Academic literature on the topic 'Biochemistry, congresses'

Medical biochemistry (synonyms: clinical chemistry or clinical biochemistry) in the terms of professional and scientific discipline, stems from and/or has developed along with the natural sciences and its influences (mathematics, physics, chemistry and biochemistry) and medical sciences as well (physiology, genetics, cell biology). As a scientific discipline, medical biochemistry studies metabolic processes of physiological and pathological changes with humans and animals. Applying analytical chemistry's and biochemistry's techniques enables medical biochemists to gain plenty of information related to diagnosis and prognosis which serve physicians to asses the gravity of illness and prescribe healing therapy. Therefore medical biochemistry is an integral part of modern medicine. This discipline was dubbed various, often confusing names such as pathology, physiology, clinical biology, clinical pathology, chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, all depending on place of origin. The official, internationally accepted name - clinical chemistry, was mentioned for the first time in 1912 by Johan Scherer, who described his laboratory as Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (Klinisch Chemische Laboratorium) in the hospital Julius in Wurzburg in Germany. After creating national societies of clinical chemists, Professor Earl J. King of Royal Postgraduate Medical School from London incited an initiative to unite national societies into the organization with worldwide character - it was the International Association of Clinical Biochemists, monitored by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). On 24 July 1952 in Paris, a Second International Congress of Biochemistry was held. A year later, in Stockholm, the name of a newly formed association was altered into International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, which was officially accepted in 1955 in Brussels. Today this federation-s name is International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). Right after the World War II our medical biochemists began to gather within their expert societies. Even before 1950 Pharmaceutical Society of Serbia hosted laboratory experts among whom the most active were Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Damanski for bromatology, Prof. Dr. Momcilo Mokranjac for toxicology and Docent Dr. Pavle Trpinac for biochemistry. When the Managing Board of the Pharmaceutical Society of National Republic of Serbia held its session on 22 December 1950, an issue was raised with reference to creation of a Section that would gather together the laboratory experts. Section for Sanitary Chemistry, combining all three profiles of laboratory staff, i.e. medical biochemists, sanitary chemists and toxicologists, was founded on 1st of January 1951. On 15 May 1955, during the sixth plenum of the Society of Pharmaceutical Societies of Yugoslavia (SFRY) held in Split, the decision was passed to set up a Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ. The Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ was renamed into Society for Medical Biochemistry of SFDJ based on the decision passed during the 16th plenum of SFDJ, held on 15 May 1965 in Banja Luka. Pursuant to the decision passed by SMBY on 6 April 1995 and based on the historic data, 15 May was declared as being the official Day of the Society of Medical Biochemists of Yugoslavia. The purpose of YuSMB (currently SMBSCG) is to gather medical biochemists who would develop and enhance all the branches of medical biochemistry in health industry. Its tasks are as following: to standardize operations in clinical-biochemical laboratories, education of young biochemists on all levels, encouraging scientific research, setting up of working norms and implementation, execution and abiding by the ethics codices with health workers. SMBSCG is to promote the systemized standards in the field of medical biochemistry with the relevant federal and republican institutions. SMBSCG is to enable exchange of experiences of its members with the members of affiliate associations in the country and abroad. .

Background:The need for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment for better outcomes is widely accepted. Is that goal being achieved in real-life settings?Objectives:To evaluate changes in the delay to RA diagnosis and treatment, and in the proportions of patients being treated early along the last decades in Brazil.Methods:This study was drawn from the REAL cohort, designed to assess RA management under real-life conditions. Patients ≥ 18 years old attending public hospitals in Brazil and meeting RA classification criteria were included. Subjects were stratified according to the year their symptoms began. Delays from symptoms onset to RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Early RA diagnosis and treatment was assessed using three different cut points: ≤3, ≤6 and ≤12 months of symptoms onset. Mann-Kendall’s trend test, chi-square tests, Welch’s ANOVA and Games-Howell’s post-hoc tests were used to test hypotheses, at 0.05 significance level.Results:1116 RA patients were included; 89.4% female; 56.8% white; mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in the delay to RA diagnosis (tau = -0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = -0.695, p < 0.001) from 1990 to 2015 (Figures 1 and 2). The year of symptoms onset was associated with the frequency of early treatment for all defined cut points: ≤3 months (χ2= 11.25, p = 0.001), ≤6 months (χ2= 34.84, p < 0.001), and ≤12 months (χ2= 64.79, p<0.001). The more recent the year of symptoms onset, the higher the proportions of individuals treated early (Table 1). Groups stratified according to successive periods of symptoms onset differed in the mean delay to RA treatment [F(5, 372.8) = 41.9; p < 0.001]. Patients with symptoms initiated more recently (2011-2015) had significantly lower delays compared to all other groups. Nonetheless, only 36.3% of these patients with more recent disease started treatment within 6 months of symptoms onset, and 17.2% within 3 months.Table 1.Proportions of individuals with RA receiving the first DMARD within different time intervals from symptoms onset, according to the year their symptoms began.Symptoms beginning (year)Interval from symptoms onset to first DMARDN≤ 3 months≤ 6 months≤ 12 months≤ 1990 8.5%14.9%33.3%1411991 – 1995 5.3%15.8%34.7% 951996 – 200012.3%24.7%44.5%1462001 – 200511.5%26.3%49.8%2172006 – 201017.2%38.9%61.1%2392011 – 201517.2%36.3%72.0%157Figure 1.Rheumatoid arthritis diagnostic delay according to the year of symptoms beginning, from 1990 to 2015 in BrazilFigure 2.Rheumatoid arthritis treatment delay according to the year of symptoms beginning, from 1990 to 2015 in Brazil.Conclusion:Delays to RA diagnosis and treatment have decreased, and more patients have been treated within defined windows for early RA management in the last decades in Brazil. Despite all improvements, it was still difficult to attain early RA treatment. Additional efforts are warranted in pursuit of that goal.Disclosure of Interests:Cleandro Albuquerque Grant/research support from: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Consultant of: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Ana Paula Gomides Consultant of: Abvvie, Ana Beatriz Vargas-Santos Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for international medical events from AbbVie and Janssen, Claiton Brenol: None declared, Ivanio Pereira Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Karina Bonfiglioli Consultant of: Roche, Abbvie, Pfizer, Janssen and BMS, Manoel Bertolo Grant/research support from: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Maria Fernanda Guimarães: None declared, Maria Sauma: None declared, Paulo Louzada Jr Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Rina Giorgi Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Sebastião Radominsky Grant/research support from: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Licia Mota Grant/research support from: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Speakers bureau: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Geraldo Castelar Grant/research support from:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Consultant of:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Paid instructor for:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Speakers bureau:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche

Background:The current concept of treating rheumatoid arthritis RA patients emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and early initiation of disease-modifying drugs (DMARD) for a better prognosis of these patients.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of rheumatologic evaluation on the diagnosis of RA patients, as well as on the initiation of DMARD and on the clinical control of disease activity of these patients under real-life conditions.Methods:The REAL study included RA patients attending eleven public hospitals, from different regions of Brazil. All subjects met the ARA (1987) or ACR/EULAR (2010) RA classification criteria. Subjects were submitted to clinical interview with physical exam and review of medical records. Specialized assessment was defined as sequentially “early”, when the rheumatologist was the 1stor 2ndconsulted physician, and sequentially “late”, when the rheumatologist was consulted after two or more other doctors. Welch’st, Mann-Whitney’s U, chi-square and Spearman’s rho tests were used to test hypotheses, at significance level of 0.05. The study was approved by local ethics committees and all participants granted informed consent.Results:1057 RA patients were assessed; 89.4% (n=945) female; 56.5% (n=597) white; mean (SD) age of 56.9 (11.5) years; mean (SD) disease duration of 173.1 (114.5) months. Median [IQR] delay from symptoms onset to RA diagnosis and to the first DMARD both equaled 12 [6, 36] months. Only 28.7% received a DMARD within 6 months of symptoms onset, and 13.1% within 3 months. Most patients (64.6%) sought a general practitioner first, but 80.7% were finally diagnosed only upon rheumatologist consultation. For 28.8%, the rheumatologist was consulted after two or more other doctors. Early specialized assessment resulted in higher chances of receiving a DMARD within 6 months (OR 2.77; 95%CI [1.93, 3.97]) and within 3 months (OR 2.57; 95%CI [1.54, 4.27]) of RA onset. Late assessment was associated with lower chances of being in remission or low disease activity upon study inclusion (OR 0.53; 95%CI [0.39, 0.72]). Patients assessed early by the rheumatologist, compared to those assessed late, showed lower (mean [SD]) HAQ scores (0.877 [0.715] vs. 1.074 [0.857]; p<0.001) and DAS28-CRP scores (3.20 [1.32] vs. 3.45 [1.48]; p=0.02), and shorter delays to RA diagnosis (26.9 [46.7] vs. 44.6 [60.1] months; p<0.001) and to use the first DMARD (32.5 [58.5] vs. 50.6 [69.9] months; p<0.001). The delay to initiate a DMARD was strongly correlated to that of diagnosing RA (rho 0.816; p < 0.001).Conclusion:Most RA patients missed the window of opportunity to early treatment. Treatment delay strongly correlated with delay in diagnosis, which critically depended on the input from the rheumatologist. Late rheumatologist assessment was associated with lower chances of early RA treatment and with worse outcomes. Failure in direct transition from primary to specialized care was a common problem that needs to be solved.Disclosure of Interests:Cleandro Albuquerque Grant/research support from: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Consultant of: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Ana Paula Gomides Consultant of: Abvvie, Ana Beatriz Vargas-Santos Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for international medical events from AbbVie and Janssen, Claiton Brenol: None declared, Ivanio Pereira Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Karina Bonfiglioli Consultant of: Roche, Abbvie, Pfizer, Janssen and BMS, Manoel Bertolo Grant/research support from: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Consultant of: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Maria Fernanda Guimarães: None declared, Maria Sauma: None declared, Paulo Louzada Jr Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Rina Giorgi Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Sebastião Radominsky Grant/research support from: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Licia Mota Grant/research support from: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Speakers bureau: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Geraldo Castelar-Pinheiro Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche

The link between mechanics and biochemistry has been implicated in a myriad of scientific and medical problem, from orthopedics and cardiovascular medicine, to cell motility and division, to signal transduction and gene expression. Most of these studies have been focused on organ-level issues, yet cellular and molecular level research has become essential over the last decade in this field thanks to the revolutionary developments in genetics, molecular biology, fabrication processes, and biotechnology. Developing the link between molecular and cellular biomechanics through subcellular studies can help uncover the complex interactions requisite for understanding higher order macroscopic behavior. Here, we will explore the link between molecular and cellular research through novel systems of nano- and micro-technology. In this, I will discuss novel technologies that we have developed and are utilizing, which include magnetic needles, three-dimension cell stretching systems, and microfluidics to examine the link between mechanics and biochemistry (including structural regulation through the cytoskeleton). By combining these novel approaches between engineering and biology, this multidisciplinary research can make a tremendous impact on the studies of human health and diseases through advances in fields such as proteomics, tissue engineering, and medical diagnostics.

Urokinase was discovered in the late nineteenth century, as an enzymatic principle in urine, that initiates the dissolution of blood clots. The basis of this phenomenon was recognized more than fifty years ago as the activation of plasminogen, the precursor of a tryptic protease, then known as profibrinolysin. Despite this long history, detailed data on the biochemistry of plasminogen activation have only become available recently. Urokinase (now designated urokinase-type plasminogen activator : u-PA) is synthesized and secreted as a single chain polypeptide (Mr-: 53,000) by many cell types. Single chain u-PA (scu-PA) is with equal justification called prourokinase (pro-u-PA), notwithstanding its low catalytic activity for synthetic peptide substrates and plasminogen, as most proenzymes of proteases display a certain degree of activity. The structure of pro-u-PA has been elucidated by protein and cDNA sequencing. It consists of three domains, exhibiting characteristic homology to other proteins: a serine protease domain, homologous to trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase; a kringle domain, likewise found in prothrombin, plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and Factor XII; and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, found in many other proteins, including certain clotting factors. Pro-u-PA is activated by the cleavage of its LYS158-Ile159 h1 bY either plasmin or kallikrein. This cleavage leads to a high increase of Kcat values with respect to both plasminogen and synthetic peptide substrates, but apparently to a reduction of its affinity to plasminogen. Thrartoin inactivates pro-u-PA irreversibly by the cleavage of the Arg156-Phe157 bond. U-PA but not pro-u-PA rapidly forms ccnplexes with plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI)-l and PAI-2: second order rate constants Kass are respectively > 107 and 0.9xl06 (M-11sec-1). Unknown enzymes process pro-u-PA and u-PA to low molecular weight (LMW) pro-u-PA and LMW u-PA (Mr: 33,000) by cutting off a fragment consisting of the kr ingle and the EGF—like region. Pro—u—PA mediated plasminogen activation is fibrin dependent in vivo, and to a certain degree in vitro. Hie biochemical basis of this fibrin specificity is at present uncertain, although there are reports indicating that it may require polyvalent cations. Through its EGF-like region HMW pro-u-PA and HMW u-PA are capable of binding to specific membrane protein receptors which are found on many cells. Thus, u-PA activity may be restricted to the cell surface. According to a recent report, binding of u—PA to the receptor may also mediate signal transduction in auto- or paracrine growth control. In cells permissive for the respective pathways, pro-u-PA gene transcription is stimulated by mechanisms of signal transduction, that include the cAMP, the tyrosine specific kinase and the protein kinase C dependent pathways. Glucocorticoid hormones downregulate pro-u-PA gene transcription in cells where the gene is canstitutively expressed. Although different cells vary greatly in their response to agents that stimulate urokinase biosynthesis, growth factors and other mitogens are in many cases effective inducers. Significantly elevated levels of u-PA are also found in many malignant tissues. These findings and many others suggest that plasminogen activation by u-PA provides localized extracellular matrix degradation which is required for invasive growth, cell migration and other forms of tissue remodelling. Fibrin represents in this view only a variant of an extracellular matrix, which is provided through the clotting system in the case of an emergency.

Abstract With the advent of molecular biology and biophysics during the past decade, single-molecule biomechanics has emerged as a new field. Different techniques have been used to study the mechanical properties of DNA and protein molecules; various models have been developed to quantify the deformation of biomolecules under force. Here we review some of these advances, explore the connection between mechanics and biochemistry, and discuss the concepts, issues and challenges in developing molecular biomechanics.

Abstract: The main promising directions of research activities of the department and pedagogical work with the use of new forms of professional training of specialists in the field of occupational medicine based on the concept of lifelong education and a competence-based approach are presented. The department develops "biomedicine of the future" with the involvement of the latest achievements in the field of medical biochemistry, molecular biology, bioengineering, biotechnology, medical radiobiology. The department carries out the development and implementation of programs of higher professional education for students and residents of Sechenov University and students of the DPO system, taking into account the approaches of personalized and evidence-based medicine. The department has introduced new educational technologies (blended learning), is developing modern on-line services and modular programs.