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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-control agent'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Sharma, Nisha, and Baljeet Singh Saharan. "Bacillus thuringiensis SNKr10, As Bio-Control Agent." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 5, no. 7 (2017): 186–94. https://doi.org/10.70729/ijser171650.

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Lau, H. Y. K., V. W. K. Wong, and A. W. Y. Ko. "A BIO-INSPIRED MULTI-AGENT CONTROL FRAMEWORK." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.01078.

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Manpreet, kour, and Kaur Lovepreet. "Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review." Canadian Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2022): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585426.

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Trichoderma spp. is free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. The fungus is also a decomposer of cellulosic waste materials. Recent discoveries show that the fungi not only act as biocontrol agents, but also stimulate plant resistance, and plant growth and development resulting in an increase in crop production. The biocontrol activity involving mycoparasitism, antibiotics and competition for nutrients, also induces defence responses or systemic resistance responses in plants. These responses are an important part of Trichoderma in biocontrol program. Trichoderma spp. has been widely used in agricultural applications due to its well known biological control mechanism. The usage of this microbial inoculant in Trichoderma-based products attracts the attention of researchers to discover more on other potential benefits of Trichoderma spp. 

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Puyam, Anita. "Advent of Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 1100–1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.927.

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Trichoderma spp are free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. And it is a developing science in the field of bio-control with its new discoveries adding to the usefulness of the fungi as a bio-control agent. Its development as a bio-control agent passes through many phases and each phase adding novel ideas that will help in the development of an efficient bio-agent which in turn will help in the crop improvement and disease management. The studies on their various aspects responsible for bio-control will open a flood gate to the development of Trichoderma as an efficient and reliable bio-agent and provide a better scope for implementation in crop and disease management. The in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride against phytopathogens (Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. udum) was studied and it was found to be potentially effective against F. oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri followed by F. oxysporum f.s.p. udum and Sclerotium rolfsii.

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Kaur, Manpreet, and Lovepreet Kaur. "Trichoderma as a Bio-Control Agent- A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1106.012.

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Shravani, Vyamasani, and Uma Shankar Singh. "Investigation on Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita through Soil Application of Bio-control Agents in Field Pea." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 17 (2023): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i173238.

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The pot experiment was conducted at AICRP on vegetables, Pusa farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University during 2020-21. The bio-control agents viz. Glomus fasciculatum (85-90 spores/g), Trichoderma harzianum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g), Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.0% WP (1×108 cfu/g), Purpureocillium lilacinum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g) either singly or in combined application shown significant improvement in plant growth and development and in declining nematode population. The combined application of P. fluorescens 1.0% WP (1×108 cfug-1) and P. lilacinum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfug-1) when applied 10g per pot each is efficient in improving plant growth and on other hand, plants treated with Cartap hydrochloride 4G (5g per pot) had the lowest nematode population, galls per plant, and Reproduction factor (Rf). P. lilacinum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g) demonstrated promising effects in plants when just single bio-control agent i.e., 10g/pot was used. This study discovered that utilizing a mixture of bio-control agents was more effective than using bio-control agents alone in reducing the population of M. incognita. According to the study, bio-control agents had the same effects as Cartap hydrochloride 4G. As a result, bio-control agents can be used instead of nematicides.

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Chanda, Dhritiman, and Mursida Khatun. "Study on the Effect of Some Biocontrol Agent in Grey Blight of Tea." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 04 (2024): 1578–82. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i04.019.

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Tea plantation is covered by 434,000 hectares of land, which is further divided into two distinct regions - the North Indian tea belt and the South Indian tea belt. North-East India produces 75% of the total Indian tea. Present study is carried out to understand the various agro-climatic conditions of Bramhaputra valley like temperature, humidity, rainfall etc which are responsible for occurrence of various diseases in tea plant. The bio control agents are eco-friendly to control the plant diseases with aim of developing a sustainable system in agriculture. It involves in the mechanism of interaction among the antagonists and pathogens, which aid in selection and manipulation to develop an effective control system. It provides protection to the plant throughout its cultivation period and proliferates rapidly in soil and leaves no residue. Tea plants are challenged by several root, stem and foliar diseases. Fungi possess a number of characteristics that make them potentially ideal bio control agents. They can germinate to grow and control the target population there by making continual re-inoculation with the bio control agent. The preliminary investigation reflects the growth of Pstalotiopsis theaeis controlled by the isolated bacteria which could be a great potential biocontrol agent for the control of various diseases of tea in this region.

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Hanson, James R. "The chemistry of the Bio-Control Agent, Trichoderma Harzianum." Science Progress 88, no. 4 (2005): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685005783238372.

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Mishra, R. P., Manjul Pandey, and Mukesh Srivastava. "Morphological and Physiological Analysis of Bio-Control Agent (Trichoderma viride)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 05 (2018): 1414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.168.

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Odedina, Grace, Kitiya Vongkamjan, and Supayang Voravuthikunchai. "Potential Bio-Control Agent from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa against Listeria monocytogenes." Nutrients 7, no. 9 (2015): 7451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7095346.

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Matrood, Abdulnabi A. A., Mohammad Imad Khrieba, and Okon Godwin Okon. "Synergistic interaction of Glomus mosseae T. and Trichoderma harzianum R. in the induction of systemic resistance of Cucumis sativus L. to Alternaria alternata (Fr.) K." Plant Science Today 7, no. 1 (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.1.629.

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Due to the various negative impacts of chemical fungicides, the reduction of its applications in agricultural production process is widely recommended. Thus, the need and application of bio-agents in disease control has increased tremendously. The current study aimed at investigating the role of both bio-agents Glomus mosseae (mycorrhizal fungi) and Trichoderma harzianum in protection of Cucumis sativus (cucumber plants) against the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata which is an opportunistic pathogen and the causal agent of cucumber wilt disease. Results obtained from this work revealed the positive influence of using bio-agents treatments in the reduction of pathogenic effects of A. alternata. The results also showed that G. mosseae and T. harzianum combination had a positive synergistic influence in reducing the detrimental effects of A. alternata ny improving the biomass yield (e.g. fresh and dry weight of root); as well as, on disease severity on C. sativus. Bio-agents (G. mosseae and T. harzianum) increased resistance in C. sativus by raising the production of enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Conclusively, this research revealed that using a multifarious combination of bio-agents significantly (P =.05) increased the efficiency of biological control of A. alternata than using each of them exclusively. Thus, it is recommended that to get an effective result in the control of the pathogen A. alternata in crops as highlighted by the results of this work; a combination of two bio-agents should be used.

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Matrood, Abdulnabi Abbdul Ameer, Abdelhak Rhouma, and Thakaa Fayez Mohammed. "Control of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber Using Rhizospheric Antagonistic Fungi." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 40 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069.

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Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is a severe disease of cucumbers causing yield losses worldwide. Various experiments were conducted to assess the antifungal potential of fungal bio-agents isolated from soil and cucumber seed (bio-priming). Trichoderma koningii seemed to be the most effective bio-agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with mycelial inhibition rate above 90%, followed by Aspergillus niger (87.70%) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that T. koningii was found effective to enhance the germination rate (95.07%). In greenhouse experiments, T. koningii applied preventively on cucumber inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum generated the lowest disease severity index (0.42), mortality (13.33%) and wilting rate (23.33%) and the highest fresh (0.857 g) and dry (0.180 g) weight of root, and root volume (2.04 cm3 ). Based on these results, T. koningii applied preventively against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber plants could be recommended as a biocontrol agent. However, although A. niger was effective against the tested phytopathogen, it is not recommended for biological control due to its carcinogenic properties. Keywords: Biological control, Cucumis sativus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, antifungal potential.

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NARAYANAN, G. SATHIYA, S. ARUNKUMAR, D. VENKATAKRISHNAN, and D. S. BALAJI. "The implications of various seed priming treatments on seed yield in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 8 (2024): 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i8.147724.

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The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2021 and winter (rabi) season of 2022 at Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu to identify suitable seed priming technique, soaking duration and priming agents for halo, osmo, and bio-priming in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). To increase crop yield and sustainability in present-day agriculture, seed priming continues to be essential by utilizing scientific knowledge and technical breakthroughs. The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three replications. The fresh seeds of proso millet cv. CO4 were imposed for halo, osmo, and bio priming treatments, viz. Agent for halo-priming: Control, hydropriming, KH2PO4 (1 and 2%), ZnSO4 (1 and 2%), and CaCl2 (1 and 2%); Agent for osmo-priming: Control, hydropriming, NaCl (1 and 2%), Mannitol (1 and 2%), and PEG (-10 and -15 Bar); Agent for bio-priming: Control, hydropriming, Azospirillum (15 and 20%), P. fluorescens (LF) (10 and 15%), Prosophis LE (5 and 10%), and soaked in equal volumes for 6 and 8 h. The results revealed that for halo priming, seeds soaked in 2% KH2PO4 for 8 h; for osmo priming seeds soaked in 2% mannitol for 8 h and for bio-priming seeds soaked in 15% P. fluorescens (LF) for 8 h outperformed other treatments. Field experiments were also conducted to determine the productivity of seed primed proso millet. The results showed that the crop performance was superior in seeds primed with 2% KH2PO4 for 8 h during kharif season than rabi.

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Chandra, Swati, and P. K. Jha. "In vitro Evaluation of Biocontrol Agents against Leaf Spot Disease of Okra Caused by Cercospora sp." Advances in Research 26, no. 1 (2025): 338–43. https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2025/v26i11258.

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Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop that cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is mostly grown for its delicate fruit, stem, flower and bud. Like other crop, okra is also attacked by many diseases. Among all diseases, leaf spot is major disease which causes heavy loss to the crop. During isolation and identification it was identified as Cercospora and varied in their cultural and morphological character. Pathogenecity test was also proved by using Koch’s postulates. During course of study, 4 bio control agents were evaluated under in vitro condition for their effectiveness. Among all bio control agents Bacillus subtilis showed maximum inhibition at different time intervals of 68.14 %, 76.00 %, 81.17 % at 72 hrs, 120hrs, 168 hrs respectively followed by Trichoderma harzianum with 66.02 %, 72.27% and 77.25 % respectively at 72hrs, 120 hrs, 168 hrs. Similarly other bio control agents –Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were also found effective with inhibition of 62.60 %, 70.74%, 76.24% and 60.20%, 69.45%, 75.05% respectively at 72hrs, 120hrs, and 168hrs. The result from present investigation revealed that Bacillus subtilis was found most effective in the suppression of pathogen growth. In future investigations, this bio-control agent might be further assessed for the effective treatment of okra leaf spot disease.

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Vij, Shilpa, Neha Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, and Prashant Kaushik. "Application of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens to Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Improves Both Its Seedling Quality and Field Performance." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137583.

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Inoculating cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) plants with bio-control agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can considerably improve seedling quality, growth, yield, and yield-related parameters over time. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the bio-fertilizer efficiency of a bio-control agent (Trichoderma viride) alone or in combination with PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens). Accordingly, various seedling quality and yield parameters were studied, and the results suggested that all the co-inoculation treatments displayed beneficial effects. Still, the combination of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens showed the maximum increment in all the parameters considered, i.e., seedling emergence, seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, seedling vigour index, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, total chlorophyll content, plant height at 30 DAT, plant height at 60 DAT, leaf numbers, leaf area index, root length, root dry weight, number of non-wrapping leaves, number of wrapping leaves, head weight, head diameter, and head yield. The findings appear to offer a viable bio-control technique for crop protection as bio-fertilizers bundled in a single formulation.

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Abid, Muniba, M. Azmat ullah Khan, Sehrish Mushtaq, Muhammad Ajmal Rana, Sohaib Afzaal, and Muhammad Saleem Haider. "A REVIEW ON FUTURE OF BACULAVIRUSES AS A MICROBIAL BIO CONTROL AGENT." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.004.03.0221.

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Pesticides driven from Plants, animals, and microbes such as (bacteria fungi, viruses, algae, nematodes and protozoa are replacing traditional chemical pesticides throughout the world. Bio pesticides reduce environmental risks and are target specific. Bio pesticide promotes sustainable agriculture development by reducing the environmental pollution. Various products have been registered and released, that play important role in the agro-market. Regulation of many insect populations in nature happen by Baculoviruses (entomopathogenic viruses). The pesticide based on baculovirus particles has been formed to control pest and their use is beneficial to reduce the risk of synthetic chemical insecticides. The present status and increase use of baculovirus based bio pesticides as replacement of chemical pesticides, its role in integrated pest management, have been discussed in this review.

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Naseer, Saima, Yasir Ali, Azher Mustafa, et al. "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of different measures to control Ascochyta blight in chickpea." Plant Science Today 9, sp3 (2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1781.

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Ascochyta blight, an infection caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a destructive disease in many chickpea growing regions and it caused significant yield losses. To minimize the impact of Ascochyta blight, 5 fungicides viz., Aliette, Cabrio Top, Thiovit Jet, Cymoxanil and Difenoconazole, 5 plants extracts namely Azadirachta indica, Azadirachta azedarach, Datura stramonium, Chenopodium album and Allium sativum L. and two strains T-22 and E58 of bio-control agents (BCAs) Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated on the growth of A. rabiei under in vitro conditions by using the food poison technique. The colony growth of Ascochyta rabiei was inhibited at all concentrations of fungicides @ 0.07, 0.15, 0.21%, plants extracts @ 4, 6, 9% and bio-control agents @ 105, 106 and 107 conidia ml-1 respectively. Among all applied treatments, maximum inhibition colony growth of pathogen was recorded in the case of Aliette (83.4%), followed by Cabrio Top (74.3%), Azadirachta indica (50.3%) and Trichoderma viride (60.3%) at their high concentrations. Field trials showed that Aliette and Cabario Top significantly reduced the disease severity to 10 % and 24% respectively, followed by Azadirachta indica and Allium sativum which reduced the disease severity to 40% and 50% respectively. Bio-control agent Trichoderma viride proved less effective in controlling Ascochyta bight severity under field conditions. The present study showed that systemic and sulphur containing fungicides, plant extracts and bio-control agents (BCAs) have the potential to control Ascochyta blight in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

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Ramesh Singh, Kamlesh Ram, and Pankaj Tiwari. "Evaluation of Different Plant Extract and Bio-Agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Caused Wilt Disease of Chickpea." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.017.

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Chickpea is one of the major rabi pulse crop grown in India. It’s is a rich source of protein, minerals and vitamins for human nutrition and straw is also valued animal feed. The maximum inhibits the radial growth (16.33mm and 76.66%), (26mm and 62.85%) and (34.00mm and 51.42%) at 30, 20 and 10% concentration respectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cicei was showed in Neem extract. Onion extract was least effective which showed 48.33, 49.00 and 58.66 mm radial growth and 30.95, 30.00 and 16.20% inhibits mycelial zones at 30, 20 and 10% concentration respectively. Out of the five fungal antagonists tested Trichoderma viride was found to be most effective and recorded least mycelial growth (16.66mm) with highest mycelial inhibition (74.36%) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The least effective fungal bio-agent were Trichoderma verens (22.33mm and 65.64%) and Trichoderma hamatum (31.33mm and 51.80%) over control. The bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis was comparatively least effective than the fungal bio-agent and observed (38.33mm and 41.03%) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri as compared to untreated control. The fungal growth range varied from 16.66 to 38.33 mm and these were showed all the bio-agents suppressed the colony growth of the pathogen.

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Vasavi, P. Lakshmi, and J. Balaji Chandra Mouli. "Invitro evaluation of Biological and Chemical agents against Fusarium wilt of Tobacco crops of Rajamahendravaram rural areas, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2024): 198–207. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1309.022.

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Tobacco is one of the commercially important plants commonly affected by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium sp. It is vascular or fungal wilt causes major damage to the plant, in turns crop yield and productivity. It can be controlled by both fungicides and bio agents with various environmental impacts. Further, biocontrol agents play a significant role in the fungal diseases management of various plants predominantly Trichoderma sp. It is a saprophytic filamentous fungus of rhizospheric soil widely used as bio pesticides, bio fertilizers and also as soil fertility enhancer. The present work was intended to assess the possibilities of using Trichoderma sp. to inhibit the pathogenicity of Fusarium wilt by using invitro methods like dual culture technique, dual plate technique. At the same time efficacy of chemical agents – fungicides were studied by using poisoned food technique against the pathogen. Trichoderma isolates has the most effective antagonism activity based on invitro evaluations. Similarly, fungicides Benfil at 10 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations were effective in the inhibition of pathogen growth whereas Kavach was more potent at 100 ppm and 200 ppm dilutions in the of selected pathogen isolates. It was concluded that both bio control agent and fungicides were effective in the control of Fusarium wilt of tobacco plants either individual or in combine. Further studies may also require for usage of both biological and chemical agents in commercial formulations.

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Balhara, M., S. Ruhil, Sandeep Dhankhar, and A. K. Chhillar. "Bioactive Compounds Hold Up- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a Potent Bio-Control Agent." Natural Products Journale 1, no. 1 (2011): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315511101010020.

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Balhara, M., S. Ruhil, Sandeep Dhankhar, and A. K. Chhillar. "Bioactive Compounds Hold Up- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a Potent Bio-Control Agent." Natural Products Journal 1, no. 1 (2011): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210316311101010020.

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Singh, Anuradha, Mukesh Srivastava, Mohammad Shahid, et al. "Trichoderma harzianum (Th Azad): A Promising Bio-control Agent Against Lentil Wilt." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 7, no. 4 (2016): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2016.7.4.1388c.

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Zarnab Farooq. "Evaluation of Toxicity of Nanoparticles against Bactrocera zonata as Bio-Control agent." Agricultural Sciences Journal 1, no. 1 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v1i1.25.

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Mango is economically important fruit. Pakistan occupies 4th rank in mango production and export. Due to insects attack, US$200 million annual losses occurs. Among all pests fruit fly is one of major problem of Pakistan. These are usually controlled by the use of highly toxic chemicals that cause hazardous effects on the environment and non target organisms. In current study, better ways for the control of fruit fly were evaluated. New technique metal nanoparticles are being used for control of Bactrocera zonata, to minimize the adverse effects of insecticides on living health. For this purpose, adults of B. zonata were collected from infested fruits in mango orchards at Multan. SNPs were biosynthetically prepared with specific protocol by lemon plant leaves and toxicity was evaluated against flies to check mortality at different levels of SNPs concentrations (0pp,20ppm, 40ppm, 80ppm, 160ppm). Mortality was observed upto 7 days. Maximum mortality was observed at 160ppm (higher concentration) while minimum mortality was observed at low concentration (20ppm). It showed higher concentration appeared to be more effective for the purpose of control. Hence overall 70-80% mortality is obtained thus resulting as effective biocontrol with less hazardous effects to environment & livings.

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Dey, Shamik, and Nandini Pal. "IMPACT OF BIO-CONTROL AGENT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF RICE INSECT PESTS." International Journal of Biological Innovations 06, no. 01 (2024): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2024.6106.

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Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.

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Shivakoty, Pravesh, Amitava Basu, Pijush Kanti Maji, and Sukhram Thapa. "The integrated disease management of early blight in organically grown tomato under hill condition of Sikkim, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy 11, no. 2 (2023): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/apjsafe.v11i2.231.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the most widely cultivated vegetable crop in the world and early blight caused by Alternaria spp. is one of the major production constraints. Survey was conducted during kharif seasons of 2018-19 &2019-20 in four districts of Sikkim. Maximum early blight disease severity was recorded in south district of Sikkim. Pathogenicity test of isolates collected from different location were established. Morphological, cultural, and molecular identification of the pathogen reveal pathogen as Alternaria spp. Five different bio-control agents i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, T. Viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were evaluated against the test pathogens. Among the bio-control agents tested, Trichoderma harzianum (74.89%) and Trichoderma viride (69.41%) showed maximum percent growth inhibition. Open field experiment was conducted with eleven treatments formulated by integrating the different organic inputs, biocontrol agents and copper-based fungicide as chemical check. Organic treatment T9 {Susceptible Variety + Soil treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @1:25(1kg Trichoderma + 25 Kg of FYM) + cow dung slurry 10% + Nimbicidine 0.3% + Panchagavya 10% + Cow Urine 10%} consistently showed the best result among the bioresources tested. Keywords: Tomato, Organic, Bio agent and Integrated disease management

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Chaudhary, Balkishan, Sanjeev Kumar, and Shiva Kant Kushwaha. "Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (2017): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1531.

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Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.

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Prasad, Birendra, Rajendra Prasad, and V. Sah. "Pre sowing seed treatment effect of bio-agents on seed germination and seedling vigour of Banjoak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus)." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 1 (2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-y7omby.

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The present paper deals with bio-agents presowing seed treatment on the germination and subsequent seedling growth of Banjoak (Quercus leucotrichophora). The seeds were inoculated by Pseudomonas fluorescens (pf-173), Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g/kg seed and mixture of both bio-agents for (5 g+ 5g) each of the same rate. All the inoculated treatments significantly influenced the germination and subsequent seedling vigour except the value for dry weight of seedling were at par with all treatments even control. The maximum value for germination, seedling height, total seedling length, collar diameter and vigour index II were observed for cumulative effect of both bio-agent while survival of the seedling, root length and below ground biomass were at par with Pseudomonas fluorescens treated seed. The significantly higher value for above ground biomass per seedling was found in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated seed and number of leafs per plant was recorded for Trichoderma harzianum.

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Monedeiro, Fernanda, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski, Paweł Pomastowski, and Bogusław Buszewski. "Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094696.

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Considering the advent of antibiotic resistance, the study of bacterial metabolic behavior stimulated by novel antimicrobial agents becomes a relevant tool to elucidate involved adaptive pathways. Profiling of volatile metabolites was performed to monitor alterations of bacterial metabolism induced by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from pressure ulcers, and their cultures were prepared in the presence/absence of bio-AgNPs at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg mL−1. Headspace solid phase microextraction associated to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was the employed analytical platform. At the lower concentration level, the agent promoted positive modulation of products of fermentation routes and bioactive volatiles, indicating an attempt of bacteria to adapt to an ongoing suppression of cellular respiration. Augmented response of aldehydes and other possible products of lipid oxidative cleavage was noticed for increasing levels of bio-AgNPs. The greatest concentration of agent caused a reduction of 44 to 80% in the variety of compounds found in the control samples. Pathway analysis indicated overall inhibition of amino acids and fatty acids routes. The present assessment may provide a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of bio-AgNPs and how the metabolic response of bacteria is untangled.

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Jawed, Shehbaz, Hua-Feng Wang, Xia-Lan Cheng, et al. "Efficacy of different fungicides and bio control agents against Fusarium oxysporum, causal agent of potato dry rot." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 7 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i7/141007.

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Stevens, C., V. A. Khan, J. Y. Lu, et al. "APPLICATION OF UV-C AND BIO-CONTROL AGENT STRATEGIES TO CONTROL ROT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES." HortScience 30, no. 3 (1995): 437f—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.437f.

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Applying low doses of ultraviolet light (254 nm, W-C) reduces the incidence of brown rot of (Monilinia fructicola) peaches, green mold (Penicillium digitatum) of tangerines, and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) of tomatoes and sweetpotatoes resulting from field infection and artificial inoculation. In most studies, applying postharvest fungicide (PF) was better than W-C treatment. In this study, the effectiveness of combining a biocontrol agent, Debaryomyces hansenii (BC), with low UV-C dose for postharvest disease control was investigated. When these commodities were treated with BC 3 days after W-C treatment, the reduction of storage rots was more effective than when UV-C was used alone. For example, the percent brown rot infection of artificially inoculated Elberta peaches 36 hours after inoculation of the nontreated control, peaches treated with UV-C, BC, W-C + BC, and benlate were 100%, 55%, 67%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. The efficacy of W-C + BC was similar to when PF was used alone, indicating that an integration of UV-C treatment and BC can reduce storage rot to the levels of commercial PF treatment.

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Yadav, Shankar Gopinath. "Effect of Trichoderma Spp. as a Bio-control Agent on Cereal Crop Plants." Plantae Scientia 3, no. 5 (2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v3i5.65-68.

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Trichoderma is a Deuteromycetous fungus with hyphae long, creeping, conidiophores erect, philiadic, having conidial heads. Trichoderma species produces a chemical, trichodermin; it is the sesquiteroenoid acting as a bio-control agent on the principal of myco-parasitism, antibiosis and competition to control soil borne plant pathogens. The phytotoxic effect was screened by treating cereal crop seeds with culture filtrate of Trichoderma species, the effect of culture filtrate was measured in terms of seed germination percentage and results were compared with control one. The obtained results shows percentage of germination in treated seeds was more than the control. The culture filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum showed superior effects (95-97%) than that of Trichoderma viridae (90-95%) and Trichoderma virens (86-92%) on the seed germination of selected cereal crop seeds.

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Jan, Ulfat, Amir H. Sheir, Audil Gull, and Janardhan H. N. "Wolbachia: It’s Role In Pest Management." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 8, no. 04 (2022): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i04.10.

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Wolbachia is a microorganism that infects and replicates inside host cells and is mainly present in reproductive tissues of animals withjoint feet and roundworms. In arthropods, it is found in insects, mites, spiders, terrestrial isopods, springtails etc. A survey that wasrecently conducted showed that Wolbachia is present in above 65% of insect species making this microorganism as one of the mostintracellular bacterial genus so far discovered. Wolbachia controls their hosts’ reproduction through unique mechanisms that incorporatecytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis induction (PI), male-killing and feminization of genetic males. Recently, this bacteriahas been used as a bio-control agent for controlling insect pests. Different arthropods which were laboratory-reared and field-collected,have been screened against this bacteria to see whether this bacteria can be used as a bio-control agent

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Ahsan, Taswar, Bingxue Li, and Yuanhua Wu. "Invasive vs. Invasive, Parthenium hysterophorus as a Bio-Control Agent against Invasive Mealybugs." Forests 12, no. 7 (2021): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070936.

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Parthenium hysterophorus has an antagonistic potential against mealybugs, which are hosted on wild Dalbergia sissoo. In the current study, an aqueous extract of Parthenium was evaluated against mealybugs on Dalbergia sissoo. A serial dose of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µg/mL of aqueous extract was prepared from all parts of the Parthenium plant. After 72 h at high doses, 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL aqueous extracts had high mortality of 76.67% and 73.33% via the residual method, respectively. Meanwhile at same dose after 72 h, the contact method had higher mortality percentages of 80% and 80% at 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. After 48 h at a high dose (200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL), the mortality of the mealybugs was highest via the contact method. The results show a mortality of 73.33% with both doses. Meanwhile the same doses, via the contact method, after 48 h had a 63.33% mortality rate. After 24 h via the contact method, at 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL the mortality of mealybug was 70% with both doses, whereas via the mortality rate via the residual method at 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL doses was 56.67% and 66.67%, respectively. These results indicate that Parthenium is a strong bio-control agent against mealybugs. Aqueous extracts could lead to a cost effective and environmentally friendly insecticidal for sustainable use in large scale forestry.

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Nyambuge Msenya, Happiness, Steven Runo, Douglas Watuku Miano, et al. "The Potential of Fungi as Bio-Control Agents in Managing Colletotrichum Kahawae In Kenya." Current Agriculture Research Journal 9, no. 3 (2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.9.3.04.

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Colletotrichum kahawae is a causative fungal agent of Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) that negatively affects coffee production. Its control relies on use of resistant varieties and chemical control. Fungicides used in control of CBD are costly and pose a risk to environment and health. The study was aimed at assessing the possible antagonistic potential of fungal isolates against Colletotrichum kahawae in in vitro conditions. Five isolates were used; one isolate was collected from berries while the rest were collected from soil. Testing for antagonism against Colletorichum kahawae was done by co-culturing the isolates on Potato Dextrose Agar. The degree of antagonism was determined by measuring and comparing the radial growth of pathogen with the bio-agent against the control. Out of the five isolates tested against C. kahawae, three isolates Fusarium proliferetum, Penicillium and Fusarium ceraneasum significantly inhibited test pathogen growth at 60%, 55% and 45.45%, respectively. The other isolates, Fumigatus aspergillus and Chaetomium perithecia showed inhibition of growth at 40% and 18.18% respectively. It was concluded that there is potential of using fungi as bio control of the coffee berry disease.

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Raut, V. M., Sandeepa Kanitkar, Gurudatt Hegade, Medha Kulkarni, and Meghraj kadam. "Bio-Efficacy of 'SUDOTM' (Pseudomonas fluorescens) as a Bio-Control Agent against Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease of Tomato." International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 5 (2020): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.7.5.28.

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Lukanda, L. Tshilenge, A. Ngombo Nzokwani, J. Mukendi, M. Muengula Manyi, J. Mudibu, and A. Kalonji Mbuyi. "Invitro Evaluation of Trichoderma Strains Against Pyricularia oryzae, the Causal Agent of Rice Blast Disease." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2024): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1306.027.

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Phytopthogen are simply an organism parasitic on a plant host resulting the serious problems regarding crop losses in agriculture sector. To facing such a threat, it is very wise to use Biological Control Agents (BCA’s) like Trichoderma, a soil-borne filamentous fungus that are capable of parasitizing several plant pathogenic fungi. It is a potential fungal BCA’s against a range of plant pest and pathogens. Unfortunately, popularization of bio-pesticides is very slow as compared to chemicals. In this study, Pyricularia oryzae was isolated from diseased plant parts using tissue culture techniques. Thereafter, antagonistics properties of two T-strains coded as Ts7B1 and Ts8O were evaluated against P.oryzae isolate tested in vitro study using dual culture technique. In dual culture techniques it is found that Ts7B1 has maximum mycelial growth inhibition and sporulation of pathogen (as much as 60 and 69% respectively) whereas Ts8O has lowest effect on it (35 and 55.2%). Present study concludes the uses of Trichoderma and assessment of their suitability as bio-pesticides for control of P.oryzae, the causal agent of blast rice disease.

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Mokhtari, Wafaa. "Rhizoctoniasolani-green beans pathosystem uncover bio control efficacy of Trichoderma spp." Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research 9, no. 1 (2019): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2019.09.00417.

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Rhizoctoniasolani on green beans has been chosen as one of the best pathosytems to evaluate root rot diseases as well as to determine the effectiveness of potential of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma species (ssp.). In this study we investigate the effective use ofthe pathosystem model; Rhizoctoniasolani-green beans to reveal bio control efficacy of three Trichoderma spp.; T. afro-harzianum, T. reesei and T. guizouhense, isolated from Moroccan soils. In greenhouse conditions, root-dipping approach was involved in revealing bio control potential of localTrichoderma spp. by suppressing root diseases in Rhizoctonia-green beans pathosystem. Interestingly, T. reesei (T9i12) a breaking cellulose succeeded in suppressing disease incidence in root units (DI-RU) = 0.0% in green bean cultivars infected with Rhizoctoniasolani.

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Tripathi, AN, Rajesh Kumar Singh, and SK Tiwari. "Evaluation of bio-control agents and new fungicides to control Pythium damping off in nursery of solanaceous vegetable crops." Vegetable Science 49, no. 01 (2022): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2022.v49.i1.14.

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Nursery of solanaceous vegetable crops severely infected by damping - off. Commercial cultivation of solanaceous vegetables are depends on healthy and disease free seedlings under nursery condition in fields. Seed treatments are most cost effective and commonly used delivery system for bioagents and fungicides. Nine modules comprises three talc based fungal [Trichoderma viride- 1 (IIVR–BATF-39-1), T. viride-2 (IIVR-BATF-43-1), Trichoderma harzianum - Kalyanpur)], two bacterial (Bacillus subtilis (IIVR-BS2, Pseudomonas fluorescens -Kalyanpur) formulations and four fungicides (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP, pencycuron 250 SC, fosetyl-Al 80% WP, fenamidone 10% + mancozeb 50% (WP) were evaluated under nursery of tomato, brinjal and chilli in kharif season during 2016-2018. Among tested bio-formulations of bio-agents Bacillus subtilis (IIVR-BS2 ) was found effective for highest germination percentage in tomato (84.77) and brinjal (66.81) and lowest incidence of damping off 15.22% and 33.18%, repectively whereas cost benefit ratio (CBR) 1: 79.98 (tomato var. Kashi Aman) and 1: 36.69 (brinjal var Kashi Taru) were recorded. However, among all tested modules, a fungicide carbendazim 12% WP + mancozeb 63% WP was found most effective in chilli for highest germination percentage (86.58), vigour index (479.52) and lowest incidence of damping off (13.30) with cost benefit ratio (CBR) 1: 90.79. Hence, use of bio-agent Bacillus subtilis (IIVR-BS2) 3.92×1011 cfu/g in tomato and brinjal; however, combiproduct of carbendazim (12%) and mancozeb (63%) in chilli may be recommended for management of damping off in nursery.

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Matrood, Abdulnabi A. A., and Azher H. Al-Taie. "Inhibition Activity of Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus mosseae and G. intradicas with Trichderma harizanum Against Rhizoctonia solani in Okra Plant Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 2 (2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2017.48.

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The agricultural production processes currently targeted reducing chemical fungicides usage and increasing bio-agent application through controlling diseases alone or integrating it with other factors. The study aimed to investigate the induction of systemic resistance by multi bio-agents represented by mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, G. intradicas and Trichoderma harizanum against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani which caused wilt disease and growth defoliation to Okra seedling. Three isolate of R. solani were recorded on root of Okra seedling, named (local - Batra). Isolate no. (3) was more virulence than other isolates in damping off disease in the pre and post emergence. Results also showed that G. mosseae and G. intradicas with T. harizanum had a positive influence in reducing detrimental effect of R. solani in all growth parameters (e.g. fresh and dry weight of root) on disease severity on Okra plant caused by R. solani. Bio-agents (G. mosseae,G. intradicas and T. harizanum) increased resistance in Okra plants by raising production of enzymescatalase and Peroxidase.this experiment was revealed that using a complex of bio-agent’s factors were greatly increase the efficiency of biological control than using each of them individually. We conclude that the broad diversity of rhizosphere micro-organisms as well as the confronting between the bio-chemical and physical changes could be reflected the variations in the metabolic secondary products that could inhibit pathogens.

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Faruk, Md Iqbal. "Integrated Management of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, An Emerging Fungal Pathogen Causing White Mold Disease." Journal of Plant Cell Development 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2832-5311.jpcd-22-4182.

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Sclerotiniasclerotiorum, the causal agent for white mold (Sclerotinia stem rot), is a devastating fungal pathogen. Currently, Sclerotinia is most commonly managed using the chemical fungicide which can lead to Sclerotinia resistance development, impacting biodiversity and interfering with key ecosystem services. In this regards, field experiments were conducted during 2017-18 planting seasons to evaluate the efficacy of different components viz. sawdust burning, stable bleaching powder, fungal and bacterial bio-control agents, chemical fungicide Rovral 50 WP and integration of different components for the management white mold disease of bush bean, mustard and garden pea in three different locations viz. in the field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Burirhat, Rangpur and RARS, Ishurdi, Pabna, respectively. The results showed that different treatments displayed varying levels of effectiveness against the disease. All the treatments gave satisfactory reduction of white mold disease development and increased plant growth as well as yield of bush bean, mustard and garden pea. Among the treatments, integration of saw dust burning + soil amendments with Trichoderma based bio-fungicide + bacillus based bio-control agents + application fungicide Rovral 50 WP is the best treatment which reduced 97.49%, 77.72%, 72.26% white mold disease incidence and 84.61%, 81.14%, 71.01% white mold disease severity of mustard, bush bean and garden pea, respectively and increasing plant growth parameter as well as 52.16%, 27.74%, 36.97% yield of mustard, bush bean and garden pea, respectively. Application of only fungicide Rovral 50 WP also better treatment in reduction of white mold disease incidence and disease severity and increasing plant growth parameter as well as increasing yield of mustard, bush bean and garden pea. Soil amendment with fungal or bacterial bio-control agents also gave satisfactory results in reduction of white mold disease incidence and disease severity and increasing plant growth parameter as well as increasing yield of mustard, bush bean and garden pea. It could be concluded from the obtained results that integration between bio-control agents as a soil treatment and foliar application chemical fungicide might be useful as a good tool for controlling white mold disease caused by S.sclerotiorum and obtained higher yield of bush bean, mustard and garden pea under field condition.

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Omoya, F. "Physiological Changes in Wister Rats Induced with Bacillus Species Used as Bio Control Agent." Annual Research & Review in Biology 4, no. 11 (2014): 1798–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2014/7097.

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Kamran, Muhammad, Muhammad Ahmad, and Sarfraz Ali Shad. "Genetic analysis of chlorantraniliprole resistance in the non-target bio-control agent Trichogramma chilonis." Chemosphere 370 (February 2025): 143952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143952.

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LAKHRAN, LALITA, and R. R. AHIR. "Evaluation of fungicides, plant extracts and bio-agents against dry root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 1 (2022): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i1.120826.

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Dry root rot (DRR) of chickpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an important disease affecting chickpea production especially in tropical and sub-tropical ecologies of world. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of various fungicides, plant extracts and bio-control agents against Macrophomina phaseolina. Results suggested that among fungicides, significantly maximum mean mycelium growth inhibition was recorded with Carbendazim (100%) followed by Carbendazim+Mancozeb (84.65%). Likewise, among phyto extracts, garlic extract was excellent with maximum mycelia growth inhibition (70.15 and 100 %) followed by neem extract (68.35 and 82.35%) at 5 and 10% concentration, respectively. Among bio-agents, Trichoderma viride showed significantly maximum mycelia growth inhibition (80.20%) followed by Trichoderma harzianum (65.10%). Therefore, from the findings of present study, it can be concluded that apart from use of fungicides (Carbendazim and Carbendazim+Mancozeb) phyto extracts such as extract of garlic and neem leaves and bio-control agent Trichoderma viride can also be used as an effective alternative for management of DRR in chickpea. Findings of our study may help in development of sustainable management strategies against DRR thus minimizing its yield consequences in chickpea. However, there is a need to further strengthen the investigations on this aspect based on thorough understanding of the biology of the pathogen and hostÃ—plantÃ—environment interaction especially under field conditions.

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Salith H.S, Ezeofor A.O, Hassan S.A, et al. "In Vitro evaluation of some fungicidal bioactive chemicals against fusarium spore germination and survival." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 29, no. 2 (2024): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.2.0255.

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The genus Fusarium are the most important pathogens associated with different plants including crop plants, fruits, vegetables, etc. causing of constrained production and productivity crops. Bioactive compounds are environmentally friendly and amenable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some bio-active compounds derived from Bacillus strain for the in vitro control of Fusarium mold. Seven (7) isolates of the Fusarium complex were isolated from various stored fruits, vegetables and food grains using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media supplemented with antibacterial agent. The growth and survival of the respective spores were challenged with supernatants of overnight-grown culture of Bacillus subtilis TC17 for 20 minutes. The supernatant prevented the germination of spores of some fungi strains in the order; F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. proliferatum, F. moniliforme and F. tricinctum against control. Therefore, this research showed that the bio-active agent can be used to control the pervasive plant pathogenic fungal species with outstanding result and therefore should be developed further for registration for commercial applications.

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Salith, H.S, A.O Ezeofor, S.A Hassan, et al. "In Vitro evaluation of some fungicidal bioactive chemicals against fusarium spore germination and survival." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 29, no. 2 (2024): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14760354.

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The genus Fusarium are the most important pathogens associated with different plants including crop plants, fruits, vegetables, etc. causing of constrained production and productivity crops. Bioactive compounds are environmentally friendly and amenable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some bio-active compounds derived from Bacillus strain for the in vitro control of Fusarium mold. Seven (7) isolates of the Fusarium complex were isolated from various stored fruits, vegetables and food grains using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media supplemented with antibacterial agent. The growth and survival of the respective spores were challenged with supernatants of overnight-grown culture of Bacillus subtilis TC17 for 20 minutes. The supernatant prevented the germination of spores of some fungi strains in the order; <em>F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. proliferatum, F. moniliforme </em>and <em>F. tricinctum</em> against control. Therefore, this research showed that the bio-active agent can be used to control the pervasive plant pathogenic fungal species with outstanding result and therefore should be developed further for registration for commercial applications.

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Austin, Publishing Group. "Soil Disturbing Agent-Creation and Application of "G15" Series Products." Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 1139. https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2023.1139.

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Diseases caused by two or more soil-borne pathogens are called compound soil-borne diseases. We have pioneered the "root splitter" and the imaging analysis system, providing a new tool for studying compound soil-borne diseases and a new method for evaluating crop resistance and pesticide (fertilizer) efficacy, and laying a foundation for the development of microbial agents, pesticides, and fertilizers. On this basis, we have developed a range of soil-borne disease disturbance agents “G15”, including a series of bio-organic fertilizers, liquid fertilizers and immune inducers. a) Microecological control series of bio-organic fertilizer: a new method of strain culture and classification screening based on the information of main components of organic fertilizer materials was used to obtain strains with high matching degree with organic materials. Then the process optimization technology was renewed by the ferulic acid rapid detection system. Through the 2-hour rapid detection and 30-day rapid optimization, the qualification rate of products is over 95%.

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Wang, Shu Yang, Xiang Yang Zhang, Hong Su, et al. "The Influence on the Milk Yield and Milk Composition of the Cows after Feeding with the Sweet Sorghum Straw Fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent in Bags." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1410.

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The objective of this study was to research the influence of the sweet sorghum straw fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent on the milk yield and milk composition of the cows. The results indicated that sweet sorghum straw bio-feed fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent in bags could increase the feed intake (11.4%) and milk yield(14.2%) compared with the control group, it also has improved milk protein (14.03%) and butterfat rate (16.3%) ,and has reduced the somatic cell's number(5.15%) compared with the control group. The sweet sorghum straw fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent has reduced the milk-feed ratio (20.8%).It has improved the feed digestibility and utilization and reduced the costing.

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Inam-ul-Haq, Muhammad, Asif Raheem, and Gulshan Irshad. "Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruits and their Management by Bio-Control Agents." Jammu Kashmir Journal of Agriculture 1, no. 1 (2023): 07–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56810/jkjagri.001.01.0011.

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Different Sweet Orange fruits (Citrus Sinensis) rot fungi were isolated from rotted fruits.These were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium digitatum. During pathogenicity test two fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum were proved to be most pathogenic. The Aspergillus niger fungi during dual culture with Bacillus substilis, Bacillus substilis srtain2, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus aryabhattai and Streptomyces strain showed different level of inhibation zones. Bacillus cereus was the most effective and caused 71.5% inhibition and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was least 53.28% and others Bacillus substilis, Bacillus substilis srtain2, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus methylotrophicus , Bacillus aryabhattai ,and Streptomyces caused 68.05%, 64.00%, 70.25%, 59.37%, 57.75% and, 55.25%, respectively. Penicillium digitatum fungi during dual culture with Bacillus substilis, Bacillus substilis srtain2, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus aryabhattai and Streptomyces strain showed different level of inhibation zones. Bacillus cereus was the most effective and caused 69.25% inhabition and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was least 51.75% respectively. During experiment on fruits the most effective biocontrol agent Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces strain were tested on fruits and it was found that Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces strain were effectively control the rot by Aspergillus niger and showed data 49.45%, 43.55%. During experiment on fruits the most effective biocontrol agent Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces strain were tested on fruits and it was found that Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces strain were effectively control the rot by Penicillium digitatum and showed data (51.62%, 45.67%). Experiment were performed for protective and curative effects. During protective effect the two biocontrol agents Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus cereus reduced the percentage rottenig by 64.74% and 57.52% respectively in case of Aspergillus niger and in case of Penicillium digitatum the effect of two Biocontrol agents Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus cereus caused 59.37% and 54.63% respectively reducuction in decaying. During the Curative effect the two biocontrol agents Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus cereus reduced the rottenig percentage 62.53% and 55.84% respectively in case of Aspergillus niger but in case of Penicillium digitatum the effect of the Biocontrol agents Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus cereus caused 58.29% and 51.99% respectively reducuction in decaying. Use of Biocontrol agents as protective is better than the curative.

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Hasan, Mahmudul, Mohammad Khalid Saifullah, Md Abdus Samad Kamal, and Kou Yamada. "Distributed Broadcast Control of Multi-Agent Systems Using Hierarchical Coordination." Biomimetics 9, no. 7 (2024): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070407.

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Broadcast control (BC) is a bio-inspired coordination technique for a swarm of agents in which a single coordinator broadcasts an identical scalar signal to all performing agents without discrimination, and the agents make appropriate moves towards the agents’ collective optimal state without communicating with one another. The BC technique aims to accomplish a globally assigned task for which BC utilizes a stochastic optimization algorithm to coordinate a group of agents. However, the challenge intensifies as the system becomes larger: it requires a larger number of agents, which protracts the converging time for a single coordinator-based BC model. This paper proposes a revamped version of BC model, which assimilates distributed multiple coordinators to control a larger multi-agent system efficiently in a pragmatic manner. Precisely, in this hierarchical BC scheme, the distributed multiple sub-coordinators broadcast the identical feedback signal to the agents, which they receive from the global coordinator to accomplish the coverage control task of the ordinary agents. The dual role of sub-coordinators is manipulated by introducing weighted averaging of the gradient estimation under the stochastic optimization mechanism. The potency of the proposed model is analyzed with numerical simulation for a coverage control task, and various performance aspects are compared with the typical BC schemes to demonstrate its practicability and performance improvement. Particularly, the proposed scheme shows the same convergence with about 30% less traveling costs, and the near convergence is reached by only about one-third of iteration steps compared to the typical BC.

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Nirdev, PM, MC Jobi, and Sabu K. Thomas. "ANALYSIS OF THE PREDATOR RELUCTANCE AND PREY REJECTION OF WEAVER ANTS WITH LUPROPS AS SINGLE PREY RESOURCE." Journal of Biopesticides 04, no. 02 (2011): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.4.2.106-108.

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ABSTRACT Massive seasonal invasion of the litter dwelling beetle, Luprops tristis (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lupropini), into the residential buildings and their prolonged stay in a state of dormancy during the rainy season has been a serious nuisance in the rubber plantation belts of Kerala for the last three decades. The deterring defensive secretion of the beetles is the prime reason for the non-predation by any of the vertebrate or non vertebrate predators present in the breeding habitat or in the aggregation shelters. Recent efforts revealed that the weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius, 1775) could be a potential bio-control agent of Luprops beetles. However, the possibility of its failure as a bio-control agent remains as repeated feeding on a prey item with repelling defensive gland secretion leading to development of predator reluctance and prey rejection. The present work ascertained the effect of repeated feeding of weaver ants on Luprops and the results indicate that repeated feeding did not lead to predator reluctance and point out the potential of weaver ants as an effective bio-control agent against Luprops. Low abundance of weaver ants in rubber plantations in contrast to their higher incidence in the scarce native trees in rubber plantation belts indicates that rubber tree is not a preferred host plant for weaver ants. Further, the possibility of regular feeding on Luprops that are readily available in rubber plantations, leads to questions about prey suitability and the effects on the rates of development, reproduction or survival of weaver ants which calls for post-evaluation studies in field conditions after the preliminary field trials.

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