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CHAHIN, OSCAR. "BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE FOR LOW INCOME HOUSING IN CENTRAL FLORIDA." The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555249.
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O'Connell, Matthew J. (Mathew Jere). "A bioclimatic approach to integrated design : form, technology, and architectural knowledge." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11236.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-175).
This thesis explores a holistic design process through which architectural elements can engage the dynamic forces of natural phenomena and integrate the spatial and temporal experience of building form with its physical environment. The framework for this exploration is a contextual mapping of dynamical systems and complexity theory to the processes of architectural design. By incorporating concepts and methods from the study of non-linear dynamics, a broad base of scientific knowledge aimed at understanding physical behavior in nature, this thesis proposes a synthetic relationship between architectural elements, their physical performance in the context of natural phenomena, and their contribution to a coherent spatial structure. Modern technological imperatives have rephrased the sensible relationships between architecture, climate, and inhabited space as a problem for "environmental controls". The contemporary urban office building, under economic pretenses, exhibits a particular over-dependence on external machinery for light, ventilation, and thermal comfort, often to the detriment of physical experience. This thesis emphasizes the use of scientific knowledge and computational tools in the early processes of design in an attempt to investigate the manifestations of physical energy -- light, air, and heat --in the building's final form. By addressing these physical performance criteria as spatial influences during preliminary design, this thesis supports an integrated framework for professional collaboration and examines a cultural context for the application of architectural knowledge. A bioclimatic approach to design, therefore, is a synthetic response to the dialectic between the tectonics of physical experience and the dynamics of the natural environment.
by Matthew J. O'Connell.
M.Arch.
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Law, Joyce Hor Yan. "Towards bioclimatic high-rise buildings : is a bioclimatic design approach appropriate for improving environmental performance of high-rise buildings? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18966.pdf.
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Das, Nibedita. "Courtyards houses of Kolkata : bioclimatic, typological and socio-cultural study." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/146.
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Sankarapu, Sridevi. "Patterns of bioclimatic design in residential architecture of Charles Correa in the hot-humid region in western India." Kansas State University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36134.
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Campos, Navarro Fidel Ernesto. "Arquitetura e clima na Bolivia : uma proposta de zoneamento bioclimatico." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257695.
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Orientador: Mauricio RorizDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T21:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamposNavarro_FidelErnesto_M.pdf: 24455849 bytes, checksum: 1545430cfcbfbeb60fea785ffb1f44fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O clima compreende um conjunto de variáveis climáticas, que dependendo do seu maior ou do menor grau de incidência é capaz de configurar e de caracterizar o bioclima de uma determinada região. Portanto, é imprescindível para a área da Construção e do Conforto que se tenha um conhecimento prévio do bioclima da região, com o propósito de conceber ambientes construídos confortáveis, por meio do aproveitamento das potencialidades energéticas naturais que são oferecidas pelo ambiente circundante à localização do projeto arquitetõnico. Por isso, o presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de zoneamento bioclimático para a Bolívia, tendo como referência a análise das adequações construtivas utilizadas na arquitetura vernácula boliviana, em resposta ao clima das zonas. Este trabalho consistiu em duas etapas: a primeira - na coleta de dados medidos (normais climatológicas) sobre Temperaturas e de Umidades de 72 localidades bolivianas e 18 de países vizinhos, além de duas bases de dados interpolados: altitudes e normais climatológicas de todo o planeta. Para complementar espacialmente os dados climáticos, utilizou-se um processo de interpolação d,enominado Média Aritmética entre pontos vizinhos, o que permitiu produzir uma nova base de dados para o território boliviano. Posteriormente, esses dados foram novamente submetidos ao software ABC - Architectural Bioclimatic Classification o que finalmente resultou na definição de oito zonas bioclimáticas. Na segunda etapa - a partir da localização de alguns exemplos de arquitetura vernácula e da obtenção das normais climatológicas do seus respectivos locais, estes dados foram submetidos ao software ABC e às Planilhas de Mahoney Adaptada, com o objetivo de quantificar e qualificar as estratégias bioclimáticas necessárias, para fazer uma analogia dos parâmetros de correção a nível arquitetõnico utilizados pelos construtores nativos. Observou-se uma grande correlação entre as recomendações bioclimáticas das zonas determinadas e as respostas construtivas vernáculas. Portanto, o zoneamento bioclimático resultante pode orientar na escolha das estratégias bioclimáticas e, desta forma, contribuir com o desempenho térmico interno dos ambientes construídos
Abstract: Climate is a set of climatic variables which, depending on the force with which they act, can affect the bioclimate of a region. It is therefore necessary for the Building and Comfort area to know beforehand the climate of a region, so as to provide comfortable buildings by leveraging the natural energy potential of the environment around the architecture project. This work presents a bioclimaticzoning project for Bolivia, using as a reference the building adaptations made by Bolivian vernacular architecture in response to the zones' climates. This was divided into two steps: first, collecting data (climate normais) on temperature and humidity of 72 places in Boliviaand 18 places in neighbouring countries, along with two interpolated databases: altitude and climatic normais for the entire planeI. To complement spacially the climatic data, we used an interpolation process called Arithmetic Mean of Neighbouring Points, which allowed us to create a new database of the Bolivianterritory. Then these data were fed again to the ~BC (Architectural Bioclamatic Classification) software, which resulted in the defining of eight bioclimaticzones. In the second step, from the examples of vernacular architecture found and the climatic normals obtained from their sites, these data was fed to the ABC software and to the Adapted Mahoney Tables, in order to quantify and classify the necessary bioclimatic strategies so as to make an analogy with the architectural correction parameters used by the native constructors. We noticed a strong relation between bioclimatic recomendations of the determined zones and the vernacular building solutions. Therefore the resulting bioclimatic zoning can serve as a guide in choosing the bioclimatic strategies and contribute to the internal thermal performance of buildings
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Liu, Yiwei. ""Atrium type" collective housing in Suzhou: : applying bioclimatic principles in open building design." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191712.
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iDuring the past twenty years, China has been making dramatic progress in both the quality and the quantity of collective housing construction. However, many old problems still exist, and many more new problems have emerged, especially in some historical and compact but now fastgrowing cities, such as Suzhou, a 2500-year historic city with more than one million people.The objective of this study is to explore a design strategy to improve the collective dwelling environment --- the most popular dwelling type in China today --- in such a fast growing context. In order to provide an improvement in urban dwelling environments for residents, it is necessary to rethink the interaction between the individual resident and his or her dwelling. "Because building a house is a cultural phenomenon, its form and organization are greatly influenced by the cultural milieu to which it belongs."' In concurrence with this statement, this study examines not only the contemporary urban situation and typical residential environment but also the traditional urban fabric and housing settlement.Based on the principle that a harmonious environment results from "a whole range of sociocultural factors"Z, this study seeks several equilibriums: between the urban tissue and the building, between the building and the dwelling, between nature and the human being. The author's longterm goal is to apply the knowledge gained in this study in future practice.In the first part of this report, theoretical research is presented concerning the evolution of Chinese housing. Narrowing its geographical focus, this study selects Suzhou, a medium-size city at Yangtze Delta --- one of the most rapidly growing and developing plains in China --- as the site for the study. The historical dwelling pattern and current public housing style have been studied. Drawing on extensive research and field observation, the scope of the study is confined to rebuilding the harmony between human beings in all their diversity and common needs, and the morphological, functional and environmental aspects of residential environments.In the second part, a design model is proposed. Inspired by traditional interdisciplinary design strategies, as well as by a brief study of contemporary social needs, the author has proposed a new housing type: bio-climatic "atrium type" collective housing. This type links bioclimatic design principles to the framework of Open Building. On this basis, an experimental design proposal is next presented. In a specific site, it examines a way to help people exercise control of their immediate living environment, with both individual and social sustainable perspectives in mind.Department of Architecture
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Zarcone, Roberta. "Tradition constructive et innovation pour l’architecture bioclimatique dans la région méditerranéenne en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1146.
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Le bâti traditionnel dans le bassin méditerranéen, avec son riche parcours historique, reflète les nécessités socioculturelles pour lesquelles il a été construit. Les besoins environnementaux interagissent et se superposent en déterminant, en milieu urbain, des solutions typologiques et constructives récurrentes. Les solutions architecturales du bâtiment historique méditerranéen présentent des qualités formelles, structurelles et fonctionnelles remarquables et, grâce à la capacité d'adaptation au contexte climatique local, elles garantissent également un bon niveau de confort environnemental interne. De nos jours, la nécessité de réduire les consommations d’énergie dans le domaine de la construction entraîne le développement de la recherche vers des solutions innovantes qui combinent l’expérimentation sur les nouveaux matériaux et technologies, et la réappropriation des connaissances et des principes de construction de l’architecture « traditionnelle » en milieu dense. Porté par ces thématiques, étendues aux interactions entre les éléments du bâti et l’ensemble des facteurs qui participent à la détermination du confort intérieur des usagers dans les bâtiments traditionnels en région méditerranéenne, notre questionnement de base est parti des interrogations suivantes : pouvons-nous récupérer des savoir-faire techniques perdus ou oubliés pour répondre aux problématiques actuelles de réduction de consommation énergétique des bâtiments ? Comment réinterpréter certains aspects caractéristiques des bâtiments traditionnels avec les technologies et matériaux contemporains ? Quels outils de conception sont à mettre en place? Nous voulions ainsi reconstruire un modèle d'architecture traditionnelle en se concentrant sur une ville en particulier, Palerme, pour sa capacité à illustrer, à travers ses phases historiques, l'évolution d'une métropole méditerranéenne; sur tous les sous-systèmes (ville, bâtiment, composant constructif), nous retrouvons l’idée de transmission, avec des qualités implicites de permanence, d’héritage, de répétition et de durabilité. Ce choix nous permet, également, de cerner notre champ de recherche sans se perdre dans la multitude de variables possibles. En s’appuyant sur des recherches scientifiques actuelles et passées, et sur des calculs numériques réalisés, nous essaierons d’évaluer les performances énergétiques de cette architecture qui est souvent considérée comme une forme empirique d’architecture « bioclimatique ».La connaissance du comportement thermique de ce bâti représente une phase préparatoire fondamentale afin de proposer des outils de conception pour la modélisation et l’évaluation thermique de systèmes technologiques innovants, capables de réinterpréter certains aspects de l’architecture traditionnelle avec la mise en place de matériaux ou techniques contemporainsWith its rich history, the traditional building in the Mediterranean Basin reflects the socio-cultural needs for which it was built: environmental needs interact and overlap, determining cyclic typological and constructive solutions in urban areas. The architectural solutions of the historic Mediterranean building have remarkable formal, structural and functional qualities and, thanks to their ability to adapt to the local climate context, they also guarantee a good level of internal environmental comfort. The need to reduce energy consumption in the construction field leads today towards the research of innovative solutions that combine experimentation on new materials and technologies and the re-appropriation of knowledge and principles of ‘traditional’ architecture in a dense environment.Moving from these considerations, and taking into account the interactions between the elements of the frame and all the factors involved in determining the internal user’s comfort in traditional buildings in the Mediterranean Region, we asked the following questions: can we recover lost or forgotten technical know-how to answer the current problems of reduction of buildings energy consumption? How to reinterpret certain peculiar aspects of traditional buildings with contemporary technologies and materials? What design tools are needed? We wanted to reconstruct a model of traditional architecture by focusing on a particular city, Palermo, due to its ability to illustrate the evolution of a Mediterranean metropolis through its historical phases; in all subsystems - city, building, component - we find the idea of transmission with implicit qualities of permanence, inheritance, repetition and durability. This choice also allows us to define our field of research without getting lost in the multitude of possible variables. Based on past and current scientific research, along with numerical calculations, we will try to evaluate the energy performance of this architecture, often considered as an empirical form of ‘bioclimatic’ architecture.The knowledge of the thermal behaviour of this building represents a pivotal preparatory phase in order to propose design tools for the modelling and thermal evaluation of innovative technological systems, capable of reinterpreting certain aspects of traditional architecture with the introduction of materials or contemporary techniques
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Oliveira, Cláudia Patrícia Fontes de. "Arquitetura bioclimática e o turismo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20273.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A desconexão que atualmente se presencia entre o edificado e a sua envolvente tem vindo a contribuir para um aumento exponencial do consumo de energia e da dependência de sistemas de climatização mecânicos. No contexto atual, os conceitos utilizados na arquitetura bioclimática podem ser potenciais aliados numa ação de reabilitação, sendo que esta surge de uma vontade de mudança de paradigmas, regressando a um tipo de construção que se enquadre na sua localização, tirando proveito das especificidades do clima e das características ambientais da região. Tendo como área de implantação um terreno com edifício em ruína, no núcleo muralhado da cidade de Lagos, Distrito de Faro, propõe-se alcançar uma solução económica e ambientalmente viável para a construção de um hotel de charme. Procura perceber-se em que medida os princípios da arquitetura bioclimática poderão contribuir para a melhoria das condições térmicas do edificado, de que forma podem ajudar a uma redução de consumo energético.
ABSTRACT: The current disconnect between the buildings and its surroundings has contributed to an exponential increase in energy consumption and dependence on mechanical climate systems. In the current context, the concepts used in bioclimatic architecture can be potential allies in a rehabilitation action, which arises from a desire to change paradigms, returning to a type of construction that fits in its location, taking advantage of the specificities of the climate. and the environmental characteristics of the region. Having as its implantation area a ruined building, in the walled core of the city of Lagos, Faro District, it is proposed to reach an economically and environmentally viable solution for the construction of a Boutique hotel. It seeks to understand to what extent the principles of bioclimatic architecture can contribute to the improvement of the thermal conditions of the building, how they can help to reduce energy consumption.
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Torrado, Marcos António Aragão. "Estudo de soluções construtivas aplicadas à reabilitação energética de edifícios." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14907.
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A aposta na reabilitação do parque edificado, conduzirá a inequívocos benefícios a nível social, económico e ambiental, assegurando-se assim uma acrescida sustentabilidade do setor da cons-trução civil de impacte tão determinante na nossa vida.
Esta dissertação desenvolver-se-á com o intuito de estimular a reabilitação do parque patrimonial edificado português, estudando soluções diversificadas, processos construtivos e disposições arquitetónicas que permitam assegurar uma evolução em termos de reduções do consumo ener-gético e consequentes emissões de gases poluentes.
Para tal, analisar-se-á um caso prático de uma moradia no Algarve que apresenta um comporta-mento térmico deplorável, e onde se estudará o impacte de uma intervenção a nível energético, como o isolamento da envolvente, a aplicação de envidraçados mais apropriados para clima algarvio ou a aplicação de sombreamentos. Será efetuado um balanço a nível de impacte ecoló-gico e económico, averiguando-se a redução de emissões poluentes, o investimento necessário e o seu tempo de retorno; ABSTRACT: Betting on the rehabilitation of the building stock will lead to unequivocal social, economic and environmental benefits, therefore ensuring an increased sustainability of the civil construction sector which has a determinant impact on our lives.
This dissertation will develop in order to stimulate the rehabilitation of the Portuguese built her-itage park, studying diverse solutions, construction processes and architectural dispositions that can ensure an evolution in terms of energy consumption reductions and consequent greenhouse gas emissions.
To do so, it will be analyzed a case study of a dwelling in Algarve with deplorable thermal be-havior, studying the impact of an energetic intervention, such as the insulation of the envelope, the application of glazing more suitable for Algarve’s clime or the application of shadings. An assessment will be conducted environmentally and economically by examining the reduction of pollutant emissions, the required investment and his return time.
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Kuismanen, K. (Kimmo). "Climate-conscious architecture—design and wind testing method for climates in change." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289125.
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Abstract The main objective of this research was to develop practical tools with which it is possible to improve the environment, micro-climate and energy economy of buildings and plans in different climate zones, and take the climate change into account. The parts of the study are: – State of art study into existing know-how about climate and planning. – Study of the effects of climate change on the built environment. – Development of simple micro-climate, nature and built environment analysis methods. – Defining the criteria of an acceptable micro-climatic environment. – Development of the wind test blower. – Presenting ways to interpret test results and draw conclusions. – Development of planning and design guidelines for different climate zones. An important part of the research is the development of the CASE wind test instrument, different wind simulation techniques, and the methods of observing the results. Bioclimatic planning and architectural design guidelines for different climate zones are produced. The analyse tools developed give a qualitative overall view, which can be deepened towards a quantitative analyse with wind testing measurements and roughness calculations. No mechanical rules are suggested, but complementary viewpoints and practices introduced to a normal planning process as well as improvement of consultative knowledge. The “method” is that there is no strict mechanical method, but a deeper understanding of bioclimatic matters. Climate-conscious planning with the developed CASE method, make it possible to design a better micro-climate for new or old built-up areas. Winds can be used in to ventilate exhaust fumes and other pollutants, which improves the quality of air and the healthiness of the urban environment. The analyses and scale-model tests make it possible to shield cold windy areas and to diminish the cooling effect of wind on facades. According to studies in Scandinavian countries this will bring energy savings of 5–15 per cent. The method can be used to: – Evaluation of the cooling effect of wind. Areas and facades exposed to wind. – Evaluation of the wind comfort at the pedestrian level. Windy areas, relative wind speeds. – Enhancing wind-forced ventilation. Positive and negative pressures at the inlets and outlets. – Analysis of the diffusion of pollutants. Ventilation of streets and areas. – Avoiding the damages caused by wind. Planning and designing wind protective solutions. – Characterisation of the wind loading of small and medium-size street architecture items. Designing wind resistant and protective items and plantings. – Analysing the drifting of snow. Placing of snow fencesTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli kehittää käytännöllisiä suunnitteluvälineitä, joilla voidaan parantaa ympäristöä, mikroilmastoa sekä rakennusten ja kaavojen energiataloutta eri ilmastovyöhykkeissä, sekä varautua ilmaston muutokseen. Tutkimuksen osat ovat: – Selvitys tämän hetkisestä ilmastoon ja suunnitteluun liittyvästä osaamisesta. – Selvitys ilmaston muutoksen vaikutuksesta rakennetulle ympäristölle. – Yksinkertaisten mikroilmasto-, luonto- ja rakennetunympäristön analyysien kehittäminen. – Määritellä hyväksyttävän mikroilmaston kriteerit. – Kehittää pienoismallien tuulitestauslaite. – Kehittää metodit testitulosten analysoimiseksi ja johtopäätösten vetämiseksi. – Laatia kaavoitus- ja rakennussuunnitteluohjeet eri ilmastovyöhykkeille. Tärkeä osa tutkimusta oli CASE tuulitestauslaitteen, erilaisten tuulen simulointitekniikoiden ja testausten havainnointimenetelmien kehittäminen. Kehitettiin bioklimaattisen kaavoituksen ja arkkitehtisuunnittelun suunnitteluohjeet eri ilmastovyöhykkeisiin. Kehitetyt analyysimenetelmät antavat laadullisen yleiskuvan, jota voidaan syventää määrällisen analyysin suuntaan käyttämällä tuulitestausmittauksia ja karheuslaskelmia. Mitään mekaanisia metodeita ei ehdoteta, vaan halutaan lisätä tieto-taitoa sekä uusia näkökulmia ja työtapoja nykyisiin kaavoitus- ja konsultointikäytäntöihin. ”Metodi” on siinä, ettei ole mitään kaavamaista metodia, vaan bioklimaattisten tekijöiden syvempi ymmärtäminen. Kehitetyn CASE metodin mukaisella ilmastotietoisella suunnittelulla voidaan aikaansaada parempi mikroilmasto sekä uusilla että vanhoilla rakennetuilla alueilla. Tuulen avulla voidaan tuulettaa pakokaasut ja muut ilmansaasteet, ja näin parantaa rakennetun ympäristön ilmanlaatua ja terveellisyyttä. Analyysien ja pienoismallien tuulitestauksen avulla voidaan suojautua kylmiltä tuulilta ja vähentää tuulen julkisivuja jäähdyttävää vaikutusta. Skandinaavisten tutkimusten mukaan näin voidaan saavuttaa 5–25 prosentin energiansäästö. Metodia voidaan käyttää mm. seuraaviin tarkoituksiin: – Arvioida tuulen jäähdyttävää vaikutusta. Selvittää tuulelle alttiit alueet ja julkisivut. – Arvioida tuulen vaikutusta jalankulun mukavuuteen. Tuuliset alueet ja suhteelliset tuulennopeudet. – Tehostaa painovoimaista ilmanvaihtoa. Positiiviset ja negatiiviset paineet ilmastoinnin sisäänmeno- ja ulostuloaukoissa. – Analysoida saasteiden leviämistä. Katujen ja alueiden tuulettaminen. – Torjua tuulen aiheuttamia tuhoja. Kaavoittaa ja suunnitella tuulelta suojaavia ratkaisuita. – Luonnehtia pieniin ja keskikokoisiin ulkona oleviin rakenteisiin kohdistuvia tuulikuormia. Suunnitella tuulenkestäviä ja suojaavia rakennelmia ja istutuksia. – Analysoida lumen kinostumista. Lumiaitojen sijoittelu
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Castanhas, Tatiana Andreia Queirós. "Aldeias do Xisto." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21756.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado com a especialização em ArquiteturaO interior rural português é rico em exemplos de arquitetura vernacular e paisagens urbano-rurais construídas em xisto, fundamentais na sua imagem identitária, plasmando nos edifícios, muros e caminhos a resposta da sabedoria popular à dureza e austeridade do clima, do trabalho agrícola e do modelo de vida associado durante séculos. Com a industrialização e a perda de importância da agricultura na economia do país, à qual veio agregada a crescente importância dos serviços e a atratividade dos grandes centros urbanos, assistiu-se ao esbater da dicotomia Urbanidade / Ruralidade, dando origem a fluxos migratórios, esvaziando e envelhecendo o interior do país, degradando progressivamente o seu tecido social, económico e construtivo – mantendo-se ainda assim as ligações afetivas às terras de origem, e por vezes no retorno, recuperando-se as edificações familiares, com novas referências formais e construtivas, para estadias temporárias ou a merecida reforma. Integradas neste território - abandonadas pelos seus habitantes mas cada vez mais procuradas por uma sociedade global do lazer e da comunicação, que associada à perda de qualidade de vida pelo excessivo stress urbano, incentivaram um turismo de lazer, apoiado na natureza e no património ( com cada vez mais adeptos) - as Aldeias do Xisto são um projecto / programa que integra municípios da Região Centro, e que tem como objectivo essencial o desenvolvimento turístico sustentável apoiado na cultura, paisagem, património e produtos / actividades tradicionais locais. No contexto destas aldeias, pressionadas para uma reabilitação sustentável do seu tecido construtivo face a estes objectivos, respondendo às novas exigências técnicas e qualitativas, mas mantendo o “espírito do lugar” e as suas referências formais construtivas, configuram-se novos desafios metodológicos e técnicos, quer para as intervenções arquitetónicas de reabilitação, quer para a construção nova aqui integrada. Esta tese, a partir da análise das intervenções já realizadas no território (e em contextos semelhantes), propõe um conjunto de critérios (conducentes a uma metodologia de intervenção e avaliação flexível e programática), organizados em torno da autenticidade e sustentabilidade das abordagens formais e construtivas, bem como da sua integração na paisagem natural e urbana – tendo como foco uma reabilitação arquitectónica ou construções novas que respeitem as lições culturais e bioclimáticas do passado, mas que abracem soluções e exigências contemporâneas integradas com coerência e rigor - mantendo como matriz o Xisto e a sua imagem identitária, ao nível do edifício, conjunto urbano e paisagem, e quando possível promovendo o repovoamento diversificado destas aldeias em sinergia com uma actividade turística sustentável.
ABSTRACT: The Portuguese rural interior territory is rich in examples of vernacular architecture and urban / rural landscapes built in Schist, seminal to its identity and perception, reflecting through the stone in buildings, exterior walls and paths the hardness and austerity of climate, agricultural work and the associated living model of the past. With the industrialization and the loss of importance of agriculture in the country's economy, to which came aggregated the growing importance of services and the attractiveness of large urban centers, the dichotomy between Urbanity and Rurality faded, giving rise to migratory flows, emptying and aging the interior of the country, progressively degrading its social, economic and constructive fabric – people still maintaining affective links to the roots, coming back sometimes to recover the family dwellings, with new formal and constructive references, for temporary periods of time or the deserved reform. Integrated in this territory - abandoned by its inhabitants but increasingly sought after by a global society of leisure and communication, which associated with the loss of quality of life by the excessive urban stress , encouraged leisure tourism, supported by nature and heritage (with more and more adherents) - the Schist Villages are a project / program that integrates municipalities of the Central Region, and which has as its essential objective sustainable tourism development supported by culture, landscape, heritage and traditional products / activities. In the context of these villages, pressed for a sustainable rehabilitation of their constructive fabric in the face of the proposed goal, responding to new technical and qualitative requirements -but aspiring to maintain the "soul of the place" and their constructive formal references - new methodological and technical challenges are needed, both for architectural interventions of rehabilitation and for designing and integrating new constructions. This thesis, based on the analysis of interventions already carried out in the territory (and in similar contexts), proposes a set of criteria (conducive to a flexible and programmatic intervention and evaluation methodology), organized around the authenticity and sustainability of formal and constructive proposals, as well as their integration into the natural and urban landscape – focusing on an architectural rehabilitation or new constructions that respect the cultural and bioclimatic lessons of the past, but also embrace contemporary solutions and requirements integrated with coherence and rigor - keeping the Schist as matrix and identity image - at the level of the building, urban complex and landscape - and when possible promoting the diversified repopulation of these villages in synergy with a sustainable tourism activity.
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Ferreira, Pedro Guilherme Mateus. "Arquitectura bioclimática na cidade consolidada. Aplicação de boas práticas construtivas do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos para escola informal." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5822.
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Sabater, Musa Luis E. "Thermal Delight in Santo Domingo." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490702057428385.
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Souza, Cássia Rafaela Brum. "Telhado verde e sua contribuição para a redução da temperatura ambiente em construções para Cascavel/PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/803.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-15Since the second half of the nineteenth century, energy plays a key role in the gear of modern industrial society, moving numerous systems and equipment, but its overuse has caused its scarcity. Assuming that renewable energy comes from renewable resources, naturally replenished, from the sun, wind, rain, tides and geothermal energy, some can be exploited intensively, and when combined with bioclimatic architecture and energy efficiency can have adequate thermal inertia a building with adequate insulation elements, maintaining thermal comfort inside the room during times of peak temperature and solar radiation outside and thus respectively controlling excess heat. To this end this work becomes significant because it was developed in order to provide two different conditions of buildings, in which the cover is differentiating factor for withdrawals and verification of energy efficiency. The research shows the variation of the internal temperature of the environment covered by the green roof and a conventional, and their loss to the environment over the hours of the day and night as well as the influence of the green roof substrate at room temperature inside, demonstrating the efficiency of the green roof.
Desde a segunda metade do século XIX, a energia desempenha papel fundamental na engrenagem da sociedade industrial moderna, movimentando inúmeros sistemas e equipamentos, porém seu uso demasiado vem causando a sua escassez. Partindo do pressuposto de que a energia renovável vem de recursos renováveis, naturalmente reabastecidos, proveniente do sol, vento, chuva, marés e energia geotérmica, algumas podem ser exploradas intensivamente, e quando aliadas a arquitetura bioclimática e eficiência energética pode-se ter ganhos consideráveis com a inércia térmica em uma edificação, com elementos de adequado isolamento, assegurando o conforto térmico no interior do ambiente durante horas de maior temperatura e radiação solar no exterior e assim respectivamente, controlar o excesso de calor. Com este objetivo o trabalho se torna expressivo, pois foi desenvolvido a fim de propiciar duas condições diferentes de construções, nas quais a cobertura é fator diferencial para os levantamentos e verificação da eficiência energética, obtendo resultados relevantes quando comparados os dois protótipos do experimento, um com telhado convencional e outro com telhado verde. A pesquisa apresentou a variação das temperaturas internas do ambiente coberto pelo telhado verde e de um convencional, e suas perdas para o meio ao longo das horas do dia e da noite, bem como a influência do substrato do telhado verde na temperatura interna do ambiente, demonstrando a eficiência do telhado verde.
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Alulayet, Mansour A. "Exploring measures to improve the energy efficiency of office building in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17137.
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Saudi Arabia has developed a prescriptive energy building code to achieve low energy consumption in office buildings through setting minimum requirements for each building envelope characteristics. This thesis argues that new measures are needed to improve the energy efficiency office buildings in Saudi Arabia to meet new targets worldwide and in the region. To understand what measures should be used the thesis investigates the Saudi energy building code set of requirements for office buildings. By understanding, how significant the external heat loads from the extreme climatic conditions can affect the Saudi building energy performance. As a consequence of the climate, the building envelope parameters and the building typology significantly influences the active energy systems in the building. It is argued that the Saudi energy building code can evolve to a stronger tool for high-performance buildings by moving to performance-based code. The methodology to address these issues was setting a full simulation series starting from a real office building data for calibration, then developing a group of reference buildings for the simulation runs. The simulations were examining the building envelope variables. A sensitivity analysis of building envelope variables and development of energy provisions for windows where needed. The SBC expected to achieve a worldwide energy efficacy level in office buildings. However, the findings have presented that by tweaking the façade requirements the total energy consumption dropped from 150 to 106 kWh/m2 a year. Improvements in technologies and cost efficiency buildings, energy could drop to as low as 81.5 kWh/m2 a year, to go further internal loads need to be investigated.
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Mueller, Cecília Mattos. "Espaços de ensino-aprendizagem com qualidade ambiental: o processo metodológico para elaboração de um anteprojeto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-19092007-142731/.
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A pesquisa intitulada de Espaços de ensino-aprendizagem com qualidade ambiental: o processo metodológico para elaboração de um anteprojeto tem como objeto de estudo o espaço físico onde são realizadas as atividades de ensino e aprendizagem em uma escola. O objetivo final é exemplificar, através de estudos preliminares para um anteprojeto de uma escola pública de 1° grau, o processo metodológico para a elaboração de projetos com qualidade ambiental (térmica, luminosa, acústica, visual e ergonômica). A metodologia da pesquisa compreende: a revisão bibliográfica sobre conforto ambiental em escolas e arquitetura bioclimática; a proposta de etapas que configuram uma metodologia de projeto com enfoque ambiental; os estudos preliminares para um anteprojeto de escola; a verificação do desempenho térmico e luminoso das salas de aula propostas. Essa pesquisa busca mostrar que é possível, dentro da rotina habitual e do exercício profissional dos arquitetos, incorporar a metodologia de projeto aqui apresentada para se alcançar a relação ótima entre forma, estética, racionalidade construtiva, custo, conforto ambiental e eficiência energética.This research, entitled Teaching and learning spaces with environmental quality: the methodological process for buildings design has the space where the teaching and learning activities take place in a school as the main subject. The final goal is to use a design of a public elementary school to give an example of the methodological process of projects building with environmental quality (thermal, lighting, acoustic, visual and ergonomic). The research methodology involves: the bibliographic revision of environmental comfort in schools and bioclimatic architecture; one proposal of stages to build together a project methodology with environmental focus; the preliminary studies for a school project; thermal and lighting performance verification of the proposed classrooms. This research aims to show that it is possible - during the architects\' routine and professional activity - to adopt the methodological process presented here in order to achieve the optimal ratio among shape, esthetics, constructive rationality, economic cost, environmental comfort and energy efficiency.
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Flores, Michelle Gomes. "GERAÇÃO DA BASE CLIMÁTICA DE SANTA MARIA -RS- PARA ANÁLISE DE DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO E EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA DE EDIFICAÇÕES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7862.
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The treatment and the availability of climatological data are essential to the buildings
bioclimatic design. Energy efficiency can only be achieved when the plan considers local
weather specificities. This study contributes with the subject through the systematization of
climate data for the region of Santa Maria, RS. The data were collected to generate the Test
Reference Year (TRY), the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY), the bioclimatic chart (via
Analysis Bio and Psychros software), weather files compatible with programs such as
EnergyPlus and Design Builder, the diagram of winds (wind rose) elaborated by the software
Analysis SOL-AR and the typical day of project. Some of these systematizations already
existed but they were related to a lower period of years. The study inputted hourly data of
twelve years (2002 to 2013) and updated the data treatment methods. The files generation was
based in a scientific bibliography and methodologies that have been employed by research
groups concerned with the issue, such as works developed by Duffie and Beckmann (1980),
Goulart (1993), Pereira (2004), Carlo and Lamberts (2005) and Roriz (2012). The results were
conformed in a language accessible to designers and other agents in order to promote its
effective use for better energy efficiency and comfort of building users in Santa Maria s
region. Is was obtained 28,5% of comfort and 71,5% of discomfort. The ventilation is the
main strategy for the summer, with 18,4%. For the cold, the solar heating, with 29,4%, is the
best percentage. In relation to the summer winds direction, the predominant orientation is
east. Therewith, the major importance of this research is in the knowledge of bioclimatic
guidelines that help architects and engineers in architectonic propositions adjusted to the
clime, besides the availability of climate files for thermo-energetic simulation.O tratamento e a disponibilização de dados climáticos para o projeto bioclimático de edificações são fundamentais. A eficiência energética só pode ser atingida quando o projeto considera as especificidades do clima local. Este estudo contribui com o assunto através da sistematização de dados climáticos para a região de Santa Maria, RS. Os dados foram tratados de forma a gerar o Ano Climático de Referência (TRY) e o Ano Meteorológico Típico (TMY), a carta bioclimática (através dos programas Analysis Bio e Psychros), arquivos climáticos compatíveis com programas como o EnergyPlus e Design Builder, o diagrama de ventos (rosa dos ventos) elaborado pelo software Analysis SOL-AR e o dia de projeto típico. Algumas dessas sistematizações já existiam, porém em um período de anos inferior. O estudo incorporou dados horários de doze anos (2002 a 2013) e atualizou os métodos de tratamento de dados. A geração dos arquivos baseou-se em bibliografia científica e metodologias que vêm sendo empregadas por grupos de pesquisa envolvidos no tema, como em trabalhos desenvolvidos por Duffie e Beckmann (1980), Goulart (1993), Pereira (2004), Carlo e Lamberts (2005) e Roriz (2012). Os resultados foram conformados em uma linguagem acessível aos projetistas e outros agentes a fim de promover seu efetivo uso na melhor eficiência energética e conforto dos usuários de edificação da região de Santa Maria. Obtevese 28,5% de conforto e 71,5% de desconforto. A ventilação é a principal estratégia para verão, com 18,4%. Para o frio, o aquecimento solar, com 29,4%, é a maior porcentagem. Em relação à direção de ventos de verão, a orientação predominante é o leste. Com isso, a grande importância dessa pesquisa está no conhecimento de diretrizes bioclimáticas para auxiliar os arquitetos e engenheiros em suas propostas arquitetônicas adequadas ao clima, além da disponibilidade de arquivos climáticos para simulação energética.
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Oliveira, Paolo Américo de. "Influência dos elementos de envoltória no desempenho termo-energético de edifícios institucionais no clima tropical semiárido." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/660.
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Energy efficiency in buildings is related to the accommodation of the building to the local climate. Studies on the bioclimatic architecture and energy efficiency of buildings in the Brazilian semiarid tropical climate are still rare. With an implementation of instruments establishing differentiated architectural recommendations, according to the climatic situation, the planning and building more suitable for optimal use of electricity buildings is necessary. This study analyzes the influence of the architectural variables in the electricity consumption of institutional buildings located on the campus UFERSA, Mossoró/RN, whose climate is tropical semi-arid. For this, data were collected through architectural projects and surveys in the buildings. Information registered were related to: morphological characterization of buildings, identification of characteristics such as number of floors, arrangement and use of environments, cardinal orientation of facades, arrangement of transparent elements such as windows and doors and the thermal properties of the materials in constructive systems used. For the evaluation of thermal and energetic performance of the identified parameters was used EnergyPlus, that estimates the electricity consumption of land throughout the year using similar models simulating the target buildings in this study. From this procedure, it was found that the architectural variables directly influence the energy consumption of buildings and a list of recommendations was proposed to be followed so that the future constructions of buildings in semiarid tropical climate be more thermal and energetic efficient
A eficiência energética em edifícios está relacionada à adequação da edificação ao clima no qual está situado. Estudos direcionados à arquitetura bioclimática e à eficiência energética de edifícios em clima tropical semiárido brasileiro ainda são escassos. Com a implantação de instrumentos que estabelecem recomendações arquitetônicas diferenciadas de acordo com a situação climática, se faz necessária à disseminação de informações estratégicas para o planejamento e produção de edifícios mais adequados ao uso otimizado da eletricidade. Desse modo, este estudo propõe uma análise da influência das variáveis arquitetônicas no consumo de energia elétrica de edificações institucionais situadas na UFERSA, Campus de Mossoró/RN, cujo clima é tropical semiárido. Para tanto, foram coletados dados por meio dos projetos arquitetônicos destas edificações e em vistorias in loco. As informações registradas foram relativas à: caracterização morfológica dos edifícios, identificação de características como o número de pavimentos, disposição e uso dos ambientes, orientação cardeal das fachadas, disposição de elementos transparentes como janelas e portas e as propriedades térmicas dos materiais que compõem os sistemas construtivos utilizados. Para avaliação de desempenho termo-energético destes parâmetros, foi utilizado o programa EnergyPlus, que simula o consumo de eletricidade predial ao longo do ano, baseado em modelos similares aos edifícios alvos deste estudo. A partir destes procedimentos, identificou-se que as variáveis arquitetônicas estudadas influenciaram diretamente o consumo de energia elétrica de edificações e foi proposta uma listagem de recomendações a serem seguidas para que as futuras construções de edifícios em clima tropical semiárido sejam termicamente mais eficientes
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Maciel, Alexandra Albuquerque. "Bioclimatic integration into the architectural design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444647.
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Garcia, Sara Miguel Valente. "Coexistência entre pormenor e arquitectura." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13843.
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Teixeira, Carla Fernanda Barbosa. "Comportamento térmico de coberturas de fibrocimento em Campinas, SP: aplicação de técnicas passivas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2006. http://ri.ufs.br/handle/123456789/1719.
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O Brasil possui a maior parte de suas terras em clima tropical. Sendo a cobertura o elemento construtivo mais exposto à radiação solar direta, toma-se um desafio aos pesquisadores e projetistas, atenuar as temperaturas nas coberturas das edificações e contribuir para o uso racional de energia. O objetivo desta pesquisa é monitorar o desempenho térmico de coberturas de fibrocimento em_ células-teste na cidade de Campinas, SP, com aplicação de técnicas passivas de resmamento. Utilizaram-se quatro células-teste: uma célula-teste de referência, e outras três com os sistemas: evaporativo, radiante e reflexivo, respectivamente, e monitoramento das temperaturas superficiais internas das telhas (TT' s) e temperaturas do ar dos áticos (T AA' s), no período de 21 de janeiro a 9 de fevereiro de 2006. Para o sistema de resmamento evaporativo foram utilizados ciclos de aspersão com diferentes intervalos no período todo. Entre as técnicas monitoradas, o melhor comportamento térmico foi verificado no 2° período (de 26 a 30/jan com aspersão contínua) na temperatura da superficie interna da telha do sistema evaporativo (TTevap = 23,2°C) apresentando um decréscimo de 1,3°C em relação a célulateste de referência e um acréscimo de 0,1 °C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar para o período. Nas médias da temperatura do ar dos áticos, o 2° período apresentou os menores valores para os sistemas: reflexivo (TAArefl =23,4°C) e evaporativo (TAAevap = 23,5°C), apresentando uma atenuação de 0,5°C e 0,4°C em relação a célula de referência respectivamente, além de uma elevação de 0,3°C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar externo. Os resultados, analisados através de tratamento estatístico, demonstram a viabilidade do uso do sistema evaporativo em condições climáticas de elevada umidade relativa do ar, contribuindo para atenuar os efeitos das hostilidades climáticas em coberturas das edificações._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the tropical climate is predominant in most of regions. Roofing is the building component with the highest exposition to direct solar radiation. The challenge for researchers and designers is to achieve cornfort in the built environrnent and to contribute to energy saving, proposing roofing systems with good thermal insulation, and consequently lesser internal surface temperatures. The objective of this research is to monitor the thermal behavior of fiber-cement roofing and to present a discussion about the results obtained in cell-tests in the city of Campinas, SP, through passive cooling techniques. Four cell-tests were used: one cell-test was adopted as reference, and the other three were analyzed with evaporative, radiative and reflective systems, respectively. The evaporative system was tested with different aspersion cycles through spraying systems and intervals. The monitored parameters were the internal surface temperatures of the roofing tiles (TT s) and attic air temperatures (TAA's) in the period of January 21st to February 9th of2006. Among the monitored passive techniques, the best thermal behavior was observed in the 2nd period (iTom January 26th to 30th, corresponding to continue spraying), related to the internal surface temperature with the evaporative system (TTevap = 23,2°C). A reduction of 1,3°C was observed, as compared to the reference test-cell and and an increase of 0,1 °C in comparison with the average air temperature. In relation to the average of attic air temperature, the 2nd period presented the lowest temperature for reflexive system (T AArefl = 23,4°C) and evaporative system (TAAevap = 23,5°C); a reduction of 0,5°C and 0,4°C in relation of the reference test-cell respectively was observed; also, it showed an increase of 0,3°C as compared with air temperature. The results presented through statistical analyses demonstrated that the use of the evaporative system in climatic conditions with high relative humidity is viable, contributing, therefore, to attenuate the effects of climatic hostilities in the roofing buildings.
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Lima, João Victor de Souza. "Sala de aula invertida no ensino da Arquitetura bioclimática em projeto /." Bauru, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191489.
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Orientador: João Roberto Gomes de FariaResumo: Apesar de grandes avanços da pesquisa científica quanto à inclusão dos conceitos e procedimentos referentes ao conforto ambiental no contexto do processo projetual, é ainda perceptível sua dificuldade de apropriação nas práticas de disciplinas projetuais de cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, tanto por parte dos alunos, quanto por parte dos professores de projeto. Essa dificuldade se dá, principalmente, pela defasagem de aprendizagem nas disciplinas de Conforto Ambiental no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de habilidades práticas nos alunos, para que sejam capazes de utilizar, de forma autônoma, o conhecimento adquirido na resolução de problemas arquitetônicos diversos. Com base nessa problemática, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade da Sala de Aula Invertida como metodologia de ensino da arquitetura bioclimática no contexto do processo projetual, em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório e correlacional, consistiu no desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação de uma estratégia de ensino, baseada na metodologia acima mencionada, para uma turma do 6º semestre de um curso de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, na disciplina “Conforto Ambiental”, transformando a sala de aula em um ateliê de projeto. A avaliação dos alunos foi feita por meio de prova individual e dos projetos elaborados em grupo durante as atividades propostas em sala de aula. Como variáveis dependentes, os resultados de aprendizagem foram identifi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Despite the great advancements of scientific research on the inclusion of concepts and procedures related to environmental comfort in the context of the design process, it’s still noticeable its difficulty of appropriation in the practices of design disciplines in Architecture and Urbanism courses, both by students, as by teachers. This difficulty is mainly due to the lack on learning process in the Environmental Comfort disciplines regarding the development of practical skills in the students, so that they are able to use, autonomously, the knowledge acquired in solving several architectural problems. Based on this problem, this research aimed to investigate the Flipped Classroom’s applicability as a teaching method of bioclimatic architecture in the context of the design process, in Architecture and Urbanism courses. The exploratory and correlational research consisted of the development, application and evaluation of a teaching strategy, based on the above-mentioned methodology, for a 6th semester class of an Architecture and Urbanism course, in the discipline “Environmental Comfort”, turning the classroom into a design studio. The evaluation of the students was done through an individual test and through the evaluation of groups’ projects, elaborated during the activities proposed in the classroom. As dependent variables, learning outcomes were identified by quantitative evaluation (grades) and qualitative evaluation (cognitive levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy). As independent ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Yusta, Garcia Ferran. "La méthode des saisons climatiques : stratégie passive de conception architecturale de bâtiments basse consommation énergétique en climat très chaud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0146/document.
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Si un concepteur, architecte ou ingénieur, veut concevoir un logement de basse consommation et le site du projet se trouve dans une région au climat froid, les réponses sont nombreuses et la littérature scientifique très abondante. Si le site de notre projet se situe en climat chaud, voir très chaud, le nombre de méthodes simples pour concevoir une maison de basse consommation diminue drastiquement. La solution la plus habituelle des concepteurs non initiés à la basse consommation est de faire appel à un ingénieur d’un bureau d’études énergétiques, qui saura proposer des simulations à partir d’un modèle thermique-dynamique et anticiper la consommation du modèle. La mission d’un bureau d’études a un certain coût, et ses services ne peuvent pas être accessibles à tous les projets. Ainsi, des milliers d’architectes en climat chaud proposent des projets inspirés des références lointaines ou des réalisations non adaptées sans les conseils d’un spécialiste de l’énergie du bâtiment. Ces projets, très énergivores, continuent à croître sans cesse. Pour tous ces concepteurs des projets de taille modeste nous proposons dans cette étude une méthode facile, efficace et accessible à tous permettant de prendre conscience des enjeux bioclimatiques et les options architecturales qui existent pour réussir un projet de basse consommation, puis de le défendre auprès de ses commanditaires. En nous appuyant sur les informations en ligne accessibles à tous, nous proposons une méthode basée sur l’utilisation des degrés-jour de refroidissement et de chauffage. Une série de simulations robustes sur un modèle thermique dynamique générique fourni des résultats qui pourront être interprétables par les concepteurs et projetés sur leurs propres conceptions.La première partie de ce document analyse la construction et la culture en climat chaud: méthodes de classification climatique, les phénomènes physiques les plus significatifs en lien avec la basse consommation,et les notions de confort et température ressentie. En suite, nous proposons un outil d’aide à la conception : la Méthode des Saisons Climatiques, une méthode basée sur un concept très simple : l’ouverture ou fermeture de la maison à l’extérieur en fonction des conditions extérieures quantifiée par les degrés-jour du site. Elle permet de faire une classification climatique du site très orientée vers la conception bioclimatique. Elle base le classement d’un site selon des journées types, S1 à S6, selon jour/nuit froid/froide, tempéré/froide, tempéré/tempérée, chaud/froide, chaud/tempérée et chaud/chaude respectivement. Cette nouvelle classification peu ts’appliquer à tous les climats de la Planète. Une période de l’année continue avec une même journée type donne lieu a une Saison Climatique. Chaque Saison climatique aura des spécificités architecturales propres,et parfois contradictoires entre deux saisons climatiques différentes. L’objectif est de trouver la combinaison architecturale la plus efficace pour une période annuelle complète.Des modélisations Energy+ seront faites pour ces 6 journées types ainsi que pour une période annuelle dans une ville au climat très chaud : Dubaï. Des actions architecturales sont évaluées avec un modèle thermique dynamique.Les actions architecturales seront classées par efficacité énergétique et par temps de retour surinvestissement . Deux maisons idéales par journée type seront proposées : la maison la plus performante et la maison la plus rentable. Une méthode de combinaison d’actions architecturales permettra de trouver une combinaison cohérente d’actions en fonction du climat annuel d’un site. Ensuite nous proposerons les caractéristiques communes, un socle commun, de la maison en climat très chaud de la région du Moyen OrientThe last 25 years have been ground-breaking in architectural design on low energy consumption in cold climate, mainly in north-western cultures. For an architect today, the method to design a passive house in cold weather and the choice of the Architectural Actions (AA), are clearly established. When the question comes to how to build a passive house in warmer, hot, and very hot climates, the strategies arepoor and often results of a combination of western strategies with a local relook. From several visits in MiddleEast countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, we concluded that the strategy for low consumption houses is not established yet and poorly grasped. The lack of training on low energy consumption in hot climate and the low price of energy, force designers and owners to rely on over usage of air-conditioning systems as measures to catch up on poor bioclimatic design. This method proposes a new approach on bioclimatic designfor hot climates from an architect point of view. It is based on a Cooling Degrees Days (CDD) and Heating Degrees Days (HDD) approach, a state of art of contemporary architecture and professional experience. Localclimates are classified according to the energy-hunger of six situations of the exterior temperature during night/day : cold/cold, cold/cool, cool/warm, cold/hot, cool/hot, and hot/hot as CDD and HDD of the twelve month ofthe year. A group of days on one of those situations will be called “climatic season”. In parallel we will create two main “climatic situations”: people keep the house closed to the exterior or opened to the exterior. We will associate passive strategies to these two differents ways to live in the house: “cold” and “hot” to a closed houseand “cool” and “warm” to a house opened up to the exterior. This method allows classifying any climate in theworld under these six climatic seasons. Our climate classification can now be associated to different strategies that we will call “architectural actions” as house is closed or opened. We could already start to design a house from here, but to better understand the influence of each action we have created an Energy+ model to analyze individually the effect of a single AA. The performance of each action is evaluated under the situations of six representative journeys as well as a year round on a very hot city: Dubai. The result of the effect good or badof action during each different season situation allows us to create the best combination of AA that are best fora year round climate resulting of the combination of several climatic seasons. This low-tech method will help usto find the common features of the houses of different hot climates of a big region and find the best typology. We have carried in parallel a cost study of the base house and the financial incidence of each single action to evaluate also the payback period by action
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Souza, Larissa Leiros de. "Padroniza??o e flexibilidade: proposta de um edif?cio tipo para uma escola t?cnica profissionalizante." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12434.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-09Nowadays the acquisition of sustainable elements and concepts in construction has been increasingly discussed, improved and incorporated to buildings, since the sector directly interferes in the urban space and environment, representing environmental impact. In order to make a sustainable building (Green Building) it is vital to incorporate less damaging constructive practice, starting from the project until the operation of the enterprise, that means to consider an integrated process of conception, implementation, construction and operation. The more effective sustainable principles participation in architecture happens at the projecting step through minimal environment impact solutions. Among the issues varieties that goes with sustainability proposal of the buildings project, there were added to this work the elements that are directly attached to bioclimatic architecture, more specifically the climate variation, ventilation, lighting and sunlight, that directly affect the project conception. It is important to put in evidence that architecture role goes far beyond the simple activity of building spaces; it is the sequence of political, economic, social and cultural elements, having the users as the main apparatus to its materialization. Thereby this professional dissertation consists of an architecture draft for a professional and technological school in the Rio Grande do Norte State, this dissertation is based on the analysis of previous experience and the bioclimatic principles that implicate in building on hot and dry, hot and humid climates, and the use of strategic solutions that aim the optimization of natural light and ventilation
Atualmente a ado??o de conceitos e princ?pios sustent?veis na constru??o civil tem sido crescentemente debatida, aperfei?oada e incorporada aos edif?cios, uma vez que o setor interfere diretamente no espa?o urbano e no meio ambiente, representando impacto ambiental. Para tornar um edif?cio sustent?vel (Green Building) ? imprescind?vel incorporar pr?tica construtiva menos nociva, desde a fase projetual at? o funcionamento do empreendimento, ou seja, considerar um processo integrado de concep??o, implanta??o, constru??o e opera??o. A participa??o mais efetiva dos princ?pios de sustentabilidade no campo da arquitetura acontece na fase de projeta??o, atrav?s de solu??es com m?nimo impacto ambiental. Dentre a multiplicidade de aspectos que envolvem a sustentabilidade da proposta projetual de edifica??es, foram englobados nesse trabalho os elementos que est?o diretamente ligados ? arquitetura bioclim?tica, mais especificamente ?s vari?veis clim?ticas, ventila??o, ilumina??o e insola??o, que incidem diretamente na concep??o do projeto. ? importante destacar que o papel da arquitetura vai muito al?m da mera atividade de edificar o espa?o; ela ? consequ?ncia de elementos pol?ticos, econ?micos, sociais e culturais, tendo os usu?rios como instrumento chave para sua materializa??o. Dessa forma, essa disserta??o profissional consiste na elabora??o de um anteprojeto arquitet?nico tipo para uma escola de educa??o profissional e tecnol?gica para o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, fundamentada na an?lise da experi?ncia anterior e nos princ?pios bioclim?ticos que envolvem as edifica??es nos climas quente-seco e quente-?mido, quanto ao uso estrat?gico de solu??es que visem a otimiza??o da ilumina??o e ventila??o natural
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Andrade, Nixon César de. "Desempenho térmico de cobertura verde utilizando a grama Brachiaria humidicola na cidade de São Carlos-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4626.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-22This work aims to analyze the thermal behavior of a green roof with the Braquiária grass (Brachiaria humidicola), that reaches 1m height, comparing it with a traditional roof (concrete slab on show). Considering temperature and relative humidity data obtained through field measurements in different months, the thermal performance of the green and traditional roofs was analyzed. The inside and outside temperatures, and inside superficial of two test-cells were analyzed. The outside superficial temperatures were estimated through computation program and the solar radiation data and wind speed, necessaries for the use of this program, were provided by the Water Resource and Applied Ecology Center (CRHEA,) and the Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC), both from the University of São Paulo (USP). The results indicate that, submitted to the local climate, the green roof presents optimum performance, particularly for decreasing the temperatures of external and internal roof surfaces. In the same test-cell it was recently realized a similar research, which used the Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica), a short vegetation. Comparing the measurement results for cold and hot periods, it was noticed differences between the thermal performance of the two grasses.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento térmico de uma cobertura ajardinada com a grama Braquiária (Brachiaria humidicola), que atinge 1m de altura, comparando-a com a de uma cobertura tradicional (laje exposta). Considerando-se os dados obtidos por meio de monitoramentos com aparelhos registradores de temperaturas e umidades relativas, em diferentes épocas do ano, analisou-se o comportamento térmico das coberturas tradicional e verde. Foram medidas as temperaturas do ar no interior e no exterior das células-teste e as superficiais internas de ambas as células. As temperaturas superficiais externas foram estimadas por programa computacional e os dados de radiação solar e velocidade do vento, necessários para a utilização desse programa, foram fornecidos pelo Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada (CRHEA) e pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), ambos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os resultados indicam que, submetida ao clima local, a cobertura ajardinada apresenta ótimo desempenho, particularmente por amortecer as temperaturas das superfícies externas e internas da cobertura. Nessa mesma célula-teste realizou-se recentemente uma pesquisa similar, mas que utilizou a grama Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), uma vegetação rasteira. Comparando-se os resultados dos monitoramentos realizados, nos períodos de frio e calor, foram detectadas diferenças entre os comportamentos térmicos das duas gramas.
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Teixeira, Carla Fernanda Barbosa 1977. "Comportamento termico de coberturas de fibrocimento em Campinas, SP : aplicação de tecnicas passivas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257746.
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Orientador: Lucila Chebel LabakiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O Brasil possui a maior parte de suas terras em clima tropical. Sendo a cobertura o elemento construtivo mais exposto à radiação solar direta, toma-se um desafio aos pesquisadores e projetistas, atenuar as temperaturas nas coberturas das edificações e contribuir para o uso racional de energia. O objetivo desta pesquisa é monitorar o desempenho térmico de coberturas de fibrocimento em_ células-teste na cidade de Campinas, SP, com aplicação de técnicas passivas de resmamento. Utilizaram-se quatro células-teste: uma célula-teste de referência, e outras três com os sistemas: evaporativo, radiante e reflexivo, respectivamente, e monitoramento das temperaturas superficiais internas das telhas (TT' s) e temperaturas do ar dos áticos (T AA' s), no período de 21 de janeiro a 9 de fevereiro de 2006. Para o sistema de resmamento evaporativo foram utilizados ciclos de aspersão com diferentes intervalos no período todo. Entre as técnicas monitoradas, o melhor comportamento térmico foi verificado no 2° período (de 26 a 30/jan com aspersão contínua) na temperatura da superficie interna da telha do sistema evaporativo (TTevap = 23,2°C) apresentando um decréscimo de 1,3°C em relação a célulateste de referência e um acréscimo de 0,1 °C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar para o período. Nas médias da temperatura do ar dos áticos, o 2° período apresentou os menores valores para os sistemas: reflexivo (TAArefl =23,4°C) e evaporativo (TAAevap = 23,5°C), apresentando uma atenuação de 0,5°C e 0,4°C em relação a célula de referência respectivamente, além de uma elevação de 0,3°C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar externo. Os resultados, analisados através de tratamento estatístico, demonstram a viabilidade do uso do sistema evaporativo em condições climáticas de elevada umidade relativa do ar, contribuindo para atenuar os efeitos das hostilidades climáticas em coberturas das edificações
Abstract: In Brazil, the tropical climate is predominant in most of regions. Roofing is the building component with the highest exposition to direct solar radiation. The challenge for researchers and designers is to achieve cornfort in the built environrnent and to contribute to energy saving, proposing roofing systems with good thermal insulation, and consequently lesser internal surface temperatures. The objective of this research is to monitor the thermal behavior of fiber-cement roofing and to present a discussion about the results obtained in cell-tests in the city of Campinas, SP, through passive cooling techniques. Four cell-tests were used: one cell-test was adopted as reference, and the other three were analyzed with evaporative, radiative and reflective systems, respectively. The evaporative system was tested with different aspersion cycles through spraying systems and intervals. The monitored parameters were the internal surface temperatures of the roofing tiles (TT s) and attic air temperatures (TAA's) in the period of January 21st to February 9th of2006. Among the monitored passive techniques, the best thermal behavior was observed in the 2nd period (iTom January 26th to 30th, corresponding to continue spraying), related to the internal surface temperature with the evaporative system (TTevap = 23,2°C). A reduction of 1,3°C was observed, as compared to the reference test-cell and and an increase of 0,1 °C in comparison with the average air temperature. In relation to the average of attic air temperature, the 2nd period presented the lowest temperature for reflexive system (T AArefl = 23,4°C) and evaporative system (TAAevap = 23,5°C); a reduction of 0,5°C and 0,4°C in relation of the reference test-cell respectively was observed; also, it showed an increase of 0,3°C as compared with air temperature. The results presented through statistical analyses demonstrated that the use of the evaporative system in climatic conditions with high relative humidity is viable, contributing, therefore, to attenuate the effects of climatic hostilities in the roofing buildings
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Neves, Leticia de Oliveira. "Arquitetura bioclimática e a obra de Severiano Porto: estratégias de ventilação natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-03012007-232857/.
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O emprego da arquitetura bioclimática conduz à minimização dos impactos de uma intervenção no meio e à obtenção de uma relação mais harmoniosa entre paisagem e construção. Esta pesquisa evidencia o potencial da ventilação natural como recurso para resfriamento em climas quentes e úmidos, contribuindo para o aprofundamento no estudo de estratégias de projeto que auxiliem na maior integração do edifício com o clima e contexto locais. Analisa as estratégias de ventilação natural adotadas pelo arquiteto Severiano Porto em suas obras, dada a importância deste tipo de solução para obtenção de conforto térmico em clima tropical quente e úmido. Realiza-se por meio de discussão e análise de três obras do arquiteto, localizadas na cidade de Manaus-AM, e as diferentes soluções propostas, quanto à sua adeqüabilidade e eficiência. A análise se divide em duas etapas: primeiramente a análise qualitativa e descritiva, baseada em leitura de projeto, onde é verificada a incorporação de conceitos bioclimáticos nas edificações e são identificadas as soluções de ventilação natural propostas, através do desenho e caracterização dos sistemas encontrados; seguida da análise quantitativa, realizada através de pesquisa de campo e medições das variáveis ambientais temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do ar. A análise dos resultados foi realizada com base nos métodos de Mahoney e ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, assim como em alguns parâmetros obtidos em literatura especializada. Pôde-se identificar as estratégias de ventilação natural utilizadas, tanto cruzada como de efeito chaminé, avaliando-se detalhadamente seu desempenho nos três edifícios. A pesquisa contribui no aperfeiçoamento das soluções projetuais de ventilação natural, visando valorizar o uso de estratégias de energia passiva na arquitetura. Evidencia também a contribuição de Porto no desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura atenta a princípios bioclimáticos.Bioclimatic architecture consists in minimizing the impacts of an intervention on the environment and obtaining a close relationship between building and nature. This research emphasizes the importance of natural ventilation as a cooling resource for hot and humid climates, contributing for the study of project strategies that adjust to local context and environment. Analyses the natural ventilation strategies used by the architect Severiano Porto in his buildings, since it is an important kind of solution to obtain thermal comfort in tropical hot and humid weather. It presents the discussion and analysis of three of his main works, placed in the city of Manaus, and the efficiency of the different solutions proposed. The analysis is divided in two steps: first a qualitative and descriptive analysis, based on project examination, where the incorporation of bioclimatic concepts in the buildings is verified and the natural ventilation solutions are identified; followed by a quantitative analysis, based on field studies and measurement of the variables temperature, humidity and air velocity. The result analysis was based on the Mahoney and ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 methods, and data obtained in specialized literature. Natural ventilation strategies could be identified, either cross as stack, allowing a detailed evaluation of performance of the three buildings. The research contributes on the improvement of the architectonic solutions on natural ventilation, on the purpose of valuing the use of passive energy strategies in architecture. Valorizes also Portos contribution to the development of an architecture that is attentive to bioclimatic principles.
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Carmo, Filho Jairson Jairo do. "Construir frondoso :uma heran?a esquecida?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12426.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-19Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This dissertation of master degree was presented to Post-Graduation Program in Architecture and Planning at UFRN, Brazil. It evaluates 45 one-family housings in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, whose architects consider them to be in conformity with the recommendations contained in Armando de Holanda's book: A Guide to build in the Brazilian Northeast: Architecture as a pleasant place in the sunny tropics , published in 1976 by UFPE. For a long time, it used to be reference in many Architecture and Planning Schools of the Northern Region of Brazil. The research s methodological procedures are based on the Post- Occupancy Evaluation (P.O.E.) with emphasis on the users' thermal comfort of the houses that make part of the sample. Therefore, it has been done technical analyses of the projects, when possible; interviews with the architects; building s inspections; and form applications to the users. The collected data analysis was based on the project recommendations of Holanda s book, they can be synthesized in the principle of Building Leafy". It can not be affirmed that all the houses present the recommendations contained in the guide, but, in many different ways, they exist, sometimes more intensely and sometimes more shyly. However, it can be noticed that in the 45 projects, that the architects perceived the importance of "Building Leafy" on the climatic reality of the Metropolitan Region of Recife
Esta disserta??o de mestrado apresentada no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFRN, avalia 45 habita??es unifamiliares na Regi?o Metropolitana do Recife, cujos arquitetos, autores dos projetos, consideram estar em conformidade com as recomenda??es contidas no livro Roteiro para construir no Nordeste: Arquitetura como lugar ameno nos tr?picos ensolarados do arquiteto Armando de Holanda, publicado em 1976 pela UFPE, e que por muito tempo foi utilizado como refer?ncia em alguns dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da regi?o. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos da pesquisa se baseiam na Avalia??o P?s-Ocupa??o (A.P.O.), com ?nfase para o conforto t?rmico dos usu?rios das casas que comp?em a amostra. Para tanto, foram feitas: an?lises t?cnicas dos projetos, quando poss?vel; entrevistas a seus autores; vistorias nas edifica??es; e aplica??o de formul?rios aos moradores. A an?lise dos dados coletados foi feita ? luz do atendimento ?s recomenda??es projetuais do livro de Holanda, que podem ser sintetizadas no princ?pio do construir frondoso . N?o se pode afirmar que todas as casas apresentem 100% das recomenda??es contidas no roteiro, mas, de maneiras distintas, elas se fazem presentes, ?s vezes de maneira mais intensa, ?s vezes mais t?mida. Mas podemos perceber que nos 45 projetos seus autores perceberam a import?ncia do Construir frondoso para a realidade clim?tica da Regi?o Metropolitana do Recife
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Castro, João Silva Sabóia de. "A arquitetura como catalisador socioeconómico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20321.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A nordeste da Ilha do Príncipe encontra-se uma das cidades mais pequenas do mundo. Santo António é uma manifestação urbanística tímida onde permanecem os traços do colonialismo português, como testamento à sua história. Nos dias que correm a cidade encontra-se dividida entre dois momentos distintos: a malha urbana de génese formal, e a expansão informal que gerou uma situação de crescimento insustentável. Este Projeto Final de Mestrado procura dar resposta às carências deste lugar, atuando sobre várias frentes, com vista a incentivar o desenvolvimento socioeconómico da comunidade local. Assim, propôs-se uma intervenção na escala urbana de modo a permitir uma expansão regrada de acordo com uma nova malha estrutural e melhores infraestruturas, complementada por novas tipologias habitacionais. Por outro lado, o cenário que envolve a capital representa uma das maiores forças do território. A biodiversidade rica do Príncipe incorpora a sua maior atração turística, bem como a chave da sua sobrevivência, visto a forte dependência económica do setor primário. A fim de incorporar esta vertente no trabalho, é apresentado o Observatório da Biodiversidade, cujo programa conjuga o investimento na educação com o objetivo de fomentar o desenvolvimento da população local, com a preservação da natureza endémica.
ABSTRACT: To the northeast of Príncipe Island stands one of the world's smallest cities. Santo António is a timid urban manifestation where the traces of Portuguese colonialism are still present as a testament to its history. Nowadays the city is divided into two distinct phases: a formal urban fabric, and the informal expansion which resulted in an unsustainable growth. This Master's Final Project aims to give an answer to the area's needs, acting on several fronts, with the purpose of stimulating the community's socio-economic development. Thus, an intervention on an urban scale was proposed in order to allow for a regulated expansion according to a new structural fabric and improved infrastructures, complemented by new housing typologies. On the other hand, the local scenery which envelops the capital represents one of this territory's biggest strengths. Príncipe's rich biodiversity embodies its main tourist attraction, as well as the key to its survival, due to its strong economic dependency on the primary sector. In order to incorporate this element into the project, the Biodiversity Observatory is introduced, whose program combines investment in education as a means to promote the local population's development, with the preservation of endemic nature.
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Khan, Ahmed. "L'habitat durable en Arabie Saoudite : dimension climatique et socio-culturelle : cas d'étude : la ville de Djeddah." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0014/document.
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Ce travail de doctorat a été effectué sous l’encadrement du Professeur Catherine SEMIDOR du laboratoire GRECAU (Groupe de Recherche Environnement Conception Architecturale et Urbaine). Il propose une approche scientifique visant à évaluer les performances réelles des habitats Saoudiens traditionnels et contemporains ainsi que la façon dont ces logements sont perçus par les habitants.L’architecture vernaculaire en Arabie Saoudite a longtemps été considérée comme performante et confortable. Pour la recherche d’une architecture respectueuse du climat dans ce pays il est alors essentiel de se pencher sur les constructions du passé, les comparer avec celles du présent afin de comprendre les forces et faiblesses de chacune des architectures. La présente thèse traitera donc le sujet de deux dimensions fondamentales de l’architecture en Arabie Saoudite, celle qui relève du climat et celle qui relève de la culture, au travers d‘un élément majeur, la satisfaction de l’habitant. Ces deux critères seront complétés d’une étude approfondie sur l’évaluation de l’espace intérieur de l’habitat ainsi que d’une analyse de l’impact du tissu urbain sur le confort dans l’habitat.Une première partie théorique va permettre de définir les principes inhérents à ce travail de recherche et ainsi définir les enjeux de celui-ci. Les notions de confort dans l’habitat et de durabilité seront ainsi développées en expliquant comment le corps humain réagit aux différents facteurs d’ambiances et comment ces mêmes facteurs sont régulés dans les espaces bâtis. Puis nous allons voir comment les villes arabes, et notamment d’Arabie Saoudite se sont transformées dans le temps en même temps que la manière de vivre des saoudiens. Toutes ces théories seront interprétées et mise en situation dans la seconde partie de la thèse avec une étude de cas précis.Une deuxième partie très concrète consistera à définir le cas d’étude, celui-ci sera effectué sur la ville de Djeddah et ses différents types d’habitats majoritaires. Les appartements, les maisons mitoyennes et les maisons isolées seront les trois types d’habitations analysés. Plusieurs sujets seront traités en parallèle pour bien comparer architecture traditionnelle et contemporaine, avec d’une part le niveau d’éclairage naturel et d’une autre les éléments d’ouverture des façades, avec notamment « Le Rowshan » pour le cas de l’architecture traditionnelle. Cette partie de l’étude sera effectuée via trois méthodes d’analyse différentes, l’enquête, l’analyse in situ et la simulation sur outils numériques.- Une enquête spécifique sur la satisfaction du confort physique et socio-culturel des habitants de Djeddah diffusé via les réseaux sociaux.- Une analyse in situ grâce à des mesures effectuées dans les contextes d’architecture vernaculaire et contemporaine avec des enregistreurs spécifiques mesurant la température, l’humidité et la lumière dans les espaces.- Une mise en relation avec des études quantitatives via des simulations numériques sur les principaux facteurs physiques du confort précisés dans la première partie : le rayonnement solaire et l’éclairage naturel à l’intérieur de l’espace bâti.Une conclusion permettra de comprendre comment nous pouvons prendre des leçons du passé quant à la conception d’architectures bio-climatiques en Arabie Saoudite. Nous détaillerons également l’impact de la dimension socio-culturelle sur l’habitat saoudien contemporainVernacular architecture in Saudi Arabia has long been regarded as efficient and comfortable. As to search for sustainable architecture in this country then, it is essential to consider the past constructions in order to understand how it works and learn from it.This PhD work was carried out under the supervision of GRECAU laboratory (Research Group in Environment Architecture and Urban Design) and offers a scientific approach to assess the actual performance of traditional and contemporary habitats and how the locals perceive those.A first theoretical part will help to define the inherent principles in this research and thereof to define issues. Notions of comfort and sustainability in homes will be developed and explain how the human body reacts to different environments factors and how these factors are regulated in built-up areas. Then we'll see how the Arab cities, especially those from Saudi Arabia, have turned in time, as well as the way of life Saudis have.A second part will define a more concrete study case: the city of Jeddah and its major different types of habitats: apartments, attached houses and detached houses. A qualitative study through a survey on the physical and socio-cultural comfort of the inhabitants of this city distributed via social networks, widely used in Saudi Arabia, will be conducted, analysed and put in relation with quantitative studies, via simulations computer about the main physical factors of comfort noticed in the first part: solar radiation and day lighting within the built environment.These simulations will evaluate the rate of solar radiation arriving in the different types of urban patterns of Jeddah city, as well as the comfort of the interior spaces with the radiation transmitted through the opening facades elements, both traditional and contemporary ones, but also the level of natural lighting to suit them. We will see that physical comfort and socio-cultural comfort are related: when physical comfort increases, the socio-cultural comfort decreases, because the Saudis are willing to sacrifice physical comfort to satisfy their need for privacy.Three study cases will be analysed through in-situ measurements during 67 days with specific loggers measuring temperature, humidity and light spaces, as to allow a better understanding of the relationships observed previously.A final explanatory part will understand how we can take lessons from the past about the sustainable architecture design in Saudi Arabia via quantitative and qualitative studies conducted previously
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Talbourdet, Fabien. "Développement d'une démarche d’aide à la connaissance pour la conception de bâtis performants." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0010/document.
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Les demandes des usagers conjuguées à la réglementation nécessitent de concevoir des bâtiments de plus en plus confortables et économes en énergie. En parallèle de ces exigences, les réglementations concernant les bâtiments sont renforcées dans différents domaines (acoustique, sécurité incendie, risque sismique,…) afin d’obtenir des bâtiments plus sûrs et correspondant aux demandes des usagers. Les impacts conjugués de ces deux facteurs engendrent une complexification de la conception des bâtiments.Cette thèse présente une démarche d’aide à la connaissance pour la conception de bâtis performants se basant sur une méthode d’optimisation. Cette démarche vise à ce que les architectes et les bureaux d’études aient une connaissance claire du potentiel de leur projet (exploration de solutions) en phase amont de conception, pour concevoir des bâtiments les plus performants possibles. Ce potentiel est évalué via des paramètres de la géométrie extérieure et intérieure ainsi que des caractéristiques énergétiques du bâti. La démarche leur permet également d’évaluer les avantages et inconvénients de différentes géométries et solutions de conception qu’ils envisagent pour répondre à leurs projets. Cette démarche est appliquée à un immeuble de bureaux à Lyon.Pour le cas testé, la démarche permet d’obtenir rapidement des solutions performantes et de définir pour certains des paramètres étudiés, des valeurs conduisant aux solutions performantes dans une partie de l’espace des solutions ou dans l’ensemble de cet espace.Cette application de la démarche montre également qu’il peut exister des solutions ayant des besoins énergétiques et des coûts de construction proches mais étant très différentes en termes de paramètres de conception. Bien que remettant en cause l'applicabilité directe de la démarche, ce résultat met en exergue un problème nouveau. Cette thèse pose alors les bases pour une nouvelle étudeBoth aspirations of users and improvements in the thermal regulation require that the comfort and the energy efficiency of new buildings improve. In addition to these requirements, regulations are strengthening in many fields such as acoustics, fire safety and mechanical performance. The combined effects of these factors are making it increasingly hard to design buildings. This thesis presents a knowledge-aid approach for designing high-performance buildings based on an optimization method. This approach aims to provide clear knowledge of the potential of projects (exploration of various options) for architects and design offices at the beginning of the design that will allow them to design the best possible high-performance buildings. This potential is evaluated using external and internal geometric parameters as well as the energy characteristics of buildings. This approach also allows them to assess geometries and design solutions which are intended to be used for their projects.This approach will be applied to an office building in Lyon, France. For the tested case, the approach obtains quickly efficient solutions and also finds, for some parameters, values to design efficient solutions on part of the Paretofront or in this entire front. This application of the approach also shows that there may be solutions which are close in terms of energy needs and cost but could be very different on design parameters. This problem could influence robustness of the approach but highlights a new problem. This thesis then lays the foundation of a new study on this topic
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Kaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
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Dans les pays de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, la situation énergétique, le fort taux d’accroissement des aires urbaines, l’inadaptation des techniques de construction et le climat offrent un grand potentiel pour la démarche bioclimatique et la construction durable notamment sur le plan énergétique. Cependant ce potentiel est faiblement exploré. Pour ce faire, cela passe par une bonne connaissance du comportement des bâtiments et par leur adaptation au contexte climatique. Dans le cadre de notre contribution à cette problématique, une étude sur le comportement thermique des bâtiments est initiée grâce à la simulation. En effet la simulation des performances énergétiques du bâtiment devient de plus en plus incontournable dans les processus de conception et d’analyse des bâtiments à travers le monde. Dans ce travail les outils de simulation des performances énergétiques ainsi que les outils d’optimisation sont utilisés pour mener des investigations sur un bâtiment type construit en matériaux conventionnels au Burkina Faso suivant deux principales approches. Dans la première approche le modèle numérique du bâtiment est confronté aux mesures issues de l’expérimentation sur le bâtiment réel. Une méthodologie de calibration basée sur l’analyse de sensibilité et l’optimisation des paramètres a été appliquée pour la comparaison des résultats. Cela a permis de caler le modèle et des études diagnostiques sont réalisées. Dans la seconde approche, des investigations sur des solutions d’amélioration des performances du bâtiment sont réalisées à travers l’application de la simulation dynamique comme outils d’aide à la conception. Les techniques d’interopérabilité et d’optimisation sont utilisées pour implémenter les solutions de refroidissement passif dont les impacts sur le bâtiment étudié sont évalués. Enfin dans ce travail, des techniques d’analyse du bâtiment et des critères de performance sont utilisées pour caractériser et formuler des recommandations sur la conception des bâtiments dans notre contexte climatiqueIn sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
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Ferreira, Francéli. "DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO EM EDIFÍCIOS DE ESCRITÓRIO NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7847.
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This study seeks to detect the thermal performance in Office buildings as they add to a significant quantity of energy consumption in this country. Researches have revealed that 40 % of the final electricity consumption in office buildings is linked to the climate conditioning systems. Within this context there is no existence of projecting rules which establish minimum standards of thermal-electric performance in comparison to regional climatic conditions, considering the thermal variation experienced throughout the year. Thus, the present study aims to diagnose and compare the current condition of thermal performance in different types of office
buildings located in six towns belonging to the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, which are included in bioclimatic zone two of Brasil. For such analysis a list of existing office buildings with at least five floors was made, in the towns of Cruz Alta, Ijuí, Lajeado, Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Maria and Venâncio Aires. A sample of 36 buildings was selected. Following, the architecture designs and the construction
information were analyzed, the buildings were sorted in five categories, according to criteria of floors number, width/depth relation of building and opaque/transparent closing area relation. For each category a representative building was selected, to which a better detail process of the construction system was made as well as internal and external temperature data for a period of thirteen days in summer and winter were recorded. The thermal performance of the buildings was assessed according to their capacity of absorption of the external thermal wave, related to its thermal inertia, opening areas and use standards of internal rooms. There was a great influence of solar radiation on the results, increased mainly by the influence on the thermal behavior of the orientation buildings of the monitored rooms, the opening area, the kind of glass and the color of opaque closings. It was noticed the necessity, for the climate of the studied region, of solar radiation control systems, so that the project decisions for the benefit of thermal conditions in summer do not cause loss in wintertime or vice-versa.Este trabalho visa ao diagnóstico do desempenho térmico de edifícios de escritório, pois estes contribuem com uma parcela significativa do consumo de energia do país. Pesquisas revelam que 40 % do consumo final de energia elétrica em edifícios de escritórios estão ligados aos sistemas de condicionamento climático. Dentro deste contexto observa-se ainda a inexistência de diretrizes projetivas que estabeleçam padrões mínimos de desempenho termo-energéticas frente às condições climáticas regionais, sobretudo pela amplitude térmica verificada ao longo do ano. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva diagnosticar e comparar a situação atual de desempenho térmico de diferentes tipologias de edifícios de escritório localizados em seis cidades pertencentes à região central do Rio Grande do Sul, estando às mesmas inseridas na zona bioclimática dois do Brasil. Para tal análise foi realizado um levantamento dos edifícios de escritório existentes, com no mínimo cinco pavimentos, nas cidades de Cruz Alta, Ijuí, Lajeado, Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Maria e Venâncio Aires. Foram selecionados uma amostra de 36 edifícios. Em seguida foram analisados os projetos arquitetônicos e os dados construtivos, sendo os prédios agrupados em cinco tipologias, de acordo com os critérios de número de pavimentos, relação largura/profundidade do prédio e relação área dos fechamentos transparentes/opacos. Para cada tipologia foi selecionado um prédio representativo, para o qual foi feito um maior detalhamento do sistema construtivo e registrados dados de temperatura interna e externa durante um período de treze dias no inverno e verão. Foi avaliado o desempenho térmico dos edifícios de acordo com a sua capacidade de amortecimento da onda térmica externa, associada à sua inércia térmica, área de aberturas e padrão de uso dos espaços internos. Observou-se a grande influência da radiação solar nos resultados obtidos, evidenciada principalmente pela influência no comportamento térmico dos edifícios da orientação das salas monitoradas, da área de aberturas, do tipo de vidro e da cor dos fechamentos opacos. Foi observada a necessidade, para o clima da região estudada, da existência de dispositivos de controle da radiação solar, para que decisões de projeto que beneficiem as condições térmicas no período de verão não resultem em prejuízo no período de inverno, ou vice-versa.
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Almeida, Alana Mello de. "Conforto térmico e eficiência energética em edifício multifamiliar na cidade de Maceió-AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/707.
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The human comfort is longed incessantly. That, is linked to the shelter, protection against the intemperies and climate severity, always for well-being purposes the human comfort can be analysed by several optics. This work dedicates itself, specifically, to study the comfort under the thermal aspects, not only as a salutary requisite of architecture, but also the valuable quality regarding to the habitation, considering your influence in respect to the energy efficiency. The study developed in this research focused the analysis of a residential multifamiliar building in the residential quarter of Ponta Verde, in the city of Maceio-AL, which suffers constant transformation, new buildings arise at every moment in places that were no longer occupied by unifamiliar residences. These buildings, seems, that are projected and built without themal comfort and energy consumption preocupations, and, consequently, it reflexes to the human being and the environment. The analysis has been effectuated qualitative and quantitatively based theoretical references pertinent to the climatic, humans and architectonics variables, searching fundamental in bioclimatic architecture approach, your strategies and influences in the sustainability and energy consumption. It was evidenced that the apartments oriented in the east presented a better performance that the west ones in relation of thermal comfort, and, consequently of energy efficiency. Certainly, doubt, the world today lives a critic moment in respect to the energy crisis. It is perceived that the architecture can be used in a favourable way at this question. Therefore, is imperative to build new paradigms, capables to harmonize built environment and nature, in favour of a sustainable future.O conforto é almejado pelo homem. Esse, está ligado ao abrigo, proteção contra as intempéries e rigores do clima, visando sempre seu bem-estar. O conforto pode ser analisado sob várias ópticas. Este trabalho dedica-se, especificamente, a estudá-lo sob o aspecto térmico, não só como requisito salutar da arquitetura, como também qualidade valiosa no tocante à habitação, considerando-se sua influência em relação à eficiência energética. O estudo desenvolvido nesta pesquisa analisou um edifício residencial multifamiliar no bairro da Ponta Verde, na cidade de Maceió-Al, no qual, em permanente transformação, novos edifícios surgem constantemente em lugares antes ocupados por residências unifamiliares. Esses edifícios, ao que parece, são projetados e construídos sem maiores preocupações quanto ao conforto térmico e ao consumo energético, e, consequentemente, a seus reflexos relativos ao ser humano e ao meio ambiente. A análise foi efetuada qualitativa e quantitativamente com base nos referenciais teóricos relativos às variáveis climáticas, humanas e arquitetônicas, buscando fundamento nos alicerces da arquitetura bioclimática, suas estratégias e influências na sustentabilidade e no consumo energético. Constatou-se que os apartamentos orientados a Leste apresentaram um desempenho superior aos do Oeste em termos de conforto térmico, consequentemente de eficiência energética. Sem dúvida, vive-se um momento crítico em relação à crise energética. É pacífico que a Arquitetura pode ser explorada de forma favorável a essa questão. Portanto, é imperativo construir novos paradigmas, capazes de harmonizar ambiente construído e natureza, em prol de um futuro sustentável.
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Roriz, Victor Figueiredo. "Refrigeração evaporativa por aspersão em telhas de fibrocimento: estudo teórico e experimental." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4624.
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This research focuses the evaporative cooling by water aspersion on wavy cement fiber tiles in the city of São Carlos, SP, seeking to use it to reduce the buildings heat gains. A theoretical model was developed, based on classic equations of fluids mechanic, applied to iterative calculations of heat flows on the tile superior surface, considered as control surface. In the work development, this model was progressively adjusted to experimental data obtained in a test cell, exposed to the local climatic conditions, with the monitoring of superficial temperatures of both faces in two tiles, one maintained dry and other under intermittent aspersion of water. The research results indicated that, despite of still being susceptible to improvement, the theoretical model already presents quite satisfactory approach with the measured data. Applying a statistical adjustment to the proposed model of iterative heat flows calculation, it was obtained a correlation coefficient between measured and estimated temperatures of 0,999 and a standard deviation of 0,35 ºC. During the experiments, the average evaporative heat flow was 409 W/m2. Theaverage water volume evaporated was 0,7 l/(m².h), corresponding to an average difference of temperatures among the compared tiles of 5,12 K, for the daylight period. Due to the growing need of energy consumption reduction, this procedure seems to be a good option to reduce buildings thermal load, if compared to conventional air conditioning systems
Esta pesquisa enfoca a refrigeração evaporativa por aspersão de água sobre telhas onduladas de fibrocimento, na cidade de São Carlos, SP, visando sua utilização para redução dos ganhos de calor em edificações. Um modelo teórico foi desenvolvido, baseado em equações clássicas da mecânica dos fluidos, aplicadas em cálculos iterativos dos fluxos de calor sobre a superfície superior da telha, considerada como superfície de controle. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, este modelo foi progressivamente ajustado a dados experimentais obtidos em uma célula de teste, exposta às condições climáticas locais, sendo monitoradas temperaturas superficiais de ambas as faces em duas telhas, uma mantida seca e outra sob aspersão intermitente de água. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, apesar de ainda ser passível de aprimoramento, o modelo teórico já apresenta aproximação bastante satisfatória com os dados medidos. Aplicando-se um ajuste estatístico ao modelo proposto de cálculo iterativo dos fluxos de calor, obteve-se um coeficiente de correlação entre temperaturas medidas e estimadas de 0,999 e um desvio padrão de 0,35 ºC. Durante os experimentos, o fluxo médio de calor por evaporação foi de 409 W/m2. O volume médio de água evaporado foi de 0,7 l/(m².h), correspondendo a uma diferença média de temperaturas entre as telhas comparadas, para o período diurno, de 5,12 K. Frente à crescente necessidade de redução de consumo de energia, esta parece uma boa opção para redução da carga térmica dos edifícios, se comparada aos sistemas convencionais de condicionamento de ar
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Camara, Yacouba. "Etude numérique des performances thermiques d'un habitat bioclimatique." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0040/document.
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Cette recherche est basée sur une étude numérique de performances thermiques d'un habitat bioclimatique. Dans cette étude, nous avons considérés deux habitats bioclimatiques, l'un concernant un habitat classique de toiture en tôles d'aluminium, de faux plafond en laine de bois et le second, un habitat intégrant du panneau de MCP qui sépare la toiture en tuiles transparentes de l'enceinte parallélépipédique. Les équations de transfert de chaleur dans l'habitat sont basées sur la méthode nodale et sont déduites d'un bilan thermique établi pour les différents composants de l'habitat. Les transferts de chaleur dans l'unité de stockage sont axées sur la méthode enthalpique et purement conductif. Elles sont résolues par une méthode implicite aux différences finies et les algorithmes de Gauss et de Thomas. Nous avons analysé l'influence de certains paramètres tels que : le flux solaire, l'épaisseur du mur, la température maximale et minimale, et le taux de renouvellement d'air sur les distributions de températures des composants de l'habitat et de l'unité de stockage, les efficacités thermiques de stockage et de déstockage de l'unité de stockage. Une modélisation des phénomènes de transfert de chaleur dans l'habitat et dans l'unité de stockage est présentée, complétée par une simulation du fonctionnement du système basée sur les notions de journée type à travers les données météorologiques de la région de Ouagadougou et terminé par une analyse technico-économiqueThis research is based on a numerical study of thermal performances of a bioclimatic habitat. In this study, we considered two bioclimatic habitats, one concerning a conventional aluminum roofing habitat, wood-wool false ceilings, and the second, a habitat incorporating a MCP panel that separates the roof into tiles transparent parallelepipedic enclosure. The heat transfer equations in the habitat are based on the nodal method and are deduced from a heat balance established for the different components of the habitat. The heat transfers in the storage unit are focused on the enthalpy and purely conductive method. They are solved by an implicit finite difference method and the Gauss and Thomas algorithms. We analyzed the influence of certain parameters such as: solar flux, wall thickness, maximum and minimum temperature, and the rate of air exchange on the temperature distributions of the components of the habitat and water. Storage unit, the thermal efficiencies of storage and retrieval of the storage unit. A modeling of the heat transfer phenomena in the habitat and in the storage unit is presented, completed by a simulation of the functioning of the system based on the notions of typical day through the meteorological data of the region of Ouagadougou and ended by a technical and economic analysis
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Castro, Renata Torres Sarmento de. "Avaliação do desempenho da ventilação natural e do sombreamento em casas de Maceió projetadas segundo princípios abordados na cartilha de Armando de holanda." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/728.
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This survey deals with the dimensionality of the natural ventilation and its fitness to building houses in the Brazilian Northeast. It is a case study due to the limited sample of the object evaluated, since that its abridgement involved only two houses located in Maceió city in the state of Alagoas. As matter of fact, by the end of 1970 through 1980, a pernambucano architect under the name of Armando de Holanda wrote a booklet guide containing 9 (nine) bioclimatic strategies to solve the problem of the hot and damp ventilation that reaches the tropical regions causing distress to their inhabitants, above all inside the houses. According to Holanda s point of view the trouble could be lessened if the building of the houses were more adequate and suitable to the local temperature of the environment. The statements lined out by Holanda consisted of nine (9) strategic. In the inquiry made up, some of Holanda s a priori strategic propositions have been selected and evaluated such the natural air performance, the shading and other items of two houses built by two architects who drew and carried out an experimental project for their own dwellings. Both houses were object of analysis and evaluation by means of a detailed methodoly concerning the climatic data and the bioclimatic strategies followed by an essay of ventilation and sunny rays with virtual models through computerized SketchUp application of the solar chart. As a result, the house 1 (one) showed up efficient average of natural ventilation and shading, while the house 2 (two) attested the average and positive performance of natural ventilation as well as shading. Yet in both houses the direct observation registered adequate bioclimatic strategies, but some determined solutions seemed inadequate to a hot and damp climate as inward divisions no evidence of eaves. Hypothetically the conclusion is that Holanda s guidance may cause good effect when well fitted, in spite of being necessary some practical experiments to assure thermal comfort to the buildings situated in hot and damp regions, with the adoption of the suggested methodoly and good tools of evaluation preceded by an architectonic planning.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A tradição construtiva luso-brasileira, como ilustram as tradicionais casas de fazenda, e o modernismo dos anos de 1950-1970, como as casas modernistas urbanas, adotavam a preocupação com a ventilação natural e a proteção solar no trópico quente e úmido. Na década de 1970, o arquiteto pernambucano Armando de Holanda desenvolveu o Roteiro para Construir no Nordeste, reunindo nove estratégias bioclimáticas. Para o clima quente e úmido do Nordeste brasileiro, com temperaturas amenas durante quase todo o ano, as principais estratégias de projeto para promover conforto térmico resumem-se em permitir o escoamento da ventilação natural no interior das edificações e promover o sombreamento das fachadas e aberturas. Contudo, com o intensivo desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos em conforto ambiental no Brasil, estima-se que a adoção exclusiva dessas estratégias, sem experimentos práticos, não é suficiente para garantir a eficiência da edificação, necessitando, portanto, da adoção conjunta de métodos de avaliação de desempenho ambiental. O objetivo dessa pesquisa de mestrado em arquitetura e urbanismo é avaliar o desempenho da ventilação natural e do sombreamento de casas projetadas segundo os princípios abordados na cartilha de Armando de Holanda. Avaliaram-se duas casas construídas em Maceió/AL, entre final de 1970 e início de 1980, projetadas por arquitetos e professores da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. A metodologia proposta compreendeu: detalhamento de dados climáticos e estratégias bioclimáticas para Maceió; visitas às residências, levantamentos arquitetônicos, análise bioclimática; entrevistas com os arquitetos/moradores das casas; realização de ensaios de ventilação, no equipamento mesa d´água com maquetes vazadas, e de insolação com modelos virtuais, no programa de computador SketchUp e aplicação da carta solar. Constatouse médio desempenho de ventilação natural e de sombreamento na Casa 1; e médio e positivo desempenho de ventilação natural e de sombreamento, respectivamente, na Casa 2. Verificouse a utilização de adequadas estratégias bioclimáticas nas casas, porém destacaram-se determinadas soluções inadequadas para o clima quente e úmido, como a compartimentação interna e a ausência de beirais. Conclui-se pelos adequados princípios bioclimáticos do Roteiro, porém pela necessidade de experimentos práticos para garantir conforto térmico às edificações de forma a prever as deficiências e solucioná-las. Sugere-se a aplicação da metodologia proposta e das ferramentas de avaliação em pesquisas e planejamento arquitetônico para possibilitar maior garantia de desempenho térmico nas edificações, localizadas em regiões de clima quente e úmido.
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Massari, Laurie Piero Gustavo. "Colegio de Alto Rendimiento en San Vicente de Cañete." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625932.
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En el presente estudio se propone la Construcción de un Colegio de Alto Rendimiento (COAR) en la Ciudad de San Vicente de Cañete, Provincia de Cañete, Departamento de Lima, en el cual estudiarán los alumnos de los últimos tres grados de secundaria que tengan las mejores calificaciones para que puedan recibir una educación de alta calidad y exigencia, potenciando al máximo sus capacidades para beneficio de los estudiantes, sus familias y de la región donde habitan.
La infraestructura propuesta está a nivel de escuelas similares de clase Mundial, con aulas implementadas con las últimas tecnologías, habitaciones y servicios para todos los alumnos, losas deportivas, cafeterías, comedor, biblioteca y áreas de recreación para crear un ambiente ideal para los estudiantes.
El proyecto ha sido desarrollado respetando las Normas Arquitectónicas vigentes y requeridas para Colegios e Internados, buscando una integración con el ambiente natural que es una zona eminentemente agrícola y con mucha vegetación. Consta de seis volúmenes totalmente integrados.
La infraestructura propuesta, además de ser usada por los alumnos, ha sido diseñada para que pueda ser utilizada por la población durante la temporada de vacaciones, dando así este importante aporte a la comunidad.The present study proposes the Construction of a High Performance College (COAR) in the City of San Vicente de Cañete, Province of Cañete, Department of Lima, in which the students of the last three grades of high school who have the best grades will study so that they can receive high quality education, maximizing their capacities for the benefit of the students, their families and the region where they live. The proposed infrastructure is at the level of similar World Class schools, with classrooms implemented with the latest technologies, rooms and services for all students, sports facilities, cafeterias, dining room, library and recreation areas to create an ideal environment for students. The project has been developed respecting the current and mandatory Architectural Standards for schools and boarding schools, looking for an integration with the natural environment that is an eminently agricultural area with lots of vegetation. It consists of dix fully integrated volumes. The infrastructure implemented, besides being used by the students, has been designed so that it can be used by the population during the holiday season, thus giving this important contribution to the community.
Tesis
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Zuhairy, Akram A. "Bioclimatic architectural regionalism in Saudi Arabia : volume 1 - the traditional built environment." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285966.
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Rangel, Pollyana de Faria. "Interface entre arquitetura bioclim?tica e decis?es projetuais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12337.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-16This research has as its object study focus bioclimatic in architecture and its conection with projects decisions, on what regards to environmental comfort for single-family dwelling. From the analysis of five architectural projects inserted in Natal/RN, warm-moist weather, this research gather informations regarding architectural features guided by shape and space arrengement, which embody important elements for the project design development. Computer simulations assisted as foundation to verify the efficiency grade for these projects strategies from shading analysis. Related strategies for the demands of natural ventilation circulation and thermal mass for refrigeration were analysed as well. Results show that there is an hierarchizing of priorities for the decisions made when it comes to shape and space disposition variables, as well as the way these variables will consider the bioclimatic demands. The analysis, even, show that there is no single way to respond to specific bioclimatic demands, as it points out the value of examination of the projectual solutions throughtout the conception process, in order to achieve an efficient project performance for the envimonment comfort
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o enfoque bioclim?tico em arquitetura e sua rela??o com as decis?es projetuais, no que se refere ao conforto ambiental em habita??es unifamiliares. A partir da an?lise de cinco projetos inseridos em Natal/RN, clima quente-?mido, a pesquisa levanta informa??es sobre as caracter?sticas arquitet?nicas norteadas pela forma e pelo arranjo espacial, os quais englobam elementos importantes para o desenvolvimento do projeto. Simula??es computacionais serviram de base para verificar o grau de efici?ncia das estrat?gias projetuais a partir da an?lise do sombreamento. Foram analisadas tamb?m estrat?gias relacionadas ?s demandas de ventila??o natural e de massa t?rmica para resfriamento. Os resultados demonstram que h? uma hierarquiza??o de prioridades nas decis?es tomadas quanto ?s vari?veis forma e arranjo espacial, e quanto ? maneira de como essas vari?veis ir?o atender as demandas bioclim?ticas. As an?lises evidenciam, ainda, que n?o h? uma ?nica maneira de responder a demandas bioclim?ticas espec?ficas, assim como apontam para a import?ncia de verifica??o das solu??es projetuais durante todo processo de concep??o, a fim de obter um projeto com desempenho eficiente para o conforto ambiental
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Chesné, Lou. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des bâtiments, basée sur leurs performances bioclimatiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825646.
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Les règles et usages actuels de conception des bâtiments sont essentiellement basés sur la minimisation des déperditions thermiques, ce qui se traduit par la prédominance de l'isolation thermique comme solution d'enveloppe. Or cette logique n'est pas nécessairement la plus pertinente car des ressources énergétiques existent dans l'environnement, et leur apport mériterait d'être pris en considération. Certaines technologies bioclimatiques, et surtout solaires, existent déjà mais leur utilisation n'est pas du tout généralisée à cause d'un manque de repère sur leurs performances. Pour considérer la démarche bioclimatique, il est nécessaire de pouvoir évaluer à la fois la "qualité énergétique" de l'environnement, et l'aptitude des bâtiments à exploiter cet environnement. La méthodologie présentée dans cette thèse est basée sur le calcul d'indicateurs de performance bioclimatique issus de simulations numériques de bâtiments dans diverses conditions climatiques. La simulation permet de supprimer facilement une ressource pour pouvoir obtenir les besoins d'un bâtiment non impacté par la ressource. Ces besoins peuvent alors être comparés à chaque instant au potentiel de la ressource afin de déterminer un potentiel utile, valorisable par le bâtiment. Il est également possible de comparer les besoins du bâtiment dans la simulation sans et avec la ressource et d'en déduire la quantité d'énergie provenant de la ressource réellement utilisée par le bâtiment pour couvrir ses besoins. Un jeu d'indicateurs est ainsi défini pour toutes les ressources et tous les besoins d'un bâtiment, et adapté plus particulièrement aux besoins de confort thermique (chauffage et rafraîchissement) et à trois ressources de l'environnement (le soleil, la voûte céleste et l'air extérieur). Un cas d'étude est alors choisi pour appliquer cette méthode et les résultats sont analysés à l'échelle du bâtiment tout entier ainsi qu'à l'échelle de chaque paroi. Une première analyse globale, sur toute l'année, permet de fixer des points de repères sur l'état des ressources et l'exploitation qui en est faite par les bâtiments. Dans un second temps, les résultats instantanés sont analysés de manière dynamique, et montrent que ces nouveaux indicateurs permettent de bien caractériser le comportement d'un bâtiment dans son environnement. Enfin, les indicateurs sont utilisés dans une approche de conception des bâtiments, et plusieurs pistes sont explorées. Une étude paramétrique est tout d'abord menée et permet d'observer l'influence du niveau d'isolation sur les indicateurs de potentiel et de performance. Puis ces indicateurs sont utilisés pour évaluer la performance bioclimatique de solutions d'enveloppe solaires. Dans un troisième temps, une optimisation de l'enveloppe est menée selon deux critères : un critère classique de minimisation du besoin, mais également un critère bioclimatique de maximisation de l'exploitation du potentiel solaire.
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Costa, Angelina Dias Le?o. "An?lise bioclim?tica e investiga??o do conforto t?rmico em ambientes externos: uma experi?ncia no bairro de Petr?polis em Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2003. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12411.
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Previous issue date: 2003-07-07Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This study was intended to investigate how the urban form has been influencing the changes in the climate of the city and make a correlation between the climate and the thermal sensation of the users of open spaces. The research was developed in the district of Petr?polis in Natal/ RN whose occupation has been almost consolidated. Among other reasons, this district was selected because it was planned considering the environmental aspects of comfort. The methodologies used are based on KATZSCHNER (1997) and OLIVEIRA (1988) studies, which suggest the drawing and analysis of maps of the area under study, including topography, height of the buildings, land use, green areas, and types of soil pavement, as well as measurement of the environmental variables: air temperature, relative humidity, direction and wind speed for a comparative study. As part of this, study local users of the district were interviewed about their thermal sensations in open spaces. For the statistical analysis, data was collected at 10 distinct points characterized by BUSTOS ROMERO (2002), being 8 within the district and 2 at different places (outside the district), at climatologic stations, in 3 periods (August/2000, January/2002 and June/2002), for 4 consecutive days for each measurement (from Sunday to Wednesday) at the time of lower and higher temperatures in the city, 6:00 am and 1:00 pm, respectively. At the same time interviews were carried out with users of the open spaces in the area, totaling 171 valid formularies. The urban form showed a rather leveled topography, great diversity of land use and height of the buildings, with the existence of an area mostly occupied with high buildings, very little green area and soil practically impermeable. The statistical analysis showed high temperature and humidity levels. The wind direction is predominantly Southeast with extremely variable speeds. When the data from this district is compared with the data from other areas in the city and its outskirt, it was observed that this district is hotter and less ventilated than the others; besides, most users said that they felt uncomfortable in the local environmental conditions. The results of the analysis generated a zoning for the district with recommendations for soil occupation. The profile of the user was defined regarding the thermal comfort, as well as some discussion about the comfort parameters, including the proposal of limiting areas of temperature and humidity for the thermal comfort in the open spaces
Este estudo pretendeu investigar a maneira como a forma urbana vem influenciando as altera??es no clima da cidade e correlacion?-la com a sensa??o t?rmica do usu?rio do ambiente externo. A pesquisa ambientou-se no bairro de Petr?polis em Natal/ RN, que tem sua ocupa??o em parte consolidada e foi escolhido, dentre outras raz?es, por ter sido planejado levando-se em considera??o aspectos ambientais de conforto. As metodologias adotadas baseiam-se nos estudos de KATZSCHNER (1997) e OLIVEIRA (1988) que sugerem a elabora??o e an?lise de mapas da ?rea de estudo como topografia, altura das edifica??es, uso do solo, ?reas verdes e tipo de recobrimento do solo, aliados ? medi??o de vari?veis ambientais: temperatura do ar e umidade relativa, a velocidade e a dire??o dos ventos, para compara??o; al?m de entrevistas sobre a sensa??o t?rmica dos usu?rios do ambiente externo. Para a an?lise estat?stica foram levantados dados em 10 pontos distintos, caracterizados segundo m?todo proposto por BUSTOS ROMERO (2002), sendo 08 dentro do bairro e 02 fora dele, em esta??es meteorol?gicas, durante 03 per?odos (agosto/ 2000, janeiro/ 2002 e junho/ 2002), por 04 dias seguidos em cada per?odo (de domingo a quarta-feira), nos hor?rios de menor e maior temperatura para a cidade, 06h e 13h respectivamente. Simultaneamente, foram realizadas entrevistas com os usu?rios do ambiente externo do bairro, totalizando 171 formul?rios v?lidos. A forma urbana encontrada apresentou topografia pouco acidentada, grande diversidade de uso do solo e de altura das edifica??es com exist?ncia de n?cleo verticalizado, muito pouca ?rea verde e terreno praticamente imperme?vel. A an?lise estat?stica evidenciou altas temperaturas e umidades, e dire??o predominante dos ventos Sudeste, com velocidade bastante vari?vel. Quando comparados aos dados de outras ?reas da cidade e arredores, verifica-se que o bairro ? mais quente e menos ventilado; al?m disso, a maioria dos usu?rios sentiu-se desconfort?vel com as condi??es ambientais locais. Os resultados das an?lises possibilitaram um zoneamento para o bairro aliado a diretrizes para ocupa??o do solo; foi tamb?m tra?ado o perfil do usu?rio em conforto t?rmico e, levantadas algumas discuss?es acerca de par?metros de conforto, inclusive com a proposi??o de faixas limites de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar para o conforto t?rmico no ambiente externo
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Peixoto, Gabriella Vasconcelos. "Expressão arquitetônica e Estratégias Bioclimáticas: a infuência do clima na configuração da casa e na construção do repertório arquitetônico em Pilar-AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/713.
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The human intuitive search for shelter was the reason for their survival. In this process, the climate takes an outliner role, making the architectonic production unique, which finds in the house its greatest adaptive strategies repository. Even though, throughout history, this repertoire has been forgotten. Concerned about life and its maintenance, the bioclimatic approach constitutes a way to redeem and develop solutions that reinstate architecture and environment. Thereby, it reflects in the architectural design the climate and site consciousness, and embraces, in an interdependent way, the environment and life which singularizes it. The present work investigated the existence of a possible architecture and climate dialogue, born with the primary intention of dwelling in the tropics, through the embodying of bioclimatic strategies by the vernacular architecture of Pilar-AL. The methodology was based in a multiple case study and was developed based on the context and selection of six houses; survey and iconographic material production; measurement of air temperature and relative humidity data; creation of bioclimatic diagrams; simulation of wind and shading behavior; collected data processing and systematization of the results, in which comparisons between architectonic examples obeyed a qualitative approach. The results suggest an efficient bioclimatic response of the studied houses against the considered thermal comfort range in the evaluated period, shading and ventilation. The answers confirm the coherent use of verandas, crafted window design, porous internal partitions, wind permeable roofs, thick external walls protected from sun incidence and light inner walls. Therefore, it was possible to recognize, considering the work‟s limitations, an architectonic repertoire adapted to its climatic context and the importance of the constructive heritage to the cultural enrichment and the strength of the bioclimatic approach in architecture.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A intuitiva busca do homem por abrigos foi razão de sua sobrevivência. Nesse processo, o clima assume contornos delineadores, particularizando a produção arquitetônica, que encontra na casa o maior repositório das estratégias adaptativas. Todavia, ao longo da história, esse repertório tem sido esquecido. Preocupada com a permanência da vida, a abordagem bioclimática constitui uma forma de resgatar e desenvolver soluções que reintegrem arquitetura e meio. Desse modo, reflete no desenho arquitetônico a consciência do lugar e do clima, e abrange de forma interdependente o ambiente e a vida que o singulariza. O presente trabalho investigou a existência de um possível diálogo entre clima e arquitetura, nascido com a intenção primeira de habitar os trópicos, através do processo de incorporação de estratégias bioclimáticas à arquitetura vernácula da cidade de Pilar-AL. A metodologia fundamentou-se em um estudo de casos múltiplos e foi desenvolvida a partir da escolha do contexto e de seis edificações; levantamento e produção do material iconográfico; aferição dos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar; elaboração de diagramas bioclimáticos; simulação do comportamento dos ventos e do sombreamento; tratamento dos dados obtidos e sistematização dos resultados alcançados, cujas comparações entre exemplares arquitetônicos seguiram uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados sugerem a eficiente resposta bioclimática das casas investigadas frente à faixa de conforto térmico considerada para os períodos monitorados, ao sombreamento e à ventilação. Respostas que corroboraram o coerente uso de alpendres, esquadrias trabalhadas, elementos vazados, telhados permeáveis aos ventos, grossas paredes externas abrigadas da insolação e leves divisórias internas. Assim, foi possível perceber, dentro das limitações estabelecidas, a construção de um repertório arquitetônico adaptado ao contexto climático local e a importância da herança construtiva para o enriquecimento da cultura e o fortalecimento da abordagem bioclimática da arquitetura.
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Nascimento, Gustavo Rosas. "Refrigeração evaporativa de telhados por meio de gotejamento de água. Experimento em bancada de testes." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4717.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-09Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The cooling effect of evaporation is used in dry climates buildings since ancient times. Water evaporation can remove heat of roofs, cooling the interior of buildings indirectly. This study presents the measurement results of a test bed which received two identical tiles, one of them receiving water application and the other kept dry. Its objective was to investigate the effects that the evaporation provokes on internal surface temperature of ceramic tiles and fibrocement tiles. Using regression analyses, strong correlations were found among the falls observed in tiles internal surface temperatures and the climatic conditions. The evaporation provoked reduction of until 18,7 oC in the ceramic roof and until 17ºC reduction in the fibrocement one.
O resfriamento evaporativo de ambientes é conhecido pelos habitantes de regiões de clima seco desde a antiguidade. A evaporação de água sobre coberturas retira calor das mesmas, refrigerando indiretamente o interior da edificação. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo em que foram medidos os efeitos que a evaporação provoca sobre as temperaturas superficiais internas de telhas de barro e de fibrocimento, sujeitas às variações climáticas como o vento e radiação solar. Para tanto, montou-se uma bancada de testes onde foram monitoradas telhas idênticas, uma com gotejamento de água e outra mantida seca, em situações de inverno em laboratório e em situações de verão em campo. Por meio de análise de regressão, identificou-se fortes correlações entre as quedas observadas nas temperaturas superficiais internas das telhas e as condições climáticas. A evaporação provocou redução de até 18,7 ºC na temperatura superficial interna da telha de barro e de até 17ºC na de telha de fibrocimento. Os resultados indicaram que o gotejamento de água sobre superfícies externas de telhas de barro e de fibrocimento reduz a temperatura superficial interna das mesmas por meio da refrigeração evaporativa, sendo um potencial método de resfriamento passivo de telhados de barro e de fibrocimento na região de São Carlos-SP.
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Vidal, Pimentel Marisol. "Ecolodge en el desierto de Paracas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626206.
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El presente proyecto responde a la necesidad de mantener, conservar y sostener en el tiempo, uno de los destinos naturales de nuestro país, como son las dunas del Desierto de Paracas, cuyo valor se trata de potenciar al crear un Ecolodge con énfasis en la Arquitectura Bioclimática.
Paracas, a pesar de ser uno de los destinos preferidos por los turistas nacionales y extranjeros, no cuenta con una capacidad hotelera que pueda satisfacer los nuevos requerimientos en cuanto a hoteles con principios ecológicos.
En tal sentido, se plantea un Ecolodge, donde el diseño y elementos constructivos a utilizarse estarán básicamente en función del clima de Paracas que se muestra soleado durante todo el año y acompañado de fuertes vientos.
Esta nueva modalidad de hospedaje, se sustenta en principios de conservación y protección del medio ambiente, así como en el mejor aprovechamiento de la energía solar cuyos pilares son la captación, acumulación y distribución eficiente de la energía generada. Se toma en cuenta también el manejo de residuos, y el consumo responsable del agua con la finalidad de poderla reutilizar a través del sistema de riego por goteo, y generando además programas que beneficien directamente al desarrollo de la localidad
y sus comunidades.The purpose of this project is to maintain, preserve, and sustain throughout time, one of the main ecotourism destinations in our country, such as the Paracas Desert dunes. We aim to increase the value of this location through the development of an Ecolodge, with a focus on Bioclimatic Architecture. Given that Paracas is one of the preferred destinations by both foreign and local tourists, its main issue revolves around the lack of hotels that can satisfy new requirements in terms of ecological principles. In this context, raices the idea of an Ecolodge, where the design and building materials used will be selected in accordance with the Paracas climate, which is comprised of year-long sunshine accompanied by strong winds. The new hospitality approach is based upon conservation and environmental protection principles, as well as an improved use of solar energy, whose pillars include the collection, accumulation, and efficient distribution of energy. Waste management and responsible consumption of water is taken into account as well, with the purpose of re-utilizing water via a drip irrigation system. Finally, the strategy will ultimately generate programs that will directly benefit the development of local communities.
Tesis
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Perrau, Antoine. ""Influence de la ventilation naturelle dans l'évolution de l'architecture tropicale". "Évaluation de cette influence au travers un regard d'architecte et d'urbaniste exerçant à La Réunion"." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0045.
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Cette thèse propose une approche axée sur l’étude de l’influence de la ventilation naturelle dans l’évolution de l’architecture tropicale, d’hier, aujourd’hui et demain. Ce travail part des constats liés à la crise énergétique et ses conséquences, le réchauffement climatique et l’usage immodéré de la climatisation. Il se focalise sur le milieu tropical en pleine croissance démographique, économique et donc énergétique. Dans un premier temps elle répond à la question : Un climat commun, tropical humide, a-t-il pu produire des typologies architecturales originales et communes, malgré une forte dispersion géographique et temporelle, à une époque où la physique des bâtiments n’avait pas cours. ? Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons tenté de caractériser le confort thermique et par quels dispositifs (architecturaux et techniques) il est obtenu pour une « case » traditionnelle Réunionnaise représentative. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous sommes demandés : Comment transposer ces concepts anciens dans des projets contemporains, en respectant quels principes, avec quels outils et pour obtenir quels résultats ? Ceci à partir d’une évaluation de deux études de cas, L’Ilet du Centre et le collège Bouéni, des outils utilisés, de leur contexte d’emploi et l’efficience de ces dispositifs. Enfin dans un dernier temps nous avons pris conscience de la nécessité d’un changement d’échelle. Nous avons, au travers une étude de cas, la ZAC Cœur de ville de La Possession, étudié comment proposer la transcription et assurer la pérennité de la chaine de ventilation naturelle, étudiée dans les trois premières parties, afin de rendre le concept de ville éolienne applicable, opposable, et donc reproductible. Résultats : En termes de résultats, l’étude de ces exemples a montré l’importance de la ventilation naturelle dans la zone tropicale, l’impact sur les formes bâties, les solutions permettant l’obtention du confort dans une case traditionnelle réunionnaise, mis en évidence le rôle du contexte lointain et proche, le risque de dysfonctionnement en cas de modification de celui-ci, l’intérêt de l’usage approprié de nouveaux outils de conception, dont l’ingénierie aéraulique et de les adapter au contexte géographique, climatique et programmatique. Nous avons alors proposé d’assurer la pérennité de ces dispositifs à l’échelle du bâtiment en passant à l’échelle urbaine. Ce travail de thèse a permis notamment de faire des propositions sur une transposition règlementaire de ces règles dans le PLU. Pour cela, nous avons établis des règles de constructibilité, dans le projet Cœur de ville de La Possession préservant un potentiel de ventilation naturelle aux bâtiments dans la trame urbaine grâce à une approche en ingénierie aéraulique intégrée. La transposition règlementaire de ces règles dans le PLU a enfin permis de définir un droit à la ventilation naturelle. Ceci constitue un premier exemple appliqué d’urbanisme éolien réglementaire tout en mettant en évidence la nécessité d’effectuer un suivi opérationnel rigoureux pour en assurer le succès completThis thesis proposes an approach based on the study of the influence of natural ventilation in the evolution of tropical architecture, past, present and future. This work starts from the observations related to the energy crisis and its consequences, global warming and the excessive use of air conditioning. It focuses on the tropical environment, which is experiencing rapid demographic, economic and therefore energy growth. First, it answers the question: Could a common, humid tropical climate have produced original and common architectural typologies, despite a strong geographical and temporal dispersion, at a time when the physics of buildings was not in use? In a second step, we tried to characterize thermal comfort and by which devices (architectural and technical) it is obtained for a traditional representative Reunionese "hut". Thirdly, we asked ourselves: How can we transpose these old concepts into contemporary projects, respecting which principles, with which tools and to obtain which results? This is based on an evaluation of two case studies, L'Ilet du Centre and Collège Bouéni, the tools used, their context of use and the efficiency of these devices. Finally, we have recently become aware of the need for a change of scale. Through a case study, we studied the ZAC Cœur de ville de La Possession, how to propose the transcription and ensure the sustainability of the natural ventilation chain, studied in the first three parts, in order to make the concept of a wind city applicable, enforceable, and therefore reproducible. Results: In terms of results, the study of these examples showed the importance of natural ventilation in the tropical zone, the impact on built forms, the solutions allowing comfort to be obtained in a traditional Reunionese hut, the role of the distant and nearby context, the risk of dysfunction in the event of modification of it, the interest of the appropriate use of new design tools, including aerothermal engineering and their adaptation to the geographical, climatic and programming context. We then proposed to ensure the sustainability of these devices on a building scale by moving to an urban scale. This thesis work made it possible in particular to make proposals for the regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU. To this end, we have established constructability rules in the Cœur de ville project of La Possession, which preserves the potential for natural ventilation of buildings in the urban fabric through an integrated airflow engineering approach. The regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU has finally made it possible to define a right to natural ventilation. This is a first applied example of regulatory wind energy planning while highlighting the need for rigorous operational monitoring to ensure its complete success
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Marins, Karin Regina de Casas Castro. "Proposta metodológica para planejamento energético no desenvolvimento de áreas urbanas. O potencial da integração de estratégias e soluções em morfologia e mobilidade urbanas, edifícios, energia e meio ambiente: o caso da operação urbana Água Branca no município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-09062010-155906/.
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O objeto da presente tese é o desenvolvimento de uma proposta metodológica para planejamento energético no desenvolvimento de áreas urbanas, na escala de distritos, bairros e unidades de vizinhança. A metodologia proposta é aplicável a estudos de desenvolvimento de novas áreas urbanas, distritos ou bairros e estudos para requalificação de áreas urbanas já ocupadas, como ferramenta de suporte ao planejamento e ao processo decisório. Inicialmente, foi produzida uma base referencial dos principais condicionantes para o planejamento energético urbano, segundo o escopo considerado nesse trabalho de pesquisa. Nessa etapa foram identificadas e analisadas as interdependências entre esses fatores e sua participação no consumo energético e nas emissões de poluentes. A proposta metodológica está estruturada em dois módulos principais: Módulo 1 - Gerenciamento da Demanda de Energia, envolvendo aspectos relacionados à Morfologia Urbana, Mobilidade Urbana e Edificações, tais como densidade populacional e construída, uso e ocupação do solo, geometria de quadras e cânion urbano, sistema de transporte urbano de passageiros, sistema viário, tecnologias veiculares e combustíveis, soluções passivas em conforto ambiental e substituição tecnológica de equipamentos em edificações; e Módulo 2 - Gerenciamento da Oferta de Energia, incluindo sistemas de geração e distribuição de energia elétrica e térmica para aquecimento e resfriamento em escala urbana, inclusive com aproveitamento de recursos energéticos residuais e renováveis. Dos Módulos 1 e 2 resultam os níveis de consumo de energia e as emissões totais de poluentes, incluindo Gases de Efeito Estufa e poluentes locais. Na composição da proposta metodológica participam variáveis e parâmetros relacionados aos condicionantes de planejamento energético urbano, bem como procedimentos de cálculo que integram e compatibilizam as configurações urbanas quanto à morfologia, mobilidade, edificações, e geração de energia. Os procedimentos foram sistematizados em um conjunto de planilhas eletrônicas e gráficos comparativos, desenvolvidos para aferição da proposta metodológica, suporte na visualização de resultados e indicadores e posterior aplicação como ferramenta no planejamento de áreas urbanas. A proposta metodológica foi aplicada no caso da Operação Urbana Água Branca, no Município de São Paulo, ficando demonstrado o potencial de integração de estratégias e comprovando a tese em questão. Nas duzentas e dezessete diferentes situações configuradas por meio da metodologia proposta, foi possível identificar não apenas importantes potenciais quantitativos, mas também a contribuição relativa dos diversos condicionantes para o resultado global, em termos energéticos, urbanísticos e ambientais. Além dos cenários apresentados, a proposta metodológica permite que diversos outros possam ser configurados para outras áreas urbanas a serem desenvolvidas ou requalificadas, desde que as variáveis e os parâmetros sejam adequadamente adaptados a cada realidade.The subject of this thesis is the development of a methodology for energy planning in the development of urban areas, in the scale of districts and neighborhoods. The proposed methodology has two main applications as a tool to support strategic planning and decision-making process: studies for the development of new urban areas, districts or neighborhoods, and studies for rehabilitation of urban areas already used. Initially, a conceptual and technical approach was done about the main constraints for urban energy planning, according to the scope considered in this research. In this stage, the interrelationships among these factors and their impact in terms of energy consumption and pollutant emissions were identified and analyzed. The proposed methodology is organized into two main modules: Module 1 - Energy Demand Management, involving aspects of urban morphology, urban mobility and buildings, such as population density and built area, land use, urban blocks and urban canyon geometry, urban transport, road system, vehicle and fuel technologies, passive solutions to environmental comfort and technological replacement of equipment in buildings; and Module 2 - Energy Supply Management, including district and local systems for generating and distributing electricity and steam for heating and cooling purpose, including the use of renewable and waste energy resources. Levels of energy consumption and the total emission of pollutants, including greenhouse gases and local pollutants, result from the Modules 1 and 2. The proposed methodology involves variables and parameters related to the constraints of urban energy planning as well as calculation procedures that integrate and match the urban settings under consideration, as urban morphology, mobility, buildings, power generation and district systems. The procedures were systematized into a set of spreadsheets and charts developed to verify the proposed methodology, visualization support of results and indicators, and later application as a tool for planning of urban areas. The proposed methodology was applied to the Agua Branca Urban Operation study-case, in the city of Sao Paulo, in which the potential of integrating strategies was demonstrated. In thirty-six different situations defined by using the proposed methodology, it was possible to identify not only important quantitative potentials but also the relative contribution of various constraints to the overall result in terms of energy, urban and environmental issues. In addition to the scenarios presented, the proposed methodology allows the configuration of several other options to different urban areas to be developed or rehabilitated, but variables and parameters need to be properly adapted to each situation.
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Durão, Carina Oliveira. "Reabilitação sustentável : Introdução de metodologias e estratégias sustentáveis. Projecto de arquitectura sustentável." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5835.
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Pitas, Álvaro João Dias. "O sistema biofísico no âmbito do projeto arquitetónico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19131.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A presente dissertação aborda a relação possível entre a componente biofísica e a Arquitectura baseada numa fundamentação ambiental. Assim, é proposta uma abordagem às possibilidades de interpretação do sistema biofísico na sua capacidade de dar respostas às diferentes fases do processo de projecto e na procura pela estabilidade biofísica. Partindo da cidade de Lisboa enquanto organismo heterogéneo, cuja coesão se vê comprometida pela fragmentação do tecido urbano, direcionamos a nossa atenção para uma zona da cidade esquecida entre centro e periferia, a Ajuda, lugar de um vasto património cultural e natural, desarticulado e subvalorizado. Recorremos então ao parque como ferramenta de organização urbanística, capaz de relacionar estruturas e dinâmicas de tempos muito diferentes. Como estrutura verde qualificada, vemos como o parque pode contribuir para a salvaguarda e defesa dos recursos e sistemas naturais, oferecendo suporte a actividades de lazer. Por fim, apresentamos uma proposta que explora a ideia do parque como pretexto de requalificação e desenvolvimento da envolvente, constituindo um cenário favorável ao estabelecimento de habitação, serviços e equipamentos. Abordamos ainda o tema da casa, enquanto reflexo de um modo de vida contemporâneo, pensada enquanto organismo flexível e em relação com o Sistema Biofísico.
ABSTRACT: This dissertation addresses a possible relation between Architecture and the biophysical component, based on an environmental argument. Hence, it’s an approach to the possibilities of interpretation of the biophysical system in its potential to provide solutions for each phase of the design process in search for a biophysical stability. After we understand Lisbon as a heterogeneous organism with a fragile urban fabric, we focus on a less valued part of the city, between its core and its outskirts, Ajuda, with its vast cultural and natural heritage, despite the lack of urbanistic coherence. We start by studying urban parks as tools to organize the urban grid, being capable as it is of connecting structures and dynamics of very different ages. As a planned green infrastructure, we see how parks can contribute to protect natural resources while standing as a prime platform for leisure activities. We then present a concrete solution of a park that connects and develops its urban surroundings by serving as a hub for commerce, housing, and urban infrastructures. In the last part of this dissertation we study how a house can reflect the contemporary lifestyle and at the same time serve as a flexible organism of mutual connection with the biophysical environment.
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