silicon, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Bio-stimulants have important role in enhancing the growth characteristics, yielding potential, biochemical compositions (concentrations of ascorbic acid, and carotenoid content) in tomato plants and in other plants belonging to Solanaceae family like eggplant. Application of different types of bio-stimulants results in the improvement of growth, yields and chlorophyll and allicin contents in the Alliaceae species (onion and garlic). In the vegetable crops belonging to the family of Amaranthaceae (Spinach and Amaranthus), bio-stimulants have important impacts in the improvement of seed germination, increasing of plant height, photosynthetic pigments, yield and nutritional composition. Increased plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, yield parameters, phenolic and flavonoid compounds and seed fatty acid concentration are also the results of bio-stimulant applications in the brassica species (cabbage, broccoli, rapeseed, mustard). Thus, the sustainable agriculture systems could be guaranteed by using bio-stimulants to boost the production of vegetable crops both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Ashwinikumar B. Kshirsagar and Ashok A. Shinde. "Bio-plastic from renewable biomass sources." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (2023): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0012.
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Bio-plastics are environment – friendly and biodegradable hence provide an effective way to replace the conventional plastics. In this experiment five different crops were taken and then extracted the starch from each crop. Starch is used as a source for producing bio-plastics. Bio-plastic were generated from different starches. Sorghum showed the maximum production of starch (369gm). 15% glycerol is used as a plasticiser and bio-plastics was produced from the extracted starch. Glycerol increases its flexibility. Sodium meta-bisulphate was used as a antimicrobial activity. Maize showed the maximum production of plastic i.e. 28.26 gm. Once the bio-plastics made, the quality parameters were studied. Like tensile strength, elongation test and degradation test. While calculating tensile strength the stretchiness and toughness of that particular bio-plastic sample is important and the tensile strength of maize is 5.80 Mpa found to be maximum among all. An elongation test was carried out, and maximum elongation was takes place in plastic made from potato starch i.e it was elongated about 1.89 cm. In the degradation test the bio-plastic from rice takes more time for degradation. It degrades at the rate of 5.67 gm plastic in 10 days and plastic from sorghum degrades rapidly than other crops. In this study, the experiment conducted in order to produce biodegradable plastic from starch isolated from the different crops. The plastic sample produced may not characteristics of a petrochemical based plastic but it is good in biodegradability. Its tensile strength found that the plastic can be stretched as a conventional plastic. Bio-plastic s doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals. It will help us to protect the environment.
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Rana, Lalita, Navnit Kumar, Jitendra Rajput, et al. "Unlocking Potential: The Role of Zinc Fortification Combating Hidden Hunger and Enhancing Nutritional Security." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 10 (2024): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i102986.
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Micronutrient shortage is rapidly becoming apparent have drawn more attention in the cultivation of crops. The main causes of this deficit are the introduction of high-yielding varieties, an intensified cropping strategy, and advanced irrigation systems etc. A further aspect contributing to this issue is the increased use of high analysis chemical fertilizers instead of organic plant nutrition (composts, farmyard manure, etc.). Most countries have acute shortages of micronutrients due to the significant depletion of soil reserves caused by current agricultural production technologies. In order to increase both the quantity and quality of crops, micronutrients are crucial. Through the integration of agronomic, breeding and transgenic techniques, researchers seek to strengthen the zinc concentration in field crops, so improving their nutritional value and mitigating the risk of zinc deficiency in human diets. The availability and absorption of micronutrients in crops are improved by agronomic techniques such as foliar spraying, and soil fertilizer treatment including organic amendments. Meanwhile, biofortification of vegetable and fruit crops has also been achieved by transgenic and breeding strategies. In other hand, Rhizobacteria-based biofortification, Chelated Zn biofortification, nutri-priming are also important techniques in Zinc fortification programs to ensure food security and nutritional quality, bio-fortification of micronutrients in crops is vital. In addition, bio-fortification improved quality and crop output, reducing hidden hunger and demonstrating that it was a viable and economical approach. The present review addresses several aspects of zinc insufficiency in human populations, including public health and socioeconomic issues, bio-fortification and ferti-fortification studies, and future efforts to mitigate zinc deficiency in soil and the population at large.
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Godard, Anaïs, Pascale de Caro, Emeline Vedrenne, Zéphirin Mouloungui, and Sophie Thiebaud-Roux. "From crops to products for crops: preserving the ecosystem through the use of bio-based molecules." OCL 23, no. 5 (2016): D510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016037.
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Bērziņš, Andris, Ramunas Tupciauskas, Martins Andzs, and Gunars Pavlovichs. "Potential of some Latvian Industrial Crops Residuals for Conversion to Bio-Based Thermal Insulation Material." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0x7bv2.
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Some industrial crops residuals like wheat straw, buckwheat husks and reeds were used in the study as raw lignocellulosic materials to evaluate their potential as thermal insulation material. Steam explosion (SE) pre-treatment was used to disrupt and convert the raw material smooth shape to foamy fibrous shape. Two level Factorial design was used to evaluate the impact of raw material fraction size (10-20-30 mm), moisture content (10-30-50%), SE temperature (200-215-230 °C) and duration (00-30-60 s) on bulk density and thermal conductivity of the obtained loose-fill materials. The results show that all selected raw materials could be characterized as thermal insulation materials as the determined thermal conductivity was in the range of 0.042–0.058 W (m K)-1 including neat samples. In spite of effective fibrillation of raw materials SE pre-treatment did not improve their thermal conductivity. The determined bulk density of loose-fill crops varied in range of 23–184 kg m-3 depending on all variables; the SE pre-treatment showed the most significant effect on its reduction. Based on the study results the most suitable crops residues for bio-based thermal insulation purposes are suggested wheat straw and reeds demonstrating the lowest values of bulk density and thermal conductivity.
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Shahi, Naresh, Gautam Joshi, and Byungjin Min. "Potential sustainable biomaterials derived from cover crops." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5641-5652.
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Plant-derived biopolymers are renewable and readily available, thus making viable alternatives to synthetic polymers. The present study examined properties of biopolymers from cover crops such as rye, oat, clover, vetch, and barley, which were grown organically in a greenhouse. The yields of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of the cover crops were calculated based on the dry weight. Structural variations and thermal properties of the isolated cellulose were characterized and compared with commercial cellulose using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The average yield percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 19 to 27%, 9 to 25%, and 1.42 to 4.86%, respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectral analysis indicated that the isolated cellulose had similar peaks and patterns to commercial cellulose, and confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. The onset decomposition temperature occurred at 270 °C in all samples. Interestingly, the maximum degradation temperature beyond 370 °C in cellulose was isolated from black oat, which was higher than commercial cellulose (350 °C). The findings of this research suggest that cellulose isolated from cover crops may be a benefit to the polymer industry in the development of bio-based materials such as biofuels, bio-composites, and biomedical devices.
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Grzegórska, Anna, Piotr Rybarczyk, Andrzej Rogala, and Dawid Zabrocki. "Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112905.
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Phytoremediation is a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation, several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad but concise review of available literature research with respect to the dominant process mechanism is provided. Moreover, methods of plant biomass utilization after harvesting, with particular regard to possibilities of “bio-ore” processing for metal recovery, or using energy crops as a valuable source for bio-energy production (bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-oil) are analyzed. Additionally, obstacles hindering the commercialization of phytoremediation are presented and discussed together with an indication of future research trends.
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Yao, Lyu, Azizah Baharum, Lih Jiun Yu, Zibo Yan, and Khairiah Haji Badri. "A Vegetable-Oil-Based Polyurethane Coating for Controlled Nutrient Release: A Review." Coatings 15, no. 6 (2025): 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060665.
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Bio-based polyurethane (PU) is synthesized either via the prepolymerization or addition polymerization of bio-based polyols and isocyanates. PU synthesized from vegetable-oil-based polyols has excellent properties for various application needs. Bio-based PU coatings from renewable vegetable oil show good degradability in soil while controlling the nutrient release process. Castor oil, soybean oil, palm oil, olive oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, and recycled oil have been explored in the study of bio-based PU coatings for controlled nutrient release. Castor oil as a natural polyol has been widely studied. Generally, the epoxidation ring opening method is preferred to prepare bio-based polyols. Almost all of these studies used a drum coating machine to complete the coating process. To obtain better controlled release performance, a vegetable-oil-based PU (VPU) coating was modified by increasing the degrees of crosslinking and hydrophobicity and improving the coating uniformity. The nutrient release duration of the modified castor-oil-based PU-coated fertilizer reached 200 days. VPU-coated fertilizers, in contrast to traditional fertilizers, effectively reduce the detrimental impact on the environment. Although the preparation of VPU-coated fertilizers is still at the laboratory scale, application research has been carried out in field crops.
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Xiao, Mei, Biao Liu, Hua Qiu, and Chun Xiang Wang. "Overview about Bio-Energy and Food Security." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.540.
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Abstract. Introducing the development background of bio-energy in our country,the present situation and trends of international bio-energy research,the bio-energy development path under the constraint of food security,telling the study meaning of bio-energy and food security problem,and doing some study and prospect on this issue to our country. Bio-energy is divided into three generations according to the extractive technology and the use of material.The first generation is based on the sugar and starch to produce alcohol or oil crops to produce bio-diesel.And it is also the bio-energy that has been realized industrialization development.The two generation is based on the cellulose or lignin to produce alcohol,but it is still on the way[1].The third generation start the study of diesel technology using the aquatic micro-algae organisms. At present the main form of the bio-energy is biogas,Boyden production,bio-diesel and fuel alcohol[2]. Because of the huge number of organisms on earth, according to biologists estimate, earth annual growth biological energy volume of about 1400 - 1800 tons ( dry weight ), ten times to the current world total energy consumption, so Bio-energy has wide use value and has great historical significance to take place exhaustible resources such as coal oil and so on.
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Salam, Abdu, Qaisar Javaid, and Masood Ahmad. "Bio-inspired cluster–based optimal target identification using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in smart precision agriculture." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 7 (2021): 155014772110340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211034071.
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Farming is the major profession in several republics for centuries. However, due to the immigration of individuals from rural to urban, there is prevention in farming. The use of modern technology in the precision agriculture field increases productivity and also improves the exports of a country. The productivity may suffer due to different environmental factors, diseases and insects attacks on the crops, especially tomatoes. The target area (i.e. the affected crops area due to environmental factors) identification and delivery of timely information about diseases in the crops to the ground station are mandatory to make the precautionary measurements. In flying sensor networks, the localization and clustering of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles for target areas identification is a challenging task due to energy constraints, communication range, frequent change in topology, link expiration and high mobility. In this article, we proposed the localization and clustering of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles for the identification of affected target areas in the tomato crop field. The localization of unmanned aerial vehicles depends on the weights of environmental factors, that is, relative humidity, soil moisture, temperature, light intensity, NPK (nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and potassium (k)) and power of hydrogen (pH). A honey bee optimization approach is used for the localization and formation of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles’ cluster to accurately identify the target areas. The performance of our bio-inspired approach is compared in terms of communication overhead, packet delivery ratio, mean end-to-end delay and energy consumption with the existing swarm intelligence–based schemes and validated via a simulation. The simulation result shows that the bio-inspired approach performs better among the selected approaches.
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Bhowal, Rony, Sony Kumari, Pinky Deka, et al. "Bio-Control of Citrus Canker: An Alternative to Chemical Based Treatment." Current Agriculture Research Journal 10, no. 3 (2023): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.10.3.16.
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The importance of the citrus crops is recognized throughout the world. Despite tremendous advancements in agricultural technology, citrus fruit production is still considered a significant challenge. Various biotic factors have trampled down the production rate of Citrus in many places. Among them, canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) and Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is of great importance. Infection caused by Xac leads to lesion development in leaves, fruits, and stem. Defoliation and early fruit drop can occur as a result of severe infection, resulting in a loss of fruit output. Preliminary management techniques involve quarantining and sanitizing. Chemical copper-based bactericides are frequently employed in places with large-scale production. However, the continued use of chemicals, on the other hand, has led to the evolution of resistant microorganisms and increased the rate of soil pollution. Various alternative strategies have been suggested to address this issue. This review will go over the advances in biocontrol agents that have been used to combat the disease.
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Faisal, Marwa, Tingting Kou, Yuyue Zhong, and Andreas Blennow. "High Amylose-Based Bio Composites: Structures, Functions and Applications." Polymers 14, no. 6 (2022): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061235.
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As biodegradable and eco-friendly bio-resources, polysaccharides from a wide range of sources show steadily increasing interest. The increasing fossil-based production of materials are heavily associated with environmental and climate concerns, these biopolymers are addressing such concerns in important areas such as food and biomedical applications. Among polysaccharides, high amylose starch (HAS) has made major progress to marketable products due to its unique properties and enhanced nutritional values in food applications. While high amylose-maize, wheat, barley and potato are commercially available, HAS variants of other crops have been developed recently and is expected to be commercially available in the near future. This review edifies various forms and processing techniques used to produce HAS-based polymers and composites addressing their favorable properties as compared to normal starch. Low toxic and high compatibility natural plasticizers are of great concern in the processing of HAS. Further emphasis, is also given to some essential film properties such as mechanical and barrier properties for HAS-based materials. The functionality of HAS-based functionality can be improved by using different fillers as well as by modulating the inherent structures of HAS. We also identify specific opportunities for HAS-based food and biomedical fabrications aiming to produce cheaper, better, and more eco-friendly materials. We acknowledge that a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve further improvement of HAS-based products providing entirely new types of sustainable materials.
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Seile, Arta, Ella Spurina, and Maris Sinka. "Reducing Global Warming Potential Impact of Bio-Based Composites Based of LCA." Fibers 10, no. 9 (2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10090079.
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The view towards a sustainable bioeconomy is increasing the interest of using renewable natural resources in the production of composites. Until now, the production of sustainable composites has been mainly examined from the point of view of material composition and structure, by replacing petroleum-based components with those that are obtained from renewable resources known as natural fiber composites (NFCs). The usefulness of newly acquired materials is mostly evaluated considering their performance and economic costs, whereas the aspect of environmental protection is underestimated. The impact of composites that are made from renewable resources is examined within the two parts of this study—the first part compares different nitrogen (N) fertilization scenarios for plant origin (hemp and flax) fibers. When compared, hemp crops show higher CO2 accumulation, (−1.57 kg CO2 eq) than flax (−1.27 kg CO2 eq). In addition, the environmental impact of both fiber types is compared to polyamide composites, one of the traditionally used materials in the automotive industry in the second part of this study. According to the conducted life cycle assessment, Flax/PLA emits 1.19 kg CO2 eq per 1 kg composite, Hemp/PLA 1.7 kg CO2 eq per 1 kg composite, and PA66/GF 9.14 kg CO2 eq per 1 kg composite. After the comparison, it was concluded that bio-based composites are able to ensure lower CO2 emissions, because CO2 is accumulated and stored in the fibers, however the traditionally used composites are able to provide a lower impact in other environmental categories.
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Nagar, Badri Lal, Satendra Singh Thakur, Pawan Kumar Goutam, et al. "The Role of Bio-fortification in Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Vegetables: A Review." Advances in Research 25, no. 4 (2024): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2024/v25i41082.
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Bio-fortification is a process that enhances the nutritional quality of crops, including vegetables, by increasing their micronutrient content. It can be achieved through different approaches such as agronomic, conventional breeding, and transgenic/biotechnological methods. Vegetables are known to be rich in micronutrients, vitamins, antioxidants, and other health-benefiting compounds, making them essential for a balanced diet. However, malnutrition and hidden hunger continue to be global challenges, particularly in developing countries. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A, are prevalent in these populations. Conventional breeding focuses on selecting genotypes with desirable nutritional traits without compromising agricultural productivity. Transgenic/biotechnological approaches involve the synthesis of transgenes to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plants. Bio-fortification of vegetables is particularly important as they are rich sources of micronutrients, vitamins, and other health-benefiting compounds. However, improving the nutritional quality of vegetables through conventional breeding has had limited success, and modern molecular tools and techniques offer potential for handling complex traits and developing nutrient-dense varieties. Bio-fortification offers a sustainable solution to address these deficiencies by increasing the nutrient content of crops, particularly plant-based foods. These techniques have shown promising results in increasing the concentration of nutrients, such as iron, in vegetables, thereby improving their nutritional quality.
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Landeweerd, Laurens, Monique Surette, and Corry van Driel. "From petrochemistry to biotech: a European perspective on the bio-based economy." Interface Focus 1, no. 2 (2011): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0014.
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This paper gives an account of the issues at play in Europe with regard to the transition to a bio-based economy. Agricultural crops have always been used for the production of food, feed, fibre and fuel. The Model T Ford—the first mass produced car—originally ran on bioethanol, and wood has been in use as a source for energy ever since the discovery of fire. What is new is that the balance between agricultural uses is changing under the pressure of an increasing need for food and feed, as well as the new need for biofuels and biomaterials. At the basis of this change lie several serious issues related to the current use of bio-based feedstock to secure energy supply, the future depletion of natural resources and global climate change. Innovations in industrial biotechnology are expected to play a crucial role in dealing with these issues in biomass use.
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Schaldach, R., M. Flörke, and D. Lapola. "A model-based assessment of the potential role of irrigated cropland for biogas production in Europe." Advances in Geosciences 21 (August 12, 2009): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-21-85-2009.
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Abstract. For the European Union, the increasing use of renewable energy sources is an important instrument to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and to achieve greater independency from energy imports. Here, agriculture has the chance to become an important contributor by the cultivation of bio-energy crops. In this paper, the potential role of irrigated cropland for the cultivation of silage maize for biogas production is analyzed on the European level. A methodology is developed to identify suitable locations for maize cultivation and to evaluate their performance in respect of the amount of irrigation water and land needed for energy production. For this purpose, GIS analysis techniques are combined with simulation results from the process-based vegetation model LPJmL for maize yields and irrigation water requirements. The generated information can serve as input for the development of European-scale bio-energy policies and for further analysis of the water footprint and energy balance of bio-energy systems.
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Oueslati, Oussama, Mariem Yahyaoui, Raed Hamdi, and Moncef Ben-Hammouda. "Allelopathy and weed control ability of three cover crops residues, in conservation of agriculture." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (2023): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i3.68933.
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The weed suppressive potential of three cover crops: two forage hybrids of corn and sorghum and a local population of millet, used in conservation of agriculture was investigated. The allelopathic potential of cover crops was studied based on bio-assays. The effect of three tested crops were used on weed dynamics (weed density, Weed Control Efficiency (WCE). Two types of residues management (TRM) were followed: standing and incorporated residues (SR, IR).Forage residues showed an allelopathic effect on germination and seedlings growth of rye-grass. Sorghum significantly reduced weed density. Incorporated residues method was more effective than standing residues in reducing weed density. Millet residues was more efficient to control weeds whereas corn residues increased weed biomass. Weed Control Efficiency was also influenced by two types of residues management which showed a highly significant interaction with tested crops. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(3): 845-852, 2023 (September)
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Adjuik, Toby A., Sue E. Nokes, Michael D. Montross, and Ole Wendroth. "The Impacts of Bio-Based and Synthetic Hydrogels on Soil Hydraulic Properties: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 21 (2022): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214721.
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Soil hydraulic properties are important for the movement and distribution of water in agricultural soils. The ability of plants to easily extract water from soil can be limited by the texture and structure of the soil, and types of soil amendments applied to the soil. Superabsorbent polymers (hydrogels) have been researched as potential soil amendments that could help improve soil hydraulic properties and make water more available to crops, especially in their critical growing stages. However, a lack of a comprehensive literature review on the impacts of hydrogels on soil hydraulic properties makes it difficult to recommend specific types of hydrogels that positively impact soil hydraulic properties. In addition, findings from previous research suggest contrasting effects of hydrogels on soil hydraulic properties. This review surveys the published literature from 2000 to 2020 and: (i) synthesizes the impacts of bio-based and synthetic hydrogels on soil hydraulic properties (i.e., water retention, soil hydraulic conductivity, soil water infiltration, and evaporation); (ii) critically discusses the link between the source of the bio-based and synthetic hydrogels and their impacts as soil amendments; and (iii) identifies potential research directions. Both synthetic and bio-based hydrogels increased water retention in soil compared to unamended soil with decreasing soil water pressure head. The application of bio-based and synthetic hydrogels both decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity, reduced infiltration, and decreased soil evaporation. Hybrid hydrogels (i.e., a blend of bio-based and synthetic backbone materials) may be needed to prolong the benefit of repeated water absorption in soil for the duration of the crop growing season.
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Fan, Hailun, Xiulun Wang, Tingting Wu, Jianzhong Sun, and Jun Liu. "Development and Characterization of Biodegradable, Binderless Fiberboards from Eggplant Straw Fibers." Materials 18, no. 1 (2024): 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010037.
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Currently, wood-based panels are mainly made from wood and adhesives containing formaldehyde. With the growing demand for raw materials and increasing concern for human health, the use of residues from annual crops to manufacture binder-free biodegradable biomass boards has attracted increasing interest. The aim of this study was to develop a biodegradable bio-board without any adhesives using eggplant straw fibers. The bio-boards were produced via simple mechanical refinement of eggplant straw fibers and were formed under pressures of 2.0 MPa, 3.5 MPa, 5.0 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 8.0 MPa. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the manufactured bio-boards were evaluated. With increasing applied pressure, the bending rupture stress of the bio-boards increased from 27.69 MPa to 45.29 MPa, the tensile rupture stress varied from 12.45 MPa to 24.62 MPa, the water absorption decreased from 91.45% to 88.29%, and the contact angle increased from 89.67° to 90.45°. The bio-boards were subjected to morphological analysis (SEM) and porosity and crystallinity measurements (XRD), and the results indicated that the water absorption of the bio-boards was due to a combination of porosity and crystallinity. The results showed that eggplant straw is suitable for manufacturing bio-boards.
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Raju K. Chalannavar, Ravindra B. Malabadi, Divakar MS, et al. "Biodegradable plastics-advantages and challenges: An update." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 042–56. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2025.13.2.0036.
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Plastic litter pollution in the oceans, the land and freshwater rivers is increasingly emerging as a serious global environmental concern. Conventional plastics are fossil-based, made from non-renewable natural resources. A novel way out of the increasing rate of demand for plastic packaging is to adopt biodegradable plastics. Cannabis sativa (Hemp), sugarcane, cassava, and corn are some of the most popular plants utilized to produce bioplastics. Some biobased polymers are biodegradable. However, not all biobased plastics are biodegradable. It should be understood that similar to petroleum-based plastics, some bio-based plastics cannot be recycled. Consequently, many biodegradable bioplastics end up in landfills, which decompose gradually and produce methane gas. Biodegradable plastic that is commercially available has its own advantages and limitations respectively upon degradation in both freshwater and marine environments. The Indian bio plastics market is still in its early stages, with only a handful of companies currently operating in this segment. India has shown increasing interest in bio-plastics due to growing environmental concerns and a focus on sustainability. In terms of revenue, the biodegradable plastics market in India is likely to grow at a significant CAGR of 12.5% over the forecast period. India's significant agricultural sector provides a rich source of bio-based feed stocks for the production of bioplastics. Crops such as hemp, sugarcane, corn, and other biomass materials are utilized in Bio Plastics manufacture, contributing to the growth of the industry.
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Saxena, Hem. "MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT OF CROP - PEST." Journal of Biopesticides 1, no. 1 (2008): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.1.1.32-37.
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In India most of the farmers depends upon synthetic pesticides for protecting their crops form pest attack. These pesticides not only caused environmental pollution, but also causing health hazardous to human being and domestic animals. This could be prevented by using bio-intensive integrated pest management (BIPM) were microbial insecticides place an important role. Here I have discussed about the important bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoan and nematode - based insecticides.
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Nieto-Cantero, Juan, Ana M. García-Lopez, Ramiro Recena, Jose M. Quintero, and Antonio Delgado. "Beyond Macronutrients Supply: The Effect of Bio-Based Fertilizers on Iron and Zinc Biofortification of Crops." Agronomy 15, no. 6 (2025): 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061388.
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Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) deficiencies in crops pose indirect problems for human health. The risk of these deficiencies increases with high doses of phosphate fertilizers. Fertilizers obtained through recycling—so-called bio-based fertilizers (BBFs)—can contain significant amounts of Fe and Zn, which can contribute to crop biofortification. Although the use of some organic BBFs has been shown to improve biofortification, an in-depth study on this effect and on the effect of P on Fe and Zn nutrition with the use of different kinds of bio-based P fertilizers is still lacking. A pot experiment with 11 different BBFs was conducted using two soils with different physicochemical properties that affect P, Fe, and Zn dynamics (one rich in CaCO3 and the other rich in Fe oxides) to assess their biofortification effects on wheat and sunflower. Although some BBFs increased Fe concentration in the edible parts, the overall trend was towards an increased P:Fe ratio (up to 62%), which decreased Fe digestibility. On the other hand, all BBFs led to Zn biofortification, with a 27% decrease in the P:Zn ratio in the CaCO3-rich soil, while in the Fe oxide-rich soil, the decrease was up to 61%. The supply of Zn and organic C, as well as the dominant P forms in BBFs, were the main factors explaining Zn biofortification. Bio-based fertilizers also decreased the antagonism between P and Zn and between Fe and Zn. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of BBFs in agrosystems management can contribute to improving the quality of human diets, at least with regard to Zn intake, while also contributing to more sustainable fertilization practices.
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Thilagavathi, N., and T. Amudha. "A novel methodology for optimal land allocation for agricultural crops using Social Spider Algorithm." PeerJ 7 (September 17, 2019): e7559. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7559.
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In the current agricultural scenario, availability of suitable land for cultivation is less and profitable allocation of the land for cultivating crops seems to be a cumbersome task. Crop planning optimization is a major research field in agriculture, in which land optimization is a significant challenge, which falls under the category of combinatorial optimization problems. The main objective of the present research is to maximize the net income from agriculture through optimal land allocation. Bio-inspired algorithms are quite popular in solving combinatorial optimization problems. Social Spider Algorithm (SSA), a new bio-inspired algorithm, is used to solve land optimization problem in this research based on the simulation of cooperative behaviour of social spiders. The agricultural area chosen for case study is the Coimbatore region, located in Tamilnadu state, India and the relevant data for the crops are collected from Tamilnadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India. The optimal planting area, crop productivity for various land holdings and the water requirements are computed by SSA and the results have shown better directions for agricultural planning to improve the profit with constrained land area and water limitations.
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Xue, Wei, Shengjie Yang, Xiaoyu Liu, et al. "Enhanced Sweet Sorghum Growth and Soil Quality in Coastal Saline–Alkali Soils Through Organic Acid-Containing Bio-Based Materials and Microbial Synergy." Agronomy 15, no. 1 (2024): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010056.
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Coastal mudflats are characterized by high salinity and alkalinity, along with low mineral nutrient availability, making it challenging to achieve high biomass or effective yields when directly cultivating food or fodder crops. Exogenous complex saline soil amendments can enhance forage production, but their effects on soil salinity reduction and nutrient activation remain unclear. This study used pot experiments and laboratory analyses to investigate these effects. A 0.3% saline–alkali soil was treated with a combination of organic acids (fulvic acid and citric acid), bio-based materials (cow dung and pine needles), and beneficial microbial mixtures (Priestia megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus pumilus + Paecilomyces lilacinus). The organic acid bio-modifier significantly alleviated salinity stress in sweet sorghum, reducing soil salinity, increasing soil nutrient levels, enhancing root vigor and photosynthesis, and improving plant morphology, resulting in higher biomass yields. Among the factors tested, bio-based materials had the most pronounced effect. Citric acid, pine needles, Priestia megaterium, and Trichoderma harzianum enhanced sweet sorghum growth during the seedling stage, whereas fulvic acid, pine needles, Bacillus pumilus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were more beneficial during the elongation stage.
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Chandrapati, Akhilesh, Jay Prakash Singh, Yenda Damodhara Rao, Meenakshi Rana, Somnath K. Holkar, and Seweta Srivastava. "Management of Grapevine Fungal Diseases by Using Antagonistic Endophytes - An Environment-Friendly Approach." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 24, no. 2 (2025): B4246. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2025.v24i02.b4246.
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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the major crops grown commercially throughout the world. In recent years, there have been major losses to grapevine production due to the challenges caused mainly due to fungal diseases like downy mildew, powdery mildew, grey mold, black rot, and anthracnose. In the last few decades, rampant chemical fertilization and bio-magnification of hazardous chemicals have posed a threat to human health and destroyed the health of the soil as well as crops. For effective management of these fungal diseases of grapes, nowadays, many researchers are conducting various studies on endophytes, which are proven to be better bio-control agents to suppress the growth and development of grapevine phytopathogens. Endophytes are eco-friendly, effective, and easy to apply at field levels, making endophyte-based formulations suppress the growth and development of grapevine pathogens without causing any detrimental effects to the beneficial micro-organisms present at the rhizospheric zone of soil and host plants as compared to the traditional fungicides usage. It also competes with these pathogens for nutrition, space, and colonization. It helps in the production of secondary metabolites with antifungal properties for preventing the growth of fungal pathogens that cause damage to the grapevine crop. It also induces a defense mechanism in grapevine crops against diseasecausing fungal phytopathogens. In this review article, biocontrol mechanisms of endophytes and their potential application in the management of grapevine fungal diseases have been discussed.
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Hajinajaf, Nima, Ahmad Fayyazbakhsh, Sara Kamal Shahsavar, Forough Sanjarian, and Hassan Rahnama. "Boosting plant oil yields: the role of genetic engineering in industrial applications." Biofuel Research Journal 11, no. 02 (2024): 2105–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2024.11.2.5.
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As climate change intensifies and the need to reduce human-caused emissions becomes more urgent, transitioning to a bio-based economy is essential. This paper explores the diverse industrial applications of plant oils as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products, including their use in food, polymers, lubricants, surfactants, pesticides, emollients, and biofuels. This review delves into biosynthetic pathways, detailing the key enzymes and processes involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. It thoroughly discusses how genetic and metabolic engineering can not only increase oil yields but also modify fatty acid compositions to better meet industrial requirements. By understanding genetics and utilizing advanced biotechnologies, the oil content and quality of plant sources can be significantly enhanced, aligning with both sustainability goals and industrial demands. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current uses and genetic engineering of plant oil production, proposing innovative strategies such as utilizing oils from biomass or cultivating non-edible oil crops. These approaches aim to establish a sustainable industrial system, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and promote the growth of an environmentally responsible bio-based economy. Additionally, the review highlights future directions, examining the economic implications and environmental benefits of adopting plant oils across various sectors and positioning them as pivotal to achieving an eco-friendly, bio-based economy.
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Wang, Zhiling, Danping Xu, Wenkai Liao, Yan Xu, and Zhihang Zhuo. "Predicting the Current and Future Distributions of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Based on the MaxEnt Species Distribution Model." Insects 14, no. 5 (2023): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050458.
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Climate change has a highly significant impact on the distribution of species. As the greenhouse effect intensifies each year, the distribution of organisms responds to this challenge in diverse ways. Therefore, climatic environmental variables are a key entry point for capturing the current and future distribution trends of pests. Frankliniella occidentalis is an invasive pest attested worldwide. Its damage is mainly divided into two aspects, including mechanical damage caused by its feeding and egg laying and the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). TSWV is the most dominant transmitted virulent disease. Moreover, F. occidentalis is the major vector for the transmission of this virus, which poses a grave threat to the yield and survival of our crops. In this study, the distribution pattern of this pest was explored using 19 bioclimatic variables based on the Maxent model. The results indicated that in the future, high-suitability areas of F. occidentalis will be widely distributed in 19 provinces of China, with Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Tianjin and Yunnan being the most abundant. Among the 19 bioclimatic variables, the five variables of annual mean temperature (Bio 1), temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100) (Bio 4), min temperature of the coldest month (Bio 6), mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio 9) and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio 19) were selected as the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of F. occidentalis. In summary, temperature and precipitation are vital factors for the study of the species’ distribution, and this study aims to provide new perspectives for the control of this pest in China.
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P, JAYAPAUL, and PURUSHOTHAMAN S. "BIOSYNTHATE PRODUCTION BY DIFFERENT RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, October (1994): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01575.
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Experiments conducted with five different rice based cropping systems, two irrigation regimes and two fertilizer levels, at Madurai, revealed that the production of biosynthates viz. carbo hydrate, fat and protein was higher in rice-rice-greengrain, groundnut + blackgram-rice-sesamum and sorghum + vegetable cowpea- rice-soybean systems in that order. The bio-synthates production was higher with irrigation to the rice crop to 5cm depth on the day of disappearance of ponded water and irrigating the kharif and summer crops as 0.75 and 0.60 IW/CPE ratios, respectively. Application of N. P and K as per soil test recommendations recorded higher carbohydrate output in the first year only.
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Doggar, Muhammad G., M. Shahzad Khurram, Saima Mirza, et al. "Biomass Power Generation Potential and Utlization in Pakistan." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 21 (2020): 2350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272822666180820143707.
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Pakistan is experiencing the worst power shortage since 2007 ranging from 5000 to 7000 MW. This has led to introduction of load shedding program which has caused economic loss @7% to the GDP. The indigenous oil reserves are poor and every year crude oil and petroleum products costing US$ 15.473 billion are imported. The potential of biomass energy is excellent, and Pakistan may generate 38000 GWh electricity annually using 25% crops residue and 50% animal waste. Except for Punjab province survey of crops biomass needs to be conducted to estimate the biomass resource potential in the country. Based upon the data, the size of power plants can be determined, and site of plants can be decided. Very few power plants have been installed by local industry under captive mode and their experience is encouraging. The indigenous capacity building for installation and operation of bio-mass based power plants are required. This paper reviews the power shortage and its implications on economy of Pakistan. It also describes the biomass technologies, resource base and power generation potential along with utilization status in Pakistan. It also discusses possible role of biomass power in mitigating the energy crisis especially in the rural areas. Using only 20-25% of the estimated crops waste of major crops and 50% of animal’s waste Pakistan can generate more than 36,000 GWh equivalent to 45% of the electricity consumption per annum. The crops residue alone can produce 11953 MW (31%) of the power potential with 25% of the available crops residue.
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Råberg, Tora Matilda, Georg Carlsson, and Erik Steen Jensen. "Productivity in an arable and stockless organic cropping system may be enhanced by strategic recycling of biomass." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 1 (2017): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000242.
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AbstractRecirculation of nitrogen (N) from crop residue and green-manure biomass resources may reduce the need to add new reactive N to maintain crop yield and quality. The aim of this study was to determine how different strategies for recycling residual and green-manure biomass influence yield and N concentration of the edible parts of food crops in a stockless organic cropping system. For this purpose, three biomass distribution treatments were investigated in a field experiment, based on a cropping system designed to produce both high-quality food crops and biomass resources from crop residues, cover crops and a green-manure ley. The three treatments, applied at the cropping system level, were: (1) incorporating the aboveground biomass resources in situ (IS); (2) harvesting, ensiling and redistributing the same biomass resources to the non-legume crops (biomass redistribution, BR); and (3) harvesting, ensiling and using the biomass resources as substrate for production of bio-methane via anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by distribution of the digestate as bio-fertilizer to the non-legume crops. The redistribution of ensiled (BR) and digested (AD) biomass did not increase the yield of the edible parts in winter rye (Secale cereal L.), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) or red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) compared with leaving the biomass on the ground at harvest (IS). The BR treatment increased the yield of lentil intercropped with oat, compared with IS treatment in one of the two studied years. The total biomass yield of the cover crop following winter rye was significantly higher in the BR treatment than in IS in both years. The legume proportion in the green-manure ley was significantly higher in the AD and BR treatments as compared with IS in one of the experimental years. This study showed that strategic biomass redistribution has the potential to enhance biomass productivity while maintaining food crop yields, thereby enhancing whole system productivity. Biomass redistribution systems both with and without biogas digestion offer a new strategy for the development of multifunctional arable cropping systems that rely on internal nutrient cycling.
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Gandla, Madhavi, Carlos Martín, and Leif Jönsson. "Analytical Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Conversion to Biofuels and Bio-Based Chemicals." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112936.
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Lignocellulosic feedstocks are an important resource for biorefining of renewables to bio-based fuels, chemicals, and materials. Relevant feedstocks include energy crops, residues from agriculture and forestry, and agro-industrial and forest-industrial residues. The feedstocks differ with respect to their recalcitrance to bioconversion through pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, which will produce sugars that can be further converted to advanced biofuels and other products through microbial fermentation processes. In analytical enzymatic saccharification, the susceptibility of lignocellulosic samples to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification is assessed in analytical scale using high-throughput or semi-automated techniques. This type of analysis is particularly relevant for screening of large collections of natural or transgenic varieties of plants that are dedicated to production of biofuels or other bio-based chemicals. In combination with studies of plant physiology and cell wall chemistry, analytical enzymatic saccharification can provide information about the fundamental reasons behind lignocellulose recalcitrance as well as about the potential of collections of plants or different fractions of plants for industrial biorefining. This review is focused on techniques used by researchers for screening the susceptibility of plants to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, and advantages and disadvantages that are associated with different approaches.
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Ruby Singh Parmar, Kalpana Kumawat, Lucky Verma, Iltaf Raja. "Biotech and its Role in Agriculture: A Review." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 43, no. 4 (2023): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v43.i4.2337.
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Throughout the course of recent many years, mechanical turns of events and modernization have developed concomitantly. For model, propels in biotechnology have been utilized as an apparatus to increment food creation. Progresses in hereditary designing have made conceivable the control of harvests to increment yield, ensuring food supplies for the rising total populace. In any case, transgenic crops have not been generally welcomed by all citizenry, and there is still vulnerability about their social advantages and the potential ramifications to human wellbeing. Biotechnology is the quickly developing portion in natural sciences. It has enhanced applications in practical farming. The survey manages microorganisms in biotechnology and their expanded applications in agribusiness as biofertilizers, bio-pesticides, bio-herbicides, bioinsecticides, contagious based bioinsecticides and viral based bioinsecticides. Further, exact portrayals have been made on Microbial science Environment Biotechnology and Reasonable agribusiness in the later piece of the audit. At last, a short feature has been given on the job of Microbial Biotechnology on Natural Wellbeing.
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Daly, Patrick, and Paula G. Barril. "Biobased Construction from Agricultural Crops: Paper 2 - Supply Chain Dynamics of European Case Studies." International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology 11 (September 18, 2024): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-9821.2024.11.3.
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Energy security, economics and environmental factors are key drivers toward greater energy efficiency, decarbonisation and circularisation of the building sector. Bio-based construction provides a potential low carbon and circular strategy toward these aims, as these materials can sequester carbon, are derived from renewable and nontoxic sources and can be re circulated in either technical or bio cycles. This innovative research undertakes a state of play into select agri-crop biobased construction materials, products and systems across Europe focusing on their supply chain types and dynamics. The research is based on a multi case study applying a range of mainly qualitative research methods, including desk-based review, semi structured interviews and supplemental field work facilitating a high-level analysis of this sector and its supply chain dynamics. This novel research presents an overview of the sector and examination of supply chain dynamics in relation to key agricultural, process, manufacture and construction stages. The findings show an emerging biobased construction sector utilising a range of agri-crops to produce various materials, products and modular systems within diverse and innovative supply chains, with common and distinct features and aspects identified including; crop types and utilisation, processing requirements and methods, transport, handling and storage, construction application, the centrality of certification and testing to access markets and growing interest in carbon profiling and benefits.
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Kocira, Sławomir, María Cecilia Pérez-Pizá, Andrea Bohata, Petr Bartos, and Agnieszka Szparaga. "Cold Plasma as a Potential Activator of Plant Biostimulants." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010495.
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Agriculture has become a sector with a huge impact on the natural environment. The interest of agriculture in the category of innovative bio-stimulants is due to the intensive search for preparations based on natural substances. This is not possible without developing and implementing innovative technologies, e.g., cold plasma, along with innovative technologies supporting farmers. Therefore, given the need to prevent environmental damage caused by intensive agriculture, plant production and protection must be targeted at merging the stimulation of crop growth and the elimination of threats to humans and the environment. The analysis of how cold plasma can influence the production of organic bio-stimulants seems to be an unavoidable step in future approaches to this topic. Since allelopathic plants represent a source of many chemical compounds promoting crop growth and development, the coupling of biologically-active compound extraction with plasma activation of allelopathic extracts has interesting potential in offering the most modern alternative to conventional agriculture. However, its implementation in practice will only be feasible after a comprehensive and thoughtful investigation of the mechanisms behind crops’ response to such bio-stimulants.
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Jalaluddin, Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat, and Rofina Yasmin Othman. "Perceptions on the Challenges of Banana Cultivation and Bio-based Technology Use Among Malaysian Smallholder Farmers." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 19, no. 2 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2022.19.2.3.
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Bananas are one of the most commonly grown fruit crops in Malaysia, but local production has declined in recent years. Through site visits and interviews with 74 smallholder banana farmers, this study sought to know the current situation of the local smallholder banana industry, the challenges faced in commercial banana cultivation, and the use of bio-based technologies to address the challenges. The farmers cited increasing production costs, pests and diseases, and yield uncertainties as major challenges to their plantations’ survival. While they have been using farming techniques, including bio-based technologies, to improve fruit yield, the farmers perceived the current technologies as inadequate in mitigating the impacts of frequent disease outbreaks. The interviews also reveal farmers’ misconceptions on the nature of tissue culture technology, reflecting their poor understanding of how tissue culture works, thus, putting banana farms at risk. Overall, this study’s direct engagements with banana farmers show that correct information and access to technology are a rare privilege for smallholders. Therefore, coordinated efforts to substantially increase support for smallholder farmers is paramount.
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BHARDWAJ, SURENDER KUMAR. "Plant Extracts as Bio-protectant Against Pseudomonas syringae Infection in Peach." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 38, no. 2 (2016): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v38i2.bhardwaj.
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In continuation of our ongoing efforts to search for plant based ecofriendly bio-protectant against disease of fruit crops, 37 plants samples of thirty plant species were bio-assayed by agar diffusion methods against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, a causal organism of bacterial canker of peach. The fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula has shown a very strong inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The various parts of Terminalia belerica (bark, fruit, leaf and stem) have also shown more or less equal inhibitory effect against the test bacterium. The combined extracts of Terminalia belerica back and fruits of Terminalia chebula in general showed a strong enhancement in activities over these individual extracts of bark extracts. Some of the other plants such as Acacia arabicae, Caesalpinia bonducella, Rosa damascena and Terminalia arjuna also showed the inhibitory effect against the test bacteria.
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Vasavi, P. Lakshmi, and J. Balaji Chandra Mouli. "Invitro evaluation of Biological and Chemical agents against Fusarium wilt of Tobacco crops of Rajamahendravaram rural areas, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2024): 198–207. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1309.022.
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Tobacco is one of the commercially important plants commonly affected by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium sp. It is vascular or fungal wilt causes major damage to the plant, in turns crop yield and productivity. It can be controlled by both fungicides and bio agents with various environmental impacts. Further, biocontrol agents play a significant role in the fungal diseases management of various plants predominantly Trichoderma sp. It is a saprophytic filamentous fungus of rhizospheric soil widely used as bio pesticides, bio fertilizers and also as soil fertility enhancer. The present work was intended to assess the possibilities of using Trichoderma sp. to inhibit the pathogenicity of Fusarium wilt by using invitro methods like dual culture technique, dual plate technique. At the same time efficacy of chemical agents – fungicides were studied by using poisoned food technique against the pathogen. Trichoderma isolates has the most effective antagonism activity based on invitro evaluations. Similarly, fungicides Benfil at 10 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations were effective in the inhibition of pathogen growth whereas Kavach was more potent at 100 ppm and 200 ppm dilutions in the of selected pathogen isolates. It was concluded that both bio control agent and fungicides were effective in the control of Fusarium wilt of tobacco plants either individual or in combine. Further studies may also require for usage of both biological and chemical agents in commercial formulations.
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Chakraborty, Monalisa, Mariona Battestini Vives, Omar Abdelaziz, Christian Hulteberg, Rakel Lindstrom, and Amirreza Khataee. "Lignin-Based Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-021138mtgabs.
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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for long duration energy storage applications thanks to their unique feature of independent scaling of energy and power. Organic electrolytes and an alternative to the present metal-based have been proposed as potentially low-cost and environmentally friendly electrolytes to alleviate the capital costs of RFBs. Lignin, the second most abundant bio-based polymer in nature, demonstrates the advantages of high carbon content, rich in aromatic groups and is a potential electrolyte basefor RFBs [1] [2] [3] [4]. In this work, soda lignin was considered as redox species modified in optimum oxidative conditions. The cyclic voltammetry analysis confirmed its electrochemical reversibility, so that for RFB tests, modified soda lignin was used on the negative side versus ferrocyanide on the positive at highly alkaline media. Following RFB cycling tests, a substantial improvement was achieved in the charge/discharge capacities and coulombic efficiency of RFB using modified soda lignin compared to pristine. For further performance optimization, it was found that the flow ratehas a substantial influence. This is more likely due to the thixotropic behaviour of the lignin electrolyte. Further explorations are under way of studying different membranes/electrolyte additives and cycling with higher concentration of lignin towards enhancing the RFB performance by improving the conductivity thus voltage efficiencies. Thecurrent approach of introducing bio-based electrolytes could enlighten a new path in the future research direction of organic RFBs and add a valuable point towards the carbon neutralization. Keywords: Lignin, Bio-based electrolyte, Organic redox flow battery, Sustainability, Energy storage Acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge Miscancell, Hondiusstraat 28, 6827 DE Arnhem, Netherlands for providing the lignin material for this work. References: [1] Mukhopadhyay et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 5394-5400. [2] Berling et al., Electrochem. Comm. 142 (2022) 107339. [3] Jiao et al., Indus. Crops & Prod. 187 (2022) 115431. [4] Soloveichik et al., Inter. J. of Bio. Macromol. 229 (2023) 236–246. Figure: Figure 1
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Navarro, María Jesús, Mila Santos, Fernando Diánez, and Francisco José Gea. "Chemical and Biological Control of Wet Bubble Disease (Hypomyces perniciosus) in Mushroom Crops." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (2023): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071672.
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Wet bubble disease (WBD) is globally becoming a major problem in mushroom crops. The effectiveness of the application of different chemical (chlorothalonil, metrafenone and prochloraz-Mn) and Bacillus (B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens strains) -based products for the control of WBD in artificially inoculated mushroom crops was studied. Six trials were carried out, with three different inoculum rates. The effect of fungicides on mushroom productivity and disease incidence was assessed. The effectiveness of the treatments is statistically related to the harshness of the disease. The greatest reductions in disease incidence were achieved after treatments with chemical fungicides, notably prochloraz-Mn. When the outbreak was strong, the low calculated incidence reduction values for metrafenone treatments advised against their application. The results also indicated the low effect of both bio-fungicides, at the doses and timing evaluated, for the control of this mushroom disease.
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Nzayadio MAMPASI and Bettencourt de Jesus Coxe MUNANGA. "Identification and characterization of the main invasive insects of corn, beans and peanut crops in Dimuca commune, municipality of Neg age, Urge-Angola." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 3 (2025): 675–86. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.3.2156.
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The invasion of crops by insect pests’ results in economic losses for a large number of farming families. In this context, the present study was carried out with the aim of characterizing the invasive insects in 3 annual crops (Corn, Beans and Peanuts) in the community of Dimuca in the province of Uíge. The research was carried out between January and June 2023. The research was conducted through an interview based on a questionnaire, and direct observation of insect pests and their damage. 402 peasants were interviewed, 261.3 women and 140.7 men. The main insect pests that attack corn, bean and peanut crops in the study area were: Formicidae sp., Brachytrupes membranaceus, Spodoptera frugiperda, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Agrotis ipsilon, Bemisia tabaci, Euschistus sp., Rhopalosiphum sp., Schistocerca sp., Zonocerus variegatus, characterized by having chewing and sucking mouthparts, attacking agricultural crops in almost all phenological stages, with greater emphasis on germination and growth 24% and 19% respectively for corn and peanuts; growth to flowering 24% and 19% respectively for corn and beans; from growth to harvest 24%, 24% and 19% respectively for peanuts, beans and corn. The most attacked crop organs were the leaves (62%) and seeds (51%) of beans; peanut seeds with 46%. Only 21.6% of farmers combat insect pests using ash, castor oil, tobacco and pepper. Using local bio-pesticide plants to protect crops against insect pests would provide excellent harvests.
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SHEMSHURA, O. N., E. T. ISMAILOVA, G. B. BAIMAKHANOVA та ін. "ОЦЕНКА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОПЫТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ БИОПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛОЧНОКИСЛЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ ПРОТИВ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОГО ОЖОГА ПЛОДОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР". МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ, № 2(45) (19 червня 2024): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.02.11.
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Fire blight is a dangerous disease of fruit crops and causes excessive economic damage to fruit industry. The causative agent of the disease, the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, also a quarantine object. The search for new methods and solutions in the field of bacterial blight control is very relevant. In order to reduce the spread of the disease, prototypes of two biological products based on lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilluswere tested. It was found that two-fold treatment of apple trees of the ‘Aport’ varieties with bio-products based on strains L. paracasei M12 and L. plantarum 17 M leads to a decrease in the prevalence of fire blight by 34.5% and 30.8%, while the biological effectiveness of bio-products was 86.3% and 85% respectively. Same two-fold treatment of the resistant ‘Starkrimson’ variety with bio-products based on strains L. paracasei M12 and L. plantarum 17 M leads to a decrease in the prevalence of fire blight by 34.5% and 30.8%, while the biological effectiveness of bio-products was 90.7% and 89% respectively. Additionally, treatment with bio-products based on strains L. paracasei M12and L. plantarum 17 M contributed to an increase in the yield of apples of the ‘Aport’ variety by 7.0 t/ha and 6.5 t/ha, respectively. The ‘Starkrimson’ variety by 5.0 t/ha and 4.3 t/ha respectively compared to the control where there was no treatment. Бактериальный ожог является опасным заболеванием плодовых культур и наносит огромный экономический ущерб плодоводству. Возбудитель болезни бактерия Erwinia amylovora относится к карантинным объектам. Поиск новых подходов и решений в области контроля бактериального ожога является весьма актуальным. С целью снижения распространения заболеваемости проведено испытание опытных образцов двух биопрепаратов на основе молочнокислых бактерий рода Lactobacillus. Было установлено, что двухкратная обработка яблони сортов «Апорт» препаратами на основе штаммов L. paracasei M12 и L. plantarum 17 M приводит к снижению распространенности бактериального ожога на 34,5% и 30,8%, соответственно, при этом биологическая эффективность биопрепаратов составила 86,3% и 85%, соответственно. При двухкратной обработки деревьев устойчивого сорта «Старкримсон» испытуемыми препаратами на основе штаммов L. paracasei M12 и L. plantarum 17 M распространенность бактериального ожога снизилось на 34,5% и 35%, соответственно, при этом биологическая эффективность соответственно составила 90,7% и 89%. Также обработка опытными препаратами на основе штаммов L. paracasei M12 и L. plantarum 17 Mспособствовала увеличению урожая яблок сорта «Апорт» на 7,0 т/га и 6,5 т/га, соответственно, сорта «Старкримсон» - соответственно на 5,0 т/га и 4,3 т/га по сравнению с контролем, где обработки не было.
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Martínez, Borja, Ernest Bernat-Maso, and Lluis Gil. "Applications and Properties of Hemp Stalk-Based Insulating Biomaterials for Buildings: Review." Materials 16, no. 8 (2023): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083245.
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There has been increasing interest in green and recyclable materials to promote the circular economy. Moreover, the climate change of the last decades has led to an increase in the range of temperatures and energy consumption, which entails more energy expenditure for heating and cooling buildings. In this review, the properties of hemp stalk as an insulating material are analyzed to obtain recyclable materials with green solutions to reduce energy consumption and reduce noise to increase the comfort of buildings. Hemp stalks are a low-value by-product of hemp crops; however, they are a lightweight material with a high insulating property. This study aims to summarize the research progress in materials based on hemp stalks and to study the properties and characteristics of the different vegetable binders that could be used to produce a bio-insulating material. The material itself and its microstructural and physical aspects that affect the insulating properties are discussed, as is their influence on durability, moisture resistance, and fungi growth. Research suggests using lignin-based or recyclable cardboard fiber to develop a bio-composite material from hemp stalk, but long-term stability requires further investigation.
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SATENOVA, A. M., M. S. URAZOVA, A. K. TUYAKOVA, A. S. ABILKHADIROV, Zh A. NURBEKOVA, and M. SHAIKHIN. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENS: METHODS OF COMBATING POST-HARVEST SPOILAGE OF FRUIT CROPS." МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ, no. 4(47) (December 20, 2024): 50–64. https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.04.03.
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Yeast is a widespread group of microorganisms with antifungal activity of a wide spectrum of action. Yeast has great potential as a bio fungicide and a substitute for chemical fungicides in various fields of the food industry and agriculture, in the post-harvest biocontrol of fruits and vegetables. The main mechanisms of action of yeast include competition for nutrients and space, synthesis and secretion of antibacterial compounds and signaling molecules involved in quorum sensing and biofilm formation. This review presents the results of studies on the properties of yeast-based bio fungicides, discusses their role and prospects for use in combating post-harvest spoilage of fruit crops. Дрожжи - широко распространенная группа микроорганизмов, обладающих противогрибковой активностью широкого спектра действия. Дрожжи обладают большим потенциалом в качестве биофунгицида и заменителя химических фунгицидов в различных областях пищевой промышленности и сельского хозяйства, в послеуборочном биоконтроле фруктов и овощей. Основные механизмы действия дрожжей включают конкуренцию за питательные вещества и пространство, синтез и секрецию антибактериальных соединений и сигнальных молекул, участвующих в кворум сенсинге и образовании биопленок. В настоящем обзоре приводятся результаты исследований свойств биофунгицидов на основе дрожжей, обсуждается их роль и перспективы использования в борьбе с послеуброчной порчей плодовых культур.
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Figueroa, Mary Amor G., Romel R. Sajorga, Jr., Rowena M. Cahagna-an, Rosemarie P. Caser, and Reymon Z. Ybañez. "Optimization, Characterization, & In vitro Evaluation of Spent Mushroom-Based Bio-fungicide for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Disease Management." Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research 11, no. 4 (2024): 172–90. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i4352.
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Aims: This study evaluated the potential of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as an organic bio-fungicide for managing tomato diseases effectively while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Study Design: Optimization tests utilized ANOVA (p < 0.05) to assess the effects of fermentation periods and SMS-to-water ratios on the bio-fungicide's effectiveness. Significant differences among treatments were analyzed using LSD, identifying optimal preparation conditions. A T-test compared the physico-chemical properties of fermented and non-fermented SMS-based bio-fungicides. Additionally, In vitro efficacy against various fungal diseases of tomato was evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test for precise treatment comparisons. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Mushroom and Crop Protection Laboratory, Surigao del Norte State University (SNSU) – Mainit Campus, Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines. Methodology: Fermentation periods (2, 4, and 7 days) and SMS-to-water ratios (0.5 kg, 1.0 kg, and 2.0 kg per 20 L) were evaluated to optimize beneficial microbial growth. Physico-chemical properties of both fermented and non-fermented SMS-based bio-fungicides were analyzed to determine nutrient composition and microbial activity. In vitro efficacy trials assessed the bio-fungicide’s ability to control soil-borne, foliar, and post-harvest tomato diseases. Results: ANOVA and LSD analyses identified 1.0 kg SMS per 20 L water fermented for 7 days as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest microbial population (41,666.67 CFU/mL) dominated by Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., actinomycetes, and Bacillus spp. Fermentation significantly enhanced the nutrient profile, increasing levels of P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu, while reducing N, Zn, and Mn, thereby optimizing microbial activity and nutrient availability. In vitro assays demonstrated superior efficacy of fermented SMS bio-fungicides at 20 mL/100 mL water in managing tomato diseases, significantly outperforming non-fermented formulations. Conclusion: This study highlights SMS as a sustainable and eco-friendly bio-fungicide, aligning with circular economy principles in mushroom production. Its effectiveness in controlling tomato diseases underscores its potential as an innovative solution for sustainable agriculture. Further field validation and application to other crops are recommended to maximize its broader utility.
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Руцкая, Валентина, Valentina Ruckaya, Александр Сорокин, Alexander Sorokin, Елена Исаева, and Elena Isaeva. "STRENGTHENING OF A BIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN MIXED COENOSES BY LUPIN USE." Adaptive Fodder Production 2019, no. 3 (2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2019-3-48-54.
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Heterogeneous crops are more close to natural bio-coenosis compared with the single ones. In mixed coenosis competition relations present between plants at certain conditions. The relations are based on direct competition for the main survive factors with physical-mechanical and biochemical interaction. But co-growth of plants causes not only negative interaction but often it has a positive action on coenosis components. To avoid tensions in agrocoenosis the principle of crop complementarity should be taken into account at selection of components for mixed crops which complement each other. Lupin demonstrates its biological potential in coenosis significantly better compared to the other grain legumes and is a factor for mobilization and use of sun energy and other natural resources. In experiments interaction type have been tested between narrow-leafed lupin SN-78-07 and white lupin var. Alyi Parus (2018), oat var. Pamyati Balavina, Sudan grass var. Kinelskaya 100 as components of mixed crops for their average yield. Their competitiveness ability and aggression level are studied. Aggression coefficient and competitiveness ratio have been used to evaluate interactions. The article presents the strengthening of a biological factor in mixed coenosis when grain crops use lupin as a component of nitrogen accumulation and melioration of environment.
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Deepthy, S., P. Sindhumole, Dijee Bastian, et al. "Superabsorbent Polymer Coating on Seeds: A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 15, no. 6 (2025): 405–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2025/v15i64898.
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The growing impacts of climate change such as unpredictable weather patterns, prolonged droughts, and extreme heatwaves pose serious threats to global agriculture by reducing crop productivity and endangering farmers’ livelihoods. In regions like India, where drought stress is frequent, there is an urgent need for climate-resilient agricultural practices. One promising solution is the use of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) in seed coatings. These hydrophilic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of water, creating a moisture-rich micro-environment that supports seed germination and early seedling development under water-limited conditions. SAPs function through osmotic pressure and are available in fossil-based and bio-based, degradable and non-degradable forms. Bio-based SAPs are becoming increasingly popular due to their distinct focus on the environmental impacts of fossil versus bio-based alternatives, while also supporting the evaluation of seed coating methods aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural intensification. Various SAP formulations such as cross-linked polyacrylamide and starch-graft polymers have shown positive effects on crops like maize, cotton, red clover, and others, enhancing water-use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and drought tolerance. Despite their benefits, challenges remain, including high costs, limited biodegradability of synthetic SAPs, and reduced performance in extreme soil and climate conditions. This review synthesizes findings from recent experimental and field studies conducted in the past few years, highlighting the need for continued research to develop cost-effective, biodegradable SAP alternatives and assess their long-term performance in field conditions to support sustainable agriculture.
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Nuzzo, Assunta, Pierluigi Mazzei, Davide Savy, Vincenzo Di Meo, and Alessandro Piccolo. "Bio-Based Hydrogels Composed of Humic Matter and Pectins of Different Degree of Methyl-Esterification." Molecules 25, no. 12 (2020): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122936.
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We prepared humo-pectic hydrogels through ionotropic gelation by crosslinking natural pectins of different degree of methyl-esterification with either humic substances (HS) extracted from cow manure compost or humic-like substances (HULIS) from depolymerized lignocellulose biorefinery waste. The hydrogels were characterized by solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging and rheological analyses. Their ability to work as controlled release systems was tested by following the release kinetics of a previously incorporated model phenolic compound, like phloroglucinol. Our results indicated that the release properties of hydrogels were influenced by the molecular composition of HS and HULIS and by the different degrees of methyl-esterification of pectins. The hydrogel made by the high methoxyl pectin and HS showed the fastest rate of phloroglucinol release, and this was attributed not only to its morphological structure and crosslinking density but also to the least formation of ionic interactions between phloroglucinol and the polysaccharidic chains. Our study suggests that the efficiency of novel humo-pectic hydrogels as sustainable carriers of agroproducts to crops is related to a careful choice of the characteristics of their components.