Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bio fuel

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bio fuel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bio fuel"

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Kwok, Q. S. M., D. E. G. Jones, G. F. Nunez, J. P. Charland, and S. Dionne. "Characterization of Bio-Fuel and Bio-Fuel Ash." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78, no. 1 (2004): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jtan.0000042165.41923.c5.

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Rastogi, Renu. "An Alternative Fuel for Future Bio Fuel." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (October 31, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2445.

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Mandal.B, Manoj Kumar, Srishti Bansal, Ch TrigunaSaideep Ch. TrigunaSaideep, Ashok Marshall, Chandran G. Chandran. G, and Karthikeyan D. P. Karthikeyan D P. "Sustainable Bio Fuel For Aircraft." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/72.

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SUGIURA, Kimihiko. "Study Status of Next Generation Bio Fuel and Bio Fuel Cells." Journal of Smart Processing 1, no. 2 (2012): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.1.44.

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Elisetti, N. "Bio-fuel from PPE." British Dental Journal 229, no. 7 (October 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2237-8.

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Onu, John Chigbo. "Production of Bio Fuel Using Green Algea." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 2 (2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.183.

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Wang, Wei-Cheng, and Ling Tao. "Bio-jet fuel conversion technologies." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53 (January 2016): 801–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.016.

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Manyuchi, M. M., P. Chiutsi, C. Mbohwa, E. Muzenda, and T. Mutusva. "Bio ethanol from sewage sludge: A bio fuel alternative." South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 25 (June 2018): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2018.04.003.

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Hongcong, Liu. "Bio Diesel Oil of Mustard." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/japuc.2013010105.

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This paper represents the mustard oil is a kind of renewable energy and alternative fuel of the future. In order to cope with the current situation of load shedding, and reduce dependence on imported fuels, the Bangladesh government to encourage the use of renewable energy. Because the diesel engine with multiple functions, including small pumping irrigation system and backup generators, diesel fuel is much higher than that of any other gasoline fuel. In Bangladesh, mustard oil used as edible oil has been all over the country. Mustard is a widely grown plants, more than demand in Bangladesh and the mustard seed is produced annually. Therefore, to use the remaining mustard oil diesel fuel as a substitute. Fuel properties determine the standard procedure in fuel testing laboratory. An experimental device, and then a small diesel engine made in a laboratory using different conversion from the properties of biodiesel blend of mustard oil. The study found, biodiesel diesel fuel has a slightly different than the property. Also observed, and bio diesel, engine is able to without difficulty, but deviates from its optimal performance. Biodiesel was different (B20, B30, B50) of the blends have been used in engine or a fuel supply system, in order to avoid the complex deformation. Finally, it has been carried out to compare the performance of different operating conditions with different blends of Biodiesel Engine, in order to determine the optimal blends.
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Shah, M. S., P. K. Halder, A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, M. S. Hossain, S. K. Pal, and E. Sarker. "Perspectives of Biogas Conversion into Bio-CNG for Automobile Fuel in Bangladesh." Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4385295.

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The need for liquid and gaseous fuel for transportation application is growing very fast. This high consumption trend causes swift exhaustion of fossil fuel reserve as well as severe environment pollution. Biogas can be converted into various renewable automobile fuels such as bio-CNG, syngas, gasoline, and liquefied biogas. However, bio-CNG, a compressed biogas with high methane content, can be a promising candidate as vehicle fuel in replacement of conventional fuel to resolve this problem. This paper presents an overview of available liquid and gaseous fuel commonly used as transportation fuel in Bangladesh. The paper also illustrates the potential of bio-CNG conversion from biogas in Bangladesh. It is estimated that, in the fiscal year 2012-2013, the country had about 7.6775 billion m3 biogas potential equivalent to 5.088 billion m3 of bio-CNG. Bio-CNG is competitive to the conventional automobile fuels in terms of its properties, economy, and emission.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bio fuel"

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Blochel, Amanda. "The Future of Advanced Bio-Jet Fuel." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138629.

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The aviation industry is growing rapidly and the carbon dioxide emissions from the industry are following in the same manner. Biofuels made from edible feedstock have had an impact on lowering the emissions but at the same time an impact on increasing food prices. There are a few alternative fuels on the market today (TF-SPK, HEFA-SPK) which work in a blend with the petroleum based fuels, reducing the emissions from the aircrafts. Biofuels from next generation biomass, also called advanced biomass, such as algae and lignin, seem likely to be a good substitute for the first generation biofuels. The advanced biofuels are relatively costly to produce. This is due to the many steps in the production process, which restricts the usage of these sorts of fuels in the aviation industry. There are some problems associated with a jet fuel produced from 100% biomass. This is because the jet fuel produced from biomass differs from the jet fuels used today, making it unsafe to use in modern day airplane engines. That is why it is important to find an alternative jet fuel based on biomass that has the same characteristics as the conventional jet fuel, to be able to use the same transportation and engines that are in use today. Otherwise the high cost of advanced bio-jet fuels will make them unusable.
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Renbjörk, Eva. "ATEX classification for construction of bio-fuel factory." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96326.

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Detta examensprojekt är utfört på Ageratec AB som ligger strax utanför Norrköping. Syftet med hela examensprojektet är att göra layoutritningar som används vid ATEX-klassning för byggnationer av biobränslefabriker, som sedan skall ut till beställaren/kunden. Min huvuduppgift var att rita en layoutritning för en speciell modell av biobränslefabrik - processor P1000. Detta från uppmätning av processor P1000 till färdig layoutritning i 3D uppritad i AutoCAD, med klassningsplan över farliga ställen och zoner i fabriken. Tanken var att om tiden medgav skulle även ritningar tas fram för de resterande modeller av biobränslefabriker, vilket inte blev fallet. Ageratecs kunder måste nämligen ta hänsyn och följa ATEX-direktiv för arbete i explosionsfarlig miljö som gäller för att driva en biobränslefabrik. Vad ATEX-klassning innebär, hur en biobränslefabrik byggs upp och fungerar från början till färdig framställning av biobränsle samt en översikt över de olika typer av biobränslen som finns, tas upp i denna rapport. Ageratec startade år 2004 av Gert och David Frykerås. Det är ett familjeföretag med en omsättning på 30 miljoner per år och 32 anställda år 2007. Ageratec tillverkar och säljer helautomatiska processorer över hela världen i olika storlekar som hanterar en volym mellan 1000-288 000 liter biodiesel per dygn. Biobränslefabrikerna är helautomatiskt styrda med hjälp av ett PLC-system från Mitsubishi Electric. Processorerna är framtagna för framställning av biobränsle av vegetabiliska oljor, där anläggningen renar oljan och tillsätter metanol eller etanol. Produkten som kommer ut ur anläggningen är så rent och lättflytande att det kan användas som bränsle till dieselmotorer som det är eller blandas med vanlig diesel. Med hjälp av utrustning från Ageratec så är det nu möjligt för rapsodlare att även bli lokala drivmedelsproducenter och förvandla den odlade rapsen till biodiesel. Det enda som krävs är en processor från Ageratec samt tillgång till någon typ av fettsyra. Tider och sekvenser sköts automatiskt av PLC-systemet vilket gör att kunden inte behöver tänka på sådant. Biodiesel/RME (RapsMetylEster) är ett miljöbränsle som bildar koldioxid men skillnaden är att den mängd koldioxid som bildas av biobränslet är samma mängd som växterna behöver för sin tillväxt. Biodiesel släpper ut 60-80 procent mindre utsläpp av växthusgasen koldioxid jämfört med vanlig dieselolja. Koldioxidhalten ökar alltså inte vid förbränning av biobränsle. Det enda som bidrar till växthuseffekten är koldioxid, därför måste vi vara noga med att inte odla mer än vad vi behöver. Den svenska regeringens mål är att 5,75 procent av transportbränslet år 2010 ska utgöras av förnyelsebara drivmedel. Den svenska rapsarealen har ökat med över 70 procent, till 95 000 hektar under de senaste åren. De flesta dieselmotorer behöver inte anpassas på något sätt för att köra på biodiesel.
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Thorne, Rebecca. "Bio-photo-voltaic cells (photosynthetic-microbial fuel cells)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548097.

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Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cell (p-MFC) research aims to develop devices containing photosynthetic micro-organisms to produce electricity. Micro-organisms within the device photosynthesise carbohydrates under illumination, and produce reductive equivalents (excess electrons) from both carbohydrate production and the subsequent carbohydrate break down. Redox mediators are utilised to shuttle electrons between the organism and the electrode. The mediator is reduced by the micro-organism and subsequently re-oxidised at the electrode. However this technology is in its early stages and extensive research is required for p-MFC devices to become economically viable. A basic p-MFC device containing a potassium ferricyanide mediator and the algae Chlorella vulgaris was assembled and tested. From these initial experiments it was realised that much more work was required to characterise cell and redox mediator activities occurring within the device. There is very little p-MFC literature dealing with cellular interaction with redox mediators, but without this knowledge the output of complete p-MFC devices can not be fully understood. This thesis presents research into the reduction of redox mediators by the micro-organisms, including rates of mediator reduction and factors affecting the rate. Both electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques are used and results compared. Additionally, cellular effects relating to the presence of the mediator are studied; crucial to provide limits within which p-MFCs must be used. After basic characterisation, this thesis presents work into the optimisation of the basic p-MFC. Different redox mediators, photosynthetic species and anodic materials are investigated. Importantly, it is only through fundamental characterization to improve understanding that p-MFCs can be optimised.
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Atiku, Farooq Abubakar. "Combustion of bio-oil and heavy fuel oil." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12179/.

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The use of combustion parameters to predict what happens to fuel during burning and its effect on living systems is important. This work is directed towards understanding the fundamental chemistry of soot generated from burning biomass-pyrolysis liquid fuels and its mechanism of formation. In this study, fuels such as eugenol, anisole, furfural and some hydrocarbon fuels are subjected to combustion using a wick burner which allowed the burning rate, smoke point and emission factor to be investigated. Reaction zone analysis of flames by direct photography and by using optical filters for further investigation of C2* and CH* species, was conducted. Additionally, detailed characterization of the soot generated was performed, and comparisons were made with soot from petroleum products and from biomass combustion system. The key aim was to generate experimental data and to capture detailed information regarding sooting tendencies with a view to utilize the information which would eventually allow the formation of a comprehensive bio-oil combustion model. This could provide accurate predictions of the combustion characteristics and pollutant formation. Studies are reported on the significant role of high temperature pyrolysis products in soot formation and acquiring further mechanistic insight. This work has been extended to consider heavy petroleum fuel oils (residual oil) during combustion and the effect of composition on combustion products and on the effect on health and the global environment. Heavy fuel oil, such as Bunker C and vacuum residue, are commonly used as fuel for industrial boilers, power generation, and as transport fuels in, for example, in large marine engines. The combustion of these fuels gives rise to carbonaceous particulate emissions including fine soot (Black Carbon or BC) which, along with associated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): The structure and thermal reactions of petroleum asphaltene have been studied by analytical pyrolysis. Additionally, related combustion characteristics of the asphaltene extracted from bio-oil have been investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed the difference between bio-asphaltene and the petroleum asphaltene and the different tendency to form smoke. They also showed the presence of markers for the bio-asphaltene structure.
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Gottumukala, Vasudev. "Evaluation of Lake Erie Algae as Bio-fuel Feedstock." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271194064.

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Mohammed, Isah Yakub. "Pyrolysis of Napier grass to bio-oil and catalytic upgrading to high grade bio-fuel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39572/.

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Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources that has carbon in its building blocks that can be processed into liquid fuel. Napier grass biomass is a herbaceous lignocellulosic material with potentials of high biomass yield. Utilization of Napier grass for bio-oil production via pyrolysis is very limited. Bio-oil generally has poor physicochemical properties such as low pH value, high water content, poor chemical and thermal stabilities which makes it unsuitable for direct use as fuel and therefore requires further processing. Upgrading of bio-oil to liquid fuel is still at early stage of research. Several studies are being carried out to upgrade bio-oil to transportation fuel. However, issues regarding reaction mechanisms and catalyst deactivation amongst others remain a challenge. This thesis gives insights and understanding of conversion of Napier grass biomass to liquid biofuel. The material was assessed as received and characterized using standard techniques. Pyrolysis was conducted in a fixed bed reactor and effect of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen flow rate and heating rate on product distribution and characteristics were investigated collectively and pyrolysis products characterized. Effects of different aqueous pre-treatments on the pyrolysis product distribution and characteristics was evaluated. Subsequently, in-situ catalytic and non-catalytic, and ex-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oil derived from Napier grass using Zeolite based catalysts (microporous and mesoporous) were investigated. Upgraded bio-oil was further fractionated in a micro-laboratory distillation apparatus. The experimental results showed that high bio-oil yield up to 51 wt% can be obtained from intermediate pyrolysis of Napier grass at 600 oC, 50 oC/min and 5 L/min nitrogen flow in a fixed bed reactor. The bio-oil collected was a two-phase liquid, organic (16 wt%) and aqueous (35 wt%) phase. The organic phase consists mainly of various benzene derivatives and hydrocarbons while the aqueous phase was predominantly water, acids, ketones, aldehydes and some phenolics and other water-soluble organics. Non-condensable gas (29 wt%) was made-up of methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with high hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio. Bio-char (20 wt%) was a porous carbonaceous material, rich in mineral elements. Aqueous pre-treatment of Napier grass with deionized water at severity factor of 0.9 reduced ash content by 64 wt% and produced bio-oil with 71 % reduction in acid and ketones. Performance of mesoporous zeolites during both in-situ and ex-situ upgrading outweighed that of microporous zeolite, producing less solid and highly deoxygenated organic bio-oil rich in alkanes and monoaromatic hydrocarbons. The Upgraded bio-oil produced 38 wt% light fraction, 48 wt% middle distillate and 7.0wt% bottom product. This study demonstrated that bio-oil derived from Napier grass can be transformed to that high-grade bio-oil via catalytic upgrading over hierarchical mesoporous zeolite.
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Vafamehr, Hassan. "A study of pre-ignition and knock in an optical spark ignition engine." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17562.

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The currently reported work involved fundamental study of auto-ignition under unusually high knock intensities in an optical spark ignition engine. The single cylinder research engine adopted included full bore overhead optical access capable of withstanding continuous peak in-cylinder pressure and knock intensity of up to 150 bar and 60 bar respectively. Heavy knock was deliberately induced under relatively low loads (5 bar IMEP) using inlet air heating up to 66 °C and a primary reference fuel blend of reduced octane rating (75 RON). High speed chemiluminescence natural light imaging was used together with simultaneous heat release analysis to evaluate the combustion events. The key out comes of this study could be listed as follow: • Proof and improved understanding of multi centred auto-ignition events under high KIs • Improved understanding of the potential pitfalls of over-fuelling for heavy knock suppression • Optical validation of 'natural' oil droplet release and on-off behaviour of knocking cycles Multiple centred auto-ignition events were regularly observed to lead in to violent knocking events, with knock intensities above 140 bar observed. The ability to directly image the events associated with such high magnitude of knock is believed to be a world first in a full bore optical engine. The multiple centred events were in good agreement with the developing detonation theory to be the key mechanism leading to heavy knock in modern downsized SI engines. The accompanying thermodynamic analysis indicated lack of relation between knock intensity and the remaining unburned mass fraction burned at the onset of the auto-ignition. Spatial analysis of the full series of images captured demonstrated random location of the first captured auto-ignition sites during developing auto-ignition events. Under such circumstances new flame kernels formed at these sites, with initial steady growth sometimes observed to suppress the growth of the earlier spark initiated main flame front prior to violent end gas auto-ignition. It was found that pre-ignition most commonly initiated in the area surrounding the exhaust valve head and resulted in a deflagration that caused the overall combustion phasing to be over advanced. In the cycles after heavy knock, droplets of what appeared to be lubricant were sometimes observed moving within the main charge and causing pre-ignition. These released lubricant droplets were found to survive within the combustion chamber for multiple cycles and were associated with a corresponding "on-off" knocking combustion pattern that has been so widely associated with super-knock in real downsized spark ignition engines. This research also concerned with improving understanding of the competing effects of latent heat of vaporization and auto-ignition delay times of different ethanol blended fuels during heaving knocking combustion. Under normal operation the engine was operated under port fuel injection with a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture. Additional excess fuel of varied blend was then introduced directly into the end-gas in short transient bursts. As the mass of excess fuel was progressively increased a trade-off was apparent, with knock intensity first increasing by up to 60% before lower unburned gas temperatures suppressed knock under extremely rich conditions (γ=0.66). This trade-off is not usually observed during conventional low intensity knock suppression via over-fuelling and has been associated with the reducing auto-ignition delay times outweighing the influence of charge cooling and ratio of specific heats. Ethanol had the highest latent heat of vaporization amongst the other fuels directly injected and was more effective to reduce knock intensity albeit still aggravating knock under slightly rich conditions. Overall, the results demonstrate the risks in employing excess fuel to suppress knock deep within a heavy knocking combustion regime (potentially including a Super-Knock regime).
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Tolonen, Erik. "Evaporation Characteristics of a Liquid Bio-Fuel from Chicken Litter." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26060.

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Alternative fuels are becoming more important as fossil fuels become more expensive. This thesis describes the production and properties of a bio-oil produced from waste biomass, in this case chicken litter. A higher quality fuel was produced through thermal and chemical upgrading of the raw bio-oil; this fuel is similar in some respects to fossil fuels, as it has a high hydrocarbon content and energy density comparable to gasoline. Combustion of liquid fuels commonly occurs in clouds of droplets, and studying the evaporation of single liquid drops provides information on the evaporation characteristics of the fuel as a whole. Droplet evaporation tests on the chicken litter fuel were carried out using the suspended droplet/moving furnace technique. For some tests, a fine wire thermocouple was used as the droplet suspension in order to measure the distillation characteristics of the fuel. An existing computational model based on continuous ther- modynamics was used to model the evaporation of the fuel. The modelled composition of the fuel was based on an existing pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) analysis and used five major groups of compounds. The properties for these groups re- quired for the model were determined using several prediction methods and the values then used in a numerical model. Model predictions of droplet temperatures calculated for the fuel showed good agree- ment with the measured temperatures, indicating that the modelled composition gave an accurate picture of the fuel. Droplet evaporation histories also agreed well with mea- surements, but were not capable of reproducing the observed disruption of the droplet produced by internal boiling at higher temperatures, nor the formation of a solid residue at the end of evaporation. Further enhancements to the model should allow the prediction of residue formation.Model predictions of droplet temperatures calculated for the fuel showed good agree- ment with the measured temperatures, indicating that the modelled composition gave an accurate picture of the fuel. Droplet evaporation histories also agreed well with mea- surements, but were not capable of reproducing the observed disruption of the droplet produced by internal boiling at higher temperatures, nor the formation of a solid residue at the end of evaporation. Further enhancements to the model should allow the prediction of residue formation.
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Tan, Giam. "Development of a laminar flame test facility for bio-diesel characterization." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FTan_Giam.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Sinibaldi, Jose O. ; Milsaps, Knox T. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Laminar flame speed test, Test faculty characterization for bio-diesel characterization, Combustion Chamber, Ignition, Fuelling. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available in print.
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Schuld, Renier A. "An economic evaluation of a bio-fuels industry in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21979.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The adoption of the White Paper on the promotion of Renewable Energy and clean fuels in 2003, opened the playing field for participants from other industries than the conventional petroleum, to participate in the fuel industry in South Africa. South Africa is a net importer of crude oil, which accounts for 92% of liquid fuels supply in South Africa. Although the country has significant coal reserves which can supply the country's demand for approximately 200 years, this energy source contributes significantly to CO, emissions. South Africa's participation in the Kyoto Protocol compels it to abide by its commitments to reduce these emissions between 2008 and 2012. The country's dependence on energy to fuel its growing economy, and the infiationary impact that oil imports has had on the country's economy, has prompted government to explore alternative sources of energy to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and especially importing crude oil. As a result of this, and in an attempt to increase the potential for the successful implementation of ASGISA, government is exploring the feasibility of introducing an E10 fuel blend to the South African petrol blend. In view of th is, government has in it Accelerated and Sustainable Growth Initiative (ASGISA) targeted the development of the bio-fuels industry as an industrial sector that presents opportunities to create opportunities for sustainable growth and development. In view of this, the fiedgling fuel-ethanol industry (which is in its construction phase at the t ime of writing this report), faces lucrative prospects for the agricultural industry, especially maize- and ethanol producers. It is anticipated that the fuel-ethanol industry will create between 8000 and 10000 direct and indirect employment opportunities per plant. This will result in significant investment in rural areas as well. The creation of employment in the rural areas will prevent the large-scale urbanisation that has become a phenomenon in the past decade, as a result of dwindling agricultural industries. The production of ethanol presents the opportunity to earn foreign exchange, especially if the industry embarks on large scale export strategies. In addition to the export market, the local market for ethanol consist of the possible E10 petrol-blend and to supply Eskom with ethanol to fuel its gas turbine electricity generators at Acacia, Port Rex, as well as the anticipated generators at Atlantis and Mossel Bay. This document is a report on the investigation of the economic evaluation of a bio-fuel industry in South Africa. It will explore the current outlook for fossil fuel reserves, supplies and demand, both internationally and locally. It will report on the phenomenon of peak oil production and some opinions thereon . An investigation into the most probable biomass that can be used as feedstock for bio-fuel production will conducted. In this regard, specific investigation into maize, sugar cane (for fuelethanol) and Jatropha eureas (for bio-diesel) will be conducted. The report will explore the most efficient ethanol production processes, for both maize- and sugar-to-ethanol production, with the weight of the document to be attributed to the economic impact that the adoption of the fuel-ethanol programme
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die publisering van die Witskrif oor die promosie van hernieubare energiebronne en skoon brandstowwe in 2003, het die speelveld vir deelname aan die brandstof industrie oopgemaak vir rolspelers buiten die konvensionele petroleum maatskappye. Suid-Afrika is 'n netto invoerder van ru-olie en het in 2004 ongeveer 92% van die totale vloeibare brandstowwe ingevoer. Alhoewel die land aansienlike steenkool reserwes het om te voorsien in die aanvraag vir die volgende ongeveer 200 jaar, dra hierdie energiebron aansienlik by tot die koolstofdioksied vrystellings. Suid-Afrika se deelname aan die Kyoto Protokol van 1998, dwing die land om te voldoen aan die ondernemings wat gemaak is om hierdie koolstofdioksied vrystellings te verminder tussen 2008 en 2012. Die land se afhanklikheid van energiebronne om groei te stimuleer, asook die inflasionistiese effek van olie invoere op die ekonomie, het die regering genoop om alternatiewe bronne van energie te ondersoek sodat die afhanklikheid van olie verminder kan word. Uiteenlopend hiervan en om die implementering van ASGISA te stimuleer, ondersoek die regering tans die moontlikheid om 'n E10 petrol vermenging in die petrol formule te spesifiseer. Uit die oogpunt van ASGISA (Accelerated and Sustainable Growth Initiative) van Suid-Afrika, het die regering die ontwikkeling van die bio-brandstowwe industrie geoormerk om geleenthede te skep vir volhoubare ontwikkeling en groei. Met die oog hierop, voorspel die etanol bedryf, wat ten tyde van die skryf van hierdie verslag nog in kontruksie was, winsgewende potensiaal vir die landboubedryf, veral mielie produsente. Dit word verwag dat die etanol bedryf tussen ongeveer 8000 en 10000 direkte en indirekte werksgeleenthede sal skep, veral in die landelike gebiede. Dit sal grotendeels bydra tot die voorkoming van die voortslepende ontvolking van die platteland wat oor die afgelope jare 'n verlammende effek op plattelandse gebiede gehad het. Dit word ook voorsien dat daar aansienlike belegging in die platteland sal plaasvind en al hierdie faktore sal bydra tot die voorkoming van verstedeliking . Die etanol bedryf skep die geleentheid om buitelandse valuta te genereer, veral as die industrie op uitvoere gaan konsentreer. Indien 'n plaaslike mark beoog word , sal die implementering van die E10 vermenging 'n besliste mark skep. 'n Alternatiewe mark wat ondersoek kan word, en wat groot geleentheid skep, is Eskom, wat tans ingevoerde diesel verbruik om hul gas turbine krag opwekkers by Acacia en Port Rex van brandstof te voorsien . Indien die beoogde turbines by Atlantis en Mosselbaai gebou word, sal die mark vir plaaslike etanol verdubbel. Hierdie dokument is 'n verslag oor die ondersoek wat gedoen is na die lewensvatbaarheid van 'n brandstof etanol bedryf in Suid-Afrika. Dit berig oor die huidige uitkyk oor die fossiel brandstof reserwes in die wereld en plaaslik. Dit opper die vraagstuk oor piek olie produksie fenomeen wat uiteenlopende debate ontketen het. Die verslag dek die waarskynlike bronne van biomassa wat aangewend kan word in die produksie van etanol, met spesifieke verwysing na mielies, suikerriet en Jatropha curcas. Die mees effektiewe produksie metodes word verder ondersoek wat van toepassing is op beide mielies en suikerriet. Die mees relevante deeI van die verslag is die ondersoek na die ekonomiese impak wat die industrie op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie mag hê, waarna die nodige gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak sal word.
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Books on the topic "Bio fuel"

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Baio nenryō: Hatake de tsukuru enerugī = Bio fuel. Tōkyō: Komonzu, 2007.

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Amagasa, Keisuke. Baio nenryō: Hatake de tsukuru enerugī = Bio fuel. Tōkyō: Komonzu, 2007.

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Amagasa, Keisuke. Baio nenryō: Hatake de tsukuru enerugī = Bio fuel. Tōkyō: Komonzu, 2007.

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Bio-Diesel: Bio-degradable alternative fuel for diesel engines. New Delhi: Readworthy Publications, 2008.

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Basualdo, Marta S., Diego Feroldi, and Rachid Outbib, eds. PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-184-4.

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Francesco, Lechi, and Olper Alessandro, eds. Analisi delle scelte di politica agro-industriale: Il caso bio-etanolo. Milano: Raisa, 1994.

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Commission, India Planning, ed. Report of the Committee on Development of Bio-fuel. New Delhi: Planning Commission, Govt. of India, 2003.

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National Conference on Bio-diesel for IC Engine Technologies and Strategies for Rural Application (2004 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering). Proceedings of National Conference on Bio-diesel for IC Engine Technologies and Strategies for Rural Application, December 3-4, 2004. Bhopal: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 2006.

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Shumba, Enos M. Assessment of sugarcane outgrower schemes for bio-fuel production in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: WWWF-World Wide Fund for Nature, 2011.

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Basualdo, Marta S., Rachid Outbib, and Diego Feroldi. PEM fuel cells with bio-fuel processor systems: A multidisciplinar study of modelling, simulation, fault diagnosis and advanced control. London: Springer, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bio fuel"

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Adhikari, Dilip Kumar. "Bio-jet Fuel." In Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, 187–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67678-4_8.

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Abidin, Sumaiya, Basudeb Saha, Raj Patel, Amir Khan, I. Mujtaba, Richard Butterfield, Elisabetta Mercuri, and Davide Manca. "10 Bio Fuel." In Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 333–72. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153209-11.

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Yadav, Asheesh Kumar, Sanak Ray, Pratiksha Srivastava, and Naresh Kumar. "6 Solar Bio-Hydrogen Production: An Overview." In Solar Fuel Generation, 121–40. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370538-7.

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Farrington, Karen E., Heather R. Luckarift, D. Matthew Eby, and Kateryna Artyushkova. "Imaging and Characterization of The Bio-Nano Interface." In Enzymatic Fuel Cells, 242–72. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118869796.ch13.

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Forghani, Amir Ahmad, David M. Lewis, and Phillip Pendleton. "Catalytic Hydro-Cracking of Bio-Oil to Bio-Fuel." In Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons, 205–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0201-4_6.

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Evren Tugtaş, A., and Bariş Çalli. "Removal and Recovery of Metals by Using Bio-electrochemical System." In Microbial Fuel Cell, 307–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66793-5_16.

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Saba, Beenish, Ann D. Christy, Kiran Abrar, and Tariq Mahmood. "Bio-based Products in Fuel Cells." In Waste to Sustainable Energy, 53–66. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429448799-4.

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Feroldi, Diego. "Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems." In PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems, 207–32. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-184-4_7.

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Bhadra, Chris M., Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, Vi Khanh Truong, Olga N. Ponamoreva, Russell J. Crawford, and Elena P. Ivanova. "Renewable Bio-anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells." In Handbook of Ecomaterials, 1167–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_113.

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Bhadra, Chris M., Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, Vi Khanh Truong, Olga N. Ponamoreva, Russell J. Crawford, and Elena P. Ivanova. "Renewable Bio-anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells." In Handbook of Ecomaterials, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_113-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bio fuel"

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Vigneshwaran, P. V., and M. Suresh. "Bio-mass based slurry fuel." In 2015 IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isco.2015.7282363.

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Baik, Doo-Sung, and Sul-Ki Choi. "Emission Characteristics of Bio-gas Fuel." In Mechanical Engineering 2014. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2014.62.22.

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Vaughn, Timothy, Matthew Hammill, Michael Harris, and Anthony J. Marchese. "Ignition Delay of Bio-Ester Fuel Droplets." In Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3302.

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Ragoonanan, Vishard, Shweta Srikanth, Daniel Bond, Michael Flickinger, and Alptekin Aksan. "Coating of fuel cells using carbohydrate solutions." In 2006 Bio Micro and Nanosystems Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmn.2006.330880.

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Xu, Yufu, Qiongjie Wang, Xianguo Hu, and Jinsi Chen. "Preliminary Study on Tribological Performance of Straw Based Bio-Fuel." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44098.

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More and more attention has been paid to alternative fuel in internal combustion engine. One of alternative fuels is to convert straw biomass to biomass fuel. Various methods and apparatuses used for converting straw biomass to bio-fuel were invented and developed. However, alternative fuel from biomass can not be used well in internal combustion engine. The reason is complicated and relative with the separation technology of bio-fuel and corrosion, wear, lubrication and combustion chemical reaction between bio-fuel and the surface of combustion room. It is necessary to study the tribological properties of bio-fuel in order to instead the current gasoline or diesel oil in internal combustion engine in the future. In the present study, the straw based bio-oil obtained by liquidizing process was chosen to evaluate its lubrication by MQ-800 fourball tribometer, in which extreme pressure and friction coefficient and wear resistance were measured respectively. The experimental results showed that the extreme pressure of the bio-fuel was up to 392 N, and the extreme pressure of diesel oil was 333 N. The frictional coefficient of bio-fuel varies between 0.08 and 0.11. The wear scar diameter increased with load slowly in 30min. SEM images indicate that lots of thin and dense belt-like ploughs were presented on the rubbed ball surface. The chemical compositions of the worn zone on the ball surface were analyzed by XPS, the thermal property and variation of chemical compositions of bio-fuel before and after friction and wear tests were studied by TGA and GC-MS, respectively. It was shown that the rubbing surface film was composed of FeS, FeSO4 and organic compounds with C-C, −COH and −COOH groups.
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Alfaro-Ayala, J. Arturo, Armando Gallegos-Muñoz, Alejandro Zaleta-Aguilar, Victor Hugo Rangel Hernandez, and Alfonso Campos-Amezcua. "Numerical Analysis of a Gas Turbine Using Bio-Ethanol." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85542.

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The change of the fuel to a bio-fuel in a gas turbine combustor is a defiant challenge due to there is not enough information about the thermal behavior into the combustor, even there is not information about the change of conventional fuel used. In these sense, a numerical analysis using Natural Gas, Diesel and Bio-Ethanol is presented. The results show a significant reduction of the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) when the diesel and bio-ethanol are used in the gas turbine combustor (TITNatural Gas = 1,262.24 K, TITDiesel = 1,204.67 K and TITBio-ethanol = 918.24 K). This leads to an increment of the diesel and bio-fuel mass flow rate in order to reach the allowable condition of the gas turbine combustor. As it is well known, the reduction of the TIT means a reduction of the output power of the gas turbine, thus to avoid this, the increase of bio-ethanol was about 255.5% and diesel was about 112.2% (considering 3.6 kg/s of fuel as the full load). This paper gives an attempt to discover the viability to use bio-fuels in gas turbines from the thermal-fluid dynamic standpoint.
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Vaughn, Timothy, Mark Wessel, Anthony Marchese, and Michael Harris. "Microgravity Ignition Delay of Bio-Ester Fuel Droplets." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-741.

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Ouitrakul, Sarinee, Mana Sriyudthsak, and Toshihide Kakizono. "Effect of Electron Acceptor in Bio-Fuel Cell." In 2006 1st IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2006.334782.

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Hunt, B., and D. Bond. "Microfabrication of anodes for use in microbial fuel cells." In 2006 Bio Micro and Nanosystems Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmn.2006.330888.

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Zheng, Xuan, Shirin Jouzdani, and Benjamin Akih-Kumgeh. "Auto Ignition Study of Methane and Bio Alcohol Fuel Blends." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91978.

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Abstract Methane (CH4) and bio alcohols have different ignition properties. These have been extensively studied and the resulting experimental data have been used to validate chemical kinetic models. Methane is the main component of natural gas, which is of interest because of its relative availability and lower emissions compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. Given growing interest in fuel-flexible systems, there can be situations in which the combustion properties of natural gas need to be modified by adding biofuels, such as bio alcohols. This can occur in dual fuel internal combustion engines or gas turbines with dual fuel capabilities. The combustion behavior of such blends can be understood by studying the auto ignition properties in fundamental combustion experiments. Studies of the ignition of such blends are very limited in the literature. In this work, the auto ignition of methane and bio alcohol fuel blends is investigated using a shock tube facility. The chosen bio alcohols are ethanol (C2H5OH) and n-propanol (NC3H7OH). Experiments are carried out at 3 atm and 10 atm for stoichiometric and lean mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and argon. The ignition delay times of the pure fuels are first established at conditions of constant oxygen concentration and comparable pressures. The ignition delay times of blends with 50% methane are then measured. The pyrolysis kinetics of the blends is further explored by measuring CO formation during pyrolysis of the alcohol and methane-alcohol blends. The resulting experimental data are compared with the predictions of selected chemical kinetic models to establish the ability of these models to predict the disproportionate enhancement of methane ignition by the added alcohol.
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Reports on the topic "Bio fuel"

1

Jezierski, Kelly. National Bio-fuel Energy Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000783.

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Letsche, Nicholas, Peter J. Lammers, and Mark S. Honeyman. Bulk Density of Bio-Fuel Byproducts. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-777.

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Fujimoto, Cy H., Christopher James Cornelius, Daniel Harvey Doughty, Randy John Shul, Andrew William Walker, ), Swapnil Chhabra, et al. Bio micro fuel cell grand challenge final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876287.

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Anthony Terrinoni and Sean Gifford. A Bio-Based Fuel Cell for Distributed Energy Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933041.

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Wong, J. K. L., G. N. Banks, and H. Whaley. Durability of gas turbine engine components in a bio-fuel combustion atmosphere. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304635.

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Warrington, G., Jim Keiser, and Raynella Connatser. Corrosion Studies of Pine-Derived Bio-Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil Blends. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632093.

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Kass, Michael D. Corrosion Potential of Selected Bio-blendstock Fuel Candidates for Boosted Spark Ignited Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484989.

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Mago, Pedro, and LeLe Newell. Mississippi State University Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CHP) and Bio-Fuel Center. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178540.

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Louay Chamra. Micro Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CHP) and Bio-Fuel Center, Mississippi State University. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/949763.

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Wilson, Cary W., Frederick R. Schauer, Paul J. Litke, John L. Hoke, and Jon-Russell J. Groenewegen. Petroleum-Based and Bio-Derived Jet Fuel Efficiency Optimization Using Fuel Injection in a 34cc 4- Stroke Spark-Ignition Engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-32-0601.

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