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1
Ribes, S., M. Genot, A. Venien, V. Santé-lhoutellier, and M. A. Peyron. "Comment une mastication déficiente impacte la bioaccessibilité des nutriments du pain sans gluten chez les personnes âgées." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 37, no. 2 (2023): e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2023.03.088.
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Fărcaș, Anca Corina, Sonia Ancuța Socaci, Maria Simona Chiș, et al. "In Vitro Digestibility of Minerals and B Group Vitamins from Different Brewers’ Spent Grains." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (2022): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173512.
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Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the main by-product of the brewing industry, is a rich source of minerals and water-soluble vitamins such as thiamine, pyridoxine, niacin, and cobalamin. Bioaccessibility through in vitro digestion is an important step toward the complete absorption of minerals and B group vitamins in the gastrointestinal system. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) together with inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the quantification of the macro- and micro-minerals. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for B group vitamin identification. Four different industrial BSG samples were used in the present study, with different percentages of malted cereals such as barley, wheat, and degermed corn. Calcium’s bioaccessibility was higher in the BSG4 sample composed of 50% malted barley and 50% malted wheat (16.03%), while iron presented the highest bioaccessibility value in the BSG2 sample (30.03%) composed of 65% Pale Ale malt and 35% Vienna malt. On the other hand, vitamin B1 had the highest bioaccessibility value (72.45%) in the BSG3 sample, whilst B6 registered the lowest bioaccessibility value (16.47%) in the BSG2 sample. Therefore, measuring the bioaccessibilty of bioactive BSG compounds before their further use is crucial in assessing their bioavailability.
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Oh, Jeong-Ho, Chan-Yang Lee, Yeong-Eun Lee, et al. "Profiling of In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Uptake of Flavonoids after Consumption of Commonly Available Green Tea Types." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061518.
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The aim of this study was to profile the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of epicatechins and flavonols in different forms of green tea and its formulation: loose leaf tea, powdered tea, 35% catechins containing GTE, and GTE formulated with green tea-derived polysaccharide and flavonols (CATEPLUS™). The bioaccessibillity and intestinal absorption of epicatechins and flavonols was investigated by using an in vitro digestion model system with Caco-2 cells. The bioaccessibility of total epicatechins in loose leaf tea, powdered tea, GTE, and CATEPLUS™ was 1.27%, 2.30%, 22.05%, and 18.72%, respectively, showing that GTE and CATEPLUS™ had significantly higher bioaccessibility than powdered tea and loose leaf tea. None of the flavonols were detected in powdered tea and loose leaf tea, but the bioaccessibility of the total flavonols in GTE and CATEPLUS™ was 85.74% and 66.98%, respectively. The highest intestinal absorption of epicatechins was found in CATEPLUS™ (171.39 ± 5.39 ng/mg protein) followed by GTE (57.38 ± 9.31), powdered tea (3.60 ± 0.67), and loose leaf tea (2.94 ± 1.03). The results from the study suggest that formulating green tea extracts rich in catechins with second components obtained from green tea processing could enhance the bioavailability of epicatechins.
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Missaoui, Meriam, Isabella D’Antuono, Massimiliano D’Imperio, et al. "Characterization of Micronutrients, Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Prickly Pear Cladodes as Functional Ingredient." Molecules 25, no. 9 (2020): 2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092176.
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The Opuntia ficus indica (L.) (OFI) is used as a nutritional and pharmaceutical agent in various dietary and value added products. This study underlines the possible use of native prickly pear cladode powder as a functional ingredient for health-promoting food production. To summarise, chemical characterization of polyphenols, minerals and soluble dietary fibre was performed; furthermore, the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of polyphenols and minerals were assessed. Eleven compounds between phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified, with piscidic acid and isorhamnetin derivatives being the most abundant. Opuntia’s dietary fibre was mainly constituted of mucilage and pectin, and was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose sugars. The polyphenols’ bioaccessibility was very high: piscidic acid at 200%, eucomic and ferulic acids >110% and flavonoids from 89% to 100%. The prickly pear cladode powder is also a source of minerals, as cations (calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium) and anions (sulphate and chloride), with high magnesium bioaccessibilty (93%). OFI powder showed good capacity of radical scavenging measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, with 740 and 775 μmol Trolox/100 g OFI, respectively. Finally, the presented results allow the consideration of this natural product as a source of several essential nutrients, with a possible use in the food industry as a functional ingredient.
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LAIB, Imen, Hanane KARIT, Rahma BOUZERDOUNA, Fatima KETTOUCHE, and Malika BARKAT. "Effet de digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro sur les composés phénoliques et l’activité antioxydante d’ail triquètre Allium triquetrum L." Journal of Applied Biosciences 171 (March 31, 2022): 17821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.171.5.
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Objectifs : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’effet de la digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro sur vitro sur la teneur des polyphénols totaux, des flavonoïdes, des tanins et le potentiel antioxydant des parties comestibles (feuilles et bulbes) d’Allium triquetrum (Ail triquètre). Méthodologie et résultats : Les teneurs en polyphénols totaux, en flavonoïdes et en tanins de la plante non digérée et digérée ont été évaluées par dosage spectrophotométrique. La détermination de l’activité antioxydante a été effectuée par deux méthodes DPPH, ABTS. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro réduit les teneurs des polyphénols totaux , des flavonoïdes et des tanins. Une forte capacité antioxydante a été obtenue pour les extraits d’ail triquètre. L’étude de l’effet de la digestion in vitro sur l’activité antioxydante par la méthode DPPH montre une augmentation de cette dernière par rapport à l’extrait de l’ail triquètre non digérée. Cependant, la méthode ABTS a abouti à des effets différents selon la phase de digestion, la phase salivaire semble diminuer l’activité antioxydante. Par contre, une augmentation de celle-ci a été notée durant la phase gastrique suivie d’un abaissement au cours de la phase intestinale. La phase gastrique a révélé la meilleure activité pour les deux méthodes de détermination du pouvoir antioxydant. Conclusion et applications : La composition phénolique et l’activité antioxydante d’ail triquètre ont été modifiées de manière significative pendant la digestion in vitro. Les polyphénols totaux, les flavonoïdes et les tanins étaient instables dans l’environnement gastro-intestinal tandis que le potentiel antioxydant a été relativement maintenu après la digestion. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude pourraient servir comme donnés préliminaires à des analyses futures concernant l'amélioration de la bioaccessibilité des ingrédients bioactifs dans le corps humains. Mots clés : Allium triquetrum, digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro, polyphénols totaux, flavonoïdes, tanins, activité antioxydante 17821 Laib et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol: 171, 2022 Effet de digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro sur les composés phénoliques et l’activité antioxydante d’ail triquètre Allium triquetrum L. ABSTRACT Objective :The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion on the total polyphenol content, flavonoids, tannins and the antioxidant potential of edible parts (leaves and bulbes) of Allium triqutrem (three cornered leek) Methodology and Results: The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins of the digested and undigested plant were determined by spectrophoyometric methods. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by two methods DPPH and ABTS. The results obtained show that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion decreases the contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Allium triquterm extracts reveals a strong antioxidant activity which increases after gastrointestinal digestion for the DPPH method. However, the ABTS method Results obtained for the three phases of digestion are different .salivary phase cause a decrease in the antioxidant activity. However, antioxidant activity increase during the gastric phase then increases after the intestinal digestion. The gastric phase revealed the best activities for the two methods of antioxidant activity evaluation. Conclusion and applications of results: The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the three cornered leek were significantly altered during invitro digestion. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were unstable in the gastrointestinal environment while the antioxidant potential was relatively maintained after digestion. The results obtained in this study could be used as preliminary data for future analyses concerning the improvement of bioaccessibility of bioactive ingredients in the human body. Keywords: Allium triquetrum, in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, total polyphenols content, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity.
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Huang, Jiahao, Peter Chen, Michael Rogers, and Shawn Wettig. "Investigating the Phospholipid Effect on the Bioaccessibility of Rosmarinic Acid-Phospholipid Complex through a Dynamic Gastrointestinal in Vitro Model." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 4 (2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040156.
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Phyto-phospholipid complexes have been developed as a common way of improving the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbable phyto-pharmaceuticals; however, the complexation with phospholipids can induce positive or negative effects on the bioaccessibility of such plant-derived active ingredients in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phospholipid complexation on the bioaccessibility of a rosmarinic acid-phospholipid complex (RA-PLC) using the TNO dynamic intestinal model-1 (TIM-1). Preparation of RA-PLC was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, partition coefficient measurement, and Caco-2 monolayer permeation test. Bioaccessibility parameters in different GIT compartments were investigated. Complexation by phospholipids reduced the bioaccessibility of RA in jejunum compartment, while maintaining the ileum bioaccessibility. The overall bioaccessibility of RA-PLC was lower than the unformulated drug, suggesting that the improved oral absorption from a previous animal study could be considered as a net result of decreased bioaccessibility overwhelmed by enhanced intestinal permeability. This study provides insights into the effects of phospholipid on the bioaccessibility of hydrophilic compounds, and analyzes them based on the relationship between bioaccessibility, membrane permeability, and bioavailability. Additionally, TIM-1 shows promise in the evaluation of dosage forms containing materials with complicated effects on bioaccessibility.
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Ma, Chen, Qun Zhang, Dai-Zhu Lv, et al. "Study of Factors Influencing the Oral Bioaccessibility of Commonly Used and Detected Pesticides in Bananas and Mangoes Based on in vitro Methods." Foods 13, no. 13 (2024): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13132019.
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Estimating the impact of pesticide residue bioaccessibility in fruits on dietary exposure is a complex task in human health risk assessment. This research investigated the bioaccessibility of ten commonly used and detected pesticides in bananas and mangoes, as well as the factors influencing it, using an in vitro model. The highest bioaccessibility was observed at pH levels of 2.5 and 6.5 in the gastric and intestinal stages, respectively. Bioaccessibility decreased significantly with increasing solid/liquid ratios for most pesticides. The consumption of protein and four dietary components (carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and dietary fiber) could significantly reduce pesticide bioaccessibility by 9.89–48.32% (p < 0.05). Bioaccessibility in oral and gastric stages among four populations followed the order of adults/the elderly > children > infants, due to decreasing concentrations of α-amylase and pepsin. Pesticides in bananas generally exhibited a higher bioaccessibility (18.65–82.97%) compared to that in mangoes (11.68–87.57%). Bioaccessibility showed a negative correlation with the Log P values of the target pesticide, while no clear relationship was found between bioaccessibility and initial pesticide concentrations. Incorporating bioaccessible pesticide concentrations into risk assessments could lower dietary risk estimates by 11.85–79.57%. Assessing human exposure to pesticides based on bioaccessibility would greatly improve the accuracy of the risk assessment.
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Ibanez, Yves, Barbara Le Bot, and Philippe Glorennec. "House-dust metal content and bioaccessibility: a review." European Journal of Mineralogy 22, no. 5 (2010): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2010.
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Wang, Jia-Yu, Dong Wei, Ya-Jing Deng, et al. "Bioaccessibility and health risk of neonicotinoids in apple and pear samples as affected by in vitro digestion." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 13, no. 3 (2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i3.946.
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Previous studies have only focused on the bioaccessibility of single pesticide/metal without considering the potential impact of post-uptake interactions on bioaccessibility of pesticides/metals in the human digestive system. Hence, the influences of chromium (Cr) speciation on neonicotinoids bioaccessibility were investigated and the potential health risk based on the oral bioaccessibility was evaluated. Bioaccessibility of four neonicotinoids in apple and pear was measured using three common in vitro methods (SBRC, PBET, and IVG). Bioaccessibility of neonicotinoids in apple and pear varied between in vitro methods, which may reflect the difference of determination parameters (i.e., pH values, incubation time, and constituents). The neonicotinoids bioaccessibility was remarkably reduced by 17.21–81.21% and 11.61–73.70% with the addition of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. Risk assessment based on the hazard quotient (HQ) with bioaccessibility revealed that exposure to pesticide residues in the tested fruits were all below levels that might pose a health risk. These findings are of theoretical value for the safety evaluation of pesticide residues on food.
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Wang, Jia-Yu, Dong Wei, Ya-Jing Deng, et al. "Bioaccessibility and health risk of neonicotinoids in apple and pear samples as affected by in vitro digestion." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 13, no. 3 (2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i3.946.
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Previous studies have only focused on the bioaccessibility of single pesticide/metal without considering the potential impact of post-uptake interactions on bioaccessibility of pesticides/metals in the human digestive system. Hence, the influences of chromium (Cr) speciation on neonicotinoids bioaccessibility were investigated and the potential health risk based on the oral bioaccessibility was evaluated. Bioaccessibility of four neonicotinoids in apple and pear was measured using three common in vitro methods (SBRC, PBET, and IVG). Bioaccessibility of neonicotinoids in apple and pear varied between in vitro methods, which may reflect the difference of determination parameters (i.e., pH values, incubation time, and constituents). The neonicotinoids bioaccessibility was remarkably reduced by 17.21–81.21% and 11.61–73.70% with the addition of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. Risk assessment based on the hazard quotient (HQ) with bioaccessibility revealed that exposure to pesticide residues in the tested fruits were all below levels that might pose a health risk. These findings are of theoretical value for the safety evaluation of pesticide residues on food.
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Sęczyk, Łukasz, and Barbara Kołodziej. "Bioaccessibility of Rosmarinic Acid and Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Co-Compounds in a Simulated Digestion Model—The Influence of the Endogenous Plant Matrix, Dose of Administration and Physicochemical and Biochemical Digestion Environment." Molecules 29, no. 4 (2024): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040901.
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The objective of this study is to determine the effect of endogenous plant matrix components, dose and digestion-related factors on the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid and basil co-compounds in in vitro digestion conditions. Different forms of administration, i.e., basil raw plant material, dry extract, and isolated rosmarinic acid at various doses, were applied for the digestion experiment. To evaluate the contribution of biochemical and physicochemical digestion factors, samples were subjected to a full digestion process or treated only with a digestion fluid electrolyte composition without using biochemical components (i.e., digestion enzymes and bile salts), and bioaccessibility was monitored at the gastric and intestinal steps of digestion. The results showed that the components of the endogenous raw plant matrix significantly limited the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid and basil co-compounds, especially at the gastric stage of digestion. Physicochemical digestion factors were mainly responsible for the bioaccessibility of basil phytochemicals. Higher doses allowed maintenance of bioaccessibility at a relatively similar level, whereas the most negative changes in bioaccessibility were induced by the lowest doses. In conclusion, the determination of the bioaccessibility of bioactive phytochemicals from basil and factors influencing bioaccessibility may help in better prediction of the pro-health potential of this plant.
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Zieliński, Henryk, Wiesław Wiczkowski, Joanna Topolska, Mariusz Konrad Piskuła, and Małgorzata Wronkowska. "Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Buckwheat Biscuits Prepared from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196628.
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The literature reports that the consumption of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), exactly the polyphenols it contains, is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Therefore, the determination of the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids from buckwheat biscuits formulated from liquid-state fermented flours (BBF) by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) after gastrointestinal digestion was addressed in this study. Bioaccessibility could be defined as the fraction of a compound that is released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal lumen and used for intestinal absorption. The bioaccessibility of eight phenolic acids (protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, p-coumaric, and t-cinnamic) and six flavonoids (epicatechin, vitexin, orientin, apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin) were provided for BBF and BBC (buckwheat biscuits prepared from fermented and unfermented flours, respectively). The bioaccessibility indexes (BI) indicated the high bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and improved bioaccessibility of flavonoids from BBF. Moreover, the data provide evidence for the suitability of selected LAB strains to be used as natural sour agents for further bakery product development rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids with LAB-dependent bioaccessibility.
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Zhang, Ru, Yonghua Li, Yuefeng Xu, Zhenfeng Zang, Hairong Li, and Li Wang. "Effects of Dietary Supplements on the Bioaccessibility of Se, Zn and Cd in Rice: Preliminary Observations from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Simulation Tests." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144978.
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Trace elements such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential elements in the human body, while cadmium (Cd) has no physiological function. A high proportion of people consume dietary supplements to enhance the performance of the body or alter the nutrient contents within the body. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of several popular dietary supplements on the bioaccessibility of Se, Zn and Cd in rice with the hope of identifying dietary supplements that can increase rice Se and Zn bioaccessibility but decrease rice Cd bioaccessibility. The results from in vitro gastrointestinal simulation tests showed that the bioaccessibility of these elements in rice was in the order of Cd (52.07%) > Zn (36.63%) > Se (10.19%) during the gastric phase and Zn (26.82%) > Cd (18.72%) > Se (14.70%) during the intestinal phase. The bioaccessibility of Se during the intestinal phase was greater than that during the gastric phase, and the bioaccessibility of Zn and Cd were the opposite. The bioaccessibility of Se significantly increased in response to vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), vitamin B6 (VB6) and vitamin B9 (VB9), especially VC, which also increased the bioaccessibility of Zn and decreased that of Cd. Procyanidins (OPC), methionine (Met) and coenzyme Q10 (Q10) significantly reduced the bioaccessibility of Se. These results suggest that the reasonable use of dietary supplements can effectively regulate the in vivo contents of trace elements, which provide valuable information for developing health interventions to address problems for specific people, especially selenium-deficient people.
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Hussein Alpofead, Jawad Ali, Christine M. Davidson, and David Littlejohn. "Oral bioaccessibility tests to measure potentially toxic elements in inhalable particulate matter collected during routine air quality monitoring." Analytical Methods 8, no. 27 (2016): 5466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01403h.
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The simplified bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) and the stomach phase of the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) have been modified for use in assessing the bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in samples of PM<sub>10</sub> collected during routine air quality monitoring.
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Gómez-Maqueo, Andrea, Dora Steurer, Jorge Welti-Chanes, and M. Pilar Cano. "Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Prickly Pear Fruits Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure: An Application for Healthier Foods." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175252.
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High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a commercial processing technology which can enhance the health potential of foods by improving the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds. Our aim was to study the bioaccessibility and digestive stability of phenolic compounds and betalains in prickly pear fruits (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. var. Pelota and Sanguinos) treated with HHP (100, 350, and 600 MPa; come-up time and 5 min). The effects of HHP on pulps (edible fraction) and peels (sources of potential healthy ingredients) were assessed. In pulps, betanin bioaccessibility increased (+47% to +64%) when treated at 350 MPa/5 min. In HHP-treated pulps, increases in the bioaccessibility of piscidic acid (+67% to +176%) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid glycoside (+126% to 136%) were also observed. Isorhamnetin glycosides in peels treated at 600 MPa/CUT had higher bioaccessibility (+17% to +126%) than their controls. The effects of HHP on the bioaccessibility of health-promoting compounds are not exclusively governed by extractability increases of antioxidants in the food matrix (direct effects). In this work we found evidence that indirect effects (effects on the food matrix) could also play a role in the increased bioaccessibility of antioxidants in fruits treated with HHP.
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CANSEV, Asuman, Meryem İPEK, Güler ÇELİK, et al. "Comparative characterization of the content and in vitro bioaccessibility of minerals in two Cornus species." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (2022): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1114313.
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In this study, the content and bioaccessibility of minerals were investigated in four different cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and one common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.) genotypes grown in Bursa, Turkey. Mineral content or bioaccessibility was determined using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry or in vitro artificial gastrointestinal system, respectively. Results revealed that the common dogwood contained significantly greater amounts of minerals, particularly calcium and iron, compared with cornelian cherry genotypes. However, bioaccessibility of calcium or iron was greater in cornelian cherry genotypes (on average 90% or 25%, respectively) compared with that of common dogwood (13.72% or 4.48%, respectively). Bioaccessibility rates of potassium, magnesium and copper were over 50% in all genotypes. Among the cornelian cherry genotypes, G2 contained the highest amount of minerals, except for copper, and the highest amount of bioaccessible minerals. Although the mineral contents were different, amounts of bioaccessible minerals were comparable in both species due to the difference in bioaccessibility rates. In conclusion, the present study shows that fruits with rich mineral contents do not necessarily have high nutritional value due to lower bioaccessibility rates, and suggests that in vitro bioaccessibility studies are useful tools in the determination of the nutritional value of foods.
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Xu, Yang, Tan Hu, Haijuan Hu, et al. "Comparative Evaluation on the Bioaccessibility of Citrus Fruit Carotenoids In Vitro Based on Different Intake Patterns." Foods 11, no. 10 (2022): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101457.
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The intake pattern has a great impact on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from citrus fruit. Here, we compared the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from fresh citrus fruit (FC), fresh citrus juice (FCJ), and not-from-concentrate citrus juice (NCJ) and analyzed the influencing factors. The results demonstrated that particle size, viscosity, and some active components of the samples during digestion are potential factors affecting the bioaccessibility of carotenoids. The total carotenoid bioaccessibility of NCJ (31.45 ± 2.58%) was significantly higher than that of FC (8.11 ± 0.43%) and FCJ (12.43 ± 0.49%). This work demonstrates that NCJ is an appropriate intake pattern to improve the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from citrus fruit. The findings also suggest that adjustment of food intake patterns is an effective way to improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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Moskwa, Justyna, Sylwia Katarzyna Naliwajko, Anna Puścion-Jakubik, et al. "In Vitro Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Zn, Ca, Mg, and Se from Various Types of Nuts." Foods 12, no. 24 (2023): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12244453.
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The bioaccessibility of zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se) from various nuts (Brazil nuts, walnuts, peanuts, almonds, cashews, pecans, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, and pistachios) was assessed using a simulated two-phase model of enzymatic digestion in vitro. The levels of Zn, Mg, and Ca were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and Se was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. All tested nuts were good sources of Mg, and most, except macadamia nuts, were also good sources of Zn (the standard portion covers over 15% of NRV–R (UE) 1924/2006). Brazil nuts had the highest Se content. Almonds and Brazil nuts were rich in Ca. Se demonstrated the highest bioaccessibility from nuts (27.7% to 70.65%), whereas Ca exhibited the lowest bioaccessibility (below 9%). Pistachios had the highest Zn bioavailability, while cashews excelled in Mg bioaccessibility. Macadamia and pistachios were top for Ca bioaccessibility, and Brazil nuts for Se. Bioaccessibility is positively correlated with fat (for Zn: r = 0.23), carbohydrates (for Mg: 0.44; for Ca: 0.35), and sugar content (for Zn: r = 0.36; for Mg: 0.46; for Ca: 0.40).
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Hamed, Mansor, David G. Holm, Michael Bartolo, Pinky Raigond, Vidyasagar Sathuvalli, and Sastry S. Jayanty. "The Bioaccessibility of Phenolics, Flavonoids, Carotenoids, and Capsaicinoid Compounds: A Comparative Study of Cooked Potato Cultivars Mixed with Roasted Pepper Varieties." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081849.
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An in vitro method was used to assess the bioaccessibility of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoid compounds in different cooked potatoes mixed with roasted peppers (Capsicum annuum), Joe Parker (JP, hot), and Sweet Delilah (SD, sweet). The present study identified differences in the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds among the potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) Purple Majesty (PM; purple flesh), Yukon Gold (YG; yellow flesh), Rio Grande Russet (RG; white flesh) and a numbered selection (CO 97226-2R/R (R/R; red flesh)). The bioactive compounds and capsaicinoid compounds in potatoes and peppers were estimated before and after in vitro digestion. Before digestion, the total phenolic content of potato cultivars mixed with JP was in the following order: R/R > PM > YG > RG. The highest levels of carotenoids were 194.34 µg/g in YG and 42.92 µg/g in the RG cultivar when mixed with roasted JP. The results indicate that the amount of bioaccessible phenolics ranged from 485 to 252 µg/g in potato cultivars mixed with roasted JP. The bioaccessibility of flavonoids ranged from 185.1 to 59.25 µg/g. The results indicate that the YG cultivar mixed with JP and SD showed the highest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. In contrast, the PM mixed with JP and SD contained the lowest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. Our results indicate that the highest flavonoid bioaccessibility occurred in R/R mixed with roasted JP and SD. The lowest flavonoids bioaccessibility occurred in PM and the RG. The maximum bioaccessible amount of capsaicin was observed in YG mixed with JP, while the minimum bioaccessibility was observed with PM.
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Hamidi, Elliyana Nadia, Parvaneh Hajeb, Jinap Selamat, Soo Yee Lee, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Bioaccessibility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Grilled Meat: The Effects of Meat Doneness and Fat Content." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020736.
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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through diet is gaining concern due to the risk it poses to human health. This study evaluated the bioaccessibility of PAHs contained in charcoal-grilled beef and chicken in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with regard to the degree of doneness and fat content of the meats. The levels of 15 PAHs in the grilled meat samples and bioaccessible fractions were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with PAH column, and UV and fluorescence detectors. Total PAHs were found in beef (30.73 ng/g) and chicken (70.93 ng/g) before its digestion, and different PAHs’ bioaccessibility were observed in the different segments of GIT, with the highest in the stomach followed by the small intestine, despite the relatively higher bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in grilled beef as compared to those in grilled chicken. Additionally, the PAHs’ bioaccessibility increased with the increase in the degree of doneness. Positive linear correlation was observed for the PAHs’ bioaccessibility and the fat contents of grilled meat. Overall, this study highlights the influence of meat doneness (cooking time) and fat contents on the bioaccessibility and bioaccumulation of PAHs.
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Escrivá, Laura, Fojan Agahi, Pilar Vila-Donat, Jordi Mañes, Giuseppe Meca, and Lara Manyes. "Bioaccessibility Study of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Bread Enriched with Fermented Milk Whey and/or Pumpkin." Toxins 14, no. 1 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010006.
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The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products remains a significant issue. The use of natural ingredients such as pumpkin and whey, which contain bioactive compounds, could be a strategy to reduce the use of conventional chemical preservatives. The aim of the present work was to study the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) in bread, as well as to evaluate the effect of milk whey (with and without lactic acid bacteria fermentation) and pumpkin on reducing mycotoxins bioaccessibility. Different bread typologies were prepared and subjected to an in vitro digestion model. Gastric and intestinal extracts were analyzed by HPLC–MS/qTOF and mycotoxins bioaccessibility was calculated. All the tested ingredients but one significantly reduced mycotoxin intestinal bioaccessibility. Pumpkin powder demonstrated to be the most effective ingredient showing significant reductions of AFB1 and OTA bioaccessibility up to 74% and 34%, respectively. Whey, fermented whey, and the combination of pumpkin-fermented whey showed intestinal bioaccessibility reductions between 57–68% for AFB1, and between 11–20% for OTA. These results pointed to pumpkin and milk whey as potential bioactive ingredients that may have promising applications in the bakery industry.
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Hu, Ziying, Yanan Ma, Jun Liu, et al. "Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) in Three Forms: In Vitro Digestion Model and Metabolomics Approach." Foods 11, no. 22 (2022): 3731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223731.
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Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L., LBL) is a good source of carotenoids, while the bioaccessibility of various types of LBL carotenoids has not been explored. In the study, eight carotenoids, three carotenoid esters and two carotenoid glycosylated derivatives were identified by a non−targeted metabolomics approach. The dried LBL (DRI), LBL in water (WAT), and LBL in “Baijiu” (WIN) were used to recreate the three regularly chosen types of utilization, and the in vitro digestion model showed that the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids increased significantly from the oral to the gastric and intestinal phase (p < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of LBL carotenoids was the most elevated for DRI (at 28.2%), followed by WIN and WAT (at 24.9% and 20.3%, respectively). Among the three carotenoids, zeaxanthin dipalmitate showed the highest bioaccessibility (51.8–57.1%), followed by β−carotene (51.1–55.6%) and zeaxanthin (45.2–56.3%). However, the zeaxanthin from DRI exhibited significantly higher bioaccessibility (up to 58.3%) than WAT and WIN in both the gastric and intestinal phases (p < 0.05). Results of antioxidant activity tests based on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS showed that the addition of lipids improved the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids. (p < 0.05).
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GHERASIM, Cristina Elena, Francisc Vasile DULF, Andrea BUNEA, Dumitriţa RUGINĂ та Adela PINTEA. "Effect of addition of rich sources of lipids on the bioaccessibility of lutein and β-carotene from raw baby spinach leaves". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 80, № 2 (2023): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2023.0005.
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the addition of lipids with different origin and unsaturation degree on the bioaccessibility of major carotenoids from raw baby spinach leaves. The standardized INFOGEST protocol of static in vitro digestion was applied to determine the bioaccessibility of lutein and β-carotene from baby spinach, before and after the addition of avocado pulp (5% and 10%) and sour cream (10% and 20%), as lipid sources. Baby spinach leaves, avocado fruits and sour cream were characterized in terms of carotenoid composition, lipid content and fatty acids profile by C30-HPLC-DAD and GC-MS. The bioaccessibility of lutein was lower (7.1%) than that of β-carotene (9.05%) from unsupplemented baby spinach leaves. Addition of avocado and sour cream determined a significant decrease of lutein bioaccessibility, especially in the case of high concentration of sour cream (20%). Oppositely, the bioaccessibility of β-carotene was increased by the addition of both lipid sources, at both concentrations, with a significant improvement for 10% sour cream, from 9.05% to 13.28%. Generally, the highest amount of lipid did not result in better bioaccessibility of carotenoids.
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Diacomanolis, Violet, Barry N. Noller, Raijeli Taga, Hugh H. Harris, Jade B. Aitken, and Jack C. Ng. "Relationship of arsenic speciation and bioavailability in mine wastes for human health risk assessment." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2016): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14152.
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Environmental context X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was applied to give arsenic chemical forms directly in the solid phase of mine wastes from two mine sites, including fluvial dispersion. The arsenic speciation data explained the variation of in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo bioavailability (rat uptake) data of the mine wastes. The As speciation from XANES fitting supported the hypothesis that when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents is significantly lower. Abstract X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used for arsenic speciation in mine processing and waste samples from two mines in northern Australia. XANES fitting of model compound spectra to samples was used, in combination with in vitro bioaccessibility data for the pure compounds, to predict bioaccessibility of each mine waste sample (Pearson’s correlation R2=0.756, n=51). The XANES fitting data for a smaller set of the samples (n=12) were compared with in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility data. The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the mine wastes, which is dependent, at least in part, on its oxidation state, was found to be <14% (0.9–13.5%) for arsenite (AsIII) and <17% (3.5–16.4) for arsenate (AsV). Arsenic bioaccessibility in the mine wastes ranged from 8–36% in the stomach to 1–16% in the intestinal phase, indicating that a small portion of the total As concentration in the mine waste was available for absorption. A significant correlation showed that bioaccessibility can be used as a predictor of bioavailability. The XANES results support that bioavailability and bioaccessibility results were very similar and show a strong association with the presence of ferric arsenate and As sulfides. It can be concluded that, when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents exposed to the mine waste was significantly lower than that estimated based on a 100% bioavailability often employed for the risk assessment.
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Liu, Xiaowei, Ying Han, Ouli Xiao, et al. "Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Tebuconazole in Table Grape by Using In Vitro Digestion Models." Foods 11, no. 23 (2022): 3926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233926.
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In this study, the effects of various digestive models, influencing factors and dietary supplements on the bioaccessibility of tebuconazole in table grapes were compared. The Caco-2 cell model was employed to reveal the transfer behavior of tebuconazole. The results indicated that digestion time is the main factor affecting bioaccessibility. With an increase in time, the tebuconazole in grapes was almost completely dissolved, with bioaccessibility reaching 98.5%, whereas dietary fiber reduced bioaccessibility. Tebuconazole undergoes carrier-free passive transport in permeable cells in the Caco-2 cell model. These findings have practical application value for correctly evaluating the harmful level of pollutants in the matrix to human body.
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Ceccanti, Costanza, Lucia Guidi, Claudia D’Alessandro, and Adamasco Cupisti. "Potassium Bioaccessibility in Uncooked and Cooked Plant Foods: Results from a Static In Vitro Digestion Methodology." Toxins 14, no. 10 (2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100668.
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Hyperkalemia is a major concern in chronic kidney disease and in end-stage renal disease, representing a predictor of hospitalization and mortality. To prevent and treat hyperkalemia, dietary management is of great clinical interest. Currently, the growing use of plant-based diets causes an increasing concern about potassium load in renal patients. The aim of this study was to assess the bioaccessibility of potassium in vegetables, concerning all aspects of the plants (fruit, flower, root, tuber, leaf and seed) and to what extent different boiling techniques affect potassium content and bioaccessibility of plant-based foods. Bioaccessibility was evaluated by an in vitro digestion methodology, resembling human gastro-intestinal tract. Potassium content was higher in seeds and leaves, despite it not being possible to define a common “rule” according to the type of organ, namely seed, leaf or fruit. Boiling reduced potassium content in all vegetables excluding carrot, zucchini, and cauliflower; boiling starting from cold water contributed to a greater reduction of the potassium content in potato, peas, and beans. Bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion ranged from 12 (peas) to 93% (tomato) regardless of species and organs. Higher bioaccessibility was found in spinach, chicory, zucchini, tomato, kiwi, and cauliflower, and lower bioaccessibility in peas. Potassium from leaf resulted in the highest bioaccessibility after digestion; as a whole potassium bioaccessibility in the fruits and vegetables studied was 67% on average, with differences in relation to the different organs and species. Further, considering the method of boiling to reduce potassium content, these data indicate that the effective potassium load from plant-based foods may be lower than originally expected. This supports the clinical advices to maintain a wide use of plant-based food in the management of renal patients.
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Zieliński, Henryk, Wiesław Wiczkowski, Joanna Honke, and Mariusz Konrad Piskuła. "In Vitro Expanded Bioaccessibility of Quercetin-3-Rutinoside and Quercetin Aglycone from Buckwheat Biscuits Formulated from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040571.
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The expanded bioaccessibility of rutin (Ru) and quercetin (Q) from buckwheat biscuits (BBs) formulated from liquid-state fermented flours by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined after gastrointestinal digestion. Fermentation of buckwheat flours caused a LAB-dependent variation in Ru and Q content. BBs baked at 220 °C for 30 min showed lower content of Ru and Q, and no correlation was found between the content of these compounds in fermented flours and BBs. The expanded bioaccessibility of Ru from BBs was low when its content in the soluble and insoluble fractions remaining after digestion in vitro was taken into account. Contrary results were found for Q bioaccessibility which had an index greater than 1, indicating the high Q bioaccessibility from BBs. Since very low Q content was noted in the insoluble fraction remaining after BBs digestion, the high Q bioaccessibility was determined to be due to its concentration in the soluble fraction.
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López-Gámez, Gloria, Pedro Elez-Martínez, Olga Martín-Belloso, and Robert Soliva-Fortuny. "Applying Pulsed Electric Fields to Whole Carrots Enhances the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds in Derived Products." Foods 10, no. 6 (2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061321.
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We propose the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) to carrots to obtain derived products with increased phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. For this purpose, juices, purees, and oil-added purees were obtained from whole PEF-treated carrots (five pulses of 3.5 kV cm−1; 0.61 kJ kg−1). In order to obtain shelf-stable products, the effect of a thermal treatment (70 °C for 10 min) was also studied. Carrot juices exhibited the highest carotenoid (43.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) and phenolic (322 mg kg−1 dry weight) contents. However, caffeic and coumaric acid derivatives were highly sensitive to PEF. The phenolic bioaccessibility reached 100% in purees obtained from the PEF-treated carrots, whereas the further thermally treated oil-added purees exhibited the greatest carotenoid bioaccessibility (7.8%). The increase in carotenoid bioaccessibility could be related to their better release and solubilization into micelles. The results suggest that food matrix aspects apart from particle size (e.g., pectin characteristics) are involved in phenolic bioaccessibility.
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Diep, Tung Thanh, Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo, and Elaine Rush. "Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Amino Acids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity of Tamarillo Yoghurts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052526.
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Laird’s Large tamarillo powder is high in protein (10%) essential amino acids (EAAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and polyphenols (0.6% phenolics plus anthocyanins) and fibre 25%. This study aimed to investigate, using a standardized static in vitro digestion model, the stability of amino acids and antioxidant capacity of polyphenols in yoghurt fortified with 5, 10 and 15% tamarillo powder either before (PRE) or after (POS) fermentation. Compared to plain yoghurt, the fruit polyphenols (rutinosides and glycosides) were retained and substantial increases in FEAAs (free essential amino acids), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were observed particularly at the end of intestinal phase of digestion. Together with SDS-PAGE results, peptides and proteins in tamarillo yoghurts were more easily digested and therefore may be better absorbed in the small intestine compared to the control. TPC and antioxidant activity of fortified yoghurts increased significantly after in vitro digestion. Relatively high bioaccessibilty of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-rutinoside in digested PRE samples was observed. The results suggest that the yoghurt matrix might protect some compounds from degradation, increasing bioaccessibility and in the small intestine allow increased absorption and utilization possible. Fortification would deliver intact polyphenols and fibre to the large intestine and improve gut health. Further research of acceptability, shelf life, and then trials for health effects should be implemented.
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Francisco, João, André Horta, Rui Pedrosa, et al. "Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants and Fatty Acids from Fucus Spiralis." Foods 9, no. 4 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040440.
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Fucus spiralis is an edible brown seaweed (SW) found in the Portuguese Coast. It has been reported to have high antioxidant activity, which may elicit a potential use for the food industry. However, little information is available on how the SW behaves during the digestive process and how the freeze-drying process might affect the bioaccessibility of the different compounds. Therefore, antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, lipid, and fatty acid contents were measured before and after in vitro simulation of the human digestive process, both in fresh and freeze-dry SW. F. spiralis had a lipid content of 3.49 ± 0.3% of dry weight (DW), which is a usual amount described for this SW genus. The total lipid bioaccessibility was 12.1 ± 0.1%. The major omega-3 fatty acid detected was eicosapentaenoic acid, 7.5 ± 0.1%, with a bioaccessibility percentage of 13.0 ± 1.0%. Four different methods—total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)—were used to assess the antioxidant activity of F. spiralis. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants studied, ranged between 42.7% and 59.5%, except the bioaccessibility of polyphenols in freeze-dried SW (23.0% ± 1.0%), suggesting that the freeze-drying process reduces the bioaccessibility of these compounds.
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Mozaffari, Khadijeh, Stephanie Willette, Ben F. Lucker, Sarah E. Kovar, Francisco Omar Holguin, and Ivette Guzman. "The Effects of Food on Cannabidiol Bioaccessibility." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123573.
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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a hydrophobic non-psychoactive compound with therapeutic characteristics. Animal and human studies have shown its poor oral bioavailability in vivo, and the impact of consuming lipid-soluble CBD with and without food on gut bioaccessibility has not been explored. The purpose of this research was to study the bioaccessibility of CBD after a three-phase upper digestion experiment with and without food, and to test lipase activity with different substrate concentrations. Our results showed that lipase enzyme activity and fatty acid absorption increased in the presence of bile salts, which may also contribute to an increase in CBD bioaccessibility. The food matrix used was a mixture of olive oil and baby food. Overall, the fed-state digestion revealed significantly higher micellarization efficiency for CBD (14.15 ± 0.6% for 10 mg and 22.67 ± 2.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested) than the fasted state digestion of CBD (0.65 ± 0.7% for 10 mg and 0.14 ± 0.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested). The increase in bioaccessibility of CBD with food could be explained by the fact that micelle formation from hydrolyzed lipids aid in bioaccessibility of hydrophobic molecules. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of CBD depends on the food matrix and the presence of lipase and bile salts.
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Fang, Yi, Yuxue Cui, Xiaoli Mou, Li Lu, Jiali Shentu, and Min Zhu. "In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Zinc Contaminated Soil Stabilized by Ferrous Sulfate: Effect of Different Dietary Components." Toxics 11, no. 1 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010023.
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Iron-based materials have good stability in reducing the mobility and toxicity of heavy metals, but the behavior and human health risks of heavy metals could be affected by dietary components. This study investigated the effect of typical diets (lettuce, cooked rice and apples) on the bioaccessibility and morphological changes of arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) in contaminated site after stabilization by ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). The results showed that the bioaccessibility of As and Zn were increased in a co-digestion system of food. The augmented effect on As bioaccessibility mainly occurred in the gastric phase: apple > lettuce > cooked rice (p < 0.05), while the augmented effect on Zn bioaccessibility mainly occurred in the intestinal phase: lettuce > apple > cooked rice (p < 0.05). FeSO4 weakened the dissolution effect of dietary components on As bioaccessibility, and reduced As bioaccessibility in the gastric and intestinal phases by 34.0% and 37.9% (p < 0.05), respectively. Dietary components and Fe fractions influenced the speciation and distribution of As and Zn. FeSO4 reduced the hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) values of the contaminated soil by 33.97% and 33.59%, respectively. This study provides a reference for a better understanding of more realistic strategies to modulate exposure risks of heavy metal-contaminated sites.
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Abdel-Aal, El-Sayed M., Iwona Rabalski, Christine Carey, and Tamer H. Gamel. "Bioaccessibility and Cellular Uptake of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Ferulic Acid from Muffins and Breads Made from Hairless Canary Seed, Wheat and Corn Blends." Foods 12, no. 6 (2023): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061307.
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Using a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model combined with a Caco-2 cell model, this study aims to assess the bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of dietary lutein, zeaxanthin, and ferulic acid from muffins and bread prepared from blends of hairless canary seed (HCS), wheat, and corn. Residual digestive enzymes damaged the Caco-2 monolayer and necessitated the requirements for the additional clean-up of the digesta. Several digesta cleanup treatments were examined, and the C18 column, along with AEBSF inhibitor, was selected as the most effective treatment. However, the cleanup treatment reduced lutein, zeaxanthin, and ferulic acid concentrations. The bioaccessibility of lutein from muffins was high at 92–94% (without clean-up) and 81–86% (with cleanup); however, the cellular uptake was low (7–9%). The bioaccessibility and cellular uptake (4–11%) of zeaxanthin were lower than lutein. Ferulic acid from muffins exhibited a wide range of bioaccessibility for non-cleanup (105–229%) and clean-up (53–133%) digesta samples; however, cellular uptake was very low (0.5–1.8%). Bread made from wheat/HCS had higher lutein bioaccessibility (47–80%) than the control bread (42%), with an apical cellular uptake ranging from 4.3 to 9.2%. Similar to muffins, the bioaccessibility of zeaxanthin from bread was lower than lutein, while ferulic acid had a fairly high bioaccessibility at 98–103% (without clean-up) and 81–102% (with cleanup); however, zeaxanthin cellular uptake was low (0.2%). These results suggest that muffins and bread could boost the daily consumption of lutein, zeaxanthin, and ferulic acid, allowing for a small portion to be absorbed in the small intestine.
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Rousseau, Sofie, Miete Celus, Dorine Duijsens, Shannon Gwala, Marc Hendrickx, and Tara Grauwet. "The impact of postharvest storage and cooking time on mineral bioaccessibility in common beans." Food & Function 11, no. 9 (2020): 7584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01302a.
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Postharvest storage negatively influences the common bean mineral bioaccessibility which cannot be counteracted by adapting conventional processing variables. However, dehulling can lead to an improvement of mineral bioaccessibility.
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Choleva, Tatiana G., Charikleia Tziasiou, Vasiliki Gouma, Athanasios G. Vlessidis, and Dimosthenis L. Giokas. "In Vitro Assessment of the Physiologically Relevant Oral Bioaccessibility of Metallic Elements in Edible Herbs Using the Unified Bioaccessibility Protocol." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145396.
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In this work, the total content of seven metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Pb, Ni, and Co) in common edible herbs was determined and related to their bioaccessibility by an in vitro human digestion model. Specifically, the unified bioaccessibility protocol developed by the BioAccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) was used to determine the release of each element during gastric and gastrointestinal digestion. The results show that Fe, Zn, and Mg are released during gastric digestion (34–57% Fe, 28–80% Zn, 79–95% Mg), but their overall bioaccessibility is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract (<30%). On the contrary, Cu is more bioaccessible during gastrointestinal digestion (38–60%). Pb, Ni, and Co exhibited similar bioaccessibility in both gastric and gastrointestinal fluids. Principle component analysis of the data shows that the classification of the nutritional value of herbs differs between the total and the gastrointestinal concentration, suggesting that the total concentration alone is not an adequate indicator for drawing secure conclusions concerning the nutritional benefits of edible plant species.
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Bourliva, Anna, Efstratios Kelepertzis, Lamprini Papadopoulou, Carla Patinha, and Nikolaos Kantiranis. "Enhanced Gastric/Lung Arsenic Bioaccessibility from Lignite Fly Ashes: Comparing Bioaccessibility Rates with Multiple Environmental Matrices." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040358.
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Inorganic arsenic (As), a carcinogenic element to humans, is among the most dangerous and flammable substances that coal-burning plants could release. When coal is burned, large portions of arsenic are captured on fly-ash (FA) particles, but it could also contribute significantly to stack emissions of fine fly-ash particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral and respiratory bioaccessibility of arsenic in lignite fly-ash (LFA) samples, and their contribution to total As exposure. Arsenic bioaccessibility fractions via ingestion and inhalation showed significant differences, suggesting the presence of highly soluble As-bearing phases in the studied LFA samples. The bioaccessible As fractions (BAF%) in the simulated gastric fluids (UBM protocol, ISO 17924:2018) showed a range of 45–73%, while the pulmonary bioaccessibility rates in the simulated lung fluid (artificial lung fluid (ALF)) exhibited significantly enhanced levels ranging from 86% to 95%. The obtained arsenic bioaccessibility rates were compared with previous data for multiple environmental matrices such as soil and dust-related materials, revealing that LFA exhibited significantly higher bioaccessibility (%) for the inhalation pathway.
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Cámara-Martos, Fernando. "Influence of Dietary Fibre and Protein Fractions on the Trace Element Bioaccessibility of Turnip Tops (Brassica rapa) Growing under Mediterranean Conditions." Foods 13, no. 3 (2024): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13030462.
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The objective of this work was to study the influence of three dietary fibre fractions (pectin, gum arabic and cellulose) and three protein fractions (casein, lactalbumin and soy) on the trace element bioaccessibility (Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) of turnip tops (B. rapa subsp. Rapa) growing under Mediterranean conditions. Then, it aimed to promote the use of this vegetable not only for direct fresh consumption but also as a main ingredient in the development of food mixtures. The results showed that soluble fibre fractions, such as pectin and gum arabic, can enhance the bioaccessibility of trace elements, such as Fe, Mn, Se and Zn. This effect was not proved for cellulose (an insoluble fibre fraction), in which, at best, no bioaccessibility effect was observed. Regarding the protein fractions, with the exception of Se, caseins and lactalbumin had a neutral effect on improving the trace element bioaccessibility. This did not hold true for soy protein, in which a considerable improvement in the bioaccessibility of Fe, Mn, Se and Zn was determined.
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Grassby, Terri, David R. Picout, Giuseppina Mandalari, et al. "Modelling of nutrient bioaccessibility in almond seeds based on the fracture properties of their cell walls." Food Funct. 5, no. 12 (2014): 3096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00659c.
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Cell walls hinder nutrient bioaccessibility (release). Two variants of a model were constructed to predict lipid release from ruptured almond cells, but only one has potential for predicting bioaccessibility in the gut.
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Trych, Urszula, Magdalena Buniowska, Sylwia Skąpska, Szymon Starzonek, and Krystian Marszałek. "The Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Black Currant Puree after High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment." Molecules 25, no. 15 (2020): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153544.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and thermal processing (TP) on the bioaccessibility of vitamin C and anthocyanins as well as changes in the antioxidant capacity (AC) using ABTS+• and DPPH• tests on blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) puree during the steps in the digestive process. The puree was subjected to HPP at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 5 min (room temperature) or TP at 85 °C for 10 min. The controls were untreated puree (P) and fruit crushed in a mortar (M). All the samples were digested in a static in vitro digestion model, including the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, and subjected to dialysis. The vitamin C, anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity were monitored at each step of the digestion process. The potential bioaccessibility of the antioxidants studied was calculated in relation to the undigested sample. TP and HPP enabled a high content of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and AC to be maintained. After simulated digestion in the small intestine, a significant decrease was observed in the vitamin C and anthocyanins (approximately 98%) content. However, a high stability (approximately 70%) of both compounds was noted at the gastric stage. HPP and TP significantly affected the potential bioaccessibility of vitamin C and anthocyanins, although the bioaccessibility of both compounds in the samples treated using HPP was higher than when using TP. Moreover, the potential bioaccessibility of vitamin C after HPP treatment (400 and 600 MPa) was higher than the bioaccessibility calculated for the M and P control samples. TP and HPP treatment negatively affected anthocyanin bioaccessibility after dialysis. The most favorable pressure was 400 MPa, as it allowed maintaining the best antioxidant activity after digestion.
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Zhang, Ruojie, Zipei Zhang, Ruyi Li, Yunbing Tan, Shanshan Lv, and David Julian McClements. "Impact of Pesticide Type and Emulsion Fat Content on the Bioaccessibility of Pesticides in Natural Products." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061466.
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There is interest in incorporating nanoemulsions into certain foods and beverages, including dips, dressings, drinks, spreads, and sauces, due to their potentially beneficial attributes. In particular, excipient nanoemulsions can enhance the bioavailability of nutraceuticals in fruit- and vegetable-containing products consumed with them. There is, however, potential for them to also raise the bioavailability of undesirable substances found in these products, such as pesticides. In this research, we studied the impact of excipient nanoemulsions on the bioaccessibility of pesticide-treated tomatoes. We hypothesized that the propensity for nanoemulsions to raise pesticide bioaccessibility would depend on the polarity of the pesticide molecules. Bendiocarb, parathion, and chlorpyrifos were therefore selected because they have Log P values of 1.7, 3.8, and 5.3, respectively. Nanoemulsions with different oil contents (0%, 4%, and 8%) were fabricated to study their impact on pesticide uptake. In the absence of oil, the bioaccessibility increased with increasing pesticide polarity (decreasing Log P): bendiocarb (92.9%) > parathion (16.4%) > chlorpyrifos (2.8%). Bendiocarb bioaccessibility did not depend on the oil content of the nanoemulsions, which was attributed to its relatively high water-solubility. Conversely, the bioaccessibility of the more hydrophobic pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos) increased with increasing oil content. For instance, for chlorpyrifos, the bioaccessibility was 2.8%, 47.0%, and 70.7% at 0%, 4%, and 8% oil content, respectively. Our findings have repercussions for the utilization of nanoemulsions as excipient foods in products that may have high levels of undesirable non-polar substances, such as pesticides.
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Diez-Sánchez, Elena, Amparo Quiles, and Isabel Hernando. "Interactions between Blackcurrant Polyphenols and Food Macronutrients in Model Systems: In Vitro Digestion Studies." Foods 10, no. 4 (2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040847.
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Blackcurrant pomace, rich in fiber and polyphenols, can be used as added-value ingredient for food formulation. However, the bounding of polyphenols to pomace and the interactions that take place with food nutrients modify polyphenol bioaccessibility. This work studied the interactions between polyphenols and the main macronutrients in foods, and the changes that occurred during in vitro digestion, using model systems. Model systems were formulated with (i) water, (ii) wheat starch, (iii) olive oil, (iv) whey protein, and (v) a model combining all the ingredients. Polyphenols were added from two sources: as pomace and as a polyphenolic pomace extract. Interactions between polyphenols and macronutrients were studied using light microscopy; total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were determined before and after the in vitro digestion process. Lastly, the bioaccessibility of the samples was calculated. Polyphenols incorporated into the model systems as pomace increased their bioaccessibility if compared to polyphenols added as extract. For single-nutrient model systems formulated with pomace, the bioaccessibility was higher than when the system contained all the nutrients. Of all the components studied, the greatest effect on bioaccessibility was observed for proteins.
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Yu, Shengwu, Anika Singh, Huiying Zhang, and David D. Kitts. "An in vitro Method to Determine Intestinal Bioavailability of Glucosamine Salt Mixture." Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001180.
Full textAbstract:
Glucosamine is an amino sugar commonly used to improve joint health. It is often available for consumers as specialized supplements, the matrixes of which are formulated with components that facilitate enhancing functionality of the bioactive glucosamine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a commercial glucosamine sulphate supplement, formulated with a mineral clay mixture. We used a modified a 3-step in vitro digestion procedure that included oral, gastric, and gastrointestinal digestions to assess bioaccessibility. Bioavailability followed using a Caco2 cell permeability test. Glucosamine bioaccessibility was not affected by gastric digestion and only marginally affected by gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., > 90% recovery). Bioavailability was dramatically lower, averaging approximately 15%, but similar for both the glucosamine reference standard and clay mineral mix glucosamine formulated product. Our in vitro bioavailability measurement of glucosamine, corrected for bioaccessibility, agree with values from in vitro rodent models. We conclude that the in vitro 3-step digestion of glucosamine, used to mimic gastrointestinal digestion, followed by the Caco2 permeability assay represents an alternative method to assess digestibility and bioavailability of formulated glucosamine products. Keywords: Glucosamine; Clay Mineral Mix; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability
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Wan, Xiaoming, and Weibin Zeng. "Composition of Three Common Chinese Herbal Medicines and the Influence of Preparation Types on the Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120719.
Full textAbstract:
The high concentration of trace elements in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is an important research topic for quality control. This study investigated the total concentration of trace elements in three herbs used as both medicine and supplementary food, including Astragalus membranaceus, Glycyrrhiza, and Isatidis. Further, the effects of different preparation ways, such as decoct, granule, and oral liquid, on the bioaccessibility of trace elements in CHM were disclosed. Results indicated that the total concentrations of trace elements in these three herbs were lower than the medical standards, but the concentrations of As and Pb in CHMs were higher than the standards for supplementary food. Different preparations ways affect bioaccessibility. Powder and oral liquid show a high bioaccessibility possibly because of the grinding process and the repeated extraction with ethanol. Among the three different CHMs, Isatidis showed higher bioaccessibility of As, which may be related to the sulfur fumigation process of this CHM. The three investigated CHMs were found to be safe as medicine but presented risks as supplementary food. The apparent influence of preparation procedures on the bioaccessibility of trace elements indicated that it is necessary to appropriately regulate preparation processes for CHMs.
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Costa, Sara, Cláudia Afonso, Carlos Cardoso, et al. "Towards a deeper understanding of fatty acid bioaccessibility and its dependence on culinary treatment and lipid class: a case study of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 10 (2016): 1816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003780.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe bioaccessibility of total lipids and fatty acids (FA) in raw and grilled gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was determined using an in vitro digestion model. The particular impact of grilling on the FA profile of seabream was also studied. In addition, the influence of lipid class on the bioaccessibility of each FA was analysed. Grilling did not change the relative FA profile, and only the absolute values were altered. However, the relative FA profile varied across lipid classes, being more dissimilar between TAG and phospholipids. Long-chain SFA and PUFA seemed to be less bioaccessible. Moreover, grilling reduced bioaccessibility of protein, fat and many FA, with the highest reductions found in PUFA such as the DHA. Strong evidence supporting a predominantly regioselective action of lipase during in vitro digestion was found, and the impact of this phenomenon on FA bioaccessibility was assessed.
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Lončarić, Zdenko, Vladimir Ivezić, Darko Kerovec, and Andrijana Rebekić. "Foliar Zinc-Selenium and Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Content of Zn, Fe, Se, P, and Cd in Wheat Grain." Plants 10, no. 8 (2021): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081549.
Full textAbstract:
The grain yield and concentrations of Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, and P in two winter wheat genotypes and in vitro bioaccessibility of Fe and Zn under the effect of different nitrogen fertilization and Zn-Se foliar application were evaluated. The total grain Fe, Zn, and Se concentrations, as well as Fe and Zn concentrations, after in vitro digestion were under the strongest effect of foliar Zn-Se application. On the other hand, Fe and Zn bioaccessibility (%) were under the most substantial effect of genotype. Regarding the need to increase concentrations of essential micronutrients in wheat grain, foliar Zn-Se application is a reliable and accepted agricultural practice, but to improve mineral bioaccessibility in human nutrition, foliar Zn-Se application should be combined with the most responsive genotypes. For this reason, further research on the genotype specificity of wheat regarding micronutrient bioaccessibility should be carried out.
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Arilla, Elías, Purificación García-Segovia, Javier Martínez-Monzó, Pilar Codoñer-Franch, and Marta Igual. "Effect of Adding Resistant Maltodextrin to Pasteurized Orange Juice on Bioactive Compounds and Their Bioaccessibility." Foods 10, no. 6 (2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061198.
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Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is a water-soluble and fermentable functional fiber. RMD is a satiating prebiotic, reducer of glucose and triglycerides in the blood, and promoter of good gut health, and its addition to food is increasingly frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to study its potential effects on intrinsic bioactive compounds of food and their bioaccessibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding RMD on the bioactive compounds of pasteurized orange juice with and without pulp, and the bioaccessibility of such compounds. RMD was added at different concentrations: 0 (control sample), 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin C were analyzed using HPLC, whereas total phenols, total carotenoids (TC), and antioxidant capacity were measured using spectrophotometry. After that, sample in vitro digestibility was assessed using the standardized static in vitro digestion method. The control orange juice with pulp presented significantly higher values of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity than the control orange juice without pulp (p < 0.05). RMD addition before the juice pasteurization process significantly protected all bioactive compounds, namely total phenols, TC, AA, and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant capacity (AC) (p < 0.05). Moreover, this bioactive compound protective effect was higher when higher RMD concentrations were added. However, RMD addition improved phenols and vitamin C bioaccessibility but decreased TC and AA bioaccessibility. Therefore, the AC value of samples after gastrointestinal digestion was slightly decreased by RMD addition. Moreover, orange pulp presence decreased total phenols and TC bioaccessibility but increased AA and vitamin C bioaccessibility.
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Wronkowska, Małgorzata, Dorota Szawara-Nowak, Mariusz Konrad Piskuła, and Henryk Zieliński. "Bioaccessibility of Maillard Reaction Products from Biscuits Formulated from Buckwheat Flours Fermented by Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria." Microorganisms 11, no. 4 (2023): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040883.
Full textAbstract:
The in vitro bioaccessibility of the soluble protein and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) such as furosine (an early indicator of the MR), free FIC (fluorescent intermediate compounds), and FAST index (fluorescence of advanced MRPs and tryptophan), and the level of melanoidins defined by the browning index were analyzed in biscuits formulated from raw and roasted common buckwheat flours fermented by select lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The content of soluble proteins in fermented buckwheat flour and biscuits before and after digestion in vitro was significantly dependent on the LAB applied and the type of flour used and was the highest in the digested biscuits, indicating increased bioaccessibility. Generally, in all analyzed biscuits a lower furosine content was observed as compared to control samples, and its high bioaccessibility was noted after digestion. The free FIC in biscuits was strain-dependent, resulting in low bioaccessibility with the exception of biscuits obtained from both types of flours fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus MK-10. Compared to control biscuits obtained from raw buckwheat flour, the almost twice-increased FAST index was found for samples fermented by L. plantarum IB or Streptococcus thermophilus MK-10. After digestion, at least a fivefold higher value of the browning index was noted in control and tested biscuits, indicating the high bioaccessibility of melanoidins. This study indicates that fermentation of buckwheat flours by selected lactic acid bacteria seems to be a good way to obtain a product with high bioaccessibility of MRPs. However, further research on their functional properties is needed.
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Henry Okwudili, Udeh, Duodu Kwaku Gyebi, and Jideani Afam Israel Obiefuna. "Finger millet bioactive compounds, bioaccessibility, and potential health effects – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 1 (2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/206/2016-cjfs.
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Finger millet is among minor cereal grains that are underutilised. However, over the years, research interest in the millet has increased owing to its abundance of bioactive compounds. These compounds which include, among others, ferulic acid-rich arabinoxylans or feraxans, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin have been associated with certain health promoting properties and have been found bioaccessible in the grain. Following the recent interest in natural curative substances over their synthetic counterparts in the treatment of food dependent diseases, finger millet has shown potential nutraceutical effects. Some important health effects such as antidiabetic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties have been reported in recent trials with the grain. This review emphasises the dietary fibre – arabinoxylan, and phenolic compounds of finger millet and their properties, and further discusses available evidence on their bioaccessibility and bioactivity. The information presented will further explore the potential of finger millet utilisation, its bioactive compounds, bioaccessibility, and potential health benefits, in view of stimulating further research.
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MB, Reddy. "Assessing the Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Selenium from Selenium-Rich Algae." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 5, no. 5 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000228.
Full textAbstract:
Many new selenium (Se) sources for supplementation use are emerging. The objective of this study was to test the Se bioaccessibility (BAC) and bioavailability (BA) of Se-rich algae. Algal samples were cultivated in media containing selenite or selenate then BAC and BA were compared to Se-salts and Se-amino acids from traditional supplementation. BAC was tested based on the Se solubility post in vitro digestion and BA by induction of cellular glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) in a Se deficient Caco-2 cell model. Cells treated with algae grown in selenate and selenite had a mean GPx activity that was significantly less than the SeMet treatment (P<0.05). Overall, no algae samples grown in selenite were identified as superior since no significant differences were found among the algae samples. However, the algae grown in the higher concentration of selenate (200 ppm) with no sulfite appeared to have a better BA than all other algae samples. Although Se-rich algae did not increase GPx activity as well as traditional supplementation forms, the results gave an insight for the ways to improve Se BA from this novel source. In addition, evaluation of nutritional profile of the algae will give us a greater understanding of how it can offer other health benefits for future supplementation.
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López-Gámez, Gloria, Pedro Elez-Martínez, Olga Martín-Belloso, and Robert Soliva-Fortuny. "Recent Advances toward the Application of Non-Thermal Technologies in Food Processing: An Insight on the Bioaccessibility of Health-Related Constituents in Plant-Based Products." Foods 10, no. 7 (2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071538.
Full textAbstract:
Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of bioactive compounds and micronutrients. Some of the most abundant are phenols and carotenoids, whose consumption contributes to preventing the occurrence of degenerative diseases. Recent research has shown the potential of non-thermal processing technologies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasounds (US), and high pressure processing (HPP), to trigger the accumulation of bioactive compounds through the induction of a plant stress response. Furthermore, these technologies together with high pressure homogenization (HPH) also cause microstructural changes in both vegetable tissues and plant-based beverages. These modifications could enhance carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals extractability, and/or bioaccessibility, which is essential to exert their positive effects on health. Nevertheless, information explaining bioaccessibility changes after non-thermal technologies is limited. Therefore, further research on food processing strategies using non-thermal technologies offers prospects to develop plant-based products with enhanced bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds and micronutrients. In this review, we attempt to provide updated information regarding the main effects of PEF, HPP, HPH, and US on health-related compounds bioaccessibility from different vegetable matrices and the causes underlying these changes. Additionally, we propose future research on the relationship between the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and micronutrients, matrix structure, and non-thermal processing.