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1

Hao, Peng, Lin’an Li, and Jianxun Du. "Research on the Response Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Composite Sandwich Structure under Low Velocity Impact." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2101, no. 1 (2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2101/1/012087.

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Abstract In order to research the impact mechanical response characteristics of the bio-inspired composite sandwich structure, the hemispherical impactor is preloaded with different energy to impact bio-inspired and conventional composite sandwich structure, the stress distribution and dynamic response characteristics of composite sandwich structure under impact load are studied. The results show that the main damage of the upper panel is fiber shear fracture, while crushing fracture for the core, and the main damage of the lower panel is fiber tensile tearing under different impact load. The
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2

Gandi, Shyam Sundar, Suman Gandi, Saidi Reddy Parne, Motilal Lakavat, Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty, and Gangaraju Gedda. "Bio-Inspired C/N/TiO2 Hybrid Composite Heterostructure: Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light." Journal of Nanotechnology 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5816063.

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The hydrothermal treatment was used to create a natural hierarchical bio-inspired carbon and nitrogen-doped C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. It is the goal of this work to investigate the photocatalytic activity of bio-inspired C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. Techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to explore the structural, morphological, and photocatalysis characteristics of the bio-inspired C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. By doping carbon and nitrogen, TiO2 nanotubes were able to imp
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3

Akrami, Roya, Sakineh Fotouhi, Mohamad Fotouhi, Mahdi Bodaghi, Joseph Clamp, and Amir Bolouri. "High-performance bio-inspired composite T-joints." Composites Science and Technology 184 (November 2019): 107840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107840.

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4

Fu, Fanfan, Zhuoyue Chen, Ze Zhao, et al. "Bio-inspired self-healing structural color hydrogel." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 5900–5905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703616114.

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Biologically inspired self-healing structural color hydrogels were developed by adding a glucose oxidase (GOX)- and catalase (CAT)-filled glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA hydrogel into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) inverse opal scaffolds. The composite hydrogel materials with the polymerized GelMA scaffold could maintain the stability of an inverse opal structure and its resultant structural colors, whereas the protein hydrogel filler could impart self-healing capability through the reversible covalent attachment of glutaraldehyde to lysine residues of BSA and enzyme additives. A series of unpr
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5

Khuntia, Sravan Kumar, Himanshu Bana, and Dr Shantanu Bhowmik. "Bio Inspired Self-Curing Composite: A Leap into Augmented Enactment." Scientific Review, no. 66 (June 25, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.66.41.47.

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Relentless progress has been made on composite materials, their manufacturing processes and their structural design in past few decades. Nevertheless, the approval of composite materials in all engineering disciplines is constrained due to its susceptibility to various kinds of defects during manufacturing stage viz porosity, foreign body inclusion, incorrect fiber volume, bonding defect, fiber misalignment, ply misalignment, incorrect curing cycle, wavy fiber, ply cracking, delamination, fiber microstructural defects etc. Hence there was a requirement of techniques to somehow overcome these d
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6

Zhang, Hang, Shuhai Liu, Huaping Xiao, and Xun Zhang. "Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Bio-Inspired Nacre-Like Composites." Materials 11, no. 9 (2018): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091563.

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Ceramic materials possessing the properties of high-strength and rigidity are widely used in industry. The shell nacre has a layered structure containing both macroscopic and microscopic levels and is equipped with superior qualities regarding hardness and strength. Therefore, the ceramic composites with a nacre-like layered structure have the potential to be utilized as sliding bearings employed in the harsh conditions of wells. For the purpose of this paper, a porous Al2O3 ceramics skeleton with nanometer powder is prepared using the freeze-casting method. Then the porous ceramic skeleton is
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7

Wan, Mincen, Dayong Hu, and Baoqing Pei. "Performance of 3D-Printed Bionic Conch-Like Composite Plate under Low-Velocity Impact." Materials 15, no. 15 (2022): 5201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155201.

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Biological armors can provide an effective protection against predators. In this study, inspired by conch shell, beetle exoskeleton, and nacre, three different types of bionic composites plates were fabricated: Bio-S, Bio-B, and Bio-N, as well as an equivalent monolithic plate formed from the same stiff material designed and manufactured by additive manufacturing, respectively. Low velocity impact tests using drop tower were conducted to study their impact resistance. Experimental findings indicated that the Bio-S composite had superior impact resistance compared with the other bionic composit
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8

Nam, Kyung Mok, Yoon Joo Lee, Woo Teck Kwon, et al. "Bio-Inspired Synthesis of a Silicate/PMMA Composite." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 51, no. 1 (2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2014.51.1.007.

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9

Nam, Kyung Mok, Yoon Joo Lee, Woo Teck Kwon, et al. "Bio-Inspired Synthesis of a Silicate/PMMA Composite." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 51, no. 1 (2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2014.51.1.7.

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10

Ryu, Ji Hyun, Yu-han Lee, Won Ho Kong, Taek Gyoung Kim, and Tae Gwan Park. "Bio-inspired tissue adhesive chitosan/pluronic composite hydrogel." Journal of Controlled Release 152 (November 2011): e236-e237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.033.

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11

Yang Liu, Rong Yin, and Wei-Dong Yu. "The Bio-inspired Study of Homogeneous Composite Materials." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 1 (2010): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998310371553.

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12

Nam, Kyung Mok, Yoon Joo Lee, Soo Ryong Kim, Woo Teck Kwon, Hyung Sun Kim, and Y. Kim. "Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Al2O3/Polymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.107.

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The formation of organic-inorganic hybrid composite with ceramic platelets and polymeric compound can have the higher strength and higher elasticity than metal, which is a nanocomposite with high strength and light weight. Ceramic platelet such as Al2O3has been used to form organic-inorganic composite material using PMMA as an organic polymer. Bending strength and density of the composites prepared by infiltration and post-warm pressing were measured. FE-SEM and TG analysis were carried out to determine the microstructure of the organic-inorganic composite materials. Bending strengths and dens
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13

Tran, Phuong, Tuan Duc Ngo, and Priyan Mendis. "Bio-inspired composite structures subjected to underwater impulsive loading." Computational Materials Science 82 (February 2014): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.09.033.

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14

Villanueva, A. A., K. B. Joshi, J. B. Blottman, and S. Priya. "A bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (BISMAC) actuator." Smart Materials and Structures 19, no. 2 (2010): 025013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/19/2/025013.

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15

Mohamed, Nazira, Salwa A. Mohamed, and Mohamed A. Eltaher. "Nonlinear Static Stability of Imperfect Bio-Inspired Helicoidal Composite Beams." Mathematics 10, no. 7 (2022): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10071084.

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The objective of this manuscript is to develop, for the first time, a mathematical model for the prediction of buckling, postbuckling, and nonlinear bending of imperfect bio-inspired helicoidal composite beams with nonlinear rotation angle. The equilibrium nonlinear integrodifferential equations of imperfect (curved) helicoidal composite beams are derived from the Euler–Bernoulli kinematic assumption. The differential integral quadrature method (DIQM) and Newton-iterative method are employed to evaluate the response of imperfect helicoidal composite beams. Following the validation of the propo
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16

Yin, Shengyan, Xiaoju Men, Hang Sun, et al. "Enhanced photocurrent generation of bio-inspired graphene/ZnO composite films." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 12016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02297e.

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17

Doineau, Estelle, Bernard Cathala, Jean-Charles Benezet, Julien Bras, and Nicolas Le Moigne. "Development of Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Fibres to Tailor the Fibre/Matrix Interphase in (Bio)composites." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050804.

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Several naturally occurring biological systems, such as bones, nacre or wood, display hierarchical architectures with a central role of the nanostructuration that allows reaching amazing properties such as high strength and toughness. Developing such architectures in man-made materials is highly challenging, and recent research relies on this concept of hierarchical structures to design high-performance composite materials. This review deals more specifically with the development of hierarchical fibres by the deposition of nano-objects at their surface to tailor the fibre/matrix interphase in
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18

Kim, Jeong-Hwan, and Tsai-Ming Lu. "Bio-inspired Janus composite nanoscrolls for on-demand tumour targeting." RSC Advances 6, no. 21 (2016): 17179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27080d.

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19

Han, Yanting, Jinlian Hu, and Xiaoyu Chen. "A skin inspired bio-smart composite with water responsive shape memory ability." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 6 (2019): 1128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00114j.

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20

Li, Jiao, and Jianguo Huang. "A nanofibrous polypyrrole/silicon composite derived from cellulose substance as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries." Chemical Communications 51, no. 78 (2015): 14590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05300e.

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21

Wang, Mengya, Dongling Jia, Jiao Li, and Jianguo Huang. "Nanofibrous silicon/carbon composite sheet derived from cellulose substance as free-standing lithium-ion battery anodes." RSC Adv. 4, no. 64 (2014): 33981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05820h.

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22

Mohamed, S. A., N. Mohamed, and M. A. Eltaher. "Bending, buckling and linear vibration of bio-inspired composite plates." Ocean Engineering 259 (September 2022): 111851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111851.

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23

Guarino, V., A. Gloria, M. G. Raucci, R. De Santis, and L. Ambrosio*. "Bio-inspired composite and cell instructive platforms for bone regeneration." International Materials Reviews 57, no. 5 (2012): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0950660812z.00000000021.

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24

Fischer, Sebastian F., Marc Thielen, Philipp Weiß, et al. "Production and properties of a precision-cast bio-inspired composite." Journal of Materials Science 49, no. 1 (2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7878-4.

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25

Smith, Colin, Alex Villanueva, Keyur Joshi, Yonas Tadesse, and Shashank Priya. "Working principle of bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite actuators." Smart Materials and Structures 20, no. 1 (2010): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/20/1/012001.

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26

Saroj, Ananti, K. A. Jesna Rose, C. O. Arun, and S. Anup. "Design of a bio-inspired composite using probabilistic fracture mechanics." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 95 (July 2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.001.

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27

Mo, Yanqiang, Peihong Xue, Qiang Yang, et al. "Composite Slow-Release Fouling Release Coating Inspired by Synergistic Anti-Fouling Effect of Scaly Fish." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162602.

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Inspired by the antifouling properties of scaly fish, the conventional silicone coating with phenylmethylsilicone oil (PSO/PDMS) composite coating was fabricated and modified with single layer polystyrene (PS) microsphere (PSO/PDMS-PS) arrays. The fish scale like micro-nano structures were fabricated on the surface of bio-inspired coating, which can reduce the contact area with the secreted protein membrane of fouling organisms effectively and prevent further adhesion between fouling organisms and bio-inspired coating. Meanwhile, PSO exuded to the coating surface has the similar function with
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28

Gao, Jinxiang, Yihui Yuan, Qiuhan Yu, et al. "Bio-inspired antibacterial cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel for highly efficient uranium(vi) capture from seawater." Chemical Communications 56, no. 28 (2020): 3935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09936k.

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We have developed a new bio-inspired tough antibacterial cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel membrane with ultra-efficient uranium adsorption capacity and broad-spectrum antibacterial performance.
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29

Wei, Qiangbing, Ruirong Shi, Dedai Lu, and Ziqiang Lei. "In situ formation of gold nanoparticles on magnetic halloysite nanotubes via polydopamine chemistry for highly effective and recyclable catalysis." RSC Advances 6, no. 35 (2016): 29245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02789j.

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A simple and green approach to fabricate magnetic halloysite nanotubes supported Au nanoparticles composite from bio-inspired polydopamine chemistry was demonstrated for highly effective and recyclable catalysis.
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30

Stögerer, Johannes, Sonja Baumgartner, Alexander Hochwallner, and Jürgen Stampfl. "Bio-Inspired Toughening of Composites in 3D-Printing." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214714.

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Natural materials achieve exceptional mechanical properties by relying on hierarchically structuring their internal architecture. In several marine species, layers of stiff and hard inorganic material are separated by thin compliant organic layers, giving their skeleton both stiffness and toughness. This phenomenon is fundamentally based on the periodical variation of Young’s modulus within the structure. In this study, alteration of mechanical properties is achieved through a layer-wise build-up of two different materials. A hybrid 3D-printing device combining stereolithography and inkjet pri
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31

Deng, Yajun, Weibin Bai, Jipeng Chen, et al. "Bio-inspired electrochemical corrosion coatings derived from graphene/natural lacquer composites." RSC Advances 7, no. 71 (2017): 45034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08536b.

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32

Zhang, Jiajing, Pingyuan Zhang, Chunhua Zhang, Jiahao Xu, Leyan Zhang, and Liangjun Xia. "Bio-Inspired Thermal Conductive Fibers by Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Boron Nitride Hybrid." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20 (2024): 11156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011156.

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With the innovation of modern electronics, heat dissipation in the devices faces several problems. In our work, boron nitride (BN) with good thermal conductivity (TC) was successfully fabricated by constructing the BN along the axial direction and the surface-grafted BN hybrid composite fibers via the wet-spinning and hot-pressing method. The unique inter-outer and inter-interconnected hybrid structure of composite fibers exhibited 176.47% thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE), which exhibits good TC, mechanical resistance, and chemical resistance. In addition, depending on the special struct
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33

Yuhazril bin Yaakob, Mohd, Mohamad Pazlin bin Saion, and Mohd Amirhafizan bin Husin. "The potency of natural and synthetic composites for ballistic resistance: A review." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 1, no. 2 (2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v1i2.52.

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Mechanical characteristics of the laminated composite crafted from fabric type reinforcement perhaps inspired via the weaving method and reinforcement agent's usage due to each layer's constructional parameter. As a result, research on the arrangement configuration between bio composite and synthetic fibre for the material shape was proposed to enhance the composite structure's biodiversity and physical characteristics. Substitute for natural fibre in synthetic fibre composite works has shown the excessive capacity to be explored scientifically. The evaluation focused on the concept and essent
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34

Cecoltan, Sergiu, Daniela G. Petre, Eliza Georgeta Stan, et al. "Alginate Used to Develop Bio-Inspired Composite Microparticles for Bone Regeneration." Key Engineering Materials 638 (March 2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.638.20.

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This work describes the synthesis of composite particles for bone regeneration. The developed method is based on a bio-inspired approach starting from the composition, properties and hierarchical organization of bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The composite material was designed as spherical particles able to ensure interconnected porosity through their assembling inside the bone defect. nanohydroxyapatite was generated in the organic matrix in order to mimic the composition and the organization of the mineral phase in bone tissue. A collagen derivative was used as main natural polymer of the
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35

Yang, Jingguo, Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu, Ying Li, Dandan Song, and Gang Shi. "A Novel Bio-Inspired Ag/3D-TiO2/Si SERS Substrate with Ordered Moth-like Structure." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (2022): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183127.

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This paper reports a novel method to fabricate a bio-inspired SERS substrate with low reflectivity, ultra-sensitivity, excellent uniformity, and recyclability. First, double layers of polystyrene spheres with different particle sizes were assembled on the surface of a silicon wafer to act as a moth-like template. Second, through the template sacrifice method, the TiO2 film with a three-dimensional moth-like eye structure was induced by the double-layer polystyrene spheres in the previous step, and its microscopic morphology showed a high degree of order. Finally, Ag nanoparticles were assemble
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36

Malekinejad, Hossein, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, Alireza Akhavan-Safar, Eduardo A. S. Marques, Maria Ferreira, and Lucas F. M. da Silva. "Bio-Inspired Helicoidal Composite Structure Featuring Graded Variable Ply Pitch under Transverse Tensile Loading." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 6 (2024): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060228.

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Biostructures found in nature exhibit remarkable strength, toughness, and damage resistance, achieved over millions of years. Observing nature closely might help develop laminates that resemble natural structures more closely, potentially improving strength and mimicking natural principles. Bio-inspired Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) investigated thus far exhibit consistent pitch angles between layers, whereas natural structures display gradual variations in pitch angle rather than consistency. Therefore, this study explores helicoidal CFRP laminates, focusing on the Non-Linear Rotati
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37

Ma, M., L. Guo, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer. "Bio-Inspired Polymer Composite Actuator and Generator Driven by Water Gradients." Science 339, no. 6116 (2013): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1230262.

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38

Shi, Gang, Junling Guo, Likui Wang, et al. "Photoactive PANI/TiO2/Si composite coatings with 3D bio-inspired structures." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 15 (2017): 6965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00395a.

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39

Loutas, Theodoros, Athanasios Oikonomou, and Christoforos Rekatsinas. "Bio-inspired discontinuous composite materials with a machine learning optimized architecture." Composite Structures 351 (January 2025): 118597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118597.

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40

Riley, Katherine S., Hortense Le Ferrand, and Andres F. Arrieta. "Modeling of snapping composite shells with magnetically aligned bio-inspired reinforcements." Smart Materials and Structures 27, no. 11 (2018): 114003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aad797.

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41

Yu, Wenbo, Kai Zhu, Yann Aman, Zhipeng Guo, and Shoumei Xiong. "Bio-inspired design of SiCf-reinforced multi-layered Ti-intermetallic composite." Materials & Design 101 (July 2016): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.138.

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42

Amrita, M., and N. Mohan Rao. "Optimal design of multilayered composite plate using bio-inspired optimisation techniques." International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation 3, no. 5 (2011): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbic.2011.042255.

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43

Zhou, Min, and Dan Xu. "Starch-MMT composite films: Effects of bio-inspired modification on MMT." Starch - Stärke 67, no. 5-6 (2015): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201400231.

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44

Singh, Prem Pal, Anurima De, and Bhanu Bhusan Khatua. "Bio-inspired smart composite architecture for thermally tunable green EMI shielding." Applied Surface Science 643 (January 2024): 158643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158643.

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45

Burns, L. A., A. P. Mouritz, D. Pook, and S. Feih. "Bio-inspired design of aerospace composite joints for improved damage tolerance." Composite Structures 94, no. 3 (2012): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.11.005.

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46

Drotlef, D. M., C. B. Dayan, and M. Sitti. "Bio-inspired Composite Microfibers for Strong and Reversible Adhesion on Smooth Surfaces." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 1 (2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz009.

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Abstract A novel approach for high-performance gecko-inspired adhesives for strong and reversible adhesion to smooth surfaces is proposed. The composite patterns comprising elastomeric mushroom-shaped microfibers decorated with an extremely soft and thin terminal layer of pressure sensitive adhesive. Through the optimal tip shape and improved load sharing, the adhesion performance was greatly enhanced. A high adhesion strength of 300 kPa together with superior durability on smooth surfaces are achieved, outperforming monolithic fibers by 35 times. Our concept of composite microfibrillar adhesi
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47

Ding, Zhongqiu, Ben Wang, Hong Xiao, and Yugang Duan. "Hybrid Bio-Inspired Structure Based on Nacre and Woodpecker Beak for Enhanced Mechanical Performance." Polymers 13, no. 21 (2021): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213681.

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Materials with high strength and toughness have always been pursued by academic and industrial communities. This work presented a novel hybrid brick-and-mortar-like structure by introducing the wavy structure of the woodpecker beak for enhanced mechanical performance. The effects of tablet waviness and tablet wave number on the mechanical performance of the bio-inspired composites were analyzed. Compared with nacre-like composites with a flat tablet, the strength, stiffness and toughness of the novel hybrid nacre-like composite with tablet wave surface increased by up to 191.3%, 46.6% and 811.
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48

Ma, Ningxin, Wenzheng Xu, Xiaolong Chang, and Shuying Lan. "Bio-Inspired PG/PEI Co-Deposition for Interfacial Modification of HMX/F2602." Polymers 17, no. 12 (2025): 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121702.

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The issue of interfacial inhomogeneity in energetic materials remains a significant challenge. In this study, fluoroelastomer F2602 was applied to HMX crystals using a water suspension granulation technique, followed by a bio-inspired coating formed via the crosslinking polymerization of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and pyrogallol (PG) on the HMX/F2602 composite. This process resulted in the formation of an HMX/F2602/PEI-PG microcapsule structure. Various characterization techniques confirmed that the chemical structure and polycrystalline morphology of the crystals were preserved throughout the co
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49

Wang, Xiaohan, and Dongxu Li. "A New Biomimetic Composite Structure with Tunable Stiffness and Superior Toughness via Designed Structure Breakage." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030636.

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Mimicking natural structures has been highly pursued recently in composite structure design to break the bottlenecks in the mechanical properties of the traditional structures. Bone has a remarkable comprehensive performance of strength, stiffness and toughness, due to the intricate hierarchical microstructures and the sacrificial bonds within the organic components. Inspired by the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of cortical bone, a new biomimetic composite structure, with a designed progressive breakable internal construction mimicking the sacrificial bond, is proposed in this paper.
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50

Tabatabaeian, Ali, Reza Mohammadi, Philip Harrison, and Mohammad Fotouhi. "Characterisation and Application of Bio-Inspired Hybrid Composite Sensors for Detecting Barely Visible Damage under Out-of-Plane Loadings." Sensors 24, no. 16 (2024): 5170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24165170.

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Traditional inspection methods often fall short in detecting defects or damage in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures, which can compromise their performance and safety over time. A prime example is barely visible impact damage (BVID) caused by out-of-plane loadings such as indentation and low-velocity impact that can considerably reduce the residual strength. Therefore, developing advanced visual inspection techniques is essential for early detection of defects, enabling proactive maintenance and extending the lifespan of composite structures. This study explores the viability
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