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Giromini, Carlotta, Marco Tretola, Cinzia Cristiani, Elisabetta Finocchio, Paolo Silacci, Sara Panseri, Matteo Dell’Anno, Antonella Baldi, and Luciana Rossi. "Evaluation of the Absorption of Methionine Carried by Mineral Clays and Zeolites in Porcine Ex Vivo Permeability Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 6384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146384.
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Supplemental dietary amino acids (AAs) need to be provided in a form that prevents their degradation along the gastrointestinal tract to guarantee their high bioavailability and bioactivity. In this study, methionine (Met) protected via organo-clay intercalation (natural carriers) has been developed as a sustainable alternative to polymeric coating. Specifically, two different bentonite-zeolite-based mineral clays were tested, Adsorbene (ADS) and BioKi (BIO). Briefly, 1 g of the carrier (ADS or BIO) was contacted with 50 mL of an aqueous solution at a pH of 3.0, 5.8, and 8.9. Solid-liquid separation was conducted. The released Met in the liquid phase was analysed by Chemical Oxygen Demand, while residual Met in the solid phase was analysed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of Met-ADS complex on cell viability was tested on IPEC-J2 cells incubated 3 h with Met-ADS 2.5 mM. Jejunum segments obtained by entire male pigs (Swiss Large White, body weight 100 ± 5 kg) were used as ex vivo models to compare the absorption of 2.5 mM Met released by ADS with 2.5 mM free Met and its influence on epithelial integrity in perfusion Ussing chambers. The carriers released a very low amount of Met and Met-BIO interaction was stronger than Met-ADS. The maximum release of Met was at pH 3, with 3% and 6% of Met release from Met-BIO and Met-ADS, respectively. Cell viability experiments revealed that Met-ADS did not alter cell metabolic activity. No differences in Met absorption and intestinal epithelial integrity were observed ex vivo between free Met and Met-ADS. This study provided new insights into the release of Met from natural clays such as ADS and BIO, the safety of its use in the porcine intestine and the ability of ADS-released Met to absorb to the same extent as the free Met in porcine jejunum.
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Le Curieux, F., and F. Nesslany. "Le "bio" nous met-il à l'abri des contaminants ?" Sciences des Aliments 28, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/sda.28.265-269.
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Walsh, John, and Dilip Kumar Jha. "Bio-Caps Nepal." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 1, no. 1 (June 2012): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/227797791200100105.
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Bio-Caps India manufactures gelatin capsules for pharmaceutical manufacturers in India. The capsules are made in part from animal products, which represents an area of cultural sensitivity and requires the trust of end users and intermediaries who recommend specific drugs. Currently, Nepalese manufacturers deal with a single supplier and there is an opportunity for Bio-Caps to open a branch office in Kathmandu to work with local producers to provide better service. However, Nepal remains a poor country with very limited physical or business infrastructure, and it is far from certain that projected market demand can be met in circumstances of such uncertainty. The case focuses on the specific form and business model selected by the company and considers whether these are suitable for the environment to be explored.
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Zhang, Hong Yu, Jun Gu, Gui Qin Wang, Li Wei Hao, and Xue Qin Wu. "Influence of Aeration Modes on Aerobic Bio-Drying of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.934.
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The process of biodrying could be a good solution for municipal solid waste management, allowing the production of fuel with an interesting energy content. In this study, bio-drying the mixed municipal solid waste (with the size among 15-80 mm) with different aeration modes were conducted. During the experiment, temperature, oxygen content and moisture content were determined, and continuous measurements of H2S and CH4 were taken. The results indicated that the thermophilic phases of all treatments beside T1 were met the Chinese standard of >55°C for 5-7 days for sanitation. The aeration mode of T4 was in favor of reduced the H2S and CH4 emission during MSW bio-drying. Under the condition of this study, the bio-drying cycle should be determined for 18 days. Intermittent ventilation mode is more effective to reduce the moisture content in MSW bio-drying process. So the aeration mode of T4 (2.0L/min, 30min run/30 min stop) was the first choice during MSW bio-drying.
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. "Overstap van een merk naar een merkloos product, hoe zit het met de bio-equivalentie?" Medisch-Farmaceutische Mededelingen 40, no. 7 (July 2002): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03057988.
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Abergel, Élisabeth. "La connaissance scientifique aux frontières du bio-art : le vivant à l’ère du post-naturel." Cahiers de recherche sociologique, no. 50 (September 27, 2011): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005979ar.
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C’est en situant le concept du vivant tel qu’appréhendé par les technosciences et la nouvelle bio-économie, que le texte tente d’articuler la place du bio-art dans la production de la connaissance scientifique. La notion d’objet-frontière est utilisée afin de comprendre le dialogue qui peut s’établir entre deux mondes hétérogènes autour du statut du vivant. D’un côté, le monde de l’art qui met en scène le vivant dans ses oeuvres en le manipulant de manière créative et qui s’immisce dans la pratique scientifique et biogénétique à des fins « est-éthiques » et politiques, et qui tente d’interroger l’avenir de l’humain en explorant les possibilités du vivant. De l’autre côté, le monde scientifique qui tente de s’approprier le vivant en le redéfinissant dans le contexte de la bio-économie dans une logique endogène de production des savoirs. L’article explore les façons dont l’univers du bio-art, en intervenant dans le vivant, peut ouvrir de nouveaux espaces de réflexion sur le statut du vivant dans un monde post-naturel.
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Cuillerai, Marie, and Marc Abélès. "Mondialisation : du géo-culturel au bio-politique." Anthropologie et Sociétés 26, no. 1 (March 27, 2003): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000700ar.
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Résumé La mondialisation est souvent décrite comme un phénomène principalement économique, et l’intérêt d’une approche anthropologique est d’en saisir la dimension géo-culturelle. Notre but est de faire apparaître tout l’intérêt de cette perspective en nous référant aux travaux d’Arjun Appadurai. Ce dernier met en évidence la crise de l’État-nation traditionnel et l’impact de la circulation des individus et des informations. Dans ce contexte, l’imagination joue un rôle essentiel, il est possible de produire de nouvelles localités. On confronte ici l’analyse d’Appadurai à une autre perspective qui souligne aussi l’importance des déplacements de population, mais place l’accent sur la dimension bio-politique de cette situation. En nous référant aux travaux de Michel Foucault et de Giorgio Agamben, nous montrerons que la prise en compte de cette perspective bio-politique peut permettre de mieux comprendre certains aspects de la mondialisation qui échappent à l’approche géo-culturelle.
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Le, Thi Thom, and Diem Hong Dang. "Cultivation and extraction of omega 3-6 fatty acids from the heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 to make a functional food." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/168rjbt2221.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the different fermentation conditions for Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 biomass production rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to determine the optimal conditions for bio-oil extraction from the algal biomass and to study the pharmacological effects of this bio-oil in experimental animal models. After 108 h of fed-batch fermentation, the cell density, dry biomass, lipid contents and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents reached 392.53±3.89×106 cells/mL, 100.41±3.17 g/L, 41.04±0.87% dry cell weight (DCW) and 33.33±1.96% total fatty acids (TFAs) respectively. The in situ transesterification producing bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids from the biomass of the TB17 strain reached a yield of TFAs of 45.02±1.37% DCW. The yields of PUFAs and SFAs were 30.02±0.38% and 69.98±0.53% of TFA respectively. The bio-oil mainly contains DHA and EPA accounting for 74.04±0.25% and 10.97±0.43% of the TFAs respectively. The bio-oil met the Vietnam food safety standard. According to the results of the acute in mice and the subchronic oral toxicity in rats for 90 days, the bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids is safe and has the ability to improve memory and learning ability in mice which can be made functional food oil capsules for human.
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Lord, Phillip, and Robert Stevens. "ISMB 2003 Bio-ontologies SIG and Sixth Annual Bio-ontologies Meeting Report." Comparative and Functional Genomics 4, no. 6 (2003): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.339.
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The Annual Bio-Ontologies meeting (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevens/meeting03/) has now been running for 6 consecutive years, as a special interest group (SIG) of the much larger ISMB conference. It met in Brisbane, Australia, this summer, the first time it was held outside North America or Europe. The bio-ontologies meeting is 1 day long and normally has around 100 attendees. This year there were many fewer, no doubt a result of the distance, global politics and SARS. The meeting consisted of a series of 30 min talks with no formal peer review or publication. Talks ranged in style from fairly formal and complete pieces of work, through works in progress, to the very informal and discursive. Each year's meeting has a theme and this year it was ‘ontologies, and text processing’. There is a tendency for those submitting talks to ignore the theme completely, but this year's theme obviously struck a chord, as half the programme was about ontologies and text analysis (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevensr/meeting03/programme.html). Despite the smaller size of the meeting, the programme was particularly strong this year, meaning that the tension between allowing time for the many excellent talks, discussion and questions from the floor was particular keenly felt. A happy problem to have!
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Gea, Saharman, Noni Oktari, Andriayani Andriayani, Sri Rahayu, and Averroes F. Piliang. "Comparative Optimization of Cellulase and Laccase Enzymes in Deinking Process of Used Newspapers." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.10.353-359.
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The use of enzymes in the bio-deinking process of newspaper waste has promising potential. However, investigations on the concentration of enzyme combinations need to be carried out to obtain the optimum ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes for the bio-deinking process of recycled newspapers. The mixture of the two enzymes at various ratios was used to remove the ink on paper pulp from used newspapers by mechanical disintegration method treatment and followed by the bio-deinking process in an incubator shaker. The characterization of functional groups, structures, and thermal properties of bio-deinked pulp paper was carried out by FTIR, XRD, DTG/TGA, and an analysis of the degree of brightness to the prepared paper. FTIR results confirmed three main components of papers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The XRD results showed that the equal ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes had an effect on a higher crystallinity index, which was 78.8% compared to those obtained from the conventional methods with a crystallinity index of 69.7%. Thermal analysis showed that the optimum combination of both enzymes contributed the most at the highest temperature where the rate of degradation decreased. Brightness analysis showed that bio-deinking had met the quality requirements for newsprint paper in SNI 7273:2008. Our findings show that the combination of cellulase and laccase enzymes at the same ratio can produce optimal bio-deinked pulp for paper fabrication with excellent characteristics in brightness, thermal, and physical properties.
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Balat, Havva, and Cahide Öz. "Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-Diesel Production in Turkey." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 26, no. 5 (October 2008): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459808787945371.
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This paper will discuss the main challenges and opportunities for sustainable production of bio-diesel fuel in Turkey. Turkey's energy demand has risen rapidly as a result of economic and social development over the past two decades. As in many other countries, Turkey is heavily dependent on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Fossil fuels account for approximately 88% of the country's total primary energy consumption. Turkey imports three major sources of energy, and its dependence on imported fossil fuels is expected to increase even further. At present, Turkey's oil production met only 7% of demand, the rest was imported. In spite of Turkey's heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy demand, the country has a large potential for development of renewable resources of every type. Bio-fuels can provide an opportunity for Turkey to decrease its dependence on foreign oil, eliminate irregularities in agriculture, create new employment opportunities, decrease rural depopulation, and sustainable energy development. Turkey has a large area of suitable agricultural land for the production of bio-fuel crops. Unfortunately, only about 4–5% of total cultivable area is used for cultivating bio-fuel crops. The vegetable oil sector, which is considered to be one of the strengths of the Turkish agriculture and process industry, could be reformed to meet bio-diesel production demands.
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Peters, Adam, Charlotte Nys, Graham Merrington, Frederik Verdonck, Stijn Baken, Christopher A. Cooper, Frank Van Assche, Christian Schlekat, and Emily Garman. "Demonstrating the Reliability of bio‐met for Determining Compliance with Environmental Quality Standards for Metals in Europe." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39, no. 12 (November 10, 2020): 2361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4883.
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Yoo, Duck Kyun, Seung Ryul Lee, Yushin Jung, Haejun Han, Hwa Kyoung Lee, Jerome Han, Soohyun Kim, Jisu Chae, Taehoon Ryu, and Junho Chung. "Machine Learning-Guided Prediction of Antigen-Reactive In Silico Clonotypes Based on Changes in Clonal Abundance through Bio-Panning." Biomolecules 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030421.
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c-Met is a promising target in cancer therapy for its intrinsic oncogenic properties. However, there are currently no c-Met-specific inhibitors available in the clinic. Antibodies blocking the interaction with its only known ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, and/or inducing receptor internalization have been clinically tested. To explore other therapeutic antibody mechanisms like Fc-mediated effector function, bispecific T cell engagement, and chimeric antigen T cell receptors, a diverse panel of antibodies is essential. We prepared a chicken immune scFv library, performed four rounds of bio-panning, obtained 641 clones using a high-throughput clonal retrieval system (TrueRepertoireTM, TR), and found 149 antigen-reactive scFv clones. We also prepared phagemid DNA before the start of bio-panning (round 0) and, after each round of bio-panning (round 1–4), performed next-generation sequencing of these five sets of phagemid DNA, and identified 860,207 HCDR3 clonotypes and 443,292 LCDR3 clonotypes along with their clonal abundance data. We then established a TR data set consisting of antigen reactivity for scFv clones found in TR analysis and the clonal abundance of their HCDR3 and LCDR3 clonotypes in five sets of phagemid DNA. Using the TR data set, a random forest machine learning algorithm was trained to predict the binding properties of in silico HCDR3 and LCDR3 clonotypes. Subsequently, we synthesized 40 HCDR3 and 40 LCDR3 clonotypes predicted to be antigen reactive (AR) and constructed a phage-displayed scFv library called the AR library. In parallel, we also prepared an antigen non-reactive (NR) library using 10 HCDR3 and 10 LCDR3 clonotypes predicted to be NR. After a single round of bio-panning, we screened 96 randomly-selected phage clones from the AR library and found out 14 AR scFv clones consisting of 5 HCDR3 and 11 LCDR3 AR clonotypes. We also screened 96 randomly-selected phage clones from the NR library, but did not identify any AR clones. In summary, machine learning algorithms can provide a method for identifying AR antibodies, which allows for the characterization of diverse antibody libraries inaccessible by traditional methods.
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Oktavia, Vina, Hidayat Pujisiswanto, Akari Edy, and Tri Dewi Andalasari. "Response of Growth and Results of Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt.) To the Effect of Dosage and Time of Fertilizing Bio-slurry Liquid Fertilizers." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v18i2.1237.
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The study aimed to was determine the effect of dose and time of fertilization bio-slurry liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn was held in Tanjung Laut, Fajar Baru village, Jati Agung district, South Lampung regency in October 2016 to January 2017. In this study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial treatment design (4 x 2) with three replications. The first factor was the dose of bio-slurry liquid fertilizer consisted 4 levels were 0, 25, 50, and 75 l/ha. The second factor was the fertilization time consisted of 2 levels were (2 and 4 MST) and (2, 4, and 6 MST). Variance of homogeneity was tested by Bartlett's test, if the assumptions were met, the data were analyzed by variance using F-test. The difference of median value of treatment will be tested by the Least Significance Difference Test (LSD) at 5% level. The results showed that the treatment of several doses of bio-slurry liquid fertilizer has an effect on the length of cob, while the treatment of some fertilization time has an effect on dry weight variables. However, the treatment of some dose levels and fertilization time of bio-slurry liquid fertilizer has not been able to increase growth and yield. Proper fertilization time does not depend on the dose of bio-slurry liquid fertilizer given in influencing the growth and yield of sweet corn crops.
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Lagzdina, Rudite, and Maija Rumaka. "Physical activity in healthy urban adults and its association with body composition parameters." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196802010.
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An adequate amount of physical activity (PA) in adults improves cardio-respiratory fitness, metabolic health and helps maintain a normal body weight and composition. Here we examined sex- and occupation-related PA patterns and their association with body composition parameters. Healthy volunteers (n = 97) aged 21–49 years completed a self-administered PA questionnaire and characterized their occupational duties depending on the volume of the physical work involved. A bio-impedance analyser was used to determine body composition. Men reported more metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes/week of vigorous PA than women (p < 0.05). Participants with low occupational PA had less walking, moderate and total MET minutes/week, and more sitting time than those with moderate and vigorous occupational PA (p < 0.05), but their body composition parameters did not differ. In males, negative correlations were found between body fat percentage, visceral fat range, segmental fat mass, and moderate MET minutes/week, whereas positive associations were observed between muscle mass in legs and vigorous MET minutes/week (p<0.05). In females, negative correlations were found between visceral fat and vigorous MET minutes/week but positive – between lean body mass, trunk and leg muscle mass, and moderate PA (p < 0.05). These observed associations might be used to develop interventions to promote sex- and occupation-specific PA.
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Woźniakowski, Tomasz. "E-SERVICE PLATFORM FOR FARMERS, PRODUCERS OF BIO FOOD." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1214.
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The aim of this paper is to present elements of the conceptual model of e-services for agriculture, consisting in a comprehensive organization of sales process in farmer-customer relation. The platform prototype for farmers was verified on the sample of farms offering organic products. E-services have been limited to doing business in a producer – consumer. This was related to the specificity of the bio-products sector. Based on preliminary research, a prototype of the platform has been created, which has been subjected to secondary testing. It can be stated that the portal met with a positive evaluation of the target audience of users. The further work on the prototype by implementing the results of a research is recommended.
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Juliastuti, Sri Rachmania, Delftya Enhaperdhani, and Rizka Uswatun Hasanah. "Organic Fertilizer from Bioethanol Solid Waste, Agricultural Waste, and Banana Peels Waste by Bio-act EM4 and Aspergillus niger." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i5.993.
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<p>Excessive use of chemical fertilizers may degrade the physical condition of the soil so that solid organic fertilizer was developed. Organic fertilizer was made from organic materials derived from plants or animals that had been made by the engineering process. Organic fertilizers were used to supply organic matter to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. This experiment aimed to study the effect of a mixture of bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste and banana peels waste with bio-activator EM4 and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (<em>An</em>) to increase the content of potassium (K) in organic fertilizer and study the response of plant growth of chillies and eggplant against organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers were made from agricultural waste, such as bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste, and banana peels waste that still have organic content which was good for plant growth. Organic fertilizers were made by mixing bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste, and banana peels waste with a ratio (w/w) of 1:2:3. After that, a mixture of EM4 and <em>An</em> with a ratio (v/v) of 1:1, 2:3, 3:2, 1:3, 3:1 and without any bio-activator were added. Organic fertilizer produced in a rotary drum composter with air aeration 14 L · min<sup>–</sup><sup>1</sup> conducted for 15 d. The content of N, P and K on each variable of organic fertilizer will be analyzed. Then it was tested on chillies and eggplant. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of planting fruit on the plants of eggplant and chillies were measured. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that organic fertilizer with the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3 (v/v) increased the content of K up to 0.43 %. In accordance with SNI standards: 19-7030-2004, all test variables met the standards of the levels of N, and P; all organic fertilizers met the standard C/N ratio unless at the variables EM4:<em>An</em> 1:3 (v/v) and without bio-activator. For chillies, variable with the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3 (v/v) has the greatest weight, namely 0.95 g. Another variable, EM4:<em>An</em> 3:2 (v/v) can produced the amount of fruit up to 300 %. Where at the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3 (v/v) can produced eggplant fruit that weighs 24.01 g per harvest.</p>
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Bowolaksono, Anom, Fatma Lestari, Saraswati Andani Satyawardhani, Abdul Kadir, Cynthia Febrina Maharani, and Debby Paramitasari. "Analysis of Bio-Risk Management System Implementation in Indonesian Higher Education Laboratory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105076.
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Developing countries face various challenges in implementing bio-risk management systems in the laboratory. In addition, educational settings are considered as workplaces with biohazard risks. Every activity in a laboratory facility carries many potential hazards that can impact human health and the environment and may cause laboratory incidents, including Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs). In an effort to minimize the impact and occurrence of these incidents, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of a bio-risk management system in every activity that involves handling biological agents. This study was conducted in an Indonesian higher-education institution, herein coded as University Y. This is a descriptive, semi-quantitative study aimed at analysing and evaluating the implementation of the bio-risk management systems used in laboratories by analysing the achievements obtained by each laboratory. The study used primary data that were collected using a checklist which referred to ISO 35001:2019 on Laboratory Bio-risk Management. The checklist consisted of 202 items forming seven main elements. In addition, secondary data obtained from literature and document review were also used. The results show that out of 11 laboratories examined, only 2 laboratories met 50% of the requirements, which were Laboratory A and B, achieving good performance. Regarding the clauses of standards, a gap analysis identified leadership, performance evaluation, and support as elements with the lowest achievement. Therefore, corrective action should be developed by enhancing the commitment from management as well as improving documentation, policy, education and training.
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BOȚ, Amalia Ioana, Ioan PĂCURAR, Lech SZAJDAK, and Sanda ROȘCA. "The Suitability and the Bio-chemical Characteristics of Soils from the Northwest Region of Development from Romania, for Blueberry Crop." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 74, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:0007.
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We conducted several bio-chemical analyses on soil samples collected from eight blueberry plantations from Northwest Region of Development, using such as Kjeldahl method for total N, Perucci, Krawczyński, Hoffman and Teicher methodology for determine soil enzyme. The bio-chemical analyses conducted provide a better qualitative characterization of soils, providing significant information regarding their fertility degree and favourability for blueberries. For instance, the higher amount of total organic carbon found in four of the eight studied plantation, can be correlated with the same higher amount of enzyme present in soil which have an influence on them, xanthine oxidase and peroxidase activity. Taking into account the requirements needed for a blueberry plantation, we demonstrate that organic soils have also had the highest amount of bio-chemical compounds, such as cambisoil, met in Galații Bistriței, where were also found the highest amounts of different forms of nitrogen (1.755 g/kg total N; 0.0189 g/kg NH4 + and 0.0231g/kg NO3 in Galații Bistriței, comparing to 1.344 g/kg of total nitrogen; 0.0126 g/kg NH4+ and 0.0119 g/kg NO3- in Ulmeni), different forms of carbon and the enzymes that influence this compounds in soil, xanthine oxidase activity, peroxidase activity and nitrate reductase activity.
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Dang, Huyen T. T., Cuong V. Dinh, Khai M. Nguyen, Nga T. H. Tran, Thuy T. Pham, and Roberto M. Narbaitz. "Loofah Sponges as Bio-Carriers in a Pilot-Scale Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114758.
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Fixed-film biofilm reactors are considered one of the most effective wastewater treatment processes, however, the cost of their plastic bio-carriers makes them less attractive for application in developing countries. This study evaluated loofah sponges, an eco-friendly renewable agricultural product, as bio-carriers in a pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Tests showed that pristine loofah sponges disintegrated within two weeks resulting in a decrease in the treatment efficiencies. Accordingly, loofah sponges were modified by coating them with CaCO3 and polymer. IFAS pilot tests using the modified loofah sponges achieved 83% organic removal and 71% total nitrogen removal and met Vietnam’s wastewater effluent discharge standards. The system achieved considerably high levels of nitrification and it was not limited by the loading rate or dissolved oxygen levels. Cell concentrations in the carriers were twenty to forty times higher than those within the aeration tank. Through 16S-rRNA sequencing, the major micro-organism types identified were Kluyvera cryocrescens, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus tropicus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas turukhanskensis. This study demonstrated that although modified loofah sponges are effective renewable bio-carriers for municipal wastewater treatment, longer-term testing is recommended.
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Teixeira, Divino Eterno, Danielle do Carmo Pereira, Ana Paula Diniz Nakamura, and Sarah Silva Brum. "Adhesivity of Bio-Based Anhydrous Citric Acid, Tannin-Citric Acid and Ricinoleic Acid in the Properties of Formaldehyde-Free Medium Density Particleboard (MDP)." Drvna industrija 71, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1917.
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Particles of flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis) were bonded using three bio-based adhesives - anhydrous citric acid (CA), tannin-citric acid (TCA) and ricinoleic acid (RA) - from renewable sources and hot pressed to produce medium density particleboard (MDP). The bonding capacity of such adhesives and properties of the MDP were evaluated and compared to the requirements of seven grades of particleboards, according to the EN 312 (2010) standard. The RA did not create adhesion reaction with the wood particles. Adhesives formulated with CA and TCA presented capacity to bond eucalyptus particles into MDP confirmed by esterification reactions of the FTIRS analysis. MDP bonded with CA met requirements as high as grade P5 of the EN 312 (2010) standard for static modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB) and P2 for modulus of rupture (MOR). Panels bonded with TCA met requirements up to grade P3 for MOE, however, did not withstand water absorption.
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Zhang, Wenjie, Dunqiu Wang, and Yue Jin. "Use of a ceramic membrane bioreactor (CMBR) to treat wastewater at Guilin University of Technology." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.048.
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A ceramic membrane bio-reactor (CMBR) process was first used to treat wastewater collected from a campus of Guilin University of Technology (GUT). A CMBR with a submerged flat-sheet ceramic membrane module was designed for a Qmax of 300 m3/d. With a stable flux at about 33 L/m2 h, the transmembrane pressure was maintained at −10 kPa until the end of the experiment. The results showed that the CMBR process is a robust system capable of producing high-quality service water from campus wastewater. By using the CMBR process, the treated water met the Chinese national standards for landscaping irrigation.
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Lindfors, Sarah, Heléne Österlund, Lian Lundy, and Maria Viklander. "Evaluation of measured dissolved and bio-met predicted bioavailable Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations in runoff from three urban catchments." Journal of Environmental Management 287 (June 2021): 112263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112263.
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Ali, O., L. Wang, W. Xu, D. Falleroni, J. Falloon, and G. Illei. "OP0120 DURATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH VIB4920 IN SUBJECTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2544.
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Background:VIB4920 binds CD40 ligand and functionally neutralizes its engagement with CD401. We reported results through Day 85 of a Phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT02780388) in subjects with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) or other disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors1. We showed that at the end of the 12-week treatment period (Day 85), subjects treated with 1000 or 1500 mg VIB4920 (once every 2 weeks) had a clinically meaningful and statistically significant greater reduction in disease activity compared to placebo.Objectives:To assess the duration of clinical efficacy following the last dose of VIB4920 in subjects with moderate to severe RA.Methods:Subjects in the Phase 1b study (Ph1b) continued to have monthly safety and efficacy assessments between Days 85 and 169, the end of a 12-week follow-up. To estimate the subsequent duration of meaningful clinical improvement, we conducted an observational one-visit study (OS) (EudraCT 2019-002351-42) with the primary endpoint of time from last dose of VIB4920 to start of a new DMARD or biologic therapy or increase in dose of DMARD that was ongoing at Day 169 (ie, rescue therapy).Results:At Day 169 of the Ph1b (3 months after the last dose), clinical responses achieved at Day 85 were maintained in the 1000 and 1500 mg cohorts (Figure). Of 24 subjects, 16 (6/12 treated with 1000 mg and 10/12 with 1500 mg) participated in the OS. The median (range) time from Day 169 (last visit) in the Ph1b to the OS was 21.8 (21.2 to 23.1) months in the 1000 mg group and 33.7 (32.3 to 34.8) months in the 1500 mg group. All subjects had taken DMARDs (primarily methotrexate [MTX]) for at least part of this time (Table). Rescue therapy was started in 1/6 (16.7%) subject in the 1000 mg group and 3/10 (30.0%) subjects in the 1500 mg group (Table); median time to rescue could not be estimated due to the limited number of rescues. Two subjects were on no DMARDs at the OS. All subjects, except for 1 in the 1000 mg group, who was rescued with adalimumab, and 2 in the 1500 mg group (no rescue), had active disease (DAS28-CRP ≥ 2.6) at the OS. The median DAS28-CRP at the OS was higher than at Day 169 of the Ph1b but lower than at the Ph1b baseline visit (Table). Two subjects who received 1500 mg and met DAS28-CRP criteria for low disease activity (< 3.2) at Day 169 also met these criteria at the OS without receiving any rescue therapy after a median of nearly 37 months after last treatment. Results from the Patient and Physician Global Assessment VAS showed trends similar to the DAS28-CRP.Conclusion:Blocking CD40L with VIB4920 led to prolonged clinical benefit in patients with RA when added to stable background DMARD therapy. The exact duration of benefit could not be defined in this study, but most patients did not require rescue therapy during a prolonged follow-up period, and some patients maintained low disease activity or discontinued DMARDs, suggesting a possible long-term benefit of VIB4920. Interpretation of these data is limited because the OS did not include placebo-treated subjects from the Ph1b. The duration of clinical response needs to be confirmed in prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.References:[1]Karnell JL et al. Sci Transl Med. 2019 Apr 24;11(489).Summary of ResultsVIB4920 1000 mg N = 6VIB4920 1500 mg N = 10Subjects who received ≥ 1 DMARD at any time between Day 169 of Ph1b and OS6 (100%)10 (100%)Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)1 (16.7%)0MTX5 (83.3%)9 (90.0%)Leflunomide1 (16.7%)2 (20.0%)Adalimumab1 (16.7%)0Etanercept01 (10.0%)Rescue therapyHCQ, Adalimumab1 (16.7%)0MTX02 (20%)MTX, Leflunomide, Etanercept01 (10%)DAS28-CRP [median (min, max)]Ph1b Baseline5.4 (4.7 – 6.3)4.7 (4.3 - 5.7)Ph1b Day 1692.9 (1.1 – 4.2)2.3 (1.1 - 3.4)OS3.7 (1.1 – 5.5)3.9 (2.3 – 5.6)Acknowledgements:The authors thank the study participants and investigators.Disclosure of Interests:Omar Ali Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio., Liangwei Wang Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio., Wenjing Xu Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio., Dan Falleroni Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio., Judith Falloon Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio., Gabor Illei Shareholder of: I own shares of Viela Bio., Employee of: I am an employee of Viela Bio.
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Sapart, E., T. Sokolova, S. De Montjoye, S. Dierckx, A. Nzeusseu Toukap, A. Avramovska, L. Meric de Bellefon, and P. Durez. "OP0119 SHOULD WE USE BIODMARDS IN FIRST INTENTION IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?: RESULTS AT 5 YEARS FROM THE ERA LOUVAIN BRUSSELS COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 66.2–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2314.
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Background:Early effective treatment has led to major improvements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). Low disease activity and remission are achieved earlier and in higher frequency when the initial treatment in rheumatoid arthritis includes a combination of methotrexate (MTX) with a bDMARD compared to MTX alone.Objectives:The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyse and compare the benefit of a treatment with methotrexate (MTX) alone or combined with a bDMARD as an induction therapy during 5 years of follow-up in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) patients.Methods:We included ERA patients from the UCLouvain Brussels cohort who met the ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria and were naïve to DMARDs. Treatments were initiated based on the decision of a senior rheumatologist. bDMARDs induction therapy was usually limited to 6 or 12 months. We collected patient characteristics at baseline and clinical response was analysed at 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years.Results:Data from 470 eligible ERA patients were collected. The average age of the population is 48.9 years; 70.5% of the patients are women; 27.3% are smokers and 68.8% are positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). 281 patients (59.8 %) initiated MTX as a monotherapy (MTX group) compared to 189 patients (40.2%) who received a bDMARD (Bio group).At baseline, the disease activity is the main factor that favors the initiation of bDMARDs (DAS28-CRP 5.2 vs 4.5, p<0.001) followed by HAQ (1.32 vs 1.15, p=0.009), ACPA positivity (77.8% vs 62.5%, p=0.0006), rheumatoid factor positivity (71.5% vs 60.2%, p=0.0134). Other parameters such as age, gender, smoking habits or baseline erosion were similar between groups.391 patients were followed up to 5 years. We then divided each of the two groups into two subgroups according to the last treatment they received at 5 years. Figure 1 shows the percentage of DAS28-CRP remission during time in each of the four groups (MTX->MTX (n=134), MTX->BIO (n=103); BIO->MTX (n=95), BIO->BIO (n=59);Figure 1.DAS28-CRP remission rate during time in each of the four groups (MTX->MTX (n=134), MTX->BIO (n=103); BIO->MTX (n=95), BIO->BIO (n=59).At 12 months, DAS28-CRP response rate was statistically significantly higher in MTX>MTX and BIO>MTX groups compared to the two other groups. As expected, the remission rate was rescued in the group MTX->Bio after 12 months.Interestingly, ERA patients initially treated by a bDMARD followed by a MTX maintenance therapy experienced a stable and sustained rate of remission.Conclusion:Longterm remission is an achievable goal in ERA followed in daily clinic. Our results suggest that a bDMARD induction therapy followed by MTX maintenance therapy could be a good option in severe case of ERA.References:[1]Smolen JS and al. D. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan 22.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Muda, M. K. H., Faizal Mustapha, K. D. Mohd Aris, and Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan. "Fabrication Technique for Bio-Composite Patch Repair on Laminated Structures of CFRP Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.366.
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Laminated structures are assembled so that the fibre orientation provides most of desired mechanical properties and the matrix largely determines the environmental performance. Composites laminate structures are used in a wide range of applications in aerospace, marine, automotive, surface transport and sports equipment markets. Damage to composite components is not always visible to the naked eye and the extent of damage is best determined for structural components by suitable Non Destructive Test (NDT) methods. Alternatively the damaged areas can be located by simply tapping the composite surface and listening to the sound. The damaged areas give a dull response to the tapping, and the boundary between the good and damaged composite can easily be mapped to identify the area for repair. Awareness of and inspection for composite damage should be included in the regular maintenance schedules for composite structures. Particular attention would be made to areas which are more prone to damage. The repair can be done by using composite itself or bio-composite. Bio-composite is a reinforcement of natural fibre such as plant and a material that formed by matrix or resin. Then repairs to aircraft structures are controlled and should be carried out according to the Aircraft Structural Repair Manual (SRM). For other applications the repaired components would normally be expected to meet the original specifications and mechanical performance requirements. This paper presents the fabrication technique including patch repair by using bio-composite which is kenaf and its aim to give a general approach to composite fabrication on patch repair in all applications. Through the described approach, the life of the structure is expanded and met the properties requirements such as low cost, fairly good mechanical properties, high specific strength, non-abrasive, eco-friendly and bio-degradability characteristics.
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Loc, Luu Cam. "PERFORMANCE OF TiO2 IN PHOTODEGRADATION SEAFOOD WASTEWATER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12027.
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In this work, photocatalysts TiO2-HT prepared by hydrothermal method and TiO2-P25 Degussa were characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, BET surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and tested in degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in bio-treated seafood wastewater (COD > 80 mg/L). After 9 hours of photodegradation under UV-A irradiation, COD removal efficiency reached 85.6 % and 48.9 % on TiO2-P25 and TiO2 catalysts, respectively. COD values of seafood wastewater treated by photocatalysis met the standard discharge requirement - QCVN 11:2008 – level A (COD £ 50 mg/L).
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de Bruijn, Wim C., and Lianne W. J. Sorber. "The Application of Bio-Standards for Electron Energy-Loss Analysis of Biological Materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013393x.
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The application of standards, with a known externally determined element concentration, for the determination of unknown concentrations in cell organelles and tissue is a well known practice in X-ray microanalysis.The conditions to be met for a good standard have been formulated earlier. Pure element standards and standards made from PVP-films have been proposed for Electron Energy loss analysis. In this presentation we investigate the use for EELS-analysis of the ion-exchange bead Chelex100-type of standards, which can be co-embedded with tissue and have been applied successfully for X-ray microanalysis.The ion-exchange characteristics, the methods of loading and the matrix composition have been described before. Such bio-standards, which can be loaded with a variety of cations, are stored as a dry powder and can be co-embedded with the tissue to be analyzed. In that way the standard is present in each ultrathin section, at (an assumed) equal thickness as the cells or tissue, containing the unknown concentration of that element.
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Baek, W., Y. Jeon, and Y. Park. "Intrathecal grafts of chromaffin cells bio-engineered with cationic polymer nanoparticles to improve met-enkephalin release also reduce neuropathic pain in rats." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27 (June 2010): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-201006121-00703.
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Annamalai, V. E., S. Kavitha, and Sarah Ann Ramji. "Enhancing the Properties of Ti6Al4V as a Biomedical Material: A Review." Open Materials Science Journal 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01408010001.
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The alloy Ti6Al4V has evolved as a good biomedical material, by virtue of its bio-compatibility. In order to make implants out of this material, it has to be shaped and processed. Shaping this material by conventional manufacturing methods like machining, welding and brazing presents a huge challenge. This challenge has been met by various approaches like additive manufacturing, surface alloying and heat treatment. Additive manufacturing processes are used for shaping; coatings and surface alloying are used for property improvement; heat treatment is used for improving the machinability. The processing method has an impact on the final properties of the product. This review attempts to trace the development of methods and practices for converting Ti6Al4V into a useful material for biomedical applications.
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Schuler, Johannes, Roos Adelhart Toorop, Magali Willaume, Anthony Vermue, Nicole Schläfke, Sandra Uthes, Peter Zander, and Walter Rossing. "Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for Farm Performance Using Bio-Economic Models in Southwestern France." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 7528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187528.
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Regional impact studies are needed to explore possible adaptation options to climate change. We estimated impacts and adaptation options for future scenarios that feature different assumptions regarding climate, cropping pattern and access to irrigation with two bio-economic farm models. Farm profit, soil organic matter balance and labor input are used as indicators of farm performance. The difference between the baseline and the alternative configurations computed by models is referred as adaptation potential, indicative of the adaptation options including the corresponding changes in cropping patterns. Our results show that as long as there is sufficient access to irrigation water, there is little incentive to change current practices, as farming is at the economic optimum, has a positive soil organic matter balance and labor requirements can be met. Conversely, if irrigation is no longer possible, drastic impacts occur, causing a need to sustainably adjust on-going farm practices. Adaptation through changed crop selection reduced losses to some extent. We conclude that the use of bio-economic models can assist in evaluating the qualitative findings of participatory studies by quantitatively assessing possible climate change impacts and adaptation measures. Strong impacts of climate change, however, cannot be offset by changes in cropping patterns and need further adaptation measures.
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Chen, Mingsong, Yi Zhang, Yue Li, Sheldon Q. Shi, Jianzhang Li, Qiang Gao, and Hongwu Guo. "Soybean Meal-Based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Phenol Hydroxymethylated Tannin Oligomer for Exterior Use." Polymers 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040758.
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Bio-based adhesives have low water resistance and they are less durable than synthetic adhesives, which limits their exterior applications. In this study, a bio adhesive was developed from soybean meal and larch tannin that was designed for exterior use. Phenol hydroxymethylated tannin oligomer (PHTO) was synthesized and then mixed with soybean meal flour in order to obtain a soybean meal-based adhesive (SPA). The results showed that the moisture absorption rate, residual rate, and solid content of SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (mass ratio with respect to the entire adhesive) were improved by 22.8%, 11.6%, and 6.8%, respectively, as compared with that of pure SPA. The wet shear strength of plywood with SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (boiling in 100 °C water for 3 h) was 1.04 MPa when compared with 0 MPa of pure SPA. This met the bond strength requirement of exterior-use plywood (GB/T 9846.3-2004). This improved adhesive performance was mainly due to the formation of a crosslinked structure between the PHTO and the protein and also PHTO self-crosslinking. The formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood was the same as that of solid wood. The PHTO-modified SPA can potentially extend the applications of SPAs from interior to exterior plywood.
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Duplan, H., R. Y. Li, C. Vue, H. Zhou, L. Emorine, J. P. Herman, M. Tafani, Y. Lazorthes, and M. J. Eaton. "Grafts of immortalized chromaffin cells bio-engineered to improve met-enkephalin release also reduce formalin-evoked c-fos expression in rat spinal cord." Neuroscience Letters 370, no. 1 (November 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.017.
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Kent, Julie, and Darian Meacham. "‘Synthetic Blood’: Entangling Politics and Biology." Body & Society 25, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 28–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x18822076.
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It is increasingly suggested that shortages in the supply chain for human blood could be met by the development of techniques to manufacture human blood ex vivo. These techniques fall broadly under the umbrella of synthetic biology. We examine the biopolitical context surrounding the ex vivo culture of red blood cells through the linked concepts of alienation, immunity, bio-value and biosecuritization. We engage with diverse meanings of synthetic blood, and questions about how the discourses of biosecurity and privatization of risk are linked to claims that the technology will address unmet needs and promote social justice. Through our discussion we contrast communitarian ideas that culturing red blood cells ‘extends the gift’ of adult blood donation with understandings of the immunitary logics that underpin the cord-blood economy.
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Albanese, Ottavia, Eleonora Farina, and Caterina Fiorilli. "Cognizione, linguaggio, emozioni: ricerche evolutive e interventi educativi. Il contributo di Marcello Cesa-Bianchi e della sua scuola." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 1 (May 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip1-2021oa11620.
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Tra i lavori di Cesa-Bianchi nell'ambito della psicologia dello sviluppo e dell'educazione, sono di particolare interesse i suoi contributi sul tema dello sviluppo atipico, sul rapporto che intrattiene il divenire del pensiero con il linguaggio nella crescita del bambino e, infine, sulle sue ultime riflessioni e indicazioni in tema di formazione del docente e dell'educatore. Particolarmente sensibile all'approccio piagetiano e maturazionista, Cesa-Bianchi non ha mancato di accogliere nella sua riflessione teorica, quanto nella ricerca scientifica, le sollecitazioni che provenivano dalla cultura post-piagetiana sin dalla prima metà del XX secolo, spingendo la sua attenzione alle dimensioni bio-psico-sociali dello sviluppo umano. Il presente lavoro ripercorre alcuni temi cardine del contributo di Cesa-Bianchi e dei suoi stretti collaboratori evidenziandone le correlazioni con lo scenario scientifico nazionale e internazionale.
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Ahogni, Idelphonse Bonaventure, Albert Sourou Salako, Jean Fortuné Dagnon, Wilfrid Sèwade, Prudenciène Agboho, Germain Padonou, and Martin C. Akogbeto. "Assessment of the Durability and Bio-effectiveness of Three Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Three Different Communities After the 2017 Mass Net Distribution Campaign in Benin." Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, no. 2 (October 18, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17645.
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Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are an essential tool in the fight against malaria. Physical integrity, durability and bio-effectiveness are key variables in the effectiveness of LLINs. The objective of this study was to identify the main factors affecting the survival of three brands of LLINs with different physical characteristics and to assess their bio-effectiveness. A cohort consisting of 1500 LLINs (500 of each) of the brands: DawaPlus®2.0 (polyester, 150 denier, 40 g/m2 fabric weight), PermaNet®2.0 and Yorkool® (polyester, 75 denier, alternating knit pattern with 85 g/m2 fabric weight) was monitored every 6 months in the communes of Ketou, Dogbo and Djougou (from October 2017 to September 2019) based on attrition and integrity measures and median survival in years. We also determined bio-efficacy using the WHO cone test. The physical presence rate was 26.4%, 21.4% and 48.6% respectively for DawaPlus®2.0, PermaNet®2.0 and Yorkool®. The main cause of loss of the three LLINs was displacement, 43.6% (in rural areas) versus 43.2% (in urban areas) with no significant difference (p ˃ 0.05). The median proportional hole index (pHI) ranged from 578 (IQR: 219-843) at 6 months to 196 (IQR: 46-524.5). After 24 months of use, 86.1% were in good condition (0≤pHI<65), 9% were damaged (65≤pHI<643) and 4.2% were too torn (643≤pHI). A significant decrease in physical survival of LLINs (all brands) was observed at 24 months (37.9%, range 34.7-41.3%) compared to 6 months (90.3%, range 88.7-91.8%) (p<0.001). The 24-hour mortality of the three LLINs met WHO requirements for efficacy. The decline in LLIN survival rates during this study highlights the need to develop and implement new strategies to manage this important vector control tool.
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Gradinger, Felix, Julian Elston, Sheena Asthana, Chloe Myers, Sue Wroe, and Richard Byng. "Integrating the voluntary sector in personalised care: mixed methods study of the outcomes from wellbeing co-ordination for adults with complex needs." Journal of Integrated Care 28, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-02-2020-0010.
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PurposeThis integrated care study seeks to highlight how voluntary sector “wellbeing co-ordinators” co-located in a horizontally and vertically integrated, multidisciplinary community hub within one locality of an Integrated Care Organisation contribute to complex, person-centred, co-ordinated care.Design/methodology/approachThis is a naturalistic, mixed method and mixed data study. It is complementing a before-and-after study with a sub-group analysis of people receiving input from the wider hub (including Wellbeing Co-ordination and Enhanced Intermediate Care), qualitative case studies, interviews, and observations co-produced with embedded researchers-in-residence.FindingsThe cross-case analysis uses trajectories and outcome patterns across six client groups to illustrate the bio-psycho-social complexity of each group across the life course, corresponding with the range of inputs offered by the hub.Research limitations/implicationsTo consider the effectiveness and mechanisms of complex system-wide interventions operating at horizontal and vertical interfaces and researching this applying co-produced, embedded, naturalistic and mixed methods approaches.Practical implicationsHow a bio-psycho-social approach by a wellbeing co-ordinator can contribute to improved person reported outcomes from a range of preventive, rehabilitation, palliative care and bereavement services in the community.Social implicationsTo combine knowledge about individuals held in the community to align the respective inputs, and expectations about outcomes while considering networked pathways based on functional status, above diagnostic pathways, and along a life-continuum.Originality/valueThe hub as a whole seems to (1) Enhance engagement through relationship, trust and activation, (2) Exchanging knowledge to co-create a shared bio-psycho-social understanding of each individual’s situation and goals, (3) Personalising care planning by utilising the range of available resources to ensure needs are met, and (4) Enhancing co-ordination and ongoing care through multi-disciplinary working between practitioners, across teams and sectors.
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Ahmed, Rukshana, and Riaan Mulder. "A Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide as a Non-Contact Decontamination System for Pathogens Associated with the Dental Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094748.
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Aerosol generation and a wide range of pathogens originating from the oral cavity of the patient contaminate various surfaces of the dental clinic. The aim was to determine the efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide fogging on pathogens related to the dental environment and its possible application in dentistry. PICOS statement (Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control, Outcome and Study design statement) was used in the review. Six electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2010 to 2020. Articles written in English reporting vaporized hydrogen peroxide on pathogens deemed to be relevant to the dental environment were assessed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk-of-bias assessment tool designed for the investigation of vaporized hydrogen peroxide application in dentistry. A total of 17 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most commonly reported single bacterial pathogen was Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in five studies, and the viruses Feline calicivirus, Human norovirus, and Murine norovirus were featured in three studies. The results of the studies reporting the log kill were sufficient for all authors to conclude that vaporized hydrogen peroxide generation was effective for the assessed pathogens. The studies that assessed aerosolized hydrogen peroxide found a greater log kill with the use of vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators. The overarching conclusion was that hydrogen peroxide delivered as vaporized hydrogen peroxide was an effective method to achieve large levels of log kill on the assessed pathogens. The hydrogen peroxide vapor generators can play a role in dental bio-decontamination. The parameters must be standardized and the efficacy assessed to perform bio-decontamination for the whole clinic. For vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators to be included in the dental bio-decontamination regimen, certain criteria should be met. These include the standardization and efficacy assessment of the vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators in dental clinics.
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Dokania, A., Y. Rizvi, and Surabhi Sinha. "An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis." International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10074.
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ABSTRACT Orbital implants replace the volume lost by enucleated eye, impart motility to the prosthesis, and maintain cosmetic symmetry with the fellow eye. They include nonintegrated, synthetic semi-integrated, integrated, bio-integrated, and biogenic varieties. The much favored hydroxyapatite (bio-integrated) implant, due to its rough surface, needs to be wrapped in donor sclera or other wrapping materials (like polyglactin-910 mesh, polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, etc.) to which the muscles could be directly sutured. Cost factor of such wrappings is often prohibitive that add to the expense of such implants. Purpose To highlight monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh commonly used for herniorrhaphy as an alternative implant wrapping for achieving augmented implant volume and enabling easier extraocular muscle attachment in postenucleation reconstruction of artificial eye. Materials and methods Following enucleation of a nonfunctional eye in a patient who met with a road traffic accident, a 14 mm hydroxyapatite ball was used to replace the globe. The ball was wrapped with a monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh used in herniorrhaphy and sutured. The patient achieved a satisfactory cosmesis and movements of the implant for different gazes. No ocular discomfort or implant extrusion was reported following 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion Monofilament polypropylene mesh can be used safely as an orbital implant wrapping, economizing the implant cost. How to cite this article Sinha S, Rizvi Y, Dokania A. An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):47-50.
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Yadav, Maheshwar Prasad. "The Role of Biogas for Economic Sustainability in Nepal: User’s Perspective." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 1, no. 2 (February 11, 2017): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v1i2.16587.
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Background: Economic sustainability is an important ingredient of sustainable development. Sustainable development is the positive changes in a pattern of resources use in such a way that present needs can be met without destroying the ability for the future generations to meet their needs. Furthermore, renewable energy as an essential ingredient of environment comes from resources which are continually replenished. Renewable energy technologies such as biogas, solar and micro-hydro are widely promoted in Nepal and biogas only considered for this study.Objective: To examine role of biogas for economic sustainability in Nepal based on a case study of Niglihawa VDC of Kapilvastu district.Methodology: This study consists of descriptive cum analytical research design and based on both primary and secondary data. The users’ perspectives of sixteen out of twenty two biogas users have been collected by using structured questionnaire. Moreover, the simple statistical techniques of analysis such as table, percentage, and graphs have been employed in this study.Results: Biogas is an important factor in relation to enterprises and employment through saving time and creating agro-based micro enterprises. Biogas also contributes for economic activities through utilizing bio-slurry as feed and fertilizer.Conclusion: Biogas plays the vital role for the economic sustainability through creating enterprises and employment as well as utilizing bio-slurry as fish meal and fertilizer in the context of Nepal in one way or another. The results may be varied in other area and/or sector of Nepal and beyond.
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Lajarrige, Anaïs, Nathalie Gontard, Sébastien Gaucel, and Stéphane Peyron. "Evaluation of the Food Contact Suitability of Aged Bio-Nanocomposite Materials Dedicated to Food Packaging Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030877.
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Nanocomposite materials based on bio-polyesters (PBSA and PHBV) have been evaluated for their suitability for food contact according to the recommendations defined for non-biodegradable plastic materials, and subsequently, according to accelerated aging treatment. On the basis of the limited number of material/migrant/food simulant combinations studied here, the test for migration, using food simulants, appeared directly applicable to testing such materials which are not considered humidity-sensitive materials. Considering the only compliance criterion that must be met by the materials in contact, the materials submitted to the aging processing are not of safety concern and the incorporation of nanoclays in aged biodegradable materials does not interfere with their inertial properties in a dramatic way. At the molecular scale, the UV irradiation proved to induce an increase in the degree of crystallinity, resulting in a modification of transport properties of both packaging materials. The values of overall migration and specific migration were reduced without decreasing the diffusion coefficients of the target additives. The UV treatment and the addition of nanoparticles, therefore, seem to jointly promote the retention of organic compounds in the materials by increasing their affinity for packaging material.
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Yah, Clarence S., and Geoffrey S. Simate. "Engineered nanoparticle bio-conjugates toxicity screening: The xCELLigence cells viability impact." BioImpacts 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/bi.2020.24.
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Introduction: The vast diverse products and applications of engineered nanoparticle bio-conjugates (ENPBCs) are increasing, and thus flooding the-markets. However, the data to support risk estimates of ENPBC are limited. While it is important to assess the potential benefits, acceptability and uptake, it is equally important to understand where ENPBCs safety is and how to expand and affirm consumer security concerns. Methods: Online articles were extracted from 2013 to 2016 that pragmatically used xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) technology to describe the in-vitro toxicity of ENPBCs. The xCELLigence is a +noninvasive in vitro toxicity monitoring process that mimics exact continuous cellular bio-responses in real-time settings. On the other hand, articles were also extracted from 2008 to 2016 describing the in vivo animal models toxicity of ENPBCs with regards to safety outcomes. Results: Out of 32 of the 121 (26.4%) articles identified from the literature, 23 (71.9%) met the in-vitro xCELLigence and 9(28.1%) complied with the in vivo animal model toxicity inclusion criteria. Of the 23 articles, 4 of them (17.4%) had no size estimation of ENPBCs. The xCELLigence technology provided information on cell interactions, viability, and proliferation process. Eighty-three (19/23) of the in vitro xCELLigence technology studies described ENPBCs as nontoxic or partially nontoxic materials. The in vivo animal model provided further toxicity information where 1(1/9) of the in vivo animal model studies indicated potential animal toxicity while the remaining results recommended ENPPCs as potential candidates for drug therapy though with limited information on toxicity. Conclusion: The results showed that the bioimpacts of ENPBCs either at the in vitro or at in vivo animal model levels are still limited due to insufficient information and data. To keep pace with ENPBCs biomedical products and applications, in vitro, in vivo assays, clinical trials and long-term impacts are needed to validate their usability and uptake. Besides, more real-time ENPBCs-cell impact analyses using xCELLigence are needed to provide significant data and information for further in vivo testing.
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Zhao, Zhong, Chris Hurren, Mingwen Zhang, Liming Zhou, Jihong Wu, and Lu Sun. "In Situ Synthesis of a Double-Layer Chitosan Coating on Cotton Fabric to Improve the Color Fastness of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 5365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235365.
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Natural dye’s poor affinity for cotton and poor fastness properties still hinder its applications in the textile industry. In this study, a doubled-layered chitosan coating was cured on cotton fabric to serve as bio-mordant and form a protective layer on it. Under the optimal treatment conditions, the maximum qe (adsorption amount) of the natural dye sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) calculated from the Langmuir isothermal model was raised from 4.5 g/kg to 19.8 g/kg. The dye uptake of the treated fabric was improved from 22.7% to 96.4% at 1% o.w.f. dye concentration. By a second chitosan layer cured on the dyed fabric via the cross-linking method, the wash fastness of the cotton fabric dyed with SCC can be improved from 3 to 5 (ISO 105 C-06). The natural source of the biopolymer material, chitosan, and its ability to biodegrade at end of life met with the initial objective of green manufacturing in applying natural dyes and natural materials to the textile industry.
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Godfrey, Linda. "Waste Plastic, the Challenge Facing Developing Countries—Ban It, Change It, Collect It?" Recycling 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4010003.
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With changing consumption patterns, growing populations and increased urbanisation, developing countries face significant challenges with regards to waste management. Waste plastic is a particularly problematic one, with single-use plastic leaking into the environment, including the marine environment, at an unprecedented rate. Around the world, countries are taking action to minimise these impacts, including banning single-use plastics; changing petroleum-based plastics to alternative bio-benign products such as paper, glass or biodegradable plastics; and improving waste collection systems to ensure that all waste is appropriately collected and reprocessed or safely disposed. However, these “solutions” are often met with resistance, from business, government or civil society, due to the intended and unintended consequences, leaving many questioning the most appropriate solution to reducing the leakage. This paper argues that there is no one single solution to addressing the leakage of plastic into the environment, but that the solution is likely to be a combination of the three approaches, based on local considerations.
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Seddon, Philip J., and Mike King. "Creating proxies of extinct species: the bioethics of de-extinction." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20190109.
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In April 2013 the National Geographic magazine carried the cover title ‘Reviving extinct species, we can, but should we?’ suggesting that the technical challenges had been met, but some ethical concerns remained unresolved. Seven years later it is clear that this is not the case. Here we consider the technical scope, the uncertainties, and some of the bioethical issues raised by the future prospect of de-extinction. Biodiversity and welfare will not always align, and when a clash is unavoidable, a trade-off will be necessary, seeking the greatest overall value. De-extinction challenges our current conservation mind-set that seeks to preserve the species and population diversity that currently exists. But if we want to sustain and enhance a biodiverse natural world we might have to be forward looking and embrace the notion of bio-novelty by focussing more on ecosystem stability and resilience, rather than backward looking and seeking to try and recreate lost worlds.
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Dorileo, Maura Cristiane Gonçales Orçati, Ricardo Dalla Villa, Orlando Aguirre Guedes, Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha, Alex Semenoff-Segundo, Matheus Coelho Bandeca, and Alvaro Henrique Borges. "Comparative Analysis of Selected Physicochemical Properties of Pozzolan Portland and MTA-Based Cements." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 12, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/831908.
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Physicochemical properties of pozzolan Portland cement were compared to ProRoot MTA and MTA BIO. To test the pH, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. After the pH analysis, the sample was retained in the plastic recipient, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to specification 57 of the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). The statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test at a 5% level of significance. Pozzolan Portland cement exhibited pH and electrical conductivity mean values similar to those of the MTA-based cements. The solubilities of all tested materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standards. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations for radiopacity. It might be concluded that the pH and electrical conductivity of pozzolan Portland cement are similar to and comparable to those of MTA-based cements.
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Wiratmo, Puji Astuti, Zakiyah, and Sari Narulita. "PENERAPAN MODEL POLA KESEHATAN FUNGSIONAL GORDON TERHADAP TERIDENTIFIKASINYA MASALAH KEPERAWATAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v8i3.498.
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Background: Patient with Diabetes ulcer/gangrene require a long period of treatment so that various nursing problems can arise including physical, psychological, social and spiritual problems related to the patient's response to the illness. Research conducted by Sofiana, et al (2012) of hospitalized patients with diabetic ulcers at Arifin Ahmad Hospital in Pekan Baru shows the results that more than 50% of patients experience psychosocial problems including low self-esteem, negative body image, negative self-concept, self-ideal irrelevant and high stress levels. Referring to the philosophy of nursing where nursing believes that humans and humanity are the central point of every health care effort and that human is a whole and unique creature of God Almighty that consist of bio-psycho-socio-spiritual and cultural aspects. Therefore, to be able to carry out their lives, human needs must be met in a balanced way that includes bio-psycho-socio-spiritual and cultural.
Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify comprehensive nursing problems in nursing assessment by the Gordon Functional Health Pattern Model in Diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients.
Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive research with survey for the design. 20 Diabetic patient with ulkus or gangrene recruited as the sample though total sampling technique.
Results:Based on research conducted on 20 diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients in the medical nursing ward of Budi Asih Regional Hospital found that nursing problems in each of Gordon's functional health patterns can be identified.
Conclusion: .Nursing assessment with Gordon's pattern is able to identify the patient's nursing problems comprehensively in the biopsychososiospiritual aspects
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Chhonker, Yashpal, Staci Haney, Veenu Bala, Sarah Holstein, and Daryl Murry. "Simultaneous Quantitation of Isoprenoid Pyrophosphates in Plasma and Cancer Cells Using LC-MS/MS." Molecules 23, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123275.
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Isoprenoids (IsoP) are an important class of molecules involved in many different cellular processes including cholesterol synthesis. We have developed a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of three key IsoPs in bio-matrices, geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). LC-MS/MS analysis was performed using a Nexera UPLC System connected to a LCMS-8060 (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD) with a dual ion source. The electrospray ionization source was operated in the negative MRM mode. The chromatographic separation and detection of analytes was achieved on a reversed phase ACCQ-TAG Ultra C18 (1.7 µm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm I.D.) column. The mobile phase consisted of (1) a 10 mM ammonium carbonate with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in water, and (2) a 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in acetonitrile/methanol (75/25). The flow rate was set to 0.25 mL/min in a gradient condition. The limit of quantification was 0.04 ng/mL for all analytes with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.998 or better and a total run time of 12 min. The inter- and intra-day accuracy (85–115%) precision (<15%), and recovery (40–90%) values met the acceptance criteria. The validated method was successfully applied to quantitate basal concentrations of GPP, FPP and GGPP in human plasma and in cultured cancer cell lines. Our LC-MS/MS method may be used for IsoP quantification in different bio-fluids and to further investigate the role of these compounds in various physiological processes.
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Deodatus, Kiriba, Thuita Moses, Semu Ernest, Ikerra Susan, Msanya Balthazar, and Masso Cargele. "Maize Response to Chemical and Microbial Products on Two Tanzanian Soils." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p71.
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Low soil fertility has been a major factor to low maize yields in smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa. Technologies have been proposed including inorganic, fertilizers and plant growth promoting microorganisms. A study was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions to evaluate the effects of liquid inorganic fertilizer and microbiological products on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of maize. Products evaluated were Teprosyn (nitrogen, zinc phosphorus), BioSoil Crop Booster (BSCB) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), and Bio Soil Nitro plus (BSN+) (Acetobacter sp.). Treatments were: products alone (low and high rate), product + half rate phosphorus (10 kg P ha-1), half rate P, full rate P (20 kg P ha-1) and Control. All products were analysed for quality. None of the products met the label claims in nutrient/organism concentration. An increase of biomass was observed in the greenhouse for half rate P + BSCB low rate and high rates for BSCB and BSN+ compared to Control. Half rate P + BSN+ low rate gave the highest grain yield which was similar full rate nitrogen and P. BSCB and BSN+ at low rates with P half rate resulted in an increase in biomass yield in the greenhouse. Efficacy of low rate BSN+ + half rate P was demonstrated when applied at the recommended rates and combined with half rates of N and P. A package of inorganic and Bio-fertilizers should be developed based on soil fertility status, and the quality of the inputs verified to ensure that they are conform to the label guarantee analysis.
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Jansen, M., I. Christiaans, S. N. van der Crabben, M. Michels, R. Huurman, Y. M. Hoedemaekers, D. Dooijes, et al. "BIO FOr CARE: biomarkers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy development and progression in carriers of Dutch founder truncating MYBPC3 variants—design and status." Netherlands Heart Journal 29, no. 6 (February 2, 2021): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12471-021-01539-w.
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Abstract Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent monogenic heart disease, commonly caused by truncating variants in the MYBPC3 gene. HCM is an important cause of sudden cardiac death; however, overall prognosis is good and penetrance in genotype-positive individuals is incomplete. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and risk stratification remains limited. Aim To create a nationwide cohort of carriers of truncating MYBPC3 variants for identification of predictive biomarkers for HCM development and progression. Methods In the multicentre, observational BIO FOr CARe (Identification of BIOmarkers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy development and progression in Dutch MYBPC3 FOunder variant CARriers) cohort, carriers of the c.2373dupG, c.2827C > T, c.2864_2865delCT and c.3776delA MYBPC3 variants are included and prospectively undergo longitudinal blood collection. Clinical data are collected from first presentation onwards. The primary outcome constitutes a composite endpoint of HCM progression (maximum wall thickness ≥ 20 mm, septal reduction therapy, heart failure occurrence, sustained ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death). Results So far, 250 subjects (median age 54.9 years (interquartile range 43.3, 66.6), 54.8% male) have been included. HCM was diagnosed in 169 subjects and dilated cardiomyopathy in 4. The primary outcome was met in 115 subjects. Blood samples were collected from 131 subjects. Conclusion BIO FOr CARe is a genetically homogeneous, phenotypically heterogeneous cohort incorporating a clinical data registry and longitudinal blood collection. This provides a unique opportunity to study biomarkers for HCM development and prognosis. The established infrastructure can be extended to study other genetic variants. Other centres are invited to join our consortium.