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Chernikov, Alexander Alexandrovich, Igor Alexandrovich Sklyanik, and Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova. "On the 100th anniversary of academician Y.H. Turakulov." Diabetes mellitus 19, no. 4 (October 12, 2016): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm8156.
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Yalkin Halmatovich Turakulov is an internationally known medical researcher whose name is firmly engrained into the history of national endocrinology. He headed the Pharmaceutical Medical Institute, Tashkent Medical Institute, Regional Institute of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and others institutions various times and was involved in the establishment of many of them. He was a teacher to many doctors and scientists. This article presents his biography and describes his impact on national and world science.
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Machado, Andreia, Araci Hack, and Maria José Sousa. "Globalization: Intersection Between Communication, Innovation and Knowledge." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 4 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.44.3003.
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Advances in technological possibilities have made communication present in different media and spaces. By enabling interaction between different countries, by becoming a facilitator between knowledge and innovation in the globalized world, it has opened frontiers by providing innovations in various sectors of the knowledge society. In this sense, the objective in this article is to map the intersection of communication, innovation and knowledge in the globalized world. To that end, the methodology used in the research was the systematic search of literature that pointed out that the intersection is motivated by the use of innovative technologies in the process of knowledge sharing, and studies are still scarce in this area. It is possible to perceive, further, that this intersection is branched out, through Social Sciences, Business, Management and Accounting, Computer Science, Medicine, Engineering, Decision Sciences, Nursing, Arts and Humanities, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Psychology, aligned Health Professions, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Energy, Environmental Science, Mathematics, Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical and Veterinary.
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Devinyak, Oleg, Iryna Stan, Viktoriya Syatynya, Yaroslava Deyak, Olena Lytvyn, and Ivan Kachur. "PHARMACY STUDY PLANS IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 121, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(121).2021.13-21.
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Careful design of study plan is a key element of any successful educational program. Till 2018 Ministry of Health of Ukraine regulated the structure of Pharmacy study plans through the adoption of unified Ministerial study plan. Now the responsibility of educational programs and corresponding study plans design in Ukraine is fully transferred to universities. The purpose of this study is to compare the structure and content of pharmacy study plans in Visegrad Group countries with the most recent unified Pharmacy study plan in Ukraine. Methods. The official documents of Warsaw Medical University, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Charles University, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Comenius University, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Semmelweis University and University of Debrecen were studied and data on required courses and corresponding ECTS credits extracted and compared with Ukrainian study plan. Results. Ukrainian unified study plan in Pharmacy pays much more attention to Humanity, Social and Economics section (9 ECTS credits plus 6 ECTS credits of Foreign Language), Computer and IT skills (8 ECTS credits), Hygiene and Ecology (3 ECTS credits), Life Safety, Labor Safety and Bioethics (6 ECTS credits in total), Extreme Medicine and Military Training (6 ECTS credits in total), Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (4 ECTS credits), Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing (12 ECTS credits in total) as compared to foreign universities. While natural science courses receive less ECTS credits in Ukraine, and some courses in rapidly evolving sciences like Molecular Biology, Immunology or Clinical Biochemistry are significantly underrepresented. Conclusions. The Pharmacy study plans of Visegrad Group universities show greater similarity with each other and tend to differ from the Ukrainian Ministerial study plan. The necessary steps to harmonize Pharmacy study plans of Ukrainian universities with V4 countries include the introduction of Molecular Biology, Immunology, Clinical Biochemistry courses, and strengthening the basic medical and chemical science courses like Human Anatomy and Physiology, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
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Majkic-Singh, Nada. "Society of medical biochemists of Serbia and Montenegro: 50 years anniversary." Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 24, no. 3 (2005): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmh0503157m.
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Medical biochemistry (synonyms: clinical chemistry or clinical biochemistry) in the terms of professional and scientific discipline, stems from and/or has developed along with the natural sciences and its influences (mathematics, physics, chemistry and biochemistry) and medical sciences as well (physiology, genetics, cell biology). As a scientific discipline, medical biochemistry studies metabolic processes of physiological and pathological changes with humans and animals. Applying analytical chemistry's and biochemistry's techniques enables medical biochemists to gain plenty of information related to diagnosis and prognosis which serve physicians to asses the gravity of illness and prescribe healing therapy. Therefore medical biochemistry is an integral part of modern medicine. This discipline was dubbed various, often confusing names such as pathology, physiology, clinical biology, clinical pathology, chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, all depending on place of origin. The official, internationally accepted name - clinical chemistry, was mentioned for the first time in 1912 by Johan Scherer, who described his laboratory as Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (Klinisch Chemische Laboratorium) in the hospital Julius in Wurzburg in Germany. After creating national societies of clinical chemists, Professor Earl J. King of Royal Postgraduate Medical School from London incited an initiative to unite national societies into the organization with worldwide character - it was the International Association of Clinical Biochemists, monitored by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). On 24 July 1952 in Paris, a Second International Congress of Biochemistry was held. A year later, in Stockholm, the name of a newly formed association was altered into International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, which was officially accepted in 1955 in Brussels. Today this federation-s name is International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). Right after the World War II our medical biochemists began to gather within their expert societies. Even before 1950 Pharmaceutical Society of Serbia hosted laboratory experts among whom the most active were Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Damanski for bromatology, Prof. Dr. Momcilo Mokranjac for toxicology and Docent Dr. Pavle Trpinac for biochemistry. When the Managing Board of the Pharmaceutical Society of National Republic of Serbia held its session on 22 December 1950, an issue was raised with reference to creation of a Section that would gather together the laboratory experts. Section for Sanitary Chemistry, combining all three profiles of laboratory staff, i.e. medical biochemists, sanitary chemists and toxicologists, was founded on 1st of January 1951. On 15 May 1955, during the sixth plenum of the Society of Pharmaceutical Societies of Yugoslavia (SFRY) held in Split, the decision was passed to set up a Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ. The Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ was renamed into Society for Medical Biochemistry of SFDJ based on the decision passed during the 16th plenum of SFDJ, held on 15 May 1965 in Banja Luka. Pursuant to the decision passed by SMBY on 6 April 1995 and based on the historic data, 15 May was declared as being the official Day of the Society of Medical Biochemists of Yugoslavia. The purpose of YuSMB (currently SMBSCG) is to gather medical biochemists who would develop and enhance all the branches of medical biochemistry in health industry. Its tasks are as following: to standardize operations in clinical-biochemical laboratories, education of young biochemists on all levels, encouraging scientific research, setting up of working norms and implementation, execution and abiding by the ethics codices with health workers. SMBSCG is to promote the systemized standards in the field of medical biochemistry with the relevant federal and republican institutions. SMBSCG is to enable exchange of experiences of its members with the members of affiliate associations in the country and abroad. .
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Levin, Shulamit. "Reversed Phase Stationary Phases in Pharmaceutical Sciences." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 27, no. 7-9 (January 2004): 1353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-120030606.
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Ansar, Waliza, and Shyamasree Ghosh. "Monoclonal Antibodies: A Tool in Clinical Research." Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine 4 (January 2013): IJCM.S11968. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijcm.s11968.
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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are an old immunological tool with applications in the fields of immunology, biotechnology, biochemistry, and applied biology. Production of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology was discovered in 1975 by Georges Kohler of West Germany and Cesar Milstein of Argentina. Modern-day research on MAbs from laboratories worldwide is revealing additional applications in diverse branches of sciences. Recently, MAbs have been widely applied in the field of clinical medicine. Currently, MAbs account for one-third of all the new therapeutic treatments for breast cancer, leukemia, arthritis, transplant rejection, asthma, and psoriasis, with many more late-stage clinical trials being conducted. In this review, we outline the (i) production of MAbs, (ii) application of MAbs, (iii) antibody engineering, and (iv) pharmaceutical application of MAbs. The future prospect of this review lies in the applicability of monoclonal antibodies as a molecule for understanding and monitoring the biology of disease and its role in research, clinical, diagnostic, analytical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Nys, Gwenaël, and Marianne Fillet. "Microfluidics contribution to pharmaceutical sciences: From drug discovery to post marketing product management." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 159 (September 2018): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.011.
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Reza, ASM Ali, Nahid Sikdar, Mst Samima Nasrin, Md Atiar Rahman, Abu Montakim Tareq, AHM Khurshid Alam, Sanjida Sharmin, and Mohammed Abu Sayeed. "Knowledge, Attitude, Perception of Biological Science and Healthcare Professional Students to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Belief and Practice in Southeastern Region of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v24i2.54714.
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The health professionals require scientific knowledge to advise their patients on complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). Previously, several studies were conducted regarding the CAM perception, attitude and use on health care professionals only; in contrast, our study encompasses both students of health care professionals and other disciplines. The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes and perception about CAM practices between students of biological sciences (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Botany) and health care professionals (Pharmacy and medical students) in public and private universities located in the southeastern region in Bangladesh. The questionnaire-based study conducted on 332 systematically sampled students (four private and one public universities) located in the southeastern region in Bangladesh. The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July, 2018. All students showed a positive attitude towards CAM use. Herbal medicine, homeopathy, nutritional supplements followed by hypnosis, massage, spiritual healing, and meditation were the most commonly known and used CAM modalities. Most of the students (40.7%) believed that the integration of CAM and conventional medicine should be essential in health care setting. The major obstacles for CAM use are patient interest (48.2%) and lack of physician interest (43.4%). In addition, 36.7% students believed that CAM practices should be included in their school’s curriculum. Moreover, 39.5% students assumed that CAM knowledge is important to their daily life. Biological sciences and healthcare professional students of Bangladesh showed positive perception on CAM uses.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 159-167, 2021
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Chandrakala, V., and Utpal Kumar Sanki. "Review of Present Trends and Future Scope of Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development Process." International Journal of PharmTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130108.
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Pharmacogenomics combines traditional pharmaceutical sciences such as biochemistry with annotated knowledge of genetics, protein chemistry, and DNA polymorphisms. The difference of therapeutic efficacy of the same drug in different individual can be best explained by the study of genetic polymorphisms that underlie individual differences in drug response. The small change of the genome in one individual may make a drug inefficacious as oppose to the other patients. Such variability will bring the individualization of the therapy to obtain the best effects of the drug, as an example autologous dendrimer got a tremendous success in the cancer therapy of the individual. Markers of exposure can determine whether the desired target tissues of a subject have been exposed to a drug at physiological concentrations. Gene expression profiling is a tool that can be used to characterize chemically induced toxicity in cells and/or animal models, in order to provide plausible explanations for observed toxicity in preclinical testing. Pharmacogenomics holds the promise that drugs might one day in future be tailor-made for individuals and adapted to each person's own genetic makeup by the use of microarray technology to express the gene which in turn helps to develop receptor protein. The stability of the drug and its toxicity can be predicted prior to administration of the drug to the subject through the knowledge of computer assisted structural simulation and DNA reactivity technology respectively. This article provides some critical aspects of drug developments, clinical trial design and ethical issues which are centered with pharmacogenomics.
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Mimori, Seisuke. "Site determination and application of LTBP-1, a molecule related to atherosclerosis, involved in cell migration." Impact 2021, no. 6 (July 15, 2021): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.6.24.
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The two strands of treatment available for coronary artery disease and associated pathologies are pharmaceutical and physical. However, these treatments are typically only available too late to help tackle the early underlying processes. Better understanding of the underlying processes is key to the development of preventative solutions. One of the key processes understanding coronary problems is atherosclerosis, which is when arteries lose elasticity. Associate Professor Seisuke Mimori, Department of Clinical Medicine, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan, is examining the underlying biochemistry of atherosclerosis. Professor Tetsuto Kanzaki has succeeded in cloning a protein called LTBP-1 and, under his direction, Seisuke has created a mutant of the protein and is analysing it. He intends to produce variants of LTBP-1 in order to investigate the function of various domains of the protein. This will involve firstly producing and isolating the protein and its variants in sufficient quantities. Then, he will test cell migration rates through an assay that he and the team have designed. This will enable the researchers to clarify exactly how LTBP-1 functions. In the future, Seisuke and the team will investigate the exact mechanism of action of the domains involved and explore the impact of LTBP-1 on the relevant organs and cells.
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Yoshida, Yuya. "Construction of effective induction of immune tolerance to rheumatoid arthritis using fingolimod." Impact 2021, no. 5 (June 7, 2021): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.5.51.
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Autoimmune diseases occur when the body begins to attack normal cells instead of fighting off diseases and infections. There are ways of treating autoimmune diseases, but these provide only short-term relief, and there is no cure. Therefore, relapse tends to be an inevitable part of autoimmune diseases. Dr Yuya Yoshida is a specialist in immunology based in the Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Japan, who is investigating the possibility of inducing immune tolerance and, in doing so, eliminating the need for long-term treatment. He and his team are working to devise a treatment strategy that enables complete short-term treatment and can then maintain long-term remission without the need for drug treatment. The ultimate goal for the team is a breakthrough in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which would have far-reaching benefits for patients and the field of medicine. A key focus for Yoshida and his team is how an immunomodulating medication called fingolimod (FTY720) could be used to induce immune tolerance and, in doing so, stop the cycle of remission and relapse. There is potential for FTY720 to be used to develop new treatments and eliminate the need for patients to rely on long-term treatment. In particular, the researchers are focusing on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. One investigation involves the use of animal models to explore the construction of effective induction of immune tolerance to rheumatoid arthritis using FTY720.
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Ma’mun, Ahmed, Mohamed K. Abd El-Rahman, and Mohamed Abd El-Kawy. "Real-time potentiometric sensor; an innovative tool for monitoring hydrolysis of chemo/bio-degradable drugs in pharmaceutical sciences." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 154 (May 2018): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.007.
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Morales, Alejandro, Raul Guerra, Pablo Horstrand, Maria Diaz, Adan Jimenez, Jose Melian, Sebastian Lopez, and Jose F. Lopez. "A Multispectral Camera Development: From the Prototype Assembly until Its Use in a UAV System." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216129.
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Multispectral imaging (MI) techniques are being used very often to identify different properties of nature in several domains, going from precision agriculture to environmental studies, not to mention quality inspection of pharmaceutical production, art restoration, biochemistry, forensic sciences or geology, just to name some. Different implementations are commercially available from the industry and yet there is quite an interest from the scientific community to spread its use to the majority of society by means of cost effectiveness and ease of use for solutions. These devices make the most sense when combined with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), going a step further and alleviating repetitive routines which could be strenuous if traditional methods were adopted. In this work, a low cost and modular solution for a multispectral camera is presented, based on the use of a single panchromatic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor combined with a rotating wheel of interchangeable band pass optic filters. The system is compatible with open source hardware permitting one to capture, process, store and/or transmit data if needed. In addition, a calibration and characterization methodology has been developed for the camera, allowing not only for quantifying its performance, but also able to characterize other CMOS sensors in the market in order to select the one that best suits the budget and application. The process was experimentally validated by mounting the camera in a Dji Matrice 600 UAV to uncover vegetation indices in a reduced area of palm trees plantation. Results are presented for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showing a generated colored map with the captured information.
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Akter, Selina, Md Tavir Islam, Mohd Zulkefeli, and Sirajul Islam Khan. "Agarwood Production - A Multidisciplinary Field to be Explored in Bangladesh." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2013): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i1.15132.
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Agarwood or eaglewood (Aguru in Bengali) is the most expensive wood in the world, which is an occasional product of a few genera of Aquilaria and Gyrinops in the plant family Thymelaeaceae. Agar is a scented product, oleoresin, obtained from pathological conditions of the wood of live trees containing many aromatic substances. Various bacteria and fungi have been found to be associated with Agarwood formation, although it is still not absolutely clear which are important or even necessary. The quality of agar mostly depends on the plant species and the fungal species involved, as well as, certain other unknown factors. The issues are now to explore the new sources of agarwood to protect the endangered plant species, to ensure agar formation in 100% of the planted trees, upgrade in quality and most possibly quantity of agar yield per tree simultaneously minimizing the maturation time. Both physical and chemical stresses like mechanical wound and induction have long been practiced to enhance agarwood yield as well as fungal inoculation. Specificity of fungal infection is a minor criterion of agarwood formation rather than the plants physiological state, immune responses and presence of inducer. The agarwood production could be a multifaceted field of prospects in Bangladesh. The cultivation of new Aquilaria and Gyrinops plants and selection of appropriate inocula and inducers should be the priority objective. A multidisciplinary approach could be initiated with the experts of forestry, mycology, biochemistry and microbiology to achieve the goal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i1.15132 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(1) 2013: 22-32
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Prakash, S., and S. Deshwal. "Alpha and Beta amylase activity of Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat): A Medicinal Plant." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7887.
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Background and Objectives: Fagopyrum esculentum, common buckwheat popularly known as mithe fapar is one of the staple food crops of the mountain region. Traditionally, it is used to treat constipation and bowel upsets. It is also used by diabetic in different parts of Nepal and India. Due to its high nutritive and medicinal value, medical scientist and researchers are interested in developing this as pharmaceutical plant. In this regard department of biochemistry, College of Applied Education and Health Sciences, C.C.S. University, Meerut, India is working to analyse the biochemical composition and benefits of this plant. So, as a part of a multidimensional project of analyzing various components and their impact on health and diseases, here we are reporting the amylase activity during germination of seed in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) plant. Methodology: Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seeds were taken and germinated in dark at room temperature from 0 hours to 192 hours. Biochemical analysis for total amylase, alpha and beta amylase activities was measured by the standard method designed by Bernfeld (1955). Results: The seeds of buckwheat showed high level of amylolytic activity during different stages of germination. At 0 hours, negligible amylase activity was found. The first amylase activity was found at 24 hours and increases up to 96 hours. After 96 hours the total amylase activity starts decreasing and becomes almost negligible at 192 hours. Alpha and Beta –Amylase activity is reported separately. Conclusion: The amylases from the buckwheat showed different level of enzymatic activity during seed germination. Alpha amylase contributed a larger account to total amylase activity. The activity starts increasing and becomes maximum at 96 hours and starts decreasing and becomes lowest at 192 hours suggesting that alpha amylase plays a important role in starch metabolism in developing as well as geminating seeds which can be used for the drug discovery and treatment of several diseases like diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, constipation, bowel upsets, obesity and others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7887 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):53-58
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D’Orazio, Giovanni, Chiara Fanali, Chiara Dal Bosco, Alessandra Gentili, and Salvatore Fanali. "Chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: Results achieved in 2010–2020." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 220–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0136.
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Abstract The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic activities. For this reason, chiral discrimination by using chromatographic and electromigration techniques has become an urgent need in the pharmaceutical field. This review intends to offer the “state of the art” about the separation of chiral antifungal drugs and several related precursors by both liquid and gas chromatography, as well as electromigration methods. This overview is organized into two sections. The first one describes general considerations on chiral antifungal drugs. The second part deals with the main analytical methods for the enantiomeric discrimination of these drugs, including a brief description of chiral selectors and stationary phases. Moreover, many recent applications attesting the great interest of analytical chemists in the field of enantiomeric separation are presented.
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Uemura, Daisuke. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20077904vi.
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Natural products chemistry primarily involves research on organic compounds produced by plants, animals, and microorganisms, and focuses not only on the determination of chemical structures and biosynthesis, but also on chemical synthesis and the development of stereoselective chemical reactions. In recent years, developments have spread to the field of molecular biology in particular, as indicated by the investigation of the relationship between the structure and activity of biologically active substances, in addition to the elucidation of the mechanisms of biological effects at the molecular level. These achievements have facilitated corresponding progress in other related sciences, and have contributed significantly to developments in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other industries.Meanwhile, the science of biodiversity focuses on objectives such as the search for active ingredients in organisms and the preservation of species and diversity, from a scientific perspective. These two fields are closely related in their respective focuses on the diversity of organisms and the diversity of metabolic products, and it is for this reason that the respective conferences on biodiversity and natural products chemistry have come to be merged, starting with the preceding event in the series, held in India. I believe that this joint approach is highly beneficial, and sincerely hope that this conference has provided opportunities for exchange of a diverse range of information between the respective researchers and has contributed to further global development of these fields.This conference was held at the Kyoto International Conference Hall on 23-28 July 2006, and was officially sponsored by IUPAC and hosted by the Science Council of Japan jointly with the Chemical Society of Japan, the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, and the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. In addition to 17 plenary speakers, lectures were also delivered by 77 invitees of various generations, and 580 posters were presented, primarily by younger delegates, of which 72 were supplemented by oral presentations. In order to broadly examine various topics relating to each aspect of the field of natural products chemistry, discussions were conducted by classifying this diverse field into the following eight themes, thereby promoting interactions between researchers and cooperation between related fields.- Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Natural Products- Synthesis of Natural Products and their Models- Biosynthesis and Genetic Engineering on Natural Products- Spectroscopy in Natural Products Chemistry- Molecular Mode of Action on Natural Products and Drugs- Chemical Biology and Related Areas- Chemistry and Biochemistry Related to Biodiversity- Drug Diversity and DevelopmentsApproximately 1200 participants from 31 countries and regions attended this conference, and exhibits from a total of 26 companies were presented in the concurrently held exhibition. In addition, pre- and post-symposia were held in Nagoya, Tokushima, Sapporo, Sendai, Fukuoka, and Tokyo, and the 48th Symposium of a regular series on the Chemistry of Natural Products (in Sendai) also took advantage of the opportunity to promote more diverse and closer interactions. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the aforementioned hosts, co-hosts, and many other organizations and individuals for their support, without which this conference would not have been possible. Finally, it is my sincere hope that this conference has provided opportunities for the future advancement of natural products chemistry and biodiversity science.Daisuke UemuraChairman, Organizing Committee
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Hosseini Mojahed, Fatemeh, Amir Hossein Aalami, Vahid Pouresmaeil, Amir Amirabadi, Mahdi Qasemi Rad, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "Clinical Evaluation of the Diagnostic Role of MicroRNA-155 in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Genomics 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9514831.
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Aim. Biochemical markers, including microRNAs (miRs), may facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. This study was aimed at assessing serum miR-155 expression in patients with breast cancer and receptors. Methods. This case-control study was conducted on 36 patients with breast cancer and 36 healthy individuals. After RNA extraction from the patient’s serum, cDNA was synthesized. The expression of miR-155 was measured using RT-qPCR. Demographic and histochemical data were extracted from patient documents. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results. The mean age of subjects in breast cancer and control groups was 47.64±8.19 and 47.36±7.52 years, respectively. The serum miR-155 expression was higher in the cancer group (1.68±0.66) compared to the control group (p<0.0001). There was a significant relationship between serum miR-155 expression and the tumor grade (p<0.001), tumor stage (p<0.001), and tumor size (p<0.001) of the patients. However, no relationship between miR-155 expression and the presence of lymph node involvement (p=0.15), HER2 (p=0.79), Ki-67 (p=0.9), progesterone receptor (p=0.54), and estrogen receptors (p=0.84) was found. The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.89 (77.78% sensitivity and 88.89% specificity), and the cutoff was 1.4 (Youden index: 0.6667) for detecting breast cancer. Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed that serum miR-155 may serve as a potential noninvasive molecular biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and can help predict the grade of the disease.
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Plakatouras, John C. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20138502iv.
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It is a privilege to act as the conference editor for this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) dedicated to the 12th Eurasia Conference on Chemical Sciences (EuAsC2S-12). The Eurasia Conferences on Chemical Sciences started in Bangkok in 1988 under the leadership of the founders, Bernd M. Rode (Austria), Hitoshi Ohtaki (Japan), and Ivano Bertini (Italy), together with Salag Dhabandana (Bangkok).During the preparation of the present issue of PAC, on 7 July 2012, Ivano Bertini, leading scientist in chemistry and biology, passed away. We will always remember him for his unselfish leadership and enormous contribution in paramagnetic NMR.The aim of the conferences is to foster friendship and exchange of knowledge between chemists in the Eurasian supercontinent as well as those in the Americas and Australia. While all previous conferences have been held in Asia or the Middle East, EuAsC2S-12 took place at the Hotel Corfu Chandris, on the island of Corfu, Greece, on 16-21 April 2012 with the aim of encouraging and enhancing the participation of European scientists and thus help to make them better known. EuAsC2S-12 was organized by the University of Ioannina on the Greek mainland with Emeritus Prof. Nick Hadjiliadis as Chair of the local organizing committee.The total number of participants was 450, with ca. 400 active delegates from 60 countries. The scientific program comprised 14 sessions, each of which was represented by invited speakers and further oral presentations on the following topics:- bioinorganic chemistry- pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design- organic synthesis and natural products- environmental and green chemistry- physical chemistry and spectroscopy- theoretical and computational chemistry- organometallic chemistry and catalysis- clinical biochemistry and molecular diagnostics- coordination chemistry and inorganic polymers- analytical and solution chemistry- supramolecular chemistry and nanomaterials- food chemistry- chemical education- polymer scienceThe scientific program, which was accompanied by a rich social activities program, included 9 plenary lectures, 214 oral presentations, and 190 poster presentations.The collection of 13 papers in this issue of PAC is a representation of the topics related to inorganic chemistry, covered in the lectures held during EuAsC2S-12. The papers represent a good cross-section of major themes ranging from traditional coordination chemistry, bio inorganic chemistry, supramolecular coordination chemistry, catalysis, and inorganic materials.The 13th Eurasia conference will be held in India in December 2014 with Prof. N. Jayaraman, Bangalore as head of the organizing committee.John C. PlakatourasConference Editor
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N Lodhi, Geeta, and Amit Nayak. "CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SOME SYNTHESIZED CHALCONES AND HETROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 747–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13176.
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Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products. With centuries medicinal chemistry had emerged as a magnanimous field of science getting a facelift from the available natural compounds for synthesis of newer and complex molecules possessing medicinal activity while the transit from the earth to a synthetically furnished laboratory. Medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical chemistry is a discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacology involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Chalconesis a generic term given to compounds bearing the 1,3-diarylprop2-en-1-one, which can be functionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto and/or hydroxyl group. Chalcones belongs to the flavonoid family. Chemically chalcones consisted of open chain flavonoids in which the two aromaticrings are joined by a three carbon a,ß-unsaturated carbonyl system (Dhar, 1981). Microorganisms are a heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings. They were classified under third kingdom, theProstita. Based on differences in cellular organization and biochemistry, the kingdom prostita has been divided into two groups, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Bacteria and blue green algae are prokaryotes while fungi, other algae, slime moulds and protozoa are eukaryotes. Anti-fungal drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations because of their fungal activity. They are widely used for the treatment of the fungal diseases such as Candidiasis and Apergillosis. These agents prevent from fungal infection. Anti-oxidant drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations prevent Oxidation.
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N. Lodhi, Geeta, and Amit Nayak. "CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SOME SYNTHESIZED CHALCONES AND HETROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13177.
Full textAbstract:
Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products. With centuries medicinal chemistry had emerged as a magnanimous field of science getting a facelift from the available natural compounds for synthesis of newer and complex molecules possessing medicinal activity while the transit from the earth to a synthetically furnished laboratory. Medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical chemistry is a discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacology involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Chalconesis a generic term given to compounds bearing the 1,3-diarylprop2-en-1-one, which can be functionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto and/or hydroxyl group. Chalcones belongs to the flavonoid family. Chemically chalcones consisted of open chain flavonoids in which the two aromaticrings are joined by a three carbon a,ß-unsaturated carbonyl system (Dhar, 1981). Microorganisms are a heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings. They were classified under third kingdom, theProstita. Based on differences in cellular organization and biochemistry, the kingdom prostita has been divided into two groups, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Bacteria and blue green algae are prokaryotes while fungi, other algae, slime moulds and protozoa are eukaryotes. Anti-fungal drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations because of their fungal activity. They are widely used for the treatment of the fungal diseases such as Candidiasis and Apergillosis. These agents prevent from fungal infection. Anti-oxidant drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations prevent Oxidation.
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Bakalov, D., R. Hadjiolova, and D. Pechlivanova. "Pathophysiology of Depression and Novel Sources of Phytochemicals for its Treatment – A Systematic Review." Acta Medica Bulgarica 47, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2020-0049.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe rising burden of depression, which will soon be the second most common cause of disability in the world, is requesting new ways to treat and prevent it. Due to high number of significant adverse drug reactions of the conventional treatment, the modern pharmaceutical industry is more often turning their focus to novel plant-based solutions. We performed literature research based on standard literature search engines – PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. A standard set of keywords related to our topic e.g. “Depression”, “Mesembrine type alkaloids”, “Narcissus” was used. The review describes the classical monoamine theory of depression and connects it with the newly found biochemical, genetic and morphological alterations associated with the major depressive disorder. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the pathophysiology of depression and to explore the possibilities to use mesembrine-like alkaloids isolated from Narcissus cv. Hawera in its treatment. We describe their effect on brain biochemistry and possible future investigations.
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Ahmad, Saboor, Maria Graça Campos, Filippo Fratini, Solomon Zewdu Altaye, and Jianke Li. "New Insights into the Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Royal Jelly." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020382.
Full textAbstract:
Royal jelly (RJ) is a yellowish-white and acidic secretion of hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees used to feed young worker larvae during the first three days and the entire life of queen bees. RJ is one of the most appreciated and valued natural product which has been mainly used in traditional medicines, health foods, and cosmetics for a long time in different parts of the world. It is also the most studied bee product, aimed at unravelling its bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, and general tonic action against laboratory animals, microbial organisms, farm animals, and clinical trials. It is commonly used to supplement various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we highlight the recent research advances on the main bioactive compounds of RJ, such as proteins, peptides, fatty acids, and phenolics, for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemistry, biological, and pharmaceutical responses to human health promotion and life benefits. This is potentially important to gain novel insight into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of RJ.
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Banks, William. "Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 74, no. 8 (August 1985): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600740838.
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Bergold, Ana M. "Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brazil." Chromatographia 69, S2 (June 2009): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1187-8.
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Kanherkar, Riya R., Bruk Getachew, Joseph Ben-Sheetrit, Sudhir Varma, Thomas Heinbockel, Yousef Tizabi, and Antonei B. Csoka. "The Effect of Citalopram on Genome-Wide DNA Methylation of Human Cells." International Journal of Genomics 2018 (July 25, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8929057.
Full textAbstract:
Commonly used pharmaceutical drugs might alter the epigenetic state of cells, leading to varying degrees of long-term repercussions to human health. To test this hypothesis, we cultured HEK-293 cells in the presence of 50 μM citalopram, a common antidepressant, for 30 days and performed whole-genome DNA methylation analysis using the NimbleGen Human DNA Methylation 3x720K Promoter Plus CpG Island Array. A total of 626 gene promoters, out of a total of 25,437 queried genes on the array (2.46%), showed significant differential methylation (p<0.01); among these, 272 were hypomethylated and 354 were hypermethylated in treated versus control. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found that the chief gene networks and signaling pathways that are differentially regulated include those involved in nervous system development and function and cellular growth and proliferation. Genes implicated in depression, as well as genetic networks involving nucleic acid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and cell cycle regulation were significantly modified. Involvement of upstream regulators such as BDNF, FSH, and NFκB was predicted based on differential methylation of their downstream targets. The study validates our hypothesis that pharmaceutical drugs can have off-target epigenetic effects and reveals affected networks and pathways. We view this study as a first step towards understanding the long-term epigenetic consequences of prescription drugs on human health.
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Sehgal, Vijay Kumar, Supratik Das, and Anand Vardhan. "Computer Aided Drug Designing." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2017/18804.
Full textAbstract:
Designing of drugs and their development are a time and resource consuming process. There is an increasing effort to introduce the role of computational approach to chemical and biological space in order to organise the design and development of drugs and their optimisation. The role of Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) are nowadays expressed in Nanotechnology, Molecular biology, Biochemistry etc. It is a diverse discipline where various forms of applied and basic researches are interlinked with each other. Computer aided or in Silico drug designing is required to detect hits and leads. Optimise/ alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profile and prevent safety issues. Some commonly used computational approaches include ligand-based drug design, structure-based drug design, and quantitative structure-activity and quantitative structure-property relationships. In today's world, due to an avid interest of regulatory agencies and, even pharmaceutical companies in advancing drug discovery and development process by computational means, it is expected that its power will grow as technology continues to evolve. The main purpose of this review article is to give a brief glimpse about the role Computer Aided Drug Design has played in modern medical science and the scope it carries in the near future, in the service of designing newer drugs along with lesser expenditure of time and money.
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Sharad K. Awate, Suresh V. Patil, Ravindra S. Dhivare, and Renukacharya G. Khanapure. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potencies of N-Substituted Iminothiazodin-4-One Derivatives." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1861.
Full textAbstract:
The biggest and most multifaceted class of organic compounds includes heterocyclic compounds. Currently, several heterocyclic compounds are identified, and persistently gratefulness to tremendous synthetic work and synthetic usefulness, the number is increasing exponentially. In most fields of science, including medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agro-chemistry, heterocyclic compounds have a function, and biochemistry is also another area. In this research article, the green approach is administered for achieving the nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur centered five-membered heterocyclic derivatives. By taking the whole thing into account of hetero-chemistry, the moderately effective analog for gram-positive and gram-negative strains was shown for the five-membered heterocyclic compound series of N-substituted iminothiazodine-4-one and N-(benzylideneamino)thiazol-4(5H). The compound 6b showed very much active potency in accordance with the type standard drug the 6c compound against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria compared to the standard drugs and 6b indicated very active potency against the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain. The 5a and 6a compounds showed very strong activity against the fungal strain of Candida albicans and 6b or 6c were more active and highly potent than the standard drugs against Aspergillus niger species. In the view of this research, drive states that all the synthesized compounds might be used for the development for further heterocyclic entities.
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Ibrahim, Ragai K. "A forty-year journey in plant research: original contributions to flavonoid biochemistry." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-030.
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This review highlights original contributions by the author to the field of flavonoid biochemistry during his research career of more than four decades. These include elucidation of novel aspects of some of the common enzymatic reactions involved in the later steps of flavonoid biosynthesis, with emphasis on methyltransferases, glucosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, as well as cloning, and inferences about phylogenetic relationships, of the genes encoding some of these enzymes. The three-dimensional structure of a flavonol O-methyltransferase was studied through homology-based modeling, using a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase as a template, to explain their strict substrate preferences. In addition, the biological significance of enzymatic prenylation of isoflavones, as well as their role as phytoanticipins and inducers of nodulation genes, are emphasized. Finally, the potential application of knowledge about the genes encoding these enzyme reactions is discussed in terms of improving plant productivity and survival, modification of flavonoid profiles, and the search for new compounds with pharmaceutical and (or) nutraceutical value.Key words: flavonoid enzymology, metabolite localization, gene cloning, 3-D structure, phylogeny.
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Chamberlain, Joseph. "Founding Editorial — The Pharmaceutical Sciences." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 842–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.173.
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Kustin, Kenneth, and Tamas Kiss. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 9 (January 1, 2005): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20057709iv.
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The following 10 papers are selections from the 4th International Symposium on Chemistry and Biological Chemistry of Vanadium held 3-5 September 2004 in Szeged, Hungary. This conference attracted over 110 participants from 25 countries and 4 continents. Plenary and invited lectures as well as posters discussed the inorganic chemistry of vanadium, vanadium chemistry in catalysis and organic synthesis, and biological aspects of vanadium chemistry. A new feature was introduced: the presentation of the Vanadis Award.The purpose of the Vanadis Award is to recognize an outstanding contributor to the advancement of vanadium science. The award will be presented at each International Vanadium Symposium prior to a lecture to be given by the recipient. It is awarded on the basis of contributions to a discipline or combination of disciplines of vanadium science, and is presented to an investigator who has produced innovative research with impact on the direction of the field. The nominee is selected on the basis of the following criteria: (1) Innovative research: A history of development or expansion of techniques and procedures and discovery of new chemical, biochemical, biological, technological, or pharmaceutical systems; (2) Development of new applications in one or more of the following areas: chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceutical science, materials science, and nanotechnology; (3) Wide-ranging influence of the nominee's work on the research of others in one or more disciplines; (4) History of highquality and -impact publications; and (5) Service of the nominee to progress, application, and exploration of vanadium in science. The recipient of the first Vanadis Award is Prof. Debbie C. Crans of Colorado State University, whose award address is the first contribution to be presented herein.The additional contributions begin with papers covering various aspects of the inorganic chemistry of vanadium. These papers are followed by descriptions of recent results in the use of vanadium compounds to further organic synthesis, and on the catalytic behavior of interesting vanadium complexes. The final selection includes papers dealing with the role of vanadium in haloperoxidases, or as insulin-mimetic compounds, which may be orally administered replacements of insulin injections.A tremendous increase in studies of aqueous vanadium chemistry over the past decade has been driven by the need to comprehend the diverse biological effects of vanadium. Examples of the rich array of data and concepts needed to explain the biological role of vanadium are given by models of the vanadium-containing haloperoxidase enzyme activity. However, this selection of papers from the 4th International Vanadium Symposium indicates that basic inorganic studies and a wide range of applications of vanadium chemistry to fundamental chemical problems of synthesis, reactivity, and catalysis are not lacking. Indeed, we look forward to the 5th International Vanadium Symposium to be held in San Francisco, CA USA in the fall of 2006, where additional fundamental studies linked to the need to better understand vanadium nutritional essentiality, vanadium toxicity, vanadium therapy, and vanadium catalysis, including "green chemical" industrial applications will be presented.Kenneth Kustin and Tamas KissConference Editors
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Aitken, R. John. "Age, the environment and our reproductive future: bonking baby boomers and the future of sex." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 2 (February 2014): S1—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0399.
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There has never been a greater need for scientists trained in reproductive science. Most developed countries are witnessing unprecedented rates of recourse to assisted conception sitting cheek-by-jowl with high rates of induced abortion. This article addresses these two incongruous faces of reproductive healthcare. Every year at least 44 million abortions are performed worldwide, many under unsafe and insanitary conditions that carry a significant risk to the lives of women deprived of safe, effective methods for controlling their fertility. Although birth control is a complex issue involving myriad social and political factors, the technical vacuum in this area is significant. Through no fault of the family planning authorities, there have been no radically new methods of fertility control since the oral contraceptive pill was introduced in 1960 and even this contribution to planned parenthood has its roots in the biochemistry of the 1920s and 1930s. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry has, by and large, turned its back on fundamental research activities in this area. At present, our major investment in reproductive healthcare involves treating ever-increasing numbers of couples with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). However, these treatments are often delivered without critically considering the underlying causes of this condition or seriously contemplating the long-term consequences of the current enthusiasm for such therapy. Significantly, the clinical factors underpinning the commitment of couples to ART include advanced maternal age and a variety of lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity, which are known to compromise the developmental potential of the oocyte and DNA integrity in spermatozoa.
33
Duarte, A. C., and S. Capelo. "Application of Chemometrics in Separation Science." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 29, no. 7-8 (June 2006): 1143–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070600574929.
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Choji, Solomon, Faith Damla, Larry Barde, Riyang Zakka, and Adeshola Adegbite. "ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ONIONS (Allium cepa) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR ALBINO RATS." BOKKOS JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 1, no. 2 (March 14, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47452/bjasrep.v1i2.22.
Full textAbstract:
ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ONIONS (Allium cepa) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Choji Solomon S. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University, Bokkos. P.M. B 2012, Jos. Nigeria. Chojisolomon@gmail.com
+2347065752410
Damla Faith U. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University, Bokkos. P.M. B 2012, Jos. Nigeria
Barde Larry A. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University, Bokkos. P.M. B 2012, Jos. Nigeria
Zakka Riyang. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University Wukari. P.M.B 1020
Adegbite Adeshola. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. Ogbomoso. Oyo State.
Abstract.
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterised by high blood glucose level and abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and fat. The condition is characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia. Allium cepa leaf is a functional food used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The use of plants especially vegetable as antidiabetic remedies have added interest of joining two basic diabetes mellitus control factors: food and medication. The ethanol extract of Allium cepa leaf was investigated for antidiabetic effects using alloxan- induced diabetic wistar albino rats. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups; Group A rats were non-diabetic control. Diabetes was induced in groups B, C, D, E and F by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150mg/kg body weight). Group B were not treated and served as negative control group. Group C were treated with glibenclamide (5mg/kg body weight), thus served as postive control group. Groups D, E and F were treated with 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively for a period of two weeks through intraperitoneal route. The effect of treatment with the doses of the extract and standard drug were studied on blood glucose level, total serum cholesterol and body weight. Allium Cepa extract produced a dose- dependent significant reduction in the blood glucose level when compared with that of the control group. Significant total serum cholesterol reduction was observed at 300 and 400mg/kg. An observed decrease in body weight of the negative control group was recorded and significant increase for all other groups. The findings from this study indicate that the crude extract of Allium cepa leaf caused a significant hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats thus, validates its use in ethno – medicine for the control of diabetes mellitus.
KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Allium cepa, Alloxan, Blood glucose, Cholesterol Glibenclamide.
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders associated with disturbances in the metabolism of fuel molecules due to absolute deficiency of insulin, insufficient insulin secretion and / or its secretion [1]. It is a disorder that affects the body’s ability to make or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps transport glucose (blood sugar) from the bloodstream into the cells so they can break it down and use it for fuel. People cannot live without insulin [2]. It is also a widespread endocrine disorder that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and is found in all population throughout the world [3]
Despite the presence of anti-diabetic drugs in the pharmaceutical market, the treatment of diabetes with medicinal plants is often successful. Herbal medicine and plant components with insignificant toxicity and less or no side effect are notable therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease around the world [4]. The most common herbal active ingredients used in treating diabetes are flavonoids, tannins, phenols and alkaloids [5]. The existence of these compounds implies the importance of the anti-diabetic properties of these plants [4].
Allium cepa is one of the recognised medicinal plants known to possess several medicinal properties including lowering of blood pressure, antiseptic, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic activity [6]. In the rural communities, many people depend solely on medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes due to its easy accessibility, affordability and availability even when the efficacy of the herbal remedies has not been established [6].
Dietary therapy is unarguably the best treatment for diabetes. The diabetic diet should be carefully monitored to minimize the load placed on the blood glucose regulating mechanism. The use of plants, especially vegetables, by the population as antidiabetic remedies has added interest of joining two basic diabetes mellitus control factors: food and medication [7]. This research is thus geared towards finding a medicinal plant that will not only increase the energy content of diabetics but also lower glycaemic index properties for the management of diabetic pressures in our society.
2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS.
2.1 Materials.
2.1.1 Chemicals and Reagents.
Baker Ltd Dagenham, England, BDH Chemicals Ltd; Poole England, Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, USA, Emzor Pharmaceuticals Industry Ltd, Nigeria and Randox Laboratories. London, UK.
2.1.2 Plant
The Allium cepa leaves used for the experiment was bought from Barkin Ladi Market, Plateau State, Nigeria. The plants were identified by Professor Pob Poppva in the Department of Botany, University of Jos, Plateau State. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium unit of the department.
2.1.3 Experimental Animals.
A total of thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar albino rats weighing 80 to 150g and twelve (12) mice were used for the experiment. The experimental animals were purchased from Chris Animal Farm, G.R.A. Awka. They were housed six (6) rats per cage at the experimental Animal House of Biochemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. They were acclimatized for two weeks under standard laboratory conditions and were maintained on water and Guinea growers mash pellet (Vital Feed Grand Cereals Nigeria Ltd, Jos, Nigeria) that was obtained from Eke Market, Awka, Anambra State.
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Preparation of ethanol leaf extract of Allium cepa .
The leaves of Allium cepa were properly washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for three weeks. The dried leaves were then pulverised using corona manual grinding machine. The powdered samples of Allium cepa was weighed and exactly 1475g was extracted in 5 litres of 80% ethanol for 24 hours with occasional stirring, sieved and filtered using filter paper (Whatman number 1). The filtrate was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 600C and appeared as a dark brown gel solid. The extracts were kept in a labelled glass container and stored in a refrigerator until when required for reconstitution and administration.
2.2.2 Phytochemical Screening of Secondary metabolites(Constituents)
The qualitative phytochemical screening of the ethanol leaf extract of Allium cepa was carried out using standard procedures as outlined by [8], [9].
2.2.3 Acute toxicity and Median Lethal Dose (LD50) test of ethanol leaf extract of Allium cepa.
The median Lethal Dose (LD50) was determined using Wistar albino mice as described by the modified method of [10]. Test animals were divided into six (6) groups. The first 3 groups which contain 3 animals each were given 10mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 1000mg/kg body weight of the ethanol extract of Allium Cepa leaves. The Allium Cepa extract was administered orally and was monitored for 24 hours. The last 3 groups which contain one animal each per group were then given 1600mg/kg, 2900mg/kg and 5000mg/kg body weight of the ethanol extract of Allium Cepa leaves and were observed for 24 hours.
2.2.4 Induction of Diabetes.
Alloxan was prepared and induced by adopting the method of [11]. All rats, except for the normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with 150mg/kg body weight of the prepared alloxan dissolved in normal saline solution. The blood glucose levels of the rats were checked before the administration of alloxan using one touch glucometer (Fine touch, USA) and test strips. The rats were then fasted for 16 hours, but with free access to water after which they received an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 150mg/kg body weight. The rats were orally given 20ml each of 10% glucose solution after 2 hours to prevent hypoglycaemia. The animals were allowed free access to food and water after alloxan administration. After 48 hours of the alloxan administration, blood was collected orbito-rectally and their glucose levels were checked using one touch glucometer and test strips. Diabetes was confirmed to have been induced if the glucose level was observed to be far much higher than normal (above 140mg/dl).
2.2.5 Experimental Design
This study was carried out on alloxan –induced diabetic rats for two (2) weeks. A total of thirty-six (36) Wistar albino rats were used for the experiment. The albino rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups with six (6) rats in each group. The extract and the reference drug were administered intraperitoneally to the animals.
Group A – Normal (non-diabetic control)
Group B – Diabetic (negative) control group
Group C – Diabetic (positive) control – this group received 5mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide.
Group D – This group received 200mg/kg body weight of the extract.
Group E – This group received 300mg/kg body weight of the extract.
Group F – This group received 400mg/kg body weight of the extract
The weights of the animals were carefully monitored before the induction and throughout the duration of the experiment.
2.2.6 Biochemical Assay
2.2.6.1 Blood glucose level determination
Determination of the blood glucose level was done by the glucose-oxidase principle [12] using the one touch instrument and results were reported as mg/dl [13].
2.2.6.2 Determination of total serum cholesterol.
The cholesterol of the serum was oxidised to tetraene derivative by ferric ions derived from ferric perchlorate using four different test tubes that were marked test, control, standard and blank. The absorbance was measured (using spectrophotometer) at 590nm wavelength and compared with that of a pure solution of cholesterol [14]
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Ramzan, Fahad, Adnan Younis, and Ki-Byung Lim. "Application of Genomic In Situ Hybridization in Horticultural Science." International Journal of Genomics 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7561909.
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Molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as in situ hybridization methods, are admirable tools to analyze the genomic structure and function, chromosome constituents, recombination patterns, alien gene introgression, genome evolution, aneuploidy, and polyploidy and also genome constitution visualization and chromosome discrimination from different genomes in allopolyploids of various horticultural crops. Using GISH advancement as multicolor detection is a significant approach to analyze the small and numerous chromosomes in fruit species, for example,Diospyroshybrids. This analytical technique has proved to be the most exact and effective way for hybrid status confirmation and helps remarkably to distinguish donor parental genomes in hybrids such asClivia,Rhododendron, andLycorisornamental hybrids. The genome characterization facilitates in hybrid selection having potential desirable characteristics during the early hybridization breeding, as this technique expedites to detect introgressed sequence chromosomes. This review study epitomizes applications and advancements of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) techniques in horticultural plants.
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Lim, Yun-Ji, Junghwan Lee, Ji-Ae Choi, Soo-Na Cho, Sang-Hun Son, Sun-Jung Kwon, Ji-Woong Son, and Chang-Hwa Song. "Correction to: M1 macrophage dependent-p53 regulates the intracellular survival of mycobacteria." Apoptosis 25, no. 1-2 (November 27, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-019-01581-5.
Full textAbstract:
The original version of this article unfortunately contains an error in the acknowledgement section. The text “Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University” was omitted by mistake. The correct and complete acknowledgment is given below: Acknowledgments This work was supported by the research fund of Chungnam National University and the Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan. "Pharmacognosy: Science of natural products in drug discovery." BioImpacts 4, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2014.001.
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Gajdács, Márió. "Non-antibiotic pharmaceutical agents as antibiotic adjuvants." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 64, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2020.1.17-24.
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The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global public health issue, which severely hinders clinicians in providing patients with adequate antimicrobial treatment regimens. The strategy of drug repurposing is an emerging strategy in antimicrobial chemotherapy, during which new pharmacological uses are identified for drugs already approved. The aim of our present study was to assess the adjuvant properties of several existing and widely-used pharmacological agents against bacteria in combination with reference antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were selected for our experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested compounds were determined using the broth microdilution method, while a MIC reduction assay was performed to ascertain the effect of the tested compounds on the MICs of standard antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and gentamicin). Eight tested compounds (namely atorvastatin, celecoxib, clotrimazole, diclofenac-epolamine, ivermectin, lidocaine, mebendazole and terbinafine) showed antibacterial activity on the tested bacterial strains and several agents presented with various degrees of adjuvant (MIC-reducing) properties. Further experiments involving the screening of additional pharmaceutical compounds for their secondary antibacterial and adjuvant properties are warranted.
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Higashi, Nobuaki, and Hiroto Kawashima. "Meeting Report ^|^ldquo;International Symposium on Glyco-minded Biology of Diseases as a Basis of Pharmaceutical Sciences^|^rdquo; Welcome to the Village of Trendy and Thoughtful Sciences!" Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 25, no. 142 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.25.95.
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Inam, Onur, Ersin Demir, and Bengi Uslu. "Voltammetric Pathways for the Analysis of Ophthalmic Drugs." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190225163637.
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Background: This review investigates the ophthalmic drugs that have been studied with voltammetry in the web of science database in the last 10 years. Introduction: Ophthalmic drugs are used in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of various ophthalmological diseases and conditions. A significant literature has emerged in recent years that investigates determination of these active compounds via electroanalytical methods, particularly voltammetry. Low cost, rapid determination, high availability, efficient sensitivity and simple application make voltammetry one of the most used methods for determining various kinds of drugs including ophthalmic ones. Methods: In this particular review, we searched the literature via the web of science database for ophthalmic drugs which are investigated with voltammetric techniques using the keywords of voltammetry, electrochemistry, determination and electroanalytical methods. Results: We found 33 types of pharmaceuticals in nearly 140 articles. We grouped them clinically into seven major groups as antibiotics, antivirals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-glaucomatous drugs, steroidal drugs, local anesthetics and miscellaneous. Voltammetric techniques, electrodes, optimum pHs, peak potentials, limit of detection values, limit of quantification values, linearity ranges, sample type and interference effects were compared. Conclusion: Ophthalmic drugs are widely used in the clinic and it is important to determine trace amounts of these species analytically. Voltammetry is a preferred method for its ease of use, high sensitivity, low cost, and high availability for the determination of ophthalmic drugs as well as many other medical drugs. The low limits of detection values indicate that voltammetry is quite sufficient for determining ophthalmic drugs in many media such as human serum, urine and ophthalmic eye drops.
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Jiang, JiaQian, and Zhengwei Zhou. "Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues by Ferrate(VI)." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): e55729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055729.
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Walash, Mohamed, Fathalla Belal, Manal Eid, and Samah Abo EL Abass. "Spectrofluorometric Determination of Methocarbamol in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Human Plasma." Journal of Fluorescence 21, no. 2 (October 9, 2010): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-010-0742-x.
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Elbashir, Abdalla A., Shazalia M. Ali Ahmed, and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein. "New Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Cephalosporins in Pharmaceutical Formulations." Journal of Fluorescence 22, no. 3 (December 10, 2011): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-011-1021-1.
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Samanidou, V. F., K. I. Nikolaidou, and I. N. Papadoyannis. "Development and Validation of a Gradient‐HPLC‐PDAD Method for the Identification of Ballpoint Pen Ink Components: Study of Their Decomposition on Aging for Forensic Science Applications." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 27, no. 2 (January 2004): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-120027097.
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Franks, Felix. "Freeze-Drying/Lyophilisation of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products." Cryobiology 40, no. 4 (June 2000): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2000.2256.
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Al-Kindy, Salma M. Z., Zakiya Al-Harasi, Fakhr Eldin O. Suliman, Abdalla Al-Hamadi, and Avin Pillay. "Terbium Sensitized Luminescence for the Determination of Ketoprofen in Pharmaceutical Formulations." Journal of Fluorescence 19, no. 2 (September 5, 2008): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0410-6.
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Belal, F., M. Sharaf El-Din, F. Aly, M. Hefnawy, and M. El-Awady. "Fluorometric Determination of Bopindolol and Celiprolol in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Fluids." Journal of Fluorescence 22, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-012-1053-1.
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Keller, Stephen, Jorge Quiroz, Dave Christopher, Enaksha Wickremsinhe, Wanping Geng, Glen Hawthorne, Christopher James, et al. "The effectiveness of quality control samples in pharmaceutical bioanalysis." Bioanalysis 13, no. 3 (February 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0265.
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The use of quality control (QC) samples in bioanalysis is well established and consistent with regulatory guidance. However, a systematic evaluation of whether QC samples serve the intended purpose of improving data quality has not been undertaken. The Translational and ADME Sciences Leadership Group (TALG) of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) conducted an evaluation to assess whether closer agreement is observed when comparing pharmacokinetic data from two passed runs, than when comparing data from failed and passed (retest) runs. Analysis of data collected across organizations, molecular types and analytical platforms, revealed that bioanalytical methods are very reproducible; and that QC samples improve the overall quality of pharmacokinetic concentration data and justifies their continued use.
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East, James E., Karen M. Carter, Perry C. Kennedy, Nancy A. Schulte, Myron L. Toews, Kevin R. Lynch, and Timothy L. Macdonald. "Development of a phosphatase-resistant, l-tyrosine derived LPA1/LPA3 dual antagonist." MedChemComm 2, no. 4 (2011): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0md00273a.
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Kennedy-Smith, Joshua J., Nidhi Arora, J. Roland Billedeau, Jennifer Fretland, Julie Q. Hang, Gabrielle M. Heilek, Seth F. Harris, et al. "Synthesis and biological activity of new pyridone diaryl ether non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase." MedChemComm 1, no. 1 (2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0md00009d.
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