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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioactive triterpene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mitova, Maya, Rilka Taskova, Simeon Popov, Ralf Günter Berger, Ulrich Krings, and Nedjalka Handjieva. "GC/MS Analysis of Some Bioactive Constituents from Carthamus lanatus L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 9-10 (2003): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-9-1018.

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AbstractSterols, triterpenes, volatiles, polar and other constituents in aerial parts of Carthamus lanatus were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 90 compounds were identified most of them new for the species. Sitosterol and stigmasterol were the most abundant of 10 sterols identified in the sterol fraction. Taraxasterol, α- and β-amyrine prevailed in the triterpene fraction. Volatiles, sterols and a fraction of the dichloromethane extract showed strong cytotoxicity (Artemia salina assay).

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2

Barre, Juanita T., Bruce F. Bowden, John C. Coll, et al. "A bioactive triterpene from Lantana camara." Phytochemistry 45, no. 2 (1997): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00805-9.

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3

Kao, Chi, Amalini C. Jesuthasan, Karen S. Bishop, Marcus P. Glucina, and Lynnette R. Ferguson. "Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, no. 2 (2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i2.65.

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Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, cancer, bioactive pathways, triterpene, polysaccharide

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4

Villanueva-Bermejo, David, Erika Vázquez, Marisol Villalva, et al. "Simultaneous Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) and Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112245.

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Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) and marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) are two rich sources of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes. The supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction of these two plants was explored at a pressure range of 25–50 MPa, 50 °C, with or without fractionation, different extraction times (1.5–4.0 h) and using ethanol as a co-solvent (0 and 10% w/w). In order to determine potential synergisms, a combined extraction (heather + marigold 50:50) was also studied. In general, higher extraction yields were achieved when the co-solvent was added. Higher concentrations of total triterpenic acids were obtained in heather extracts, specially using ethanol. The co-solvent did not increase the terpene concentration in marigold extracts. For the combined extraction, an antagonist effect in the triterpene concentration was observed in absence of a co-solvent, whereas a synergistic effect was exhibited in its presence, especially for ursolic acid. In general, the extracts showed a certain anti-inflammatory effect, although a straight correlation with the analyzed triterpenic acids concentration was not exhibited. Moreover, the combined extraction exposed a similar anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the individual plant extracts.

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Novakovic, Miroslav, Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic, Jovana Veselinovic, et al. "Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpene Ester Derivatives fromAlnus viridisssp.viridisBark." Journal of Natural Products 80, no. 5 (2017): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00805.

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6

Jamila, Nargis, Naeem Khan, Imran Khan, Amir Atlas Khan, and Sadiq Noor Khan. "A bioactive cycloartane triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana." Natural Product Research 30, no. 12 (2015): 1388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1060594.

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7

Geană, Elisabeta-Irina, Corina Teodora Ciucure, Roxana Elena Ionete, et al. "Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars." Foods 10, no. 2 (2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020267.

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Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), a popular and widely cultivated fruit world-wide, contains bioactive compounds responsible for their health benefits. Here we report the amounts of some bioactive compounds: two major triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids and t-resveratrol), together with bioactive properties of twelve apple cultivars measured by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Significant variations were found comparing the bioactive potential of the investigated cultivars. High contents of phenolic acids were identified in the Montuan, Golden Delicious and Cretesc cultivars, while the most flavonoid dominant was the Richard cultivar. Starkrimson, Jonatan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars present higher antioxidant capacity. Oleanolic acid ranged from 11 to 83 mg/g apple extract, while ursolic acid ranged from 55 to 436 mg/g apple extract, with higher amounts in Richard and Montuan cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed the discrimination of apple cultivars depending on polyphenolic and triterpene acids composition. Caffeic acid, gallic acid and epicatechin were identified as the main bioactive compounds in Starkrimson, Jonathan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were identified in high amounts in Richard, Montuan, Golden Delicious, Idared and Beliy Naliv apple cultivars. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the understanding of the bioactive composition of apples as well as the importance of their capitalization to obtain value-added products that promote human health.

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8

Ludeña-Huaman, Michael A., and Deborah A. Ramos-Inquiltupa. "Determination of the content of ursolic and oleanolic acid in the cuticular wax of fruits of different species of Rosaceae." Revista Colombiana de Química 48, no. 2 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v48n2.77046.

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Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are two widely distributed triterpenes in fruits, especially those belonging to Rosaceae family. These triterpene isomers are of great pharmacological interest due to their multiple bioactive properties. For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the content of UA and OA extracted from the cuticular wax of five highly edible fruits (quince, loquat, pear, peach and apple) all belonging to the Rosaceae family. The acids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Both UA and OA are present in all these fruits, however, UA is in greater quantities.

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9

Silva, Maria, Juceni P. David, Lidércia C. R. C. Silva, et al. "Bioactive Oleanane, Lupane and Ursane Triterpene Acid Derivatives." Molecules 17, no. 10 (2012): 12197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules171012197.

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10

González, A., N. Alvarenga, I. Bazzocchi, A. Ravelo, and L. Moujir. "A New Bioactive Norquinone-Methide Triterpene fromMaytenus scutioides." Planta Medica 64, no. 08 (1998): 769–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957581.

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11

Wang, Liyan, Liming Bai, Takashi Nagasawa, et al. "Bioactive Triterpene Saponins from the Roots ofPhytolacca americana." Journal of Natural Products 71, no. 1 (2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np078012m.

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12

Çalış, İhsan, Matej Barbič, and Guido Jürgenliemk. "Bioactive Cycloartane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from Astragalus elongatus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 11-12 (2008): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-11-1206.

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Abstract Together with two known cycloartane-type glycosides, askendosides D (3-O-[α-arabinopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-6-O-β-xylopyranosyl-cycloastragenol, 2) and G (3-O- [α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-16-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3β,6α,16β,24(R),25- pentahydroxycycloartane, 3), also a new monodesmosidic cycloartane-type glycoside, elongatoside (1), was isolated from the roots of Astragalus elongatus and identified as 3-O- [α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-cycloastragenol. All structures were unambiguously determined by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS). The isolated compounds were tested for the inhibition of proliferation and ICAM-1 expression in vitro using the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). 1 showed weak activity in the ICAM-1 assay.

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13

BARKE, J. T., B. F. BOWDEN, J. C. COLL, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: A Bioactive Triterpene from Lantana camara." ChemInform 28, no. 35 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199735222.

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14

Zhang, Shu-Yu, Yang-Hua Yi, and Hai-Feng Tang. "Bioactive Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea CucumberHolothuria fuscocinerea." Journal of Natural Products 69, no. 10 (2006): 1492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np060106t.

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15

Muhammad, Ilias, Khalid A. El Sayed, Jaber S. Mossa, et al. "Bioactive 12-Oleanene Triterpene and Secotriterpene Acids fromMaytenusundata." Journal of Natural Products 63, no. 5 (2000): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np990456y.

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16

Qiao, Jing, Jiushi Liu, Jingjing Liao, Zuliang Luo, Xiaojun Ma, and Guoxu Ma. "Identification of Key Amino Acid Residues Determining Product Specificity of 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase in Siraitia grosvenorii." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (2018): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120577.

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Sterols and triterpenes are structurally diverse bioactive molecules generated through cyclization of linear 2,3-oxidosqualene. Based on carbocationic intermediates generated during the initial substrate preorganization step, oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are roughly segregated into a dammarenyl cation group that predominantly catalyzes triterpenoid precursor products and a protosteryl cation group which mostly generates sterol precursor products. The mechanism of conversion between two scaffolds is not well understood. Previously, we have characterized a promiscuous OSC from Siraitia grosvenorii (SgCS) that synthesizes a novel cucurbitane-type triterpene cucurbitadienol as its main product. By integration of homology modeling, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we discover that five key amino acid residues (Asp486, Cys487, Cys565, Tyr535, and His260) may be responsible for interconversions between chair–boat–chair and chair–chair–chair conformations. The discovery of euphol, dihydrolanosterol, dihydroxyeuphol and tirucallenol unlocks a new path to triterpene diversity in nature. Our findings also reveal mechanistic insights into the cyclization of oxidosqualene into cucurbitane-type and lanostane-type skeletons, and provide a new strategy to identify key residues determining OSC specificity.

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17

Wanas, Amira S., Mostafa A. Fouad, Mohamed S. Kamel, Katsuyoshi Matsunami, and Hideaki Otsuka. "Bioactive Triterpene Saponins from the Leaves of Schefflera elegantissima." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 6 (2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800621.

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A new sulfated oleanane-type triterpene, and five known saponins of the oleanane-type were isolated from the leaves of Schefflera elegantissima for the first time. The structure of the new saponin was determined by spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of the isolated compounds are discussed.

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18

Ma, Yan-Yan, Deng-Gao Zhao, Ruiqiang Zhang та ін. "Identification of bioactive compounds that contribute to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of rosemary". Food & Function 11, № 2 (2020): 1692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo02448d.

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To investigate the bioactive compounds that contribute to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of rosemary, phenolics and triterpene acids were characterized and quantified using quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and enzyme assay.

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19

Cheng, Jianjun, Shu Wang, Haitian Zhao, Yan Liu, and Xin Yang. "Exploring the self-assembly mechanism and effective synergistic antitumor chemophototherapy of a biodegradable and glutathione responsive ursolic acid prodrug mediated photosensitive nanodrug." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 10 (2021): 3762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00369k.

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Self-assembled, GSH-responsive, bioactive, biodegradable natural triterpene prodrug tuned photosensitive nanocomposite UASS-Ce6 NPs with enhanced <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation and excellent biosafety for synergistically improved chemophototherapy.

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20

Mazoir, Noureddine, Ahmed Benharref, María Bailén, Matías Reina, and Azucena González-Coloma. "Bioactive triterpene derivatives from latex of two Euphorbia species." Phytochemistry 69, no. 6 (2008): 1328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.004.

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21

Sarwar Alam, M., Gurpreet Kaur, Asif Ali, Hinna Hamid, Mohammad Ali, and Mohammad Athar. "Two new bioactive oleanane triterpene glycosides from Terminalia arjuna." Natural Product Research 22, no. 14 (2008): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410701766380.

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22

Sun, Yi, Liang-liang Gao, Meng-yue Tang, Bao-min Feng, Yue-hu Pei, and Ken Yasukawa. "Triterpenoids from Euphorbia maculata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects." Molecules 23, no. 9 (2018): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092112.

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Euphorbia maculata is a medicinal plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, which can produce anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents of triterpenoids. The present study reports on the bioactive triterpenoids of this plant. Two new lanostane-type triterpenoids, named (3S,4S,7S,9R)-4-methyl-3,7-dihydroxy-7(8→9) abeo-lanost-24(28)-en-8-one (1) and 24-hydroperoxylanost-7,25-dien-3β-ol (2), together with 15 known triterpene derivatives, were isolated from Euphorbia maculata. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (UV, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR, and 2D NMR) analysis. All tetracyclic triterpenoids (1–11) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in the test of TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice. The triterpenes exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities.

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23

Zhang, Shu-Yu, Yang-Hua Yi, Hai-Feng Tang, Ling Li, Peng Sun, and Jun Wu. "Two new bioactive triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumberPseudocolochirus violaceus." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 8, no. 1-2 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020500034972.

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24

Pan, Li, Ulyana Muñoz Acuña, Heebyung Chai, et al. "New Bioactive Lupane Triterpene Coumaroyl Esters Isolated from Buxus cochinchinensis." Planta Medica 81, no. 12/13 (2015): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1546118.

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25

González, Antonio G., Nelson L. Alvarenga, Angel G. Ravelo, et al. "Scutione, a new bioactive norquinonemethide triterpene from Maytenus scutioides (Celastraceae)." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 6 (1996): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0896(96)00078-8.

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26

Nobsathian, Saksit, Torranis Ruttanaphan, and Vasakorn Bullangpoti. "Insecticidal Effects of Triterpene Glycosides Extracted From Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (2019): 1683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz075.

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Abstract Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is economically important in many countries. Many biopesticides have been developed and studied to control this pest species; however, few natural products from marine organisms have been studied for their pesticidal efficiency. This study compared the acute contact toxicity of solvent extracted from the viscera of Holothuria atra and isolated triterpene glycoside compounds on third-instar S. litura. Our results showed that crude methanolic extracts were the most toxic to the larvae (LC50 ~ 10.37 mg/ml) compared with other crude extracts and contained the bioactive compound 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (LC50 ~ 6.01 mg/ml). All crude extracts and isolated triterpene glycoside compounds inhibited carboxylesterase activity. The efficiency and effectiveness of H. atra extractions and triterpene glycoside compounds against S. litura indicate their potential use in integrated pest management programs and the overall value of marine species as natural sources of insecticidal compounds.

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27

Kim, Su-Jin, Hyun-Ja Jeong, Byoung-Jae Yi та ін. "Transgenic Panax ginseng Inhibits the Production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as COX-2 Expression in Human Mast Cells". American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, № 02 (2007): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x07004850.

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The most well-known medicinal plant, Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), contains various phytosterols and bioactive triterpene saponins (ginsenosides). Squalene synthase is a key regulatory enzyme for triterpene biosynthesis and overexpression of the squalene synthase confers the hyper-production of triterpene saponins to form transgenic ginseng. In this study, we have investigated whether and how transgenic P. ginseng modulates an inflammatory reaction in a stimulated human mast cell line, HMC-1. It was found that transgenic P. ginseng inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated HMC-1. Additionally, we have shown that transgenic P. ginseng suppressed the intracellular calcium level induced by PMACI. These results provide new insights into the pharmacological actions of transgenic P. ginseng as a potential molecule for use in therapy in mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

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Fukami, Akiko, Yoko Ikeda, Shinichi Kondo, et al. "Akaterpin, a novel bioactive triterpene from the marine sponge Callyspongia sp." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 7 (1997): 1201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00016-6.

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29

Yun, Bong-Sik, In-Ja Ryoo, In-Kyoung Lee, et al. "Two Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpene Esters from the Root Bark ofHibiscus syriacus." Journal of Natural Products 62, no. 5 (1999): 764–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np9804637.

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30

Ladhari, Afef, Anna Andolfi, and Marina DellaGreca. "Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses of Lettuce to Cleomside A: A Thiohydroximate, as a New Allelochemical from Cleome arabica L." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194461.

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The inclination toward natural products have led the onset for the discovery of new bioactive metabolites that could be targeted for specific therapeutic or agronomic applications. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from Cleome arabica L., and subsequently determine the unexplored mechanism of action of the newly identified compounds on Lactuca sativa L. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic silique extract of C. arabica afforded seven secondary metabolites belonging to different classes such as flavonoids, triterpene, and a new thiohydroximate derivative, named cleomside A. Among phytotoxic assays, the growth of lettuce was totally inhibited by cleomside A compared to the other identified compounds. This effect was associated with the increased levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide indicating disruption of membrane integrity and induction of oxidative stress. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX were also elevated, thereby demonstrating the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species upon identified allelochemical exposure. Thus, the changes caused by cleomside A described herein can contribute to better understanding the allelochemical actions of thiohydroximate and the potential use of these substances in the production of natural herbicides compared to the other identified flavonoids and triterpene.

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Mandadi, Kranthi Kiran, G. K. Jayaprakasha, Farzad Deyhim, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. "(462) Citrus and Its Putative Bioactive Limonoids: Beneficial Effects on Bone Strength." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1047D—1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1047d.

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Citrusprovedbeneficial to human health in preventing cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, anemia, and several cancers, including colon, lung, skin, stomach, and breast, in animal and cell culture studies. For the first time, current study was focused to determine whether orange juice and grapefruit juice increase bone mass in an orchidectomized (ORX) rat model of osteoporosis. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of 1) sham; 2) ORX; 3) ORX + orange juice (OJ); and 4) ORX + grapefruit juice (GJ). All rats were fed to the mean intake of the sham group and were provided with freshly squeezed grapefruit or orange juice for 60 days. There was a numerical improvement in femoral density with OJ and GJ compared to the ORX group. Ultimate bone strength and femoral cortical area diameter (mm) increased (P < 0.05) with OJ and GJ compared to the ORX group. Furthermore, bone fracture withstand threshold time(s) increased (P < 0.05) with OJ and GJ compared to the ORX group. Beneficial effects of citrus juices on bone strength could be related to its bioactive triterpene compounds and nutrient composition. Isolation of triterpenes using specific combinations of food-grade adsorbent and ion exchange resins yielded pure limonin-17-β-D-glucoside and limonin along with obacunone, nomilin, and deacetylnomilin. Identification and characterization of the isolated limonoids were performed by specific analytical techniques, such as HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR. Further studies are needed to determine the protective effects of limonoids on bone homeostasis. Funded by USDA 2001-52102-11257 and 2004-34402-14768.

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Wei, Juan-Hua, Yun-Feng Zheng, Cun-Yu Li, Yu-Ping Tang, and Guo-Ping Peng. "Bioactive constituents of oleanane-type triterpene saponins from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza glabra." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 16, no. 11 (2014): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2014.960857.

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33

Kwon, Jaeyoung, Keebeom Ko, Lijun Zhang, Dong Zhao, Hyun Ok Yang, and Hak Cheol Kwon. "An Autophagy Inducing Triterpene Saponin Derived from Aster koraiensis." Molecules 24, no. 24 (2019): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244489.

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Autophagy is an important self-degradative mechanism that plays a key role in treating neurodegeneration diseases. This research aimed at discovering bioactive compounds from Aster koraiensis. A new triterpene saponin, astersaponin I (1), was isolated from the EtOH extract of A. koraiensis. The structure of 1 was characterized by spectroscopic methods, ECD calculation, and acid hydrolysis. The biochemical analysis showed that compound 1 significantly increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II) expression in SH-SY5Y cells, which indicates the induction of autophagy. Thus, further study may be needed to clarify whether compound 1 exerts beneficial effects on neurodegeneration diseases like Parkinson’s disease through autophagy induction.

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Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Cristina Quispe, Jesús Herrera-Bravo, et al. "Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (July 24, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7571132.

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The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites’ composition and bioactive effects.

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35

FUKAMI, A., Y. IKEDA, S. KONDO, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Akaterpin, a Novel Bioactive Triterpene from the Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp." ChemInform 28, no. 22 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199722194.

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Anggraini Wulandari, Diah, Gita Syahputra, and Masteria Yunovilsa Putra. "The Bioactive Compound and Mechanism of Action of Sea Cucumber (Holothuridae) as Anticancer: A Review." Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 9, no. 3 (2020): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2020.009.03.534.

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The extreme development and resistance towards cancer drugs, and also the high toxicity, drug resistance and side effects of cancer chemotherapy drug triggers us to develop new drugs as one of the alternative substitutes or combinations of cancer drugs, one of the resources come from marine biodiversity especially sea cucumber. The bioactive compound from sea cucumber can inhibit cancer cell growth with the various mechanism. This study aims to analyze chemical composition, bioactive compound from sea cucumber to inhibit cancer cell line and to analyze mechanism of action of sea cucumber as anticancer with the most recent research studies. The result shows sea cucumber contained protein 44-82%, amino acid, fatty acid, collagen, peptide, micro essential. Each sea cucumber species produced the different secondary metabolites that can use as anticancer. Sea cucumbers contain triterpene glycosides, saponins, holothurin A, stichoposides, frondoside, cucumariosides, dsechinoside, fucoidan, triterpenoid aglycones (philinopgeni), non-glycosaminoglycan, sulfated glycans, sulfated polysaccharides, non-glycosaminosides) that can inhibit cancer cell line. Those bioactive compounds have a various mechanism such as apoptosis in cell line and mitochondria, antioxidative mechanism and membranolytic.

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Ye, C. L., Y. H. Lu, X. D. Li, D. Z. Wei, and C. S. Whitehead. "HPLC analysis of a bioactive chalcone and triterpene in the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus." South African Journal of Botany 71, no. 3-4 (2005): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30104-6.

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Hossain, Abul, Deepika Dave, and Fereidoon Shahidi. "Northern Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa): A Potential Candidate for Functional Food, Nutraceutical, and Pharmaceutical Sector." Marine Drugs 18, no. 5 (2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18050274.

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Sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) is the most abundant and widely distributed species in the cold waters of North Atlantic Ocean. C. frondosa contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, mainly collagen, cerebrosides, glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, saponins, phenols, and mucopolysaccharides, which demonstrate unique biological and pharmacological properties. In particular, the body wall of this marine invertebrate is the major edible part and contains most of the active constituents, mainly polysaccharides and collagen, which exhibit numerous biological activities, including anticancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-coagulation, antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anti- osteoclastogenic properties. In particular, triterpene glycosides (frondoside A and other) are the most researched group of compounds due to their potential anticancer activity. This review summarizes the latest information on C. frondosa, mainly geographical distribution, landings specific to Canadian coastlines, processing, commercial products, trade market, bioactive compounds, and potential health benefits in the context of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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Nora, Benrachou, Rahal Lynda, and Cherifa Henchiri. "Analysis of bioactive minor compounds in three olive oils from varieties of olive tree eastern Algerian (Bouricha, Limli and Blanquette)." Journal of Natural Remedies 16, no. 4 (2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2016/14725.

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The study of bioactive compounds on the health of the unsaponifiable fraction of three olive oils from three cultivars of eastern Algeria carried out by gas chromatography revealed the presence of 11 compounds with the predominance of b-Sitosterol, Sterol characteristic of olive oils and having a nutritional and pharmacological value. The highest content was found in Limli oil (81.59%). Two triterpene dialcohols were chromatographed with sterols (erythrodiol and uvaol), the content of which can be identified fraud and to detect whether the virgin oil is mixed with the oil of pomace. Analysis of the alcohol fraction by GPC-FID revealed the predominance of a triterpene alcohol, 24-methylene cycloarenol for the three varieties with a higher content for Blanquette (48.03%) followed by cycloarenol. For the aliphatic alcohols, the analysis shows the predominance of four alcohols with 22, 23, 24 and 28 carbon atoms whose contents are higher for Limli oil. The spectrophotometric determination of antioxidant pigments shows that Limli oil is richer in chlorophylls with an average of 13.53 mg / kg and a significantly higher carotenoid content for Bouricha and Limli (13.10 -12.82 mg / Kg). The total polyphenols were lower for Blanquette (83.36 mg / kg) compared with Bouricha and Limli (133.3 mg / kg and 121.3 mg / kg), making them more stable during oxidation storage and whose beneficial effects of olive oil are mainly attributed to these substances, in particular the antioxidant action that would protect against diseases of oxidative stress.

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Fajardo-Sánchez, Emmanuel, Vicente Galiano, and José Villalaín. "Location of the bioactive pentacyclic triterpene ursolic acid in the membrane. A molecular dynamics study." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 35, no. 12 (2016): 2688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2016.1229219.

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Palanimuthu, D., N. Baskaran, S. Silvan, D. Rajasekaran, and S. Manoharan. "Lupeol, A Bioactive Triterpene, Prevents Tumor Formation During 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Induced Oral Carcinogenesis." Pathology & Oncology Research 18, no. 4 (2012): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12253-012-9541-9.

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Stiti, Naïm, and Marie-Andrée Hartmann. "Nonsterol Triterpenoids as Major Constituents ofOlea europaea." Journal of Lipids 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/476595.

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Plant triterpenoids represent a large and structurally diverse class of natural products. A growing interest has been focused on triterpenoids over the past decade due to their beneficial effects on human health. We show here that these bioactive compounds are major constituents of several aerial parts (floral bud, leaf bud, stem, and leaf) of olive tree, a crop exploited so far almost exclusively for its fruit and oil.O. europaeacallus cultures were analyzed as well. Twenty sterols and twenty-nine nonsteroidal tetra- and pentacyclic triterpenoids belonging to seven types of carbon skeletons (oleanane, ursane, lupane, taraxerane, taraxastane, euphane, and lanostane) were identified and quantified by GC and GC-MS as free and esterified compounds. The oleanane-type compounds, oleanolic acid and maslinic acid, were largely predominant in all the organs tested, whereas they are practically absent in olive oil. In floral buds, they represented as much as 2.7% of dry matter. In callus cultures, lanostane-type compounds were the most abundant triterpenoids. In all the tissues analyzed, free and esterified triterpene alcohols exhibited different distribution patterns of their carbon skeletons. Taken together, these data provide new insights into largely unknown triterpene secondary metabolism ofOlea europaea.

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Кукина (Kukina), Татьяна (Tat'yana) Петровна (Petrovna), Дмитрий (Dmitriy) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Щербаков (Shcherbakov), Константин (Konstantin) Викторович (Viktorovich) Геньш (Gensh), et al. "BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ETHEREAL EXTRACT OF WOOD GREENING SEA BUCKTHORN HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019014340.

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The composition of lipophilic components of sea buckthorn leafy shoots, a large tonnage waste in the production of sea buckthorn oil and during renewing the cultural plantings of sea buckthorn, was studied. Tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) was used as an extraction solvent for raw materials having all the advantages of diethyl ether, but devoid of its disadvantages. It does not form peroxides and does not create increased gas content due to the higher boiling point. The chemical composition of the TBME extract of sea buckthorn leafy shoots was studied by gas chromatography–mass-spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Seventy-four neutral and thirty-eight acidic components, including polyprenols, dolichols, triterpene alcohols and acids, sterols, were identified. TBME as an extragent provides more high yields of bioactive triterpenoic acids and diols including uvaol, eritrodiol and betulin in comparison with n-hexane. These compounds can increase some useful properties of obtained extract.

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Salama, Maha M., Shahira M. Ezzat, Riham Salah El Dine, Aly M. El-Sayed, and Amany A. Sleem. "New Bioactive Metabolites from a Crown Gall Induced on an Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Tree." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 68, no. 11-12 (2013): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2013-11-1205.

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Applying a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy for the ethanolic extract of crown gall tumours induced on an Eucalyptus tereticornis tree, two new compounds in addition to a known one were isolated. The new compounds were identified as an amino acid derivative named 1-ethyl-6-(1´-methyl-1´-phenylethyl) piperidin-2-one (1) and a lanostane tetracyclic triterpene named 3β-hydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,17(20),24(28)-trien-22-oic acid (2), together with stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (3). The three compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against two human cell lines, breast (MCF7) and colon (HCT116), with IC50 values of 1.01, 1.54, and 2.15 μg/ml, respectively, against MCF7 and 3.49, 3.83, and 3.39 μg/ ml, respectively, against HCT116. Furthermore, in rats elevated levels of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDLc) were significantly reduced, while the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) was significantly increased by administration of the ethanolic extract as well as of 3. These results support a correlation between the reduction of blood cholesterol levels and improvement of colorectal cancer.

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Kolniak-Ostek, Joanna, Dagmara Kłopotowska, Krzysztof P. Rutkowski, Anna Skorupińska, and Dorota E. Kruczyńska. "Bioactive Compounds and Health-Promoting Properties of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Fruits." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194444.

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Consuming food that is rich in antioxidants reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases and oxidative stress. Fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of substances with antioxidant and pro-health properties. Such raw materials, characterized by a high content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, include pear fruits. In this study, the concentrations of bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activity in fruits of five selected pear cultivars were determined and compared. LC–MS and UPLC–PDA methods were used to determine the polyphenolic, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and triterpenoid profiles and content, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The cytotoxic activity of the test compounds was assessed against six tumor cell lines. The results showed that the major group of phenolic compounds in all cultivars was phenolic acids. In the group of chromoplastic pigments, chlorophyllide a and 9-cis-β-carotene were the major compounds, while in the triterpene group, ursolic acid was dominant. The antioxidant potential correlated with the content of polyphenols and carotenoids, and was the strongest for the ‘Radana’ cultivar. The highest antiproliferative activity in all varieties was established for bladder cancer.

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Kukina, Tat'yana Petrovna, Dmitriy Nikolayevich Shcherbakov, Nina Vital'yevna Panteleyeva, Ol'ga Iosifovna Sal'nikova, and Petr Vladimirovich Kolosov. "QUALITY AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER OIL DEODORIZATION DISTILLATE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020015909.

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The composition of the sunflower oil deodorization distillate has been investigated. 18 acidic components have been identified, more than 40% of the composition of the studied sample falls on linoleic acid with F-vitamin activity. More than 30 components of neutral nature have been found that are of interest as bioactive compounds. Of these, 10 are phytosterols, 14 are triterpene alcohols, 5 are tocopherols. The diterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids of the kauran structure found in the composition of deodorization distillate indicate that the original sunflower oil was native, since it is known that kauran derivatives are a chemotaxonomic marker of many plants of the compositae family, including sunflower. In addition to the above compounds, hydrocarbons (more than a quarter of the unsaponifiable matter), both aliphatic and diterpenic, in the studied sample, was found. Aliphatic components are predominantly unsaturated, which may indicate their artifact origin, i.e. they are the products of the dehydration of aliphatic alcohols. Phytadiene isomers, products of phytol dehydration and isomerization, have been found. The data obtained indicate the prospects for the use of oil deodorization distillate as a source of bioactive substances, cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceutical components.

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Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, Hanaa Salman Khadem, Hussein Ali Al-Saedy, Ali M. Alqahtani, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, and Jafari-Sales Abolfazl. "A review on Medicago sativa: A potential medicinal plant." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 1, no. 2 (2021): 022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0302.

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Medicago sativa (Family: Fabaceae) was used traditionally for the treatment of arthritis, kidney problems, fever, as diuretic, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, cardiotonic, depurative, lactagogue, emmenagogue, antiscorbutic and in the treatment of boils. Leaves and sprouts were also consumed as vegetable salad. The leaves or seeds were sold as bulk powdered herb, capsules, and tablets for nutritional supplement in health food stores. The phytochemical analysis of Medicago sativashowed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, lignin, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, sterols, phytoestrogens, flavones, isoflavonoids and phenolic compounds. The previous pharmacological investigation showed that the plant possessed antioxidant, antidiabetic, reproductive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, dermatological, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, immunological, cardioprotective, cytotoxic, anti-scorbutic, anti-anemic, xanthine oxidase inhibition and many other pharmacological effects. The current review discussed the bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities of Medicago sativa.

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Niego, Allen Grace, Sylvie Rapior, Naritsada Thongklang, et al. "Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5 (2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050397.

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Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.

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de Costa, Fernanda, Anna Carolina Alves Yendo, Juliane Deise Fleck, Grace Gosmann, and Arthur Germano Fett-Neto. "Accumulation of a bioactive triterpene saponin fraction of Quillaja brasiliensis leaves is associated with abiotic and biotic stresses." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 66 (May 2013): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.003.

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Yoshikawa, Masayuki, Toshio Morikawa, Hisanori Kobayashi, et al. "Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. XXVII. Structures of New Cucurbitane-Type Triterpene Glycosides and Antiallergic Constituents from Citrullus colocynthis." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 55, no. 3 (2007): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.428.

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