Dissertations / Theses: 'Biochemical parameters'

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Elting, Jan Willem. "Biochemical and neurophysiological parameters of acute brain injury." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/292068832.

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Komorowski, Michal. "Statistical methods for estimation of biochemical kinetic parameters." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2770/.

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This thesis consists of four original pieces of work contained in chapters 2,3,4 and 5. These cover four topics within the area of statistical methods for parameter estimation of biochemical kinetic models. Emphasis is put on integrating single-cell reporter gene data with stochastic dynamic models. Chapter 2 introduces a modelling framework based on stochastic and ordinary differential equations that addresses the problem of reconstructing transcription time course profiles and associated degradation rates from fluorescent and luminescent reporter genes. We present three case studies where the methodology is used to reconstruct unobserved transcription profiles and to estimate associated degradation rates. In Chapter 3 we use the linear noise approximation to model biochemical reactions through a stochastic dynamic model and derive an explicit formula for the likelihood function which allows for computationally efficient parameter estimation. The major advantage of the method is that in contrast to the more established diffusion approximation based methods the computationally costly techniques of data augmentation are not necessary. In Chapter 4 we present an inference framework for interpretation of fluorescent reporter gene data. The method takes into account stochastic variability in a fluorescent signal resulting from intrinsic noise of gene expression, extrinsic noise and kinetics of fluorescent protein maturation. Chapter 5 presents a Bayesian hierarchical model, that allows us to infer distributions of fluorescent reporter degradation rates. All methods are embedded in a Bayesian framework and inference is performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo.

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Teh, Li Ling Grace. "Psychological and biochemical parameters of stress in breast cancer patients /." Adelaide, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpst261.pdf.

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Raj, A. B. Mohan. "Biochemical, physiological and behavioural parameters as determinants of meat quality." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356925.

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Bearne, Lindsay Mary. "Rehabilitation of rheumatoid arthritis : changes in muscle, functional and biochemical parameters." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325512.

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Radoslav, Šević. "Zdravstveno stanje i kvalitet mesa svinja rase mangulica i meleza između rase mangulica i duroka." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=105499&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju utvrđivanja uticaja ukrštanja mangulice sa durokom na proizvodne i zdravstvene parametre, kao i na kvalitet mesa, a sve to uporedo sa jednom modernom plemenitom rasom svinja – veliki jorkšir. U tu svrhu formirane su tri grupe – genotipa svinja, čista rasa bela mangulica (BM), melezi duroka i bele mangulice (DBM), i čista rasa veliki jorkšir (VJ), koji su smešteni u iste uslove ishrane, nege i držanja. Svinje iz grupa DBM i VJ su znatno brže prirasle do ciljane telesne mase od 150 kg u odnosu na svinje BM. Tako je melezima duroka i bele mangulice trebalo u proseku 168 dana manje, a svinjama iz grupe VJ 288 dana manje kako bi dostigli ciljanu telesnu masu u odnosu na svinje bele mangulice u čistoj rasi. Po pitanju zdravstvenog stanja i nalaza na trupovima zaklanih svinja post mortem nisu utvrđene značajne razlike. Značajne razlike su utvrđene u hematološkim i biohemijskim parametrima i to između sve tri ispitivane grupe, ali i između različitih starosnih kategorija u okviru iste ispitivane grupe, što nam ukazuje na značaj tačnijeg utvrđivanja referentnih parametara normalnih fizioloških vrednosti hematoloških i biohemijskih parametara ne samo posebno za pojedine vrste životinja, već dakako i za različite starosne kategorije u okviru iste vrste. Meso poreklom od svinja iz grupe BM imalo je najveći sadržaj intramuskularne masnoće, i tamniju i crveniju boju, dok za njima odmah slede melezi sa značajnim razlikama između sva tri ispitivana genotipa. Nadalje, meso svinja rase bela mangulica je imalo značajno veću krajnju vrednost pH, bolju sposobnost vezivanja vode, veći sadržaj kalcijuma, cinka, gvožđa, bakra i mangana, u poređenju sa druga dva genotipa. Ukrštanje bele mangulice i duroka je imalo značajan uticaj na pojedinačni sastav masnih kiselina u mesu. Međutim, zbir zasićenih, mononezasićenih i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina je ostao nepromenjen. Meso svinja rase bela mangulica i meleza dobijenih ukrštanjem svinja rasa bela mangulica i durok značajno je nežnije – mekše. Mononezasićene masne kiseline su najzastupljenije u mesu poreklom od svih životinja, dok za njima slede zasićene i na kraju polinezasićene masne kiseline. Meso poreklom od BM i DBM je imalo značajno veći sadržaj mononezasićenih masnih kiselina, i značajno manji sadržaj zasićenih masnih kiselina u odnosu na VJ. Generalno, na osnovu svih ispitanih parametara kvaliteta polutki i mesa može se konstatovati da svinje rase bela mangulica karakteriše manja mesnatost polutki, ali i meso koje ima odličan senzorski, tehnološki i nutritivni kvalitet, dok meleze svinja dobijenih ukrštanjem svinja rasa bela mangulica i durok karakteriše veća mesnatost polutki i nešto slabiji, ali još uvek veoma dobar, kvalitet mesa, te su neophodna dodatna istraživanja kako bi smo dobili i podatake o kvalitetu suvomesnatih proizvoda. Takođe, potrebna su dodatnaistraživanja, preciznijeg karaktera u pogledu kvaliteta i ekonomičnosti proizvodnje kod autohtonih rasa, kao i preispitivanje kriterijuma selekcije koji se primenjuju kod mangulice, te parametara genetskog progresa, tj. efekta selekcije, kako bi iako autohtona uhvatila korak za opstanak ili prestiž u odnosu na moderne rase svinja.
The research was carried out in order to determine the effect of the cross-breeding of mangulets with durok on production and health parameters, as well as on the quality of meat, all along with a modern, noble breed of pigs - a large Yorkshire. For this purpose, three groups - pig genotypes, pure breeds of white mangulica (BM), meliaceae and white manguns (DBM), and pure breed, Yorkshire (VJ), were placed in the same conditions of nutrition, care and keeping. Pigs from the DBM and VJ groups increased significantly to a target bodyweight of 150 kg compared to BM pigs. Thus, mulberry and white mangulets were average 168 days less, and 288 days lower for pigs from the VJ group in order to reach their target body mass compared to white mangun pigs in a clean race. There are no significant differences in terms of health status and findings on carcases of slaughtered pigs post-mortem. Significant differences were established in the hematological and biochemical parameters, among all three groups studied, but also between different age categories within the same investigated group, which points to the importance of more precise determination of the reference parameters of normal physiological values of hematologic and biochemical parameters not only for individual species of animals, but also for different age categories within the same species. Meat originating from pigs from the BM group had the highest content of intramuscular fat, and the darker and redder color, followed by moles with significant differences between all three investigated genotypes. Furthermore, the pig meat of the white mangulce had a significantly higher end value of pH, better water binding capacity, higher content of calcium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese, compared to the other two genotypes. The crossing of white mangulce and durok had a significant effect on the individual composition of fatty acids in the meat. However, the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged. Meat of pig breeds white mangulica and molasses obtained by crossing the pig race white mangulica and durok is significantly more gentler - softer. Monounsaturated fatty acids are the most common in meat originating from all animals, followed by saturated and at the end of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Meat originating from BM and DBM had a significantly higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids, and significantly lower saturated fatty acid content than VJ. In general, on the basis of all the tested parameters of the quality of the halves and flesh, it can be concluded that the pig breeds of white mangulets are characterized by lower meatiness of the hemispheres, but also meat that has excellent sensory, technological and nutritive quality, while the piglets of pigs obtained by crossing the pig rasa white mangulica and durok are characterized by larger lean meat and slightly weaker but still very good quality of meat, and further research is needed in order to obtain data on the quality of the cream products. Also, additional ones are neededresearch, a more precise character in terms of quality and cost-effectiveness in autochthonous breeds, as well as the reconsideration of selection criteria applied to mangulas and parameters of genetic progress, i.e. the effect of the selection, in order to take an autochthonous step in survival or prestige in relation to modern pig breeds.

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Yarnall, Alison Jane. "Predicting cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using neurophysiology and biochemical parameters as biomarkers." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2278.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition with multiple associated non-motor symptoms. Of these, dementia is a frequent debilitating complication of the disorder, with significant morbidity and mortality. Some forms of mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) may represent a pre-dementia state and certain clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological parameters may increase the accuracy of prediction of cognitive decline. If validated, these markers would offer the opportunity for disease modification and therapeutic intervention at a critical early stage of the illness, when the viable neuronal population is greater. The key aim of this thesis was to characterise cognitive impairment in PD in a cohort of newly diagnosed cases, and evaluate how a panel of biomarkers correlated with cognitive phenotypes to predict risk of future cognitive decline. The main findings were that PD-MCI was common, and was associated with a distinct clinical phenotype. Memory impairment was the most common single domain affected, although the majority of those with PD-MCI were classified as nonamnestic single domain subtype. A significant correlation was found between pattern recognition memory, sensitive to temporal lobe impairments, and cerebrospinal amyloid-β 1-42 levels, thought to represent amyloid-β metabolism and deposition Both amyloid-β 1-42 and 1-40 levels were significantly lower in those with impaired cognition. In addition, short latency afferent inhibition, a neurophysiological in vivo non-invasive measurement of cholinergic function, was also reduced in participants with mild cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that cholinergic dysfunction and amyloid deposition may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of early PD- MCI. The major conclusion from this thesis is that PD-MCI is heterogeneous and more frequent than previously reported in early disease. This is associated with abnormalities of amyloid processing and cholinergic dysfunction, and may highlight those at risk of developing dementia. Longitudinal assessment of these individuals will enable us to determine and better model those measures predictive of cognitive decline at an early disease stage.

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Kunsevi-Kilola, Carine. "The effect of Rooibos on trace elements absorption and biochemical parameters-Amurine model." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1463.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master Technologiae: Biomedical Technology In the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences At the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014
Over the past few decades, it has been shown that various critical diseases including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes associated with free radical generation and low endogenous antioxidant capacity, lead to oxidative stress and cell injury. In recent years, numerous studies have also reported that antioxidants, present in various beverages, vegetables and some foods have attracted a significant research interest due to their potential benefits to human health. However, epidemiological evidence shows a correlation between the intake of food rich in antioxidants and the reduced incidence of some mortality of chronic diseases, certain cancers and coronary heart disease. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of rooibos teas (fermented and unfermented) and green tea as a comparison on the biochemical parameters and the trace element absorption in a rat model. In this study 4 groups of experimental animals were used. All groups had ad libitum access to standard rat chow. Group A, the controls (11 animals), were fed with tap water; group B (11 animals) were fed with the liquid extract of fermented rooibos tea; group C (9 animals) were fed with the liquid extracts of unfermented rooibos and group D (9 animals) were fed with the liquid extract of green tea. All groups were fed for a period of 10 weeks. After the feeding period, the animals were sacrificed by euthanization with intraperitoneal injections of pentobarbital. Blood was sampled by cardiac puncture and centrifuged to obtain the serum. Some elemental analyses were performed with X-ray emission and backscattering. ICP-OES was used to determine the magnesium content. For X-ray emission, backscattering and ICP-OES analyses, 100 μL of each serum sample in a group were added to 2 mL freeze-drying tube. Of the combined specimen, 100 μL was used for the magnesium determination by ICP-OES. The remainder of the combined serum specimens for each group were freeze-dried at -80 ºC and then pressed into a pellet. The pellet was coated with carbon and analyzed using X-ray emission and backscattering. The elemental X-rays of P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mo, Ca and Se emitted were quantified to obtain the respective concentrations. Biochemical chemistry analyses were performed on each serum sample of each animal. The biochemical parameters tested for were total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase and creatinine. The P concentration increased (p=0.028) when fed with the fermented rooibos tea liquid extract and S content increased when fed with the - the unfermented tea liquid extract (p=0.041). The concentrations of Cl and Cr were not affected (p>0.05) by any of tea liquid extracts. The unfermented rooibos tea liquid extract and the green tea indicated a decrease in the concentrations of Fe (p=0.031 and p=0.032, respectively) and Mn (p=0.041 and p=0.034, respectively). The concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cu in the serum increased when feeding with fermented rooibos tea liquid extract (p=0.024; p=0.030 and p=0.015, respectively) while Se, Mo and Mg concentrations were decreased by the liquid extracts of the fermented, unfermented and green teas (p=0.014, p=0.017 and p=0.011; p=0.024, p=0.026 and p=0.019; p=0.031, p=0.034 and p=0.025, respectively). Concerning the biochemical parameters, the total protein, globulin and the uric acid contents in the serum sample were slightly affected with the green tea extract (p=0.041, p=0.039 and p=0.047 respectively). The albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, the total cholesterol, the alanine aminotransferase and the aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were not affected (p>0) by any of the tea liquid extracts. However, the total bilirubin content was decreased (p=0.012) when feeding with the fermented rooibos group while the creatine phosphokinase and the creatinine contents were decreased (p=0.042 and p=0.033, respectively) when feeding with the unfermented rooibos tea liquid extract.

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Biermann, Kirsten. "Effects of different sedative drug combinations on echocardiographic, haematologic and biochemical parameters in cats." Hannover Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000014533/34.

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Tant, Margo Susan. "Acanthocytosis and other hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of canine hemangiosarcoma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ31904.pdf.

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Kunsevi-Kilola, Carine. "The effect of Rooibos on trace elements absorption and biochemical parameters : a murine model." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2248.

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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014.
Over the past few decades, it has been shown that various critical diseases including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes associated with free radical generation and low endogenous antioxidant capacity, lead to oxidative stress and cell injury. In recent years, numerous studies have also reported that antioxidants, present in various beverages, vegetables and some foods have attracted a significant research interest due to their potential benefits to human health. However, epidemiological evidence shows a correlation between the intake of food rich in antioxidants and the reduced incidence of some mortality of chronic diseases, certain cancers and coronary heart disease. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of rooibos teas (fermented and unfermented) and green tea as a comparison on the biochemical parameters and the trace element absorption in a rat model. In this study 4 groups of experimental animals were used. All groups had ad libitum access to standard rat chow. Group A, the controls (11 animals), were fed with tap water; group B (11 animals) were fed with the liquid extract of fermented rooibos tea; group C (9 animals) were fed with the liquid extracts of unfermented rooibos and group 0 (9 animals) were fed with the liquid extract of green tea. All groups were fed for a period of 10 weeks. After the feeding period, the animals were sacrificed by euthanization with intraperitoneal injections of pentobarbital. Blood was sampled by cardiac puncture and centrifuged to obtain the serum. Some elemental analyses were performed with X-ray emission and backscattering. ICP-OES was used to determine the magnesium content. For X-ray emission, backscattering and ICP-OES analyses, 100 µL of each serum sample in a group were added to 2 ml freeze-drying tube. Of the combined specimen, 100 µL was used for the magnesium determination by ICP-OES. The remainder of the combined serum specimens for each group were freeze-dried at -80°C and then pressed into a pellet. The pellet was coated with carbon and analyzed using X-ray emission and backscattering. The elemental X-rays of P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mo, Ca and Se emitted were quantified to obtain the respective concentrations. Biochemical chemistry analyses were performed on each serum sample of each animal. The biochemical parameters tested for were total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase and creatinine.

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Gomes, Isabele Bessera Santos. "Hematological and biochemical parameters evaluation of healthy volunteers of the Clinical Pharmacology Unit of UFC." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=70.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Os valores de referÃncia de exames laboratoriais sÃo definidos com base em critÃrios estatÃsticos para uma amostra aleatÃria de indivÃduos. Os parÃmetros de referÃncia publicados sÃo provenientes de uma variedade de amostras, incluindo doadores de sangue, participantes de exames admissionais e voluntÃrios normais que fazem exames de rotina para ensaios clÃnicos. Esta pesquisa Ã do tipo documental com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi constituÃda por 1.947 exames laboratoriais dos voluntÃrios sadios, de ambos os sexos, com idade mÃdia de 25 anos, que participaram de ensaios clÃnicos na UNIFAC, entre os anos de 1999 e 2003. Para a realizaÃÃo do estudo, foram colhidos dos prontuÃrios as seguintes informaÃÃes: dados de identificaÃÃo do voluntÃrio, alÃm dos parÃmetros hematolÃgicos e bioquÃmicos. Foram investigados setenta e cinco ensaios clÃnicos, tendo os resultados demonstrado diferenÃa estatÃstica entre os sexo, para a maioria dos parÃmetros analisados. As faixas de referÃncia foram calculadas pelo mÃtodo dos percentis, sendo encontrado os seguintes valores para a anÃlise hematolÃgica para mulheres e homens, respectivamente: eritrÃcitos - de 3,9 a 5,0 milhÃes/mm3 e 4,4 a 5,7 milhÃes/mm3; hemoglobina - de 14,8 a 15,3 g/dL e 13,6 a 16,9 g/dL; leucÃcitos - de 4.400 a 10.500/ mm3 e 4.200 a 10.100/mm3; plaquetas â de 165.000 a 397.000/ mm3 e 155600 a 354400/ mm3. JÃ para os parÃmetros bioquÃmicos, verificaram-se os seguintes valores para mulheres e homens, respectivamente: creatinina - de 0,5 a 0,9 mg/dL e 0,7 a 1,2 mg/dL; glicose - de 69 a 96 mg/dL e 71 a 100 mg/dL; colesterol - de 118 a 224 mg/dL e 112 a 219 mg/dL; triglicerÃdeos - de 38,0 a 171 mg/dL e 42 a 197 mg/dL. Os nossos achados sugerem que os valores de referÃncia dos parÃmetros investigados, para a populaÃÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza, sejam redefinidos como aqueles incluÃdos no intervalo entre os percentis 2,5o e 97o, os quais correspondem a 95% da distribuiÃÃo total dos valores de cada parÃmetro.
The values of reference of laboratorial parameters are defined on the basis of statistical criteria for a random sample of individuals. The published parameters of reference are proceeding from a variety of samples, including blood donors, participants of job admission examinations and normal voluntaries that are submitted to routine examinations for clinical assays. This research is of the documentary type with quantitative approach. The sample was constituted by 1.947 laboratorial parameters of healthy volunteers, of both genders, with average of 25 years, which had participated of clinical assays in the Clinical Pharmacological Unit (UNIFAC â UFC), between the years of 1999 and 2003. For the accomplishment of the study, the following information had been obtained from case report files: identification of the volunteer, besides the hematological and biochemical parameters. Seventy five clinical assays have been investigated. The results demonstrated statistical differences between the genders, for the majority of the analyzed parameters. The normal reference intervals have been calculated by the method of percentiles, being found the following values for the hematological analysis for women and men, respectively: erytrocytes â from 3.9 to 5.0 millions/mm3 and from 4.4 to 5.7 millions/mm3; hemoglobin â from 14.8 to 15.3 g/dL, and from 13.6 to 16.9 g/dL; leukocytes â between 4.400 and 10.500/mm3, and between 4.200 and 10.100//mm3; platelets â from 165.000 to 397.000/mm3, and from 155.600 to 354.400/mm3. For the biochemical parameters, there were found the following values for women and men, respectively: creatinine â from 0.5 to 0.9 mg/dL, and from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dL; glucose â between 69 and 96 mg/dL, and between 71 and 100 mg/dL; cholesterol â between 118 and 224 mg/dL, and between 112 and 219 mg/dL; triglycerides â from 38 to 171 mg/dL, and from 42 to 197 mg/dL. Our findings suggest that the reference values of investigated parameters, for the metropolitan population of Fortaleza, must be redefined as that enclosed in the interval between the 2.5 and 97, which correspond to 95% of the total distribution of the values of each parameter.

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Barr, Christopher James. "Biochemical Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Biomass: an Examination of Treatment Parameters and Enzyme Requirements." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372415335.

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Biermann, Kirsten [Verfasser]. "Effects of different sedative drug combinations on echocardiographic, haematologic and biochemical parameters in cats / Kirsten Biermann." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000014533/34.

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Spearman, C. W. N. "Orthotopic liver transplantation at Groote Schuur Hospital : a serial analysis of biliary cytokines and biochemical parameters." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25952.

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Orthotopic liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for many patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite advances in immunosuppression, acute rejection remains common (up to 70%) and results in significant patient morbidity. It is frequently difficult to distinguish abnormal liver function due to rejection from that due to infection, biliary obstruction or ischaemic injury without performing invasive procedures such as a liver biopsy or angiography which may be Clinically, the diagnosis of rejection is usually once the immunological process is already hazardous. made late, established. In this study, we evaluated standard biochemical parameters and cytokine concentrations (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in serial samples of bile obtained post-operatively via the Ttubes of patients following orthotopic liver transplantation in order to determine whether there are any biochemical or immunological pointers to the early diagnosis of rejection which would enable earlier administration of appropriate antirejection therapy. Biliary cytokines did not prove to be useful and reliable markers of early rejection. Serial measurement of biliary bilirubin levels showed an early and significant decrease a few days prior to rejection, and were a more sensitive marker of graft function than serum bilirubin levels.

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Cavalhieri, Jéssica Pinoti. "Balanços eletrolíticos na dieta de poedeiras em segundo ciclo sob altas temperaturas. /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153916.

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Orientador: Rosemeire da Silva Filardi
Resumo: Em diversas regiões do Brasil, o desempenho das aves é afetado negativamente pelas variações climáticas. Altas temperaturas associadas a alta umidade relativa do ar determinam muitas alterações fisiológicas, dentre elas os distúrbios acidobásicos, diminuição no desempenho produtivo das aves e na qualidade externa dos ovos. Dentro desta problemática, o estudo avaliou os efeitos de níveis do balanço parcial de cátions-ânions na dieta (Na+ + K+ - Cl-), balanço eletrolítico (BE), sobre as respostas produtivas, qualidade dos ovos, hemograma e parâmetros bioquímicos de poedeiras comerciais em segundo ciclo de produção, mantidas em condições de altas temperaturas e umidade. Cento e vinte e oito poedeiras comerciais em segundo ciclo produtivo, com 122 semanas de idade, foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, onde ciclo foi considerado como apenas uma medida repetida no tempo, composto por quatro balanços eletrolíticos (170, 220, 270, 320 mEq.kg-1), quatro repetições de oito aves cada em quatro ciclos de 14 dias, perfazendo um total de 56 dias de experimento. Ao final do experimento foram obtidas amostras sanguíneas de duas aves por parcela para determinar o hemograma e parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos. Os BE influenciaram o consumo de ração (P<0,01), a produção (P<0,05) e massa de ovos (P<0,01), tendo comportamento quadrático para essas variáveis. Considerando-se o comportamento da produção e da massa de ovos o valor médio ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In several regions of Brazil, the performance of laying hens is affecting negatively by climatic variations. High temperatures and relative humidity determine many physiological changes, among them the acid-base disturbances, decrease in the productive performance of the laying hens and the external quality of the eggs. In this problem, the study evaluated the effects of partial levels of cation-anions in the diet (Na+ + K+ - Cl-), electrolytic balance (BE), on productive responses, egg quality, hemogram and biochemical parameters of laying hens in the second production cycle maintained under high temperature and humidity conditions. One hundred and twenty-eight commercial laying hens in the second productive cycle, at 122 weeks of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design in subdivided plots scheme, where cycle was considered as only one measure repeated in time, composed of four electrolytic balances (170 , 220, 270, 320 mEq.kg-1), four replicates of eight laying hens each in four cycles of 14 days, making a total of 56 days of experiment. At the end of the experiment blood samples of two laying hens were obtained per plot to determine the hemogram and blood biochemical parameters. The BE influenced feed intake (P <0.01), production (P <0.05) and egg mass (P <0.01), with quadratic behavior for these variables. Considering the production behavior and egg mass, the mean electrolytic balance value 265.24 mEq.kg-1 provided the best result. Within the ranges of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Riggs, Amy Jo. "Calories vs. composition : the effects of dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231345.

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TITLE: Calories vs. Composition: The effect on dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women.LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine if a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, ad-libitum diet is more effective than an energy-restricted diet in promoting weight loss and improving blood lipid and insulin levels.ABSTRACT TEXT: Thirty overweight/obese (BMI: 25-35kg/m2), premenopausal women were matched for Body Mass Index (BMI) and randomly assigned to one of the two diets: (1) High Protein (HP) (30-40% protein, 40-55% fat, 10-20% CHO); (2) Energy Restricted (ER) (1200kcal/d, 20-25% fat, 15-20% protein, 55-60% CHO). Subjects were given weekly menus matching their assigned macronutrient and/or energy requirements to aid in meal planning and dietary compliance. Baseline and post-diet measures included height, weight, body composition, blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL< and triglycerides (TG)], and plasma insulin levels. There were no significant differences found among the two groups in any of the above-listed variables prior to the study. Twenty-three women completed the 6-week study (HP=11, ER= 12). Compliance to the diets was adequate as indicated by weekly 24-hour recalls and daily urinary ketone levels. Both groups lost a significant amount of weight and body fat (P<0.05), andweight and body fat losses were not significantly different between the groups. In addition, both groups experienced similar decreases in TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and insulin levels. These results indicate that a HP diet is no more effective than an ER diet in promoting favorable changes in body weight, body composition, blood lipids, and insulin levels.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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King, Judy A. "Adaptation of Striped Bass to Sea Water Following Direct Transfer from Freshwater: Morphological, Biochemical, and Physiological Parameters." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2932.

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There has been heightened interest in the biology of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) because of increased pollution in their native spawning grounds and because of their extensive use in landlocked sport fisheries. Their euryhalinity makes them an excellent species for osmoregulation studies. The objective of this research was to study the rate of adaptation of striped bass gills to sea water (3% salt) after direct transfer from freshwater using biochemical (ion transport enzyme levels), physiological (chloride efflux), and ultrastructural methods. Striped bass have specialized osmoregulatory cells located on the interlamellar and afferent surfaces of their gill filaments as shown by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM studies show that apical pit (opening of one or more chloride cells) morphology changes during sea water adaptation, and the number of apical pits increases by 32.5% after two weeks in sea water. Chloride cell size and number, extent of basolateral tubular system, and number of mitochondria per chloride cell appear to increase upon adaptation to sea water. Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity is maximal on day 3 after transfer to sea water. Studies suggest that cortisol may act as a hormonal mediator for long term adaptation to sea water. The general morphology of both freshwater and sea water adapted fish gills were studied. Preliminary studies indicate that the osmium-dimethylsulfoxide-osmium method can be used to investigate intracellular structural changes in striped bass gills. Since the chloride cells are associated with the afferent surface of the filament, the blood supply to that area is also of great interest in osmoregulation studies. Studies of the gill vasculature using corrosion casting (i.e. filling blood vessels with plastic resins) and SEM indicate that the blood vessel distribution in the striped bass gill is similar to that of other euryhaline species with arterio-arterial, arterio-venous, and nutritive pathways. Blood flow may be controlled at a variety of places by sphincters, shunts and cellular contraction. Correlation of these biochemical, physiological and anatomical measurements will aid in the understanding of the process of adaptation to sea water. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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Alabi, Toyin Dorcas. "Effect of anchomanes difformis extract on biochemical and histological parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic complications." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3074.

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Thesis (DPhil (Biomedical Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health challenges facing the world today and it is not restricted by age, gender, education or urbanisation. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The progression of diabetes mellitus leads to pathological events and alterations in many tissues of the body, thereby causing damage to these tissues and organs. Anchomanes difformis is has a strong ethnopharmacological relevance and it is known for its diverse traditional uses against hyperglycemia, kidney damage, pain, wounds, inflammation, onchocerciasis and gastrointestinal pathologies amongst others. Scientific investigations have been performed on some of these ethnobotanical claims on Anchomanes difformis using animal models. While some of these claims have been established scientifically, others are yet to be explored. In vivo experimental study on the leaves of Anchomanes difformis revealed its hypoglycemic effect, however, there is no information on the possible effect of Anchomanes difformis on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study investigated the potential benefits of Anchomanes difformis in increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in a diabetic model. The study also assessed the ameliorative effect of Anchomanes difformis in diabetes-induced damage in the organs such as the liver, heart, kidney, testis and epididymis. The first phase of the study compared the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical characterisation of three different solvent extracts; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic from the leaves and rhizome of Anchomanes difformis. All these six extracts (3 extracts each from the leaves and rhizome) exhibited antioxidant properties, however aqueous extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential, hence it was selected for further experiment in the study. Furthermore, certain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties were identified in Anchomanes difformis. The second phase of the study involved the induction of diabetes, treatment with AD and standard drug and euthanasia followed by biochemical investigations in male Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced with two-weeks administration of 10% fructose, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40mg/kgBW). Dosages of 200 and 400 mg/kgBW of Anchomanes difformis leaves extract were administered for six weeks to diabetic and normal rats which served as treatment controls. The effect of Anchomanes difformis on glycemic indices, body weights, relative organ weights, organ function markers, antioxidant statuses, inflammatory biomarkers, apoptosis and structural integrity of the liver, kidney, pancreas, testis and the epididymis were conducted. The administration of streptozotocin led to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, body weight loss, increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, reduced sperm concentration, viability and distorted sperm morphology. It also induced tissue damage in the liver, kidney, pancreas, testis and epididymis. Treatment with both doses of Anchomanes difformis improved organ functions, markedly reduced and repaired tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner and comparable to the standard drug; glibenclamide. Furthermore, Anchomanes difformis distinctly lowered blood glucose, abnormal lipid levels, enhanced antioxidant status, modulated inflammation, reduced apoptosis and increased sperm functions better than glibenclamide in diabetic rats. In conclusion, the protective and ameliorative properties of Anchomanes difformis projects it as a potential new, reliable therapeutic agent that should be explored and considered in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.

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Campelo, José Arnodson de Sousa. "Perfil bioquímico sérico de éguas gestantes e não gestantes das raças brasileiro de hipismo e bretão /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101249.

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Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto
Banca: Luiz Francisco Prata
Banca: Gilson Helio Toniollo
Banca: Adriana Alonso Novais
Banca: Fabiana Garcia Christovão
Resumo: Objetivou-se a determinação das concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, uréia, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cloro (Cl-), cálcio ionizado (Ca++) e fósforo (P) de éguas das raças Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Bretão não prenhes e prenhes, em diferentes períodos de gestação. Foram efetuadas colheitas de sangue das éguas vazias e prenhes de acordo com a raça e o período de gestação: Inicial (25 a 110 dias), intermediário (111 a 210 dias) e final (211 a 340 dias). Os íons de Na + e K+ foram determinados por meio de um equipamento seletor de íons. Para mensuração do fibrinogênio utilizou-se um coagulômetro. As demais variáveis foram dosadas através de um sistema de reagentes comerciais. As éguas não prenhes foram observadas diferenças entre as raças BH e Bretão para as variáveis albumina e bilirrubina indireta, enquanto nas prenhes ocorreram diferenças entre raças no decorrer da gestação para fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e totais, sódio, potássio, cloro, cálcio e fósforo. Detectou-se, no decorrer da prenhez, tendência a elevação dos valores de fibrinogênio e globulinas. As concentrações séricas de creatinina, fosfatase alcalina proteína total, Cl- e K+ se mantiveram praticamente inalterados durante a gestação. Os valores de AST, albumina, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, Na+ e Ca++ mostraram tendência à diminuição, enquanto as concentrações de uréia e de P flutuaram sem um padrão definido durante a gestação. As variações observadas nos parâmetros estudados refletem alterações no metabolismo e na homeostasia das raças BH e Bretão durante a gestação.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine serum aspartate amino tranferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca++) and phosphorus (P) of pregnant and nonpregnant mares of Brazilian Sport Horse (BH) and Breton breeds, in different pregnancy moments. Blood samples were obtained from pregnant and nonpregnant mares of both breeds, divided into three groups as follows: initial group - 25 to 110 days of pregnancy; intermediary group - 111 to 210 days of pregnancy; final group - 221 to 340 days of pregnancy. Na+ and K+ were determined by ionic selection. Fibrinogen was measured by coagulometry. The other values were obtained by a commercial reaction system. Comparing BH and Breton breeds, nonpregnant mares presented different serum concentrations of albumin and unconjugated bilirubin. Pregnant mares presented differences between the breeds when compared serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++ and P. During the pregnancy it was observed a tendency to increase of serum fibrinogen and globulins however serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, Cl- and K+ have not changed. Serum AST, albumin, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+ and Ca++ showed a tendency to decrease while serum urea and P values remained relatively constant during the pregnancy. Changes observed in the concentrations of the studied parameters showed metabolic and homeostatic differences between BH and Breton mares during pregnancy.
Doutor

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Gowda, Santosh. "Effect of platelet derived growth factor on healing and biochemical parameters of normal and ischemic rat skin wounds." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001147.

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Cook, Darci L. "The effect of alterations in diet composition upon anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and nutrient intakes in overweight women." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1315182.

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Thirty-seven overweight/obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2), premenopausal women that were randomly assigned to either an ad libitum low-carbohydrate (LC) (20% CHO, 30-40% protein, 30-40% fat), or an ad libitum low-fat (LF) (55-60% CHO, 15-20% protein, 20-25% fat) diet.All subjects were given weekly menus matching their assigned macronutrient requirements to aid in meal planning and dietary compliance. Baseline and post-diet measures included height, weight, body composition (DXA), blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG)], and plasma insulin levels. There were no significant group differences in any of the above-listed variables prior to the study. Nineteen women completed the 6-wk study (LC=11, LF=8). Compliance to the diets was adequate as indicated by weekly 24-hr recalls and daily urinary ketone levels. Both groups lost a significant amount of weight and body flat, (P<0.05); and weight and body fat losses were not significantly different between the groups. All groups experienced similar decreases in TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and insulin levels. These results indicate a LC diet is no more effective than a LF diet in promoting favorable changes in body weight, body composition, blood lipids and insulin levels.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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23

Pereira, Dinaelza Castelo. "Efeito dos parâmetros ambientais sobre a macroalga Gracilaria domingensis: estratégias de aclimatação e fotoproteção na espécie." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-19012015-152336/.

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Em seu habitat natural as algas estão sujeitas a ação simultânea de vários fatores, como radiação (fotossinteticamente ativa e ultravioleta), temperatura, salinidade e disponibilidade de nutrientes, entre outros. A variação desses fatores no ambiente natural ocorre de forma coletiva e uma rápida resposta do organismo é determinante pra sua sobrevivência. Neste trabalho foram conduzidos experimentos relacionados aos efeitos da variação nos parâmetros ambientais sobre a macroalga Gracilaria domingensis. Três linhagens cromáticas dessa espécie foram cultivadas no mar, em diferentes épocas do ano (estações chuvosa e seca). Os dados fotossintéticos e bioquímicos foram acessados em uma escala de tempo referente às variações observadas durante o período de luz do dia e em uma escala referente às variações observadas em semanas. Os resultados obtidos a partir de análises dos parâmetros fotossintéticos, conteúdo pigmentar, concentração de glutationa, concentração de aminoácidos tipo micosporina, conteúdo tecidual de carbono, nitrogênio e fósforo, teor de lipídeos e ácidos graxos e rendimento do ágar mostraram alterações no perfil bioquímico e fisiológico da macroalga. Essas alterações foram correlacionadas com os fatores abióticos e sugerem alterações no metabolismo como uma das estratégias de aclimatação da espécie.
In their natural habitat algae are exposed to simultaneous action of various factors, as radiation (photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet), temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and others. The variation in these factors in the natural environment occurs collectively and the algae capability for quick response is determinant for survival. In this work, studies related to the effects of environmental variation on the macroalgae Gracilaria domingensis were performed. Three chromatic strains were cultivated in the sea, at different times of the year (dry and rainy seasons). Biochemical and photosynthetic responses were accessed on a daylight time scale and on a week time scale. The reached results for photosynthetic parameters, pigment content, glutathione concentrations, mycosporine-like amino acids concentrations, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus tissue content, lipids and fatty acids levels and agar yield, revealed the altered biochemical and physiological profile of macroalgae. These changes were environment related and suggest metabolism changes as a strategy used by this organism to acclimate.

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Campelo, José Arnodson de Sousa [UNESP]. "Perfil bioquímico sérico de éguas gestantes e não gestantes das raças brasileiro de hipismo e bretão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101249.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campelo_jacs_dr_jabo.pdf: 473909 bytes, checksum: d1a2b9635a3b9f46ff0a38f20f52146c (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivou-se a determinação das concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, uréia, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cloro (Cl-), cálcio ionizado (Ca++) e fósforo (P) de éguas das raças Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Bretão não prenhes e prenhes, em diferentes períodos de gestação. Foram efetuadas colheitas de sangue das éguas vazias e prenhes de acordo com a raça e o período de gestação: Inicial (25 a 110 dias), intermediário (111 a 210 dias) e final (211 a 340 dias). Os íons de Na + e K+ foram determinados por meio de um equipamento seletor de íons. Para mensuração do fibrinogênio utilizou-se um coagulômetro. As demais variáveis foram dosadas através de um sistema de reagentes comerciais. As éguas não prenhes foram observadas diferenças entre as raças BH e Bretão para as variáveis albumina e bilirrubina indireta, enquanto nas prenhes ocorreram diferenças entre raças no decorrer da gestação para fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e totais, sódio, potássio, cloro, cálcio e fósforo. Detectou-se, no decorrer da prenhez, tendência a elevação dos valores de fibrinogênio e globulinas. As concentrações séricas de creatinina, fosfatase alcalina proteína total, Cl- e K+ se mantiveram praticamente inalterados durante a gestação. Os valores de AST, albumina, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, Na+ e Ca++ mostraram tendência à diminuição, enquanto as concentrações de uréia e de P flutuaram sem um padrão definido durante a gestação. As variações observadas nos parâmetros estudados refletem alterações no metabolismo e na homeostasia das raças BH e Bretão durante a gestação.
The purpose of this study was to determine serum aspartate amino tranferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca++) and phosphorus (P) of pregnant and nonpregnant mares of Brazilian Sport Horse (BH) and Breton breeds, in different pregnancy moments. Blood samples were obtained from pregnant and nonpregnant mares of both breeds, divided into three groups as follows: initial group – 25 to 110 days of pregnancy; intermediary group – 111 to 210 days of pregnancy; final group – 221 to 340 days of pregnancy. Na+ and K+ were determined by ionic selection. Fibrinogen was measured by coagulometry. The other values were obtained by a commercial reaction system. Comparing BH and Breton breeds, nonpregnant mares presented different serum concentrations of albumin and unconjugated bilirubin. Pregnant mares presented differences between the breeds when compared serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++ and P. During the pregnancy it was observed a tendency to increase of serum fibrinogen and globulins however serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, Cl- and K+ have not changed. Serum AST, albumin, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+ and Ca++ showed a tendency to decrease while serum urea and P values remained relatively constant during the pregnancy. Changes observed in the concentrations of the studied parameters showed metabolic and homeostatic differences between BH and Breton mares during pregnancy.

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Купина, Максим Вікторович, Максим Викторович Купина, Maksym Viktorovych Kupyna, Геннадій Федорович Ткач, Геннадий Федорович Ткач, and Hennadii Fedorovych Tkach. "Біомеханічні параметри довгих кісток скелету після перелому." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5517.

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Siebert, T. I. "A study of different clinical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome affecting ovulation induction outcome and fertility potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4076.

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Thesis (DMed (Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Chapter 1 presents a literature study on the diagnostic debate of PCOS. The literature study includes a discussion of the recent Rotterdam consensus statement regarding the diagnosis of PCOS. This is followed by a discussion on the essential work-up of the patient presenting with PCOS. Finally, chapter 1 presents a discussion on the complexity of the different variations in women presenting with PCOS. Chapter 2 is a literature review on ovulation induction methods in patients who present with PCOS. This literature study puts special emphasis on the different available methods used for ovulation induction in women with PCOS and the profounding effect weight loss will have in managing these patients. This chapter also addresses the use of newer agents, like aromatase inhibitors (Letrozole), and the current role of each of these agents in ovulation induction protocols. Chapter 3 is a literature overview on the effect of Metformin in Clomiphene-resistant PCOS women. The inclusion criteria of this review was all prospective randomized trials where Metformin was added for ovulation in the Clomiphene-resistant PCOS patient. The data is presented as a metaanalysis. Chapter 4 is a prospective randomise control trial to evaluate the benefit of metformin if added to Clomiphene in a primary ovulation induction protocol in comparison to Clomiphene alone. This chapter also evaluates all factors influencing ovulation outcome. Finally in the discussion section all the recent studies published addressing this topic were reviewed. Chapter 5 is a literature review to evaluate the classification systems for semen parameters and the in vivo fertility potential. This data is also used to establish fertility/subfertility thresholds for semen parameters. This chapter also presents the results of a prospective and retrospective study of the semen analysis of the partners of women with PCOS. We believe that this population presents the best reference group to study the semen profile of the general male population. Chapter 6 is a summary of the results of these studies and serves as an evidence based approach for ovulation induction in women with PCOS.

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Carvalho, Marcia Eugenia Amaral de. "Integrated approach of anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters for the study of tolerance mechanisms to cadmium in tomato accessions." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-09102017-172803/.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) consumption has increased every year due to the fruit attractiveness, several utilizations, and beneficial effects for human health. However, tomato fruits can accumulate a Cd concentration that exceeds the safety threshold for human consumption of vegetables, even when plants are grown in soil with acceptable Cd level. Cd is a non-essential, hazardous element to biological systems, triggering several diseases in humans. In plants, Cd disturbs the antioxidant machinery, changes the nutritional status, and impairs the photoassimilate production and/or partitioning, hence reducing fruit yield and quality. However, distinct tomato accessions can present contrasting tolerance degree to Cd toxicity, as detected by our group in previous studies. The use of these accessions is a powerful approach to identify strategies employed by plants to cope with Cdinduced challenges, and the acknowledgement of such strategies can be potentially used in breeding and biotechnological programs to improve fruit yield and quality in crops that were cultivated in contaminated fields. The set of studies that compose the present thesis aimed (i) to identify the main mechanisms for the contrasting tolerance degree to Cd-induced toxicity in tomato accessions after short and long-term Cd exposure; (ii) to evaluate the relationship among tolerance degree and fruits attributes in plants that were grown in Cd-containing soil, and (iii) to determine the transgenerational effects of Cd-induced stress. In the first experiment, nine tomato accessions with a varied tolerance degree, which was based on biomass accumulation, to Cd exposure were grown in hydroponic solution containing CdCl2 35 μM for 6 days. Avoidance of high Mg concentration in roots was identified as a plant strategy to mitigate Cd toxicity by preventing formation of root hairs. Regarding the mode of action of Cd toxicity, Mn excess in leaves, in addition to the high Cd concentration per se, seems to be coupled to leaf damages that are enhanced by the increased Zn and B concentrations in the photosynthetic tissues. In the second experiment, tolerant (Yoshimatsu) and sensitive (Tropic Two Orders) genotypes were grown in Cd-containing soil, in order to evaluated production parameters. After plant exposure to Cd, the tolerant genotype presented an increased fruit diameter, height and weight, when compared to the control plants. In both cultivars, Cd concentration varied according to the following descending order: roots = leaf blade > (floral receptacle, peduncle and sepals) > stem = fruit peel = fruit pulp. Moreover, data suggested that floral receptacle and its related-structures acted as a barrier to the Cd transportation to the fruits, but it was not enough to avoid Cd reaching the fruits. Furthermore, Cd exposure provoked remarkable reductions in the Mg concentration in roots of sensitive and tolerant genotypes, revealing that both tomato cultivars are able to employ this mechanism for plant acclimation to long-term Cd exposure. Considering such information, it is possible that, under the short-term Cd exposure, tolerant accessions activate this mechanism either early or faster than sensitive genotypes. In addition, positive transgenerational effects on seed germination and vigor of the tolerant genotype were triggered by the plant-mother cultivation in Cd-containing media, despite of the increased chromosomal abnormality. This work reported new insights about the effects of Cd exposure on tomato development, tolerance mechanisms, fruit quality and yield of tomato, as well as Cd distribution in the plants.
O consumo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tem aumentado a cada ano devido a atratividade dos frutos, suas diversas utilizações e efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana. No entanto, os frutos de tomate podem acumular uma concentração de cádmio (Cd) que excede o limiar de segurança para o consumo humano, mesmo quando as plantas são cultivadas em solo com níveis aceitáveis de Cd. Cádmio e um elemento não-essencial, extremamente perigoso para os sistemas biológicos, desencadeando varias doenças em seres humanos. Nas plantas, o Cd perturba a maquinaria antioxidante, altera o estado nutricional e prejudica a produção e /ou o particionamento de fotoassimilados, frequentemente reduzindo a produtividade e qualidade de frutos. No entanto, diferentes acessos de tomateiros podem apresentar contrastantes graus de tolerância a toxicidade gerada pela exposição ao Cd, como detectado em estudos anteriores de nosso grupo. O uso desses acessos e uma abordagem poderosa para identificar as estratégias empregadas pelas plantas para lidar com os desafios induzidos pelo Cd; e o conhecimento de tais estratégias pode ser potencialmente utilizado em programas biotecnológicos e de melhoramento genético. Deste modo, o conjunto de estudos que compõem a presente tese objetivou (i) identificar os principais mecanismos que suportam o grau de tolerância contrastante a toxicidade induzida por Cd em acessos de tomate após exposição a curto e longo prazos a este metal pesado; (ii) avaliar a relação entre o grau de tolerância e os atributos físico-químico de frutos oriundos de tomateiros cultivados em solo contendo Cd, e (iii) determinar os efeitos transgeracionais do estresse induzido por Cd. No primeiro experimento, nove acessos de tomateiro com graus variados de tolerância a exposição ao Cd, baseado na acumulação de biomassa, foram cultivados em solução hidropônica contendo 35 μM de CdCl2 durante 6 dias. O impedimento de elevada concentração de magnésio (Mg) em raízes foi identificado como possível estratégia da planta para mitigar a toxicidade de Cd, por meio da evitação da formação de pelos radiculares. Em relação ao modo de ação da toxicidade induzida por Cd, o excesso de Mn, em adição a elevada concentração de Cd, parece estar acoplado aos danos foliares que são acentuados ainda mais pelas altas concentrações de zinco (Zn) e boro (B) nos tecidos fotossintéticos de plantas sob exposição ao Cd. No segundo experimento, os genótipos tolerantes (Yoshimatsu) e sensíveis (Tropic Two Orders) foram cultivados em solo contendo Cd, a fim de avaliar os parâmetros de produção. O genótipo tolerante apresentou frutos com maior diâmetro, altura e peso após o cultivo em solo contendo Cd, quando comparado as plantas controle. Em ambas as cultivares, a concentração de Cd variou de acordo com a seguinte ordem descendente: raízes = folíolos> (receptáculo floral, pedúnculo e sépalas) > caule = casca de fruta = polpa de fruta. Alem disso, dados sugerem que o receptáculo floral e suas estruturas atuaram como uma barreira ao transporte de Cd para os frutos, entretanto, ela não foi suficiente para evitar que o Cd atingisse os frutos. Em adição, a exposição ao Cd provocou notáveis reduções na concentração de Mg nas raízes de genótipos sensíveis e tolerantes, revelando que a aclimatação das plantas depende do baixo status de Mg em tecidos radiculares. Desde que ambas as cultivares são capazes de empregar este mecanismo, os dados sugerem que, durante a exposição a curto prazo ao Cd, acessos tolerantes são capazes de ativa-lo ou mais cedo ou mais rápido do que acessos sensíveis. Ademais, efeitos transgeracionais positivos na germinação e vigor das sementes do genótipo tolerante foram desencadeados pelo cultivo planta-mãe em solo com Cd, apesar do aumento de anormalidades cromossômicas. Este trabalho reportou novos conhecimentos sobre os efeitos da exposição ao Cd sobre o desenvolvimento do tomateiro, mecanismos de tolerância, qualidade e rendimento de frutos, bem como a distribuição de Cd dentro da planta.

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Psomas, Achilleas. "Hyperspectral remote sensing for ecological analyses of grasslands ecosystems : spectral separability and derivation of NPP related biophysical and biochemical parameters /." Zürich : RSL, Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zürich, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783037030202.

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Macintyre, James Gillis. "The effect of oral arginine hydrochloride on growth hormone levels, body composition, performance and biochemical parameters in male recreational runners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26364.

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Many athletes ingest amino acids in the belief that these supplements will result in increased serum growth hormone (GH) levels, with an attendant anabolic effect and improvements in athletic performance. In order to test these hypotheses twelve moderately fit (average V02max 51.2 ml/kg/min) male recreational runners (average age 30.3 years) in a steady state of training ingested 6.0 gm arginine hydrochloride (AA) or lactose placebo (P) daily over two 7 week periods in a double blind cross-over experimental design. Comprehensive anthropometric, physiological and biochemical tests were performed before, at the cross over, and after the administration of the drugs. Data on GH response, performance and body composition was analyzed by MANOVA, and repeated ANOVAs were used for the biochemical data. Although GH levels were increased by the AA, and the GH response to AA was greater than that to P, the increases did not reach statistical significance (p=0.13). The GH response to AA was negatively related to % body fat (r=-0.60, p<0.05) and positively related to maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.69, p<0.05). Oral AA administration did not result in any significant changes in body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity, strength, or biochemical or hematological parameters. Five of the subjects reported subjective improvements in training while taking the AA. Arginine hydrochloride ingestion was associated with no significant change in plasma immunoreactive or bioactive growth hormone levels in the 12 male recreational athletes tested. No significant negative or positive biochemical, hematological, strength, body composition or performance changes were documented.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate

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Allersmeier, Maren. "Systemische Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen einer dermal verabreichten dexamethasonhaltigen Formulierung bei klinisch gesunden Pferden." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-69942.

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Da topische Glucocorticoide im Vergleich zur parenteralen Anwendung weniger systemische (Neben)Wirkungen haben können, werden sie bevorzugt in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin eingesetzt. Jedoch konnte bei vielen Untersuchungen gezeigt werden, dass topische Glucocorticoide je nach Applikationsdauer, -ort, Wirkstoffpotenz, -dosis und Behandlungsfläche ausgeprägte messbare Reaktionen wie Suppression der HHNA und der Immunzellen hervorrufen können. Beim Pferd wurden jedoch dahingehend bisher keine Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Da Glucocorticoide im Pferdesport auch dopingrelevant sind wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob nach der dermalen Applikation eines niederpotenten Glucocorticoidpräparates auf die Haut gesunder Pferde systemische Effekte auftreten können und ob ein, nach perkutaner Resorption auftretender, Wirkstoffspiegel im Blut gemessen werden kann. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation standen 10 erwachsene, klinisch gesunde Versuchspferde zur Verfügung. Die Versuchsdurchführung erfolgte in 3 Phasen. Vor Behandlungsbeginn (Tag 0) wurden von jedem Pferd die Kontrolldaten erfasst. Die Applikation der Dexamethasonformulierung erfolgte über einen Zeitraum von 10 Tagen. 2 mal täglich wurden 50 g einer 0,017 %igen Dexamethasonemulsion auf eine definierte Hautfläche (30 x 50 cm) aufgetragen. Die Blutentnahmen zur Gewinnung der Proben erfolgten am 2., 6., 8., und 10. Tag der Behandlung. Die Nachbehandlungsphase erstreckte sich über einen Zeitraum von 20 Tagen ohne die Dexamethasonanwendung. Hier erfolgte die Probengewinnung an den Tagen 3, 7, 11, 14 und 20 nach Absetzen der Behandlung. Aus den gewonnenen Plasmaproben wurden die Konzentrationen von Cortisol, Insulin, T3 und T4 mittels Radioimmunoassay bestimmt, sowie die ACTH-Konzentrationen mittels Chemilumineszenz-Enzymimmunometrischem Assay. Darüber hinaus wurden die hämatologischen und blutchemischen Parameter gemessen. Die Funktion des negativen Feetback-Mechanismus der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse wurde mittels eines ACTH-Stimulationstests überprüft. Während der Behandlung konnte eine ausgeprägte Suppression der Nebennierenrindenfunktion, gekennzeichnet durch die signifkante Abnahme der basalen Cortisolkonzentration, auf weniger als 10 % der Ausgangswerte vor der Behandlung gemessen werden. Auch der ACTH-Stimulationstest am 8. Behandlungstag zeigte einen signifikant geringeren Anstieg des Kortisolspiegels (< 50 %) als vor der Behandlung. Weiterhin kam es während der dermalen Verabreichung von Dexamethason zu einer progressiven, signifikanten Zunahme des Serumglucosespiegels bis um das 1,5 fache des Kontrollwertes. Parallel dazu stieg der Plasmainsulinspiegel um das 3-fache des Ausgangswertes vor Behandlungsbeginn. Die Plasmakonzentration von T3 zeigte einen leichten behandlungsbedingten Abfall, wohingegen der Plasma-T4-Spiegel einen deutlichen Rückgang auf 50 % des Ausgangswertes zeigte. Die endokrinologischen Veränderungen waren nach Absetzen der Behandlung alle reversibel. Weiterhin kam es zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der eosinophilen Granulozyten und der Lymphozyten, während die Zahl der Neutrophilen zunahm. Plasmakonzentrationen von Dexamethason konnten mit einem Maximalwert am 8. Tag der Behandlung (1542,10 ± 567 pg/ml) gemessen werden. Diese Ergebnisse belegen, dass bei der dermalen Applikation von Dexamethason eine perkutane Wirkstoffresorption in einem Umfang stattfindet, dass die typischen systemischen Glucocorticoidwirkungen auftreten. Es kann somit auch davon ausgegangen werden, dass die topische Verabreichung schwach wirksamer Glucocorticoidformulierungen eine gewisse Dopingrelevanz besitzt.

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Maschio, Daniel. "Avaliação nutricional do jundiás frente a dietas contendo diferentes níveis de arginina e seu antagonismo lisina/arginina." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10819.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimum addition level of arginine and the relationship of antagonism between amino acids arginine and lysine in diets for juvenile south brazilin catfish (Rhamdia quelen) for variables that were studied live performance, composition and nutrient retention, biochemical parameters , liver and digestive. The first trial lasted 45 days, was conducted in the fish farming Laboratory of Federal University of Santa Maria, in water recirculation system, using 24 280 l tanks, each equipped with two experimental units (cages with useful volume of 15 l), each unit was populated with 12 fish (initial weight of 2.00 ± 0.04 g). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of two for six, and to 4.5% and 5.1% lysine were used following arginine levels: 2.5, 3.0, 3.6, 4, 3, 5.0 and 5.6%, totaling 12 treatments with 4 replicates. The second experiment lasted 49 days, following the same methodology as the first varying levels of inclusions arginine, lysine content keeping fixed at 6.65% of the protein fraction, testing six increasing levels of arginine: 4.20, 4.65, 5.0, 5.35, 5.65 and 6.00% each with four replications. Each unit was populated with 15 fish (mean weight 0.3 ± 3.00 g). In the first study based on the results obtained by polynomial regression equations, we conclude that the combination of 5.1% to 4.6% lysine with arginine provided better performance associated with greater carcass yield and lower body fat deposition. The second study that remained fixed in 6.65% lysine (protein), found better response to the inclusion of 5.8% arginine in the protein fraction of the diet.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível ótimo de inclusão de arginina e a relação de antagonismo entre os aminoácidos lisina e arginina em dietas para juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), e para isso foram estudadas variáveis de desempenho zootécnico, composição e retenção de nutrientes, parâmetros bioquímicos, hepáticos e digestivos. O primeiro experimento teve duração de 45 dias, foi conduzido no Laboratório de Piscicultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em sistema de recirculação de água, utilizando-se 24 tanques de 280 L, cada qual equipado com duas unidades experimentais (tanques-rede com volume útil de 15 L), cada unidade foi povoada com 12 peixes (peso inicial de 2,00 ± 0,04 g). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial dois por seis, sendo que para 4,5% e 5,1% de lisina foram utilizados os seguintes níveis de arginina: 2,5, 3,0, 3,6, 4,3, 5,0 e 5,6% (da fração proteica), totalizando 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições. O segundo experimento teve duração de 49 dias, seguindo a mesma metodologia do primeiro variando os níveis de inclusões de arginina e mantendo o teor de lisina fixo em 6,65% da fração proteica, testando seis níveis crescentes de arginina: 4,20, 4,65, 5,0, 5,35, 5,65 e 6,00% cada um com 4 repetições. Cada unidade foi povoada com 15 peixes (peso médio 3,00±0,3 g). No primeiro estudo com base nos resultados obtidos pelas equações de regressão polinomial, concluímos que a combinação de 5,1% de lisina com 4,6% de arginina proporcionou melhor desempenho associado a maior rendimento de carcaça e menor deposição de gordura corporal. Já o segundo estudo que manteve lisina fixa em 6,65% (proteína), encontrou-se melhor resposta à inclusão de arginina em 5,8% da fração proteica das dietas.

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32

Talbott, Mariah Jane. "Determining morphological and biochemical parameters associated with ovarian follicular atresia and caviar quality and yield in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/talbott/TalbottM0510.pdf.

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Harvesting sturgeon Acipenseridae when the ovarian follicles have the appropriate firmness and size is important for the caviar industry in order to produce a consistently uniform product and maximize caviar yield. Therefore, it is beneficial for the caviar industry to detect fish with atretic ovarian follicles prior to harvest, which can cause a decrease in caviar grade or complete loss of the product and to harvest fish at the correct stage of ovarian maturity to produce the highest quality and yield of caviar possible. The objectives of this study were to find a parameter that can detect early signs of ovarian follicular atresia by measuring blood plasma concentrations of sex steroids and determine if correlations exist among plasma sex steroid concentrations, morphological characteristics, and caviar yield and quality. To achieve the first objective, blood and ovarian follicles were collected repeatedly from 15 fish prior to and after inducing follicular atresia. Plasma testosterone (T) was the best indicator of the onset of atresia. Logistic regression models were used to illustrate how a threshold value of T can be determined to decrease the probability of harvesting white sturgeon with atretic ovaries. To achieve the second objective, biological samples (blood, ovarian follicles) and morphological measurements were collected from white sturgeon at caviar harvest (n = 20 per month) for five months. Analyses of parameters associated with caviar quality were limited because 92% of fish produced the same quality of caviar. Plasma E2 was correlated with caviar yield, caviar yield as a percent of body weight, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), whereas T was not correlated with either caviar yield or caviar yield as a percent of body weight. Ovarian fat varied greatly among individuals. Consequently, the ovarian stage associated with caviar yield could not be determined by measuring morphological parameters indicative of ovarian maturity. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to determine if parameters differed among ovarian fat categories. In the future, this study may benefit sturgeon conservation propagation programs by improving techniques for detection of ovarian atresia and offering a less-invasive method for estimating fecundity by utilizing the correlation between plasma E2 and GSI.

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Loef, David Szeinfeld. "Investigation of some biochemical parameters relating to energy metabolism in experimental rodent tumours after exposure to ionizing radiation and magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25636.

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Reeg, Amanda Marie. "The effect of abrupt dietary alterations with and without a proprietary supplement on biochemical parameters in the cecum of the equine." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19125.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Teresa L. Douthit
Abruptly increasing concentrate in the ration of horses results in altered cecal dynamics which can culminate in digestive distress. Nine Quarter horses previously fitted with cecal cannulae were utilized for 3 consecutive 22-d experiments, each separated by 2 d of rest. During Exp. 1 and 2 horses were acclimated to the same ration for the initial 21 d of each period, followed by a concentrate challenge on d 22. The acclimation ration consisted of a morning meal of 0.5% BW concentrate (Omolene 200, Purina Animal Nutrition, LLC, Gray Summit, MO) fed with 1.5% BW prairie grass hay divided evenly between a morning and evening meal. On d 22 of Exp. 1, horses were fed a morning meal consisting solely of 1.0% BW concentrate while 1.25% BW concentrate was fed on d 22 of Exp. 2. Cecal samples were obtained through cecal cannulae from d 19 to 22 of each experiment every 4 h for h 24 following the morning meal each day. Cecal pH during Exp. 1 was recorded and decreased at h 12 following the concentrate meal on d 22 in comparison to cecal pH at h 12 on d 19 to 21 (P = 0.009). During Exp. 2 cecal pH increased at h 4 (P = 0.02) and decreased at h 12 and 20 (P < 0.0001) following this oncentrate challenge compared to cecal pH recorded at the same time points during the acclimation period. Experiment 3 differed from that of Exp. 2 only in the respect that during the acclimation period horses were fed, in addition to the acclimation ration, either a proprietary supplement (n = 5) or a placebo (n = 5). Cecal samples from d 19 to 22 were analyzed for pH, concentration of lactate, and concentration of VFA. Horses consuming the supplement had increased cecal pH at h 4 (P = 0.009), concurrently decreased cecal lactate (P = 0.02), increased ratio of (acetate+butyrate)/propionate at h 8 and 16 (P ≤ 0.006), and decreased VFA concentration at h 24 (P ≤ 0.05) compared to horses in the control group following the concentrate challenge.

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35

Grainys, Justinas. "Didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų vyrų fiziologinių bei biocheminių rodiklių kaita parengiamajame ir varžybiniame periode." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130910_155324-23569.

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Biocheminių ir fiziologinių rodiklių kitimas įvairiuose sportininko rengimosi etapuose, įtakoja sportininko savijautą, bei jo sportinės formos kitimą. Kraujo biocheminių rodiklių kaitos stebėjimas, skirtinguose rengimosi etapuose, gali užkirsti kelią sportinėm traumom, bei pagerinti sportinės treniruotės efektyvumą. Hipotezė. Darome prielaidą, jog vienkartinio raumens susitraukimo galingumas bei galingumo ištvermė priklausys nuo biocheminių kraujo rodiklių kaitos. Tikslas: nustatyti ir palyginti didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų biocheminių ir fiziologinių rodiklių kaitą parengiamajame ir varžybiniame periode. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų kraujo biocheminius rodiklius ir išanalizuoti jų kaitą parengiamajame ir varžybiniame periode. 2. Nustatyti didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų fiziologinių testų rodiklius ir išanalizuoti jų kaitą parengiamajame ir varžybiniame periode. 3. Nustatyti fiziologinių testų ir biocheminių rodiklių priklausomybę skirtingais treniruočių etapais. Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 10 didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų vyrų (amžius - 28,6 ± 4,88 m; ūgis – 200,5 ± 8,33 cm; svoris – 99,5 ± 8,5 kg; profesionali patirtis – 11,6 ± 4,14 m). Šeši iš tiriamųjų atstovauja Lietuvos krepšinio rinktinę, dalyvavę Olimpinėse žaidynėse, Pasaulio bei Europos čempionatuose. Du iš tiriamųjų yra rungtyniavę stipriausioje pasaulio krepšinio lygoje – NBA (profesionali Šiaurės Amerikos krepšinio lyga). Išvados: 1. Didelio meistriškumo krepšininkų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The changes in biochemical and physiological parameters have the influence to athletes sport performance, during preseason and competition stage. Studying blood biochemical parameters changes, in different stages of preparation, there are possibility to prevent occur of injury and also improve athlete performance. Hypothesis. We assume that changes in biochemical parameters during different stages of preparation can influence physiological tests results and athletes performance during competiion. The aim – to determine and compare the effects of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters in elite male professional basketball players during preseason and competition period. Tasks: 1. To determine biochemical blood parameters of elite basketball players, and analyse their alternation during preseason and competition stage. 2. To determine physiological tests results of elite basketball players, and analyse their alternation during preseason and competition stage. 3. To determine correlation between physiological and biochemical blood parameters, during different stages of training. Subjects: 10 professional basketball players took part in the research: (age 28,6 ± 4,88 y.; height – 200,5 ± 8,33 cm; weight – 99,5 ± 8,5 kg; professional experience – 11,6 ± 4,14 y.). Six of the subjects are members of Lithuanian National basketball team, they participated in Olympic Games, World and Europe championships. Two of the subjects played in the strongest basketball league... [to full text]

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Mauro, Manuela. "Mining extraction in the ocean depths: a baseline to understand and reduce acoustic impact on biodiversity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/144131.

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[ES] A lo largo de la historia, el hombre ha explotado los recursos minerales de la tierra para su supervivencia y desarrollo tecnológico sin un equilibrio con su regeneración. Dado el crecimiento de la población mundial y la reducción de recursos, el hombre comenzó a buscar nuevos depósitos que se encontraron en la década de 1960 en las profundidades de los océanos. Con estos, la humanidad empezò a pensar en extraer los minerales de estos depósitos y esto llevò al nacimiento de Deep Sea Mining (DSM). Las consecuencias de las actividades mineras en las profundidades del mar no se conocen realmente y los efectos pueden ser diferentes: contaminación acústica, contaminación lumínica, contaminación química, destrucción del hábitat, fragmentación del hábitat y pérdida de especies que son la base de muchos sistemas vitales. El impacto acústico de estas actividades puede tener importantes consecuencias en las especies marinas, aunque este es el tema más ignorado. El propósito de este proyecto de doctorado fue proporcionar una comprensión básica de los posibles impactos acústicos del DSM en la biodiversidad antes de que comiencen estas actividades. Para hacer esto, el proyecto de doctorado se organizó en varios pasos. Primero, durante un experimento indoor, se analizaron las respuestas bioquímicas en invertebrados sometidos a estrés acústico, Arbacia lixula y Mytilus galloprovincialis. Los resultados demostraron efectos significativos en la actividad de citotoxicidad, expresión de heat shock protein (HSPs) y actividades enzimáticas (esterasas, fosfatasas alcalinas, peroxidasas) en el líquido celomático de los erizos de mar sometidos a estrés acústico. También se observaron efectos significativos en el nivel de glucosa, la citotoxicidad y las actividades enzimáticas (esterasa, fosfatasa alcalina, peroxidasa) de la glándula digestiva del mejillón. En segundo lugar, se analizaron las respuestas bioquímicas de vertebrados e invertebrados sometidos in-situ a la emisión de watergun: Chromis chromis, Holothuria tubulosa y Arbacia lixula. Se encontraron efectos significativos sobre los niveles de cortisol en peces y las actividades enzimáticas (esterasas, fosfatasas alcalinas, peroxidasas y superoxide dismutasas) en membrana peristomial de erizo de mar. Además, las respuestas bioquímicas enzimáticas analizadas en los fluidos celómicos de los equinodermos fue significativa solo por A. lixula y solo en la activade peroxidasica. Tercero se estudiaron los cambios de comportamiento en las condiciones experimentales en juveniles de Sparus aurata sometidos a 4 frecuencias de emisión acústica diferentes. Este experimento demostró que solo las bajas frecuencias tuvieron efectos en todas las respuestas comportamental: altura de natación, motilidad y dispersión del grupo. Sobre la base de los datos de comportamiento obtenidos in vivo en peces jóvenes, se creó un modelo numérico para predecir los impactos de diferentes frecuencias de emisión acústica. Utilizando los resultados obtenidos y la bibliografía científica, se propuso un primer estándar técnico que es útil para la minería.
[CAT] A lo llarc de l'historia, l'home ha explotat els recursos minerals de la terra per a la seua supervivencia i desenroll tecnologic sense un equilibri en la seua regeneracio. Donat el creiximent de la poblacio mundial i la reduccio de recursos, l'home escomençà a buscar nous deposits que se trobaren en la decada de 1960 en les fondaries dels oceans. En estos, l'humanitat empezò a pensar en extraure els minerals d'estos deposits i aço llevò al naiximent de Deep Sea Mining (DSM). Les conseqüencies de les activitats mineres en les fondaries del mar no se coneixen realment i els efectes poden ser diferents: contaminacio acustica, contaminacio lluminica, contaminacio quimica, destruccio de l'habitat, fragmentacio de l'habitat i perdua d'especies que son la base de molts sistemes vitals. L'impacte acustic d'estes activitats pot tindre importants conseqüencies en les especies marines, encara que este es el tema mes ignorat. El proposit d'este proyecte de doctorat fon proporcionar una comprensio basica dels possibles impactes acustics del DSM en la biodiversidad abans de que escomencen estes activitats. Per a fer aço, el proyecte de doctorat s'organisà en varis passos. Primer, durant un experiment indoor, s'analisaren les respostes bioquimiques en invertebrats somesos a estrés acustic, Arbacia lixula i Mytilus galloprovincialis. Els resultats demostraren efectes significatius en l'activitat de citotoxicidad, expressio d'heat shock protein (HSPS) i activitats enzimáticas (esterasa, fosfatasas alcalina, peroxidasas) en el liquit celomático dels capellanets de mar somesos a estrés acustic. Tambe s'observaren efectes significatius en el nivell de glucosa, la citotoxicidad i les activitats enzimáticas (esterasa, fosfatasa alcalina, peroxidasas) de la glandula digestiva de la clochina. En segon lloc, s'analisaren les respostes bioquimiques de vertebrats i invertebrats somesos in-situ a l'emissio de watergun: Chromis chromis, Holothuria tubulosa i Arbacia lixula. se trobaren efectes significatius sobre els nivells de cortisol en peixos i les activitats enzimáticas (esterasas, fosfatasas alcalines, peroxidasas y superoxide dimutases) en peristomes de capellanet de mar. Ademes, les respostes bioquimiques enzimáticas analisades en els decorreguts celómicos dels equinoderms fon significativa nomes per A. lixula i nomes en l'activade peroxidasica. Tercer s'estudiaren els canvis de comportament en les condicions experimentals en jovenils de Sparus aurata somesos a 4 freqüencies d'emissio acustica diferents. Este experiment demostrà que nomes les baixes freqüencies tingueren efectes en totes les respostes comportamental: alçada de natacio, motilidad i escampada del grup. Sobre la base de les senyes de comportament obtinguts in vivo en peixos jovens, se creó un model numeric per a predecir els impactes de diferents freqüencies d'emissio acustica. Utilisant els resultats obtinguts i la bibliografia cientifica, se propongue un primer estandart tecnic que es util per a la mineria.
[EN] Throughout history, man has exploited the earth's mineral resources for its survival and for technological development without regard for their regeneration. Given the growth of the world population and given the fall in resources, man started looking for new deposits, which were found in 1960s in the ocean depths. Humankind then began to consider extracting minerals from these deposits and this gave origin to Deep Sea Mining (DSM). The consequences of mining activities in the deep sea are not entirely known and the effects can be varied: noise pollution, light pollution, chemical pollution, habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and the loss of species which we consider the basis of many life systems. The acoustic impact of these activities could have significant consequences on marine species; nevertheless, this has been the most overlooked issue to date. The aim of this PhD project was to provide baseline knowledge of possible acoustic impacts of DSM on biodiversity before mining begins. In order to do this, the PhD project was organised into 3 different stages. First, during an indoor experiment, the biochemical responses of invertebrates Arbacia lixula and Mytilus galloprovincialis subjected to acoustic stress were analysed. The results showed significant changes in cytotoxicity activity, expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and enzyme activities (esterases, alkaline phosphatases, peroxidases) in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins subjected to acoustic stress. Significant effects were also observed in glucose levels, cytotoxicity and enzyme activities (esterase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase) in the digestive gland of the mussel. Second, the biochemical responses of vertebrates and invertebrates subjected in-situ to watergun emission were analysed: Chromis chromis, Holothuria tubulosa and Arbacia lixula. Significant effects on fish cortisol levels and on enzyme activities in sea urchin peristomes were found. Furthermore, the enzyme biochemical responses analysed in the coelomic fluids of echinoderms showed significant effects only in A. lixula sea urchin and only in peroxidase activity. Third, behavioural changes in experimental conditions were studied in juveniles of Sparus aurata subjected to 4 different acoustic emission frequencies. This experiment showed that only low frequencies had effects on all the behavioural responses analysed: swimming height, motility and dispersion of the group. Based on behavioural data obtained in vivo on juvenile fish, a numerical model was created to predict the impacts of different acoustic emission frequencies. Using the results obtained and literature, a first technical standard useful for mining activities was drawn up.
The study of the Section 3.3 was supported by grants from MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Research), Fondo Finalizzato alla Ricerca di Ateneo (FFR, 2018-2021) to M.V. and by the CNR research project: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOS CONVENTION - Offshore Platforms & Impacts between MATTM and CNR-DTA, (Capo Granitola, Campobello di Mazara) Work Package E: Indepth technical and scientific evaluation of the effects on marine ecosystems of airgun technologies and the effects of a watergun The study of the Section 3.4 study was conducted in the framework of the PhD program in Mediterranean Biodiversity XXXII cycle (International) of the University of Palermo. I. Perez-Arjona, M. Bou-Cabo and V. Espinosa acknowledge the financial support of the European Comission -project 11.0661/2018794607/SUB/ENV.C2. Risk-based Approaches to Good Environmental Status (RAGES). The other founding supports come from PhD Innovative with Industrial Characterization PON 2014-2020 and the projects CAIMAR Joint Laboratory Italy-Argentina (Laboratori Congiunti Bilaterali Internazionali of the Italian National Reseach Council, 2017-2019) and BOSS – Study of bioacoustics and applications for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources (Projects of major importance in the Scientific and Technological Collaboration Executive Programmes, funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation).
Mauro, M. (2020). Mining extraction in the ocean depths: a baseline to understand and reduce acoustic impact on biodiversity [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/144131
TESIS

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37

Chow, Hsueh-Ming. "The effects of electrical stimulation and aging times on the physical, biochemical and sensory parameters of Chinese dry-cured and aged ham /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856906256732.

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Сухарєв, Анатолій Борисович, Анатолий Борисович Сухарев, Anatolii Borysovych Sukhariev, and О. П. Билык. "Изменение биохимических показателей крови родильниц, родоразрешенных путем операции кесарева сечения." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4919.

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Ayepola, Omolola Rebecca. "Effects of kolaviron–a Garcinia kola biflavonoid on biochemical and histological parameters in streptozotocin - induced diabetes and diabetic complications (nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity) in male Wistar rats." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1512.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Technology: Biomedical Technology In the Faculty of Health and Wellness At the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results in severe metabolic imbalances and pathological changes in many tissues. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Garcinia kola (Family: Guttiferae) is a plant well known for its ample medicinal values. The seed of the plant also known as ‘bitter kola’ due to its bitter taste is used as a masticatory agent in traditional hospitality, cultural and social ceremonies in Africa. Kolaviron (KV) is a defatted ethanol extract from the seeds of Garcinia kola (GK). Kolaviron has been shown in experimental models of diseases to have numerous beneficial effects due to the presence of flavonoids (mainly Garcinia biflavonoid (GB)-1, GB-2 and kolaflavanone). However, there is paucity of information regarding the possible effect of kolaviron on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of kolaviron on antioxidant status, inflammatory mediators and apoptosis. Other biochemical and histological alterations in the blood, liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were also evaluated. A single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg.b.wt.) in citrate buffer (0.1M, pH 4.5) was administered to overnight fasted rats for diabetes induction. Diabetes was confirmed by stable hyperglycemia (>18 mmol/l) in the tail blood glucose after 5 days of streptozotocin injection. Kolaviron (100 mg/kg b.wt.) was administered to diabetic rats (by gastric gavage) on the 6th day after the induction of diabetes and treatment continued for 6 weeks (5 times weekly). The effects on blood glucose, body weight, organ (liver and kidney) weight, serum biochemical parameters, oxidative status, inflammatory mediators and histology of the liver, kidney and pancreas were assessed. Kolaviron (KV) treatment lowered blood glucose in diabetic and normoglycemic rats and reduced glycated haemoglobin [HbA1C (%)]. Plasma insulin level was raised in diabetic rats treated with KV. Histomorphometric analysis of the pancreas revealed increased β-cell area of pancreatic islets of kolaviron-treated diabetic group. The indices of organ (liver and kidney) damage were increased in diabetic rats. However, KV treatment protected against liver and kidney damage. The characteristic features of diabetic dyslipidemia such as elevated serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentration which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease were also significantly reduced in KV-treated diabetic rats. Alteration in antioxidant enzymes status was observed in the liver, kidney and blood (erythrocyte, plasma and serum) of diabetic rats. Lowered catalase (CAT) activity was observed in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats while KV treatment significantly (p < 0.05) elevated catalase activity in the liver and kidney. There was no significant change (p > 0.05) in erythrocyte catalase activity among all treatment groups. Erythrocyte of diabetic rats showed a marked reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) with no significant changes in liver and kidney SOD activity of diabetic rats compared to control whereas KV administration to rats markedly increased SOD activity. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was elevated in the erythrocyte and kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats with no significant effect on liver GPX activity. KV treatment reversed the alteration in GPX activity in the kidney and erythrocyte. Level of reduced glutathione (GSH), a non-enzymatic antioxidant was decreased in the both liver and kidney of diabetic rats and treatment of diabetic rats with KV elevated GSH concentration in both tissues. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation was elevated in the liver, kidney and plasma of diabetic rats and significantly (p < 0.05) lowered following KV treatment. Diabetes induction reduced the capacity of liver and kidney to absorb oxygen radicals as demonstrated by lowered oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. KV administration to normal and diabetic rats significantly increased ORAC values. Increased rate of apoptosis, a major cellular response to high glucose induced stress was observed in the renal and hepatic tissues of diabetic control rats. Kolaviron treatment of diabetic rats protected the liver and kidney against hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and decreased the number of TUNEL positive cells A significant (p < 0.05) elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines; monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-𝛂 was observed in the liver of diabetes rats. KV treatment lowered these inflammatory biomarkers. On the other hand, the kidney of diabetic rats showed elevated concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-1β with no significant effect on kidney TNF-𝛂. An increase in the serum concentration of MCP-1 and IL-1β was observed in the untreated diabetic rats while kolaviron treatment normalized the alteration in serum concentration of MCP-1, IL-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, persistent and chronic hyperglycemia promotes the generation of free radicals and inflammatory molecules which contributes to progressive development of micro- and macro vascular complications and multi-organ damage. Kolaviron demonstrated beneficial effects on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the diabetic rats and also promoted the survival and functional integrity of the liver and kidney.

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Barbosa, Patr?cia Batista Barra Medeiros. "Estudo sobre a participa??o de roedores na cadeia de transmiss?o de Leishmania infantum (Protozoa: Trypanosomatidae) no Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12527.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
American visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by the bite of the sand flies Lutzomia longipalpis.The main domestic reservoir is the dog, while foxes and opposums are the known wild reservoirs. However, identification of natural infections with L. infantum in rodents appears for need of investigating the participation of these rodents how source of infection of the parasite. In the present work the Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in rodents captured in Rio Grande do Norte, aiming at to offer subsidies to the understanding of the epidemic chains of LVA in the State. Thirteen Galea spixii were distributed in four groups, being G1 the group control with four animals and the others, G2, G3 and G4, with three animals each. Those animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with 107 promastigotas of L. infantum and accompanied for, respectively, 30, 90 and 180 days. Weekly the animals were monitored as for the corporal weight and rectal temperature. At the end of each stipulated period the animals were killed. Blood were used for determination of the parameters biochemical and haematological, PCR, ELISA, microscopic examination and cultivation in NNN medium. Liver, spleen and lymph node were used in Giemsa-stained impression and cultivation in NNN medium. Liver and spleen fragments were still used in PCR and histopathological, respectively. At the same time 79 rodents of the species Rattus rattus, Bolomys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys nigripis, Oryzomys subflavus and Trichomys apereoides were captured in the Municipal districts of Brejinho, Campo Grande, Coronel Ezequiel, Passa e Fica and V?zea for identification of natural infection with L. infantum. Evidence of infection was checked by direct examination of Giemsa-stained impression of liver, spleen and blood and culture of these tissues in NNN medium. Antibodies were researched by ELISA. They were not found differences among the weigh corporal final, rectal temperature and biochemical and haematological parameters of the Galea spixii controls and infected. The rectal temperature of the animals varied from 36OC to 40OC. For the first time values of the haematocrit (33,6% to 42,8%), hemoglobin (10,2 to 14,5g/dl), erythrocyts number (4,67x106 to 6,90x106/mm3), total leukocytes (0,9x103 to 9,2x103/mm3), platelets (49x103 to 509x103/mm3) total proteins (1,56 to 6,06 g/dl), albumin (1,34 to 3,05 g/dl) and globulins (0,20 to 3,01 g/dl) of the Galea spixii were determined. The lymphocytes were the most abundant leucocytes. Infection for L. infantum was diagnosed in two animals euthanasied 180 days after the infection. In one of the animals was also identified antibodies anti-Leishmania. The parasite was not found in none of the five other species of rodents captured. Galea spixii are resistant to the infection for L. infantum and they are not good models for the study for visceral leishmaniose, although they can act as infection sources. More studies are necessary to determine the paper of the rodents in the epidemic chain of transmission of the visceral leishmaniose in the State of Rio Grande do Norte
A leishmaniose visceral americana ? uma zoonose causada pelo parasita Leishmania infantum e transmitida pela picada do fleb?tomo Lutzomya longipalpis. O c?o ? o principal reservat?rio dom?stico, enquanto que raposas e gamb?s s?o os reservat?rios silvestres conhecidos. No entanto, a identifica??o de infec??es naturais com L. infantum em roedores aponta para a necessidade de se investigar a participa??o destes animais como fonte de infec??o do parasita para os insetos vetores. No presente trabalho investigou-se a infec??o com parasita Leishmania infantum em roedores capturados no Rio Grande do Norte, objetivando oferecer subs?dios ? compreens?o das cadeias epidemiol?gicas da LVA no Estado. Treze pre?s da esp?cie Galea spixii foram distribu?dos em quatro grupos, sendo G1 o grupo controle com quatro animais e os demais, G2, G3 e G4, com tr?s animais cada. Esses animais foram inoculados por via intraperitonial com 107 promastigotas de L. infantum e acompanhados por, respectivamente, 30, 90 e 180 dias. Semanalmente os animais foram monitorados quanto ao peso corporal e temperatura retal. Ao final de cada per?odo estipulado os animais foram eutanasiados. O sangue colhido foi utilizado na determina??o dos par?metros bioqu?micos e hematol?gicos, PCR, ELISA, confec??o de esfrega?o sangu?neo e cultivo em meio NNN. Fragmentos de f?gado, ba?o e linfonodos foram utilizados para confec??o de l?minas por aposi??o e cultivo em meio NNN. Fragmentos de f?gado e ba?o foram ainda utilizados para realiza??o de PCR e histopatol?gico, respectivamente. Concomitantemente 79 roedores das esp?cies Rattus rattus,Bolomys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys nigripis, Oryzomys subflavus e Trichomys apereoides foram capturados nos Munic?pios de Brejinho, Campo Grande, Coronel Ezequiel, Passa e Fica e V?rzea para identifica??o de infec??o natural por L. infantum. O diagn?stico da infec??o nos animais foi realizado pelo exame direto das impress?es coradas com Giemsa e cultura em meio NNN de f?gado, ba?o e sangue. N?o foram encontradas diferen?as no o ganho de peso total, temperatura retal e par?metros bioqu?micos e hematol?gicos dos pre?s controles e infectados. A temperatura retal variou entre 36OC e 40OC. Pela primeira vez foram determinados os valores do hemat?crito (33,6% a 42,8%), hemoglobina (10,2 a 14,5g/dl), n?mero de eritr?citos (4,67x106 a 6,90x106/mm3), leuc?citos totais (0,9x103 a 9,2x103/mm3), plaquetas (49x103 a 509x103/mm3), prote?nas totais (1,56 a 6,06 g/dl), albumina (1,34 a 3,05 g/dl) e globulinas (0,20 a 3,01 g/dl) nesta esp?cie. Os linf?citos foram os leuc?citos mais abundantes. Infec??o por L. infantum foi diagnosticada em dois animais eutanasiados aos 180 dias, sendo que em um desses tamb?m foram identificados anticorpos contra o parasita. N?o foi observada positividade em nenhuma das cinco outras esp?cies de roedores capturadas. A esp?cie Galea spixii ? resistente ? infec??o por L. infantum e, portanto, n?o ? bom modelo para o estudo da leishmaniose visceral, embora possam atuar como fontes de infec??o. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para que se possa determinar o papel dos roedores na cadeia epidemiol?gica da leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

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Jia, Yang. "FORMS OF SUPPLEMENTAL SELENIUM IN VITAMIN-MINERAL MIXES DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECT SEROLOGICAL AND HEPATIC PARAMETERS OF GROWING BEEF STEERS GRAZING ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/97.

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Consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue results in a syndrome of negatively altered physiological systems, collectively known as fescue toxicosis. Another challenge to endophyte-infected tall fescue -based beef cattle operations is that the soils often are selenium (Se) poor, necessitating the need to provide supplemental Se. To test the general hypothesis that different forms of supplemental Se would ameliorate the negative effects of fescue toxicosis, predominately-Angus steers (BW = 183 ± 34 kg) were randomly selected from herds of fall-calving cows grazing an endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture and consuming vitamin-mineral mixes that contained 35 ppm Se as sodium selenite (ISe), SELPLEX (OSe), or an 1:1 blend of ISe and OSe (MIX). Steers were commonly weaned and depleted of Se for 98 d. Steers were assigned (n = 8 per treatment) to the same Se-form treatments upon which they were raised and subjected to summer-long common grazing of an endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture (0.51 ppm ergot alkaloids: ergovaline plus ergovalinine; 10.1 ha). Selenium treatments were administered by daily top-dressing 85 g of vitamin-mineral mix onto 0.23 kg soyhulls, using in-pasture Calan gates. The first project objective was to determine the effect of forms of supplemental Se on whole blood Se, serum prolactin, liver glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, carcass parameters, and growth performance (Experiment 1). In Experiment 1, whole blood Se increased for all treatments from day 0 to 22 and then did not change. Across periods, MIX and OSe steers had greater whole blood Se than ISe steer. Compared to ISe steers, MIX and OSe steers had more serum prolactin. Liver GS mRNA, protein content, and activity were greater in MIX and OSe steers than ISe steers. However, the ADG and carcass parameters were not affected by Se treatments. The second project objective was to determine the effect of forms of supplemental Se on serum clinical parameters of Experiment 1 steers (Experiment 2). In Experiment 2, across periods, MIX steers had more serum albumin than OSe, and ISe steers, respectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was greater in MIX and OSe steers. In addition, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium concentration were affected by Se treatments. Partial correlation analysis revealed that serum albumin, BUN, and ALP activity were correlated with whole blood Se concentration. The third project objective was to evaluate the hepatic transcriptome profiles of Experiment 1 steers using microarray and targeted RT-PCR analyses (Experiment 3). In Experiment 3, bioinformatic analysis of microarray data indicated that hepatic glutamate/glutamine, proline, arginine, and citrulline metabolism was affected by different forms of supplemental Se. The mRNA expression of critical proteins involved in glutamate/glutamine (GLS2, GLUD1, GLUL), proline (PYCR1, ALDH18A1), and urea (ARG1, ARG2, OAT, NAGS, OTC, ORNT1) metabolism were differentially expressed by Se treatments. Collectively, we conclude that consumption of 3 mg Se/d as OSe or MIX forms of Se in vitamin-mineral mixes 1) increased whole blood Se content, an indicator of greater whole-body Se assimilation; 2) increased serum prolactin, albumin, and ALP, the reduction of which are hallmarks of fescue toxicosis; and 3) altered hepatic nitrogen metabolism, as indicated by changes in key enzymes of glutamate/glutamine, proline, and urea metabolism. However, 4) these positive effects on metabolic parameters were not accompanied by increased growth performance.

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McFarlane, Mary. "Butylated Hydroxytoluene treatment prior to and during pregnancy in the rat : effects of subsequent exposure on hepatic biochemical and histological parameters in male offspring." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259556.

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43

Oliveira, Evelyn de. "Hematologia, bioquímica e eletroforese de proteínas séricas de tamanduás-bandeiras (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Linnaeus, 1758) em Cativeiro." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6590.

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The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), wild mammal belonging to the superorder of Xenarthras, who originally inhabited Central and South America. It is currently classified as a vulnerable species, primarily due to deforestation, fires and running over accidents. The absence of reference values for laboratory tests increases the difficulty to assess these animals, especially due to the raising number of attendances in veterinary care institutions. Given the importance of such data, the aim of this study was to establish hematological, biochemical and electrophoretic parameters for captive giant anteaters as well to know which are the effects of storage conditions in hematologic samples with two different concentrations of anticoagulants. Therefore, we used 12 clinically healthy captive animals. The samples were collected from the jugular vein into appropriate blood tubes. The blood analysis was carried out immediately after colletion and in others two different times to check the storage effects (M0 - immediate analysis, M2 - 24 hours after collection, M3 - 48 hours post-collection). Biochemical analysis was performed a week after the harvest. Electrophoresis was carried out in agarose gel support. The mean and standard deviation of haematological variables of samples processed soon after harvest were: RBC (2.07 x 106/uL ± 0.40); packed cell volume (38.08 % ± 5.93); hemoglobin (11.33 g/dL ± 2.15); VCM (186.52 fL ± 21.72); MCHC (29.68 g/dL ± 2.56); MCH (55.08 pcg ± 5.94); total leukocytes (8142/uL ± 2,441); neutrophils (5913/uL ± 2168); lymphocytes (1460/uL ± 740); eosinophils (522/uL ± 385); monocytes (247/uL ± 176); platelets (123.458/uL ± 31.362) and total plasma proteins (6.23 g/dL ± 0.49). The mean and standard deviation corresponding to biochemical analysis was: albumin (3.29 g/dL ± 0.33); ALT (15.49 IU/L ± 7.98); amylase (1037.92 IU/L ± 149.04); AST (21.12 IU/L ± 7.50); total cholesterol (62.79 mg/dL ± 20.08); HDL cholesterol (14.73 mg/dL ± 4.98); LDL cholesterol (26.60 mg/dL ± 11.05); VLDL cholesterol (2.14 mg/dL ± 1.06); CK (111.61 IU/L ± 70.16); creatinine (1.05 mg/dL ± 0.37); iron (194.64 µg/dL ± 81.17); GGT (65.18 IU/L ± 54.57); glucose (103.71 mg/dL ± 29.63); globulins (2.76 g/dl ± 0.36); lipase (28.80 IU/L ± 5.11); PST (6.05 g/dL ± 0.56); triglycerides (10.71 mg/dL ± 5.29); urea (53.46 mg/dL ± 18.28). The results of the electrophoresis led to six protein bands which are classified as albumin (2.60 g/dL ± 0.33), alpha-1 (0.33 g/dL ± 0.07), alpha-2 (0, 50 g/dL ± 0.17), beta 1 (0.62 g/dL ± 0.17), beta 2 (1.50 g/dL ± 0.25) and gamma (1.88 g/dL ± 0.30). Therefore, we conclude that there are physiological changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of giant anteaters from different biomes. In these animals the electrophoretic pattern of the technique in agarose gel are six protein bands and the percentage of albumin is greater than the other fractions. This suggests that extrinsic factors such as climate, nutrition and management can affect these variables. Therefore, the results presented in this work can be used as laboratory parameters of healthiness in cerrado captive giant anteaters.
O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), mamífero silvestre pertencente à superordem dos Xenarthras, é originário das Américas Central e do Sul. Atualmente, está classificado como espécie vulnerável, devido principalmente ao desmatamento, queimadas e atropelamento. A ausência de valores de referência para exames laboratoriais dificulta a avaliação desses animais, especialmente devido ao aumento na casuística de atendimento dessa espécie em instituições veterinárias. Dada à importância de tais dados, objetivou-se com este estudo estabelecer parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e eletroforéticos para tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro do cerrado, bem como, saber quais os efeitos de estocagem nas amostras hematológicas nessa espécie em duas concentrações distintas de anticoagulante. Para isso, foram utilizados 12 animais de cativeiro clinicamente saudáveis. O sangue foi colhido da jugular e armazenado em tubos apropriados para cada tipo de exame. Os hemogramas foram realizados logo após as colheitas e em outros dois diferentes momentos para verificação dos efeitos de estocagem (M0 – análise imediata, M2 – 24 horas pós-colheita, M3 – 48 horas pós-colheita). As análises bioquímicas foram executadas uma semana após as colheitas. A eletroforese foi feita no suporte de gel de agarose. A média e o desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas das amostras processadas logo após a colheita foram: hemácias (2,07 x106/µL ± 0,40); volume globular (38,08 % ± 5,93); hemoglobina (11,33 g/dL ± 2,15); VCM (186,52 fL ± 21,72); CHCM (29,68 g/dL ± 2,56); HCM (55,08 pcg ± 5,94); leucócitos totais (8.142/µL ± 2.441); neutrófilos (5.913/µL ± 2.168); linfócitos (1.460/µL ± 740); eosinófilos (522/µL ± 385); monócitos (247/µL ± 176); plaquetas (123.458/µL ± 31.362) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (6,23 g/dL ± 0,49). As médias e o desvio padrão correspondentes às análises bioquímicas foram: albumina (3,29 g/dL ± 0,33); ALT (15,49 UI/L ± 7,98); amilase (1037,92 UI/L ± 149,04); AST (21,12 UI/L ± 7,50); colesterol total (62,79 mg/dL ± 20,08); colesterol HDL (14,73 mg/dL ± 4,98); colesterol LDL (26,60 mg/dL ± 11,05); colesterol VLDL (2,14 mg/dL ± 1,06); CK (111,61 UI/L ± 70,16); creatinina (1,05 mg/dL ± 0,37); ferro (194,64 µg/dL ± 81,17); GGT (65,18 UI/L ± 54,57); glicose (103,71 mg/dL ± 29,63); globulinas (2,76 g/dL ± 0,36); lipase (28,80 UI/L ± 5,11); PST (6,05 g/dL ± 0,56); triglicerídeos (10,71 mg/dL ± 5,29); ureia (53,46 mg/dL ± 18,28). Os resultados da eletroforese permitiram o fracionamento de seis bandas proteicas, classificadas como albumina (2,60 g/dL ± 0,33), alfa-1 (0,33 g/dL ± 0,07), alfa-2 (0,50 g/dL ± 0,17), beta-1 (0,62 g/dL ± 0,17), beta-2 (1,50 g/dL ± 0,25) e gama (1,88 g/dL ± 0,30). Portanto, é possível concluir que existem variações fisiológicas dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos tamanduás-bandeiras de biomas diferentes. Nestes animais, o padrão eletroforético em gel de agarose são seis bandas proteicas e a porcentagem de albumina é a maior delas. Este fato sugere que fatores extrínsecos como o clima, a nutrição e o manejo possam interferir nessas variáveis. Por isso, propor valores de referências obtidos de espécies análogas é necessário. Os resultados apresentados pelo presente trabalho podem ser utilizados como parâmetros laboratoriais de higidez em tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro do cerrado

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Ayeleso, Ademola Olabode. "Influence of two plant products (red palm oil and rooibos) on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia and its implications on antioxidant status and other biochemical parameters in an animal model." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1517.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Technology: Biomedical Technology In the Faculty of Health and Wellness At the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2012
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem not only in urban, but also in the rural areas and is diagnosed by the presence of high glucose levels in the blood. Oxidative stress is known to be actively involved in the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications. Antioxidants have important roles in biological systems by scavenging free radicals which may result in oxidative damage of biological molecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Red palm oil, originally from the tropical area of Africa, generally consumed as cooking oil, is known to have some beneficial health effects due to the presence of lipid soluble antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols. It also contains almost an equal proportion of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which makes it distinctive from other vegetable oils. Rooibos, on the other hand, is grown in the Cederberg area of the Western Cape in South Africa and it is commonly consumed as a beverage. It contains a complex profile of water soluble antioxidants (flavonoids) and its health promoting potentials have been reported extensively. Some of the flavonoids present in rooibos include aspalathin, nothofagin, quercetin, rutin and orientin. The objective of this research project was to examine the potential beneficial effects of the dietary intake of red palm oil and rooibos on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia and its influence on the antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in male Wistar rats. The preliminary phase of this study was designed to investigate the biochemical effects of these two plant products at different dosages following consumption for a period of 7 weeks. The preliminary study did not reveal any adverse effects of the different dosages of red palm oil (1 ml, 2 ml and 4 ml) and rooibos (2%, 4% and 6%) on the experimental rats following dietary intake for 7 weeks. However, these natural products showed an improvement in the antioxidant status of the rats at the different doses. Using a single dose each of both plant products from the preliminary study, the main study was performed to investigate the influence of these two plant products singly and in combination on the blood and liver of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic male Wistar rats. In the main study, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) through intramuscular injection was used for the induction of diabetes which was confirmed by the presence of high blood glucose after 72 hours. Red palm oil or rooibos extract alone did not have any effect on the control of blood glucose in the diabetic rats. The dietary intake of the combined treatment with red palm and rooibos had more health promoting effects on the diabetic rats which included a decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, fructosamine and increased insulin levels. There was a marked increase in liver glycogen levels in all the diabetic groups. Treatment with rooibos alone showed a decrease in glycogen levels in the diabetic rats. The presence of liver enzymes in the serum, commonly used as indicators of liver damage was increased in all the diabetic rats. However, the combined treatment of diabetic rats with red palm oil and rooibos protected the liver from injury. Red palm oil improved high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-cholesterol) in the diabetic rats. There was no effect on the activity of glucokinase, the first enzyme in the the glycolytic pathway in both the untreated and treated diabetic rats. However, the activity of pyruvate kinase, the last enzyme in the glycolytic pathway was reduced in all the diabetic groups. The combined treatment with both red palm and rooibos increased the activity of pyruvate kinase. Oxidative stress was confirmed in the diabetic rats with an increase in the plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Treatment of diabetic rats with rooibos and the combination of red palm oil and rooibos brought plasma TBARS to a level that was not significantly different from the normal control group. There was a non-significant reduction of total glutathione in the non-treated and treated diabetic groups. A non-significant increase in the activity of liver catalase was observed in all the treated diabetic groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the liver of diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with red palm oil, rooibos and the combined treatment showed an increased activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver. Red palm oil and the combined treatment increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in both the red blood cells and liver of diabetic rats. Red palm oil, rooibos and their combined treatments also improved the plasma antioxidant capacity such as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen reducing absorbance capacity (ORAC) in the diabetic rats. In conclusion, oxidative stress is actively involved in the progression of diabetes mellitus. Red palm oil and rooibos, most especially their combined treatment showed significant beneficial health promoting effects in the diabetic rats. The remarkable effects of the combined treatment of red palm oil and rooibos in the diabetic rats could be due to their antioxidant profiles. Based on the findings from this study, it can be adduced that these plant products could help in the management of diabetes and its complications and therefore, suggested the need for further research studies on antioxidant therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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45

Indras, Denise Michelle. "Estudo da toxicidade de garrafada de uso popular." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2957.

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The popular use of medicinal plants are common practices and among them is a bottle, a multiple plant base product, which promises to cure various diseases. Many animal studies show in hepatic, renal enzymes and our hematological parameters after administration of plant extracts. The objective of this study was to verify a correlation between the use of multiple medicinal plants with hepatic, renal and hematological found in a patient that made use of bottle, composed of echinacea, graviola, ipé purple, sucupira and cat's claw. The bottle has 4.32 mg.mL-1 of alcohol. Pharmacological and UV/Scan tests were performed, showing some classes of secondary metabolites in plant and bottle species. A bioassay was performed with Artemia salina, and a bottle had mortality up to a concentration of 0.1 mg.mL-1. Cytotoxic effects on erythrocytes revealed hemolytic activity for echinacea, graviola, purple ipe and sucupira. The Escherichia coli test showed sensitivity to graviola, purple ipe, sucupira and cat's claw. In vivo experiment using mice. Two treatments were performed, single dose and 30 days, administering water, alcohol and bottle by gavage. Biochemical, coagulation, hematological and histopathological parameters were evaluated. In the single dose treatment were alterations of uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, iron and glucose (p<0.05). Already in the treatment of 30 days were alterations of uric acid, total and indirect bilirubins, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglycerides, red blood cells and leukocytes (p<0.05), beyond hepatic sinusoidal dilatation. The data showed that the alcohol present in the bottle can alter biochemical, hematological parameters and cause liver damage in rats. The bottle, although not showing alterations in important biochemical and hematological parameters, but had more pronounced hepatic histopathological alterations.
O uso popular de plantas medicinais são práticas comuns e entre elas está a garrafada, produto a base de múltiplas plantas, que promete curar várias doenças. Muitos estudos com animais mostram alterações em enzimas hepáticas, renais e nos parâmetros hematológicos após administração de extratos vegetais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a correlação entre o uso de múltiplas plantas medicinais com as alterações hepáticas, renais e hematológicas encontradas em um paciente que fez uso de garrafada, composta por equinácea, graviola, ipê roxo, sucupira e unha de gato. A garrafada possui 4,32 mg.mL-1 de álcool. Foram realizados testes farmacognósticos e UV/Varredura, mostrando algumas classes de metabólitos secundários nas espécies vegetais e na garrafada. Foi realizado bioensaio com Artemia salina, e a garrafada teve mortalidade até a concentração de 0,1 mg.mL-1. Efeitos citotóxicos em eritrócitos revelaram atividade hemolítica para equinácea, graviola, ipê roxo e sucupira. O teste com Escherichia coli mostrou sensibilidade para graviola, ipê roxo, sucupira e unha de gato. No experimento in vivo utilizando ratos Wistar foram realizados dois tratamentos, dose única e 30 dias, administrando água, álcool e garrafada por gavagem. Foram avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos, de coagulação, hematológicos e histopatológicos. No tratamento com dose única foram encontradas alterações de ácido úrico, colesterol, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, ferro e glicose (p<0,05). Já no tratamento de 30 dias foram encontradas alterações de ácido úrico, bilirubinas total e indireta, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, glicose, triglicerídeos, hemácias e leucócitos (p<0,05), além de dilatação sinusoidal hepática. Os dados mostraram que o álcool presente na garrafada pode alterar parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e causar danos ao fígado de ratos. A garrafada, apesar de não mostrar alterações em parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos importantes, teve alterações histopatológicas hepáticas mais pronunciadas.

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46

Porto, Marcelo. "Efeito de um programa de treinamento resistido na composição corporal, força muscular e parâmetros bioquímicos em crianças pré-púberes com obesidade." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2011. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/172.

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Introduction: Obesity affects a large part of the world population, with impact also in childhood. Research has shown that resistance training (RT) has significant role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its consequences on health and quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a program of resistance training on body composition, muscle strength and biochemical parameters of children with obesity. Methods: seven male children, aged between 9 and 10 years (mean 10.2 ± 0.8 years), classified as stage 1 of the Tanner scale, were submited to a RT program during 10 weeks, relative intensity between 45-65% of one maximum repetition (RM) and three times weekly. Evaluations were made of muscle strength (10 RM), body composition (body fat percentage by skinfold thickness and ultrasonic evaluation), lipid profile [(total cholesterol, triglycerides fraction of low-density cholesterol (LDL) cholesterol and fraction high-density lipoprotein (HDL)], blood glucose and oxidative stress indicators (Malondialdehyde - MDA and total anti-oxidant defense - TEAC) in the pre and post training. Foi employed Student's t test for paired data for the analysis of means and standard deviations and nonparametric statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney test for determining the differences between to mean values before and after training. Admitted to the significance level for p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: We observed an average increase of 40.25% ± 25.87% in muscle strength, the highest increase was in the gastrocnemius muscles 95% (pre = 15.11 ± 1.02 kg, post = 29.28 ± 4, 49kg, P = 0.001), and a smallest increase in the triceps (11%) (pre = 26.42 ± 6.27 kg, post = 29.28 ± 7.32 kg, P = 0.05). The body composition assessed by ultrasound, a significant reduction of 11% in triceps skinfold thickness, and 6.15% (P = 0.003) subscapular. Biochemical parameters a significant reduction of 26.6% in the levels triglycerides (pre = 93.42 ± 41.76, post = 68.57 ± 20.41 mg /dL, p = 0.01), 6 7% (pre = 80.71 ± 4.49, post = 75.28 ± 4.42 mg /dL, p = 0.03) in the blood glucose, significant increase of 10.5% in HDL (pre = 50.42 ± 12.34, post = 55.71 ± 10.01 mg /dL, p = 0, 01) and 1.61% in TEAC (pre = 2.48 ± 0.02, post = 2 , 52 ± 0.03 nM/L, p = 0.01). The analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation (r = 0.91, p = 0.003) between total cholesterol and LDLc, and negative correlation between triglycerides and TEAC (r = -0.84, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Were also observed resistance training program is effective in inducing positive changes in body composition, such as reducing fat, increasing muscle strength, positive changes in indicators of glucose and lipid profile and improves the body's protection against radicals free and in prepubertal children with obesity.
Introdução: A obesidade atinge grande parte da população mundial, com impacto também na infância. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que o treinamento resistido apresenta papel significativo na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade e de suas conseqüências sobre a saúde e qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do programa de treinamento resistido sobre a composição corporal, força muscular e parâmetros bioquímicos de crianças com obesidade. Metodologia: Foram estudadas sete crianças do sexo masculino, participantes de um grupo de reeducação alimentar da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São José do Rio Preto, com idade entre 9 e 10 anos (média de 10,2 ± 0,8 anos), classificados no estágio 1 da escala de Tanner, submetidas a um programa de TR com duração de 10 semanas, com intensidade relativa entre 45-65% de uma repetição máxima (RM) e freqüência semanal de três vezes. Foram realizadas avaliações da força muscular (Teste de 10 RM), composição corporal (percentual de gordura corporal por avaliação ultrassônica e dobras cutâneas), perfil lipídico [(colesterol total, triglicérides, fração de colesterol de baixa densidade (LDLc) e fração de colesterol de alta densidade (HDLc)], glicemia e indicadores de estresse oxidativo (Malondialdeído - MDA e defesa total anti-oxidante TEAC) nos períodos pré e pós treinamento. Foi empregado teste t de student para dados pareados para análise das médias e desvios padrão, análise não paramétrica, utilizando teste de Mann-Whitney para determinação das diferenças entre os valores médios pré e pós treinamento. Admitiu-se nível de signifcância para valor-P≤0,05. Resultados: Foi observado aumento médio de 40,25% ± 25,87% na força muscular, com destaque para os músculos gastrocnêmios com maior aumento 95% (pré=15,11 ± 1,02kg; pós=29,28 ± 4,49kg, P=0,001), e tríceps menor aumento (11%) (pré=26,42 ± 6,27kg; pós=29,28 ± 7,32kg, P=0,05). Na composição corporal, a avaliação pelo ultra som mostrou redução significante de 11% (P=0,02) na espessura das dobras cutâneas triciptais, e de 6,15% (P=0,003) subescapulares. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos foi observada redução significante de 26,6% nos níveis séricos de triglicérides (pré=93,42 ± 41,76 ; pós=68,57 ± 20,41 mg/dL, p=0,01), 6,7% (pré= 80,71 ± 4,49 ; pós= 75,28 ± 4,42 mg/dL, p=0,03) na glicemia, aumento significante de 10,5% no HDL (pré=50,42 ± 12,34 ; pós=55,71 ± 10,01 mg/dL, p=0,01) e de 1,61% no TEAC (pré=2,48 ± 0,02 ; pós=2,52 ± 0,03 nM/L, p=0,01). A análise do coeficiente de Pearson demonstrou correlação positiva (r=0,91 : p=0,003) entre colesterol total e LDLc e, correlação negativa entre triglicerídeos e TEAC (r=0,84 : p=0,01). Conclusões: Demonstra-se que o programa de treinamento foi efetivo na indução de alterações positivas na composição corporal, aumento da força muscular, alterações positivas nos indicadores do perfil lipídico e glicídico e, melhora na proteção do organismo contra radicais livres em crianças pré-púberes com obesidade.

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47

"Genetic and biochemical parameters associated with hypertension: a sibling study." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890894.

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Fang Yujing.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-182).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of the study --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of Hypertension --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Overview of Obesity-Related Hypertension --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Body fat distribution --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Insulin resistance and Hyperinsulinaemia --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Sympathetic nervous system activity --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Genetics of Obesity --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Uncoupling protein --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Association of the UCP1 Polymorphism and Weight Gain in Obesity --- p.18
Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of Genetics of Hypertension --- p.19
Chapter 1.4.1 --- The Renin-Angiotensin System --- p.19
Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Functions of Renin-Angiotensin System --- p.20
Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Hypertension --- p.21
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Renin --- p.22
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Angiotensinogen --- p.25
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) --- p.29
Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene --- p.29
Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Association of the ACE I/D Polymorphism with Hypertension --- p.30
Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Association of the ACE I/D Polymorphism with Other disease --- p.32
Chapter 1.4.5 --- The Angiotensin II Receptor --- p.35
Chapter 1.4.5.1 --- Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor --- p.35
Chapter 1.4.5.2 --- The Type 1 Angiotensin Receptor Gene --- p.36
Chapter 1.4.6 --- Dopamine --- p.39
Chapter 1.4.6.1 --- Dopamine Receptors --- p.42
Chapter 1.4.6.2 --- The Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene --- p.45
Chapter 2 --- Aims --- p.47
Chapter 3 --- Materials and methodology --- p.48
Chapter 3.1 --- Patient recruitment protocol --- p.48
Chapter 3.2 --- Subjects --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Classification of Hypertension --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Definition of Dyslipidaemia --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Classification of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Definition of Obesity --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Exclusion Criteria --- p.54
Chapter 3.3 --- Routine Assessment --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Blood Pressure --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Measurements of obesity --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Body mass index --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Waist to hip ratio --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Skin-Fold Thickness --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Skinfold Percentage Fat --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Biochemical measurements --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Assays measuring biochemical factors from plasma --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.1 --- Plasma electrolytes --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.2 --- Plasma urate --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.3 --- Plasma creatinine --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.4 --- Fasting plasma glucose --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.5 --- Fasting plasma cholesterol --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.3.1.6 --- Fasting plasma triglyceride --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Assays measuring biochemical factors from urine --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Urinary electrolytes --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Urinary creatinine --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- Urinary albumin concentration --- p.58
Chapter 3.4 --- Extraction of DNA from blood specimen --- p.59
Chapter 3.5 --- Polymerase Chain Amplification protocols --- p.60
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Uncoupling protein 1 gene polymorphism --- p.60
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism --- p.62
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Angiotensin type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism --- p.64
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Dopamine D2 receptor TaqI polymorphism --- p.66
Chapter 3.5.5 --- Dopamine D2 receptor TaqI polymorphism --- p.66
Chapter 3.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Paired sample T test --- p.68
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Conditional Logistic Regression --- p.68
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Linkage analysis --- p.69
Chapter 3.6.3.1 --- Allelic frequency and genotypic distribution --- p.69
Chapter 3.6.3.2 --- Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium --- p.69
Chapter 3.6.3.3 --- Parametric analysis --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.3.4 --- Nonparametric analysis --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.3.4.1 --- The affected sib pair (ASP) method --- p.74
Chapter 3.6.3.4.2 --- The affected pedigree member (APM) method of linkage analysis --- p.76
Chapter 3.6.3.4.3 --- Quantitative traits linkage analysis --- p.79
Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.81
Chapter 4.1 --- Description of the characteristics of in siblings --- p.81
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Siblings and sib-pairs --- p.81
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Demographic characteristics --- p.81
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Relationship to age and gender --- p.83
Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- Hypertension versus age and gender --- p.83
Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Central obesity versus age and gender --- p.83
Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- General obesity versus age and gender --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- Hypertension-central obesity versus age and gender --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- Hypertension- general obesity versus age and gender --- p.85
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Relationship to anthropometric indices --- p.85
Chapter 4.1.4.1 --- Large proportion of obesity --- p.85
Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- Hypertension versus anthropometric indices --- p.86
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Relationship to biochemistry indices --- p.87
Chapter 4.1.5.1 --- Large proportion of dyslipidaemia --- p.87
Chapter 4.2 --- Association between disease traits and covariates in discordant sib pairs --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Association between blood pressure and covariates in discordant sib-pairs --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Association between general obesity and covariates in discordant sib-pairs --- p.89
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Association between obesity related hypertension and covariates in combined discordant sib-pairs --- p.91
Chapter 4.3 --- Description of the analysis of the polymorphisms of 4 genes which might be related to hypertension and obesity --- p.93
Chapter 4.3.1 --- The uncoupling protein 1 gene --- p.93
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Comparison of A-G polymorphism in terms of hypertension or obesity --- p.94
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Comparison of A-G polymorphism in terms of HT and obesity --- p.97
Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.99
Chapter 4.3.2 --- The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene --- p.99
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Comparison of the ACE I/D polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.100
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.101
Chapter 4.3.3 --- The angiotensin type 1 receptor gene --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Comparison of the A T1R A1166C polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.4 --- The Dopamine D2 receptor gene --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.106
Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of general obesity or central obesity --- p.108
Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of general obesity/central obesity and HT --- p.110
Chapter 4.4 --- Sib pair linkage analysis --- p.113
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Linkage between each gene and hypertension in our data --- p.114
Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Genetic linkage of the marker near the UCP1 gene locus to hypertension --- p.114
Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotens in-converting enzyme gene locus to hypertension --- p.116
Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor gene locus to hypertension --- p.117
Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Genetic linkage of the dopamine D2 receptor gene locus to hypertension --- p.118
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Linkage between each gene locus and obesity in Hong Kong hypertensive Chinese families --- p.120
Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Genetic linkage of the uncoupling protein 1 gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.120
Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotens in-converting enzyme gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.123
Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.124
Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Genetic linkage of the dopamine D2 gene locus to obesity --- p.127
Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.129
Chapter 5.1 --- Age-related anomalies --- p.129
Chapter 5.2 --- Gender-related anomalies --- p.129
Chapter 5.3 --- Obesity- related hypertension --- p.130
Chapter 5.4 --- Abnormal biochemical parameters in hypertension --- p.131
Chapter 5.5 --- Genetic parameters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and obesity. --- p.132
Chapter 5.6 --- The uncoupling protein gene --- p.132
Chapter 5.6.1 --- Higher frequency in central obese males --- p.132
Chapter 5.6.2 --- Linkage of systolic blood pressure with G allele --- p.134
Chapter 5.6.3 --- Metabolic link --- p.135
Chapter 5.7 --- The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene --- p.137
Chapter 5.7.1 --- The ACE D allele and hypertension in previous studies --- p.137
Chapter 5.7.2 --- Positive role of the ACE DD genotype found in our data --- p.139
Chapter 5.8 --- Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene --- p.141
Chapter 5.8.1 --- No linkage with HT --- p.141
Chapter 5.9 --- Dopamine D2 gene --- p.143
Chapter 5.9.1 --- Dopamine and obesity --- p.143
Chapter 5.9.2 --- Linkage with obese and HT --- p.144
Chapter 5.10 --- Summary of the study --- p.146
Chapter 5.11 --- Possible further developments in this study --- p.146
Chapter 6 --- References --- p.148

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48

Yang, Hui-Ru, and 楊惠茹. "Correlations of Osteoporosis Markers and Biochemical Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su33xn.

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Abstract:

碩士
高雄醫學大學
醫學檢驗生物技術學系碩士班
106
Chronic kidney disease is closely correlated with the abnormal mineral metabolism. Although many studies have shown that patients with chronic kidney disease have lower bone density, however few studies have included studies on biochemical osteoporosis markers in patients with hemodialysis. This study aimed to, based on hematological examination, early detect biochemical osteoporosis markers to evaluate bone lesions and prevent the risk of bone disease leading to fractures. A total of 181 patients (male 99, female 82) with hemodialysis were evaluated. The blood biochemical and immunological parameters were measured using automated instruments via routine examination of blood before hemodialysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between osteoporosis markers and other parameters. The laboratory reports showed that hemoglobin values of women were significantly lower than in men (p < 0.001). PINP was negatively correlated with age and albumin (p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with total calcium (p < 0.001). β-CTx was negatively correlated with calcium and phosphorus deposits (p<0.001). BAP was negatively correlated with gender and albumin (p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with total calcium (p < 0.05). DKK1 was positively correlated with albumin (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between SOST and total calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.05). Both the levels of DKK-1 and SOST are higher than the reference value, which indicates the probability of bone looseness is greatly increased due to massive bone breakdown because SOST is the index of bone breakdown. DKK-1 is a natural growth factor antagonist. Elevated blood values are not only related to bone lesions, but may also be one of the culprits of degenerative arthritis. And these two items are negatively correlated with ALB and Vit-D, so it is helpful to increase ALB and Vit-D in blood.

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49

Jung, Huang Chi, and 黃啟榮. "An Experiment Study on Rheological Parameters of Biochemical Fluid For Fire Extinguishment." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07113691343213460430.

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Abstract:

碩士
中原大學
土木工程學系
88
There are many varieties of Non-Newtonian fluids ,such as the fluids of sand-water mixture, suspended liquid of mixture , slurry etc. The flowing types of these fluids are very complicated, because they do not belong to the categories of the Newtonian fluids τ=μdu/dy. So one needs to make use of experiments to find out their rheological relations and rheological parameters, therefore, their flowing behaviors of Non-Newtonian fluids can be derived and be used as the references for futural studies, developments and applications. The research studied the influence of concentrations to Non-Newtonian fluids(sand-water mixture, biochemical fluid for fire extinguishment) with a capillary rheometer. Among the above,the experiment of sand-water mixture is to verify the results of the previous studies, then to confirm the design of the experimental instrument .Because sand-water mixture in this experiment is not a plastic and viscous fluid, the power law model was applied. The biochemical fluid for fire extinguishment is a high-technology fire extinguisher of new inventive product,which is Non-Newtonian fluids.Because it has some viscosity,and there are no any related data of the previous studies, so in this study, it was analyzed by both the power law model and the Bingham fluid model, and therefore the capillary rheometer was used to study the relations of rheological parameters to concentrations, and found out the characters of the fluid and rheological equations, which are the basic theory of the pipe flow transportation. The results of the experiment showed that the larger the volume concentration Cv of sand-water mixture, the smaller the flow behavior index n has. The consistency index m exponentially increased with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration is smaller than 14% ,the values of n is approximately 1.72. Its fluid characters are similar to the clear water (n=1.75) ,closed to the results of previous studies.So it can be sured the design of the capillary rheological instrument of this experiment and that of previous studies are almost alike within reasonable accuracy and error. Then it can be used to make an experiment with Non-Newtonian fluids. The results of the experiments of the biochemical fluid for fire extinguishment showed that when the power law model is applied to analyze the relations of concentration and the flow behavior index and the consistency index ,it closed to the results of the experiment of sand-water mixture; when the Bingham fluid model is applied to analyze , the concentration and Bingham viscosity μB linearly increased if Cv<10% .But the concentration nonlinear decreased if Cv>15% .The concentration and Bingham yield stressτy nonlinearly decreased if Cv<10% ,but the concentration linearly increased above Cv=15% ,it is differed from the results of the previous studies. Therefore,the characters of the biochemical fluid for fire extinguishment is more suitable to the power law model, and close to pseudoplastic fluid of viscous fluid.

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50

Ho, Ying-Chih, and 何應志. "The effects of glutamine supplementation on biochemical parameters of recovery after endurance exercise." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26786182183087466597.

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Abstract:

博士
國立體育學院
體育研究所
95
This study investigated the effects of glutamine supplement on metabolic responses during recovery after endurance exercise. In this randomized, crossover study, seven healthy male judo athletes were randomly divided into two groups and performed a single bout of exercise at an estimated speed corresponding to the 75﹪VO2max for 60 min, and then, took either a placebo or glutamine at 0.1g/kg-wt. Blood samples of each athlete were collected before exercise, and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after exercise, respectively. The experiment was repeated two weeks later, but treatments were exchanged for two groups. The concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, glycerol, IL-6, lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase, and 19 amino aicds in blood were examined. No differences in the levels of glucose, insulin, lactate, ammonia, or creatine kinase between two groups were observed. Compared to the placebo group, the concentration of glycerol in the glutamine group was significantly lower at 45, 60, and 120-min recovery period, and the concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher at 30, 45, 60, and 120-min recovery period. In the concentration of blood amino acids, the glutamine concentration were significantly higher during the 120-min recovery period in glutamine group, and the alanine and glutamate concentration in glutamine group also show significantly higher at the 15-min recovery period. Furthermore, the BCAA concentration in glutamine group was lower at 45-min recovery period, and the phenylalanine and tyrosine concentration were lower at 120-min recovery period. The concentration of most amino acids in placebo group at 120-min recovery period were significant lower than pre-exercise, but only glutamate in glutamine group. The results indicate that glutamine supplement during exercise recovery period could inhibit the lipolysis, and induce the higher IL-6 level, and this make advantage to glucose utilization for body. Glutamine supplement also prevent the glutamine depletion, maintain the blood concentration of glutamine and other amino aicds after the endurance exercise, and high level of blood glutamine concentration may reduce the BCAA metabolism, decreased the proteolysis during the recovery period.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biochemical parameters'

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