Academic literature on the topic 'Bioconcentration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Hawker, D. W., and D. W. Connell. "Factors Affecting Bioconcentration of Trace Organic Contamination in Waters." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (1989): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0042.

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The influence of some important biological and physicochemical factors on the bioconcentration of hydrophobic organic chemicals is outlined. For non-ionizable, persistent compounds the bioconcentration factor can be related to a compound's octanol/water partition coefficient, aqueous solubility and molecular weight, while the lipid content of an organism also affects the bioconcentration potential of these compounds. The effect of ionization and biodegradation of organic chemicals on bioconcentration is also discussed.
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Schüürmann, G., and W. Klein. "Advances in bioconcentration prediction." Chemosphere 17, no. 8 (1988): 1551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90207-x.

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Astari, Findiani Dwi, Djamar Tumpal Floranthus Lumban Batu, and Isdradjad Setyobudiandi. "Akumulasi Besi (Fe) pada Kerang Hijau di Perairan Tanjung Mas, Semarang." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 1 (2021): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.1.120.

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The source of iron in waters can come from human activities that carry out activities such as waste disposal in household and industrial activities. Green mussels containing iron are very dangerous for the shells themselves and for human health if consumed in excess. This study aims to analyze the concentration of iron in green mussel meat, determine the safe limit of green mussel meat for consumption by humans, and calculate the value of bioconcentration factors. This research was conducted in the sea of Tanjung Mas, Semarang. Samples taken in the form of green mussels, sediments, and water w
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Banerjee, Sujit, and George L. Baughman. "Bioconcentration factors and lipid solubility." Environmental Science & Technology 25, no. 3 (1991): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00015a024.

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Tolls, Johannes, Pamela Kloepper-Sams, and Dick T. H. M. Sijm. "Surfactant bioconcentration - a critical review." Chemosphere 29, no. 4 (1994): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90040-x.

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Geyer, Harald J., Derek C. G. Muir, Irene Scheunert, Christian E. W. Steinberg, and Antonius A. W. Kettrup. "Bioconcentration of superlipophilic persistent chemicals." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 1, no. 2 (1994): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986510.

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Bailer, A. John, Sean E. Walker, and Kyle J. Venis. "Estimating and testing bioconcentration factors." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 9 (2000): 2338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190925.

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Feng, Jiqin, Xintong Xu, Wenfei Huang, et al. "Enantioselective Toxicity of Tetramethrin to Different Developmental Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Toxics 12, no. 2 (2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020146.

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Chiral pesticides exhibit enantioselective differences in processes such as biological absorption, metabolism, and toxic effects. Organisms have different physiological characteristics at different developmental stages. Therefore, conducting enantiomeric toxicity studies at different developmental stages of organisms can help deepen the understanding of the ecological effects of chiral pesticides. This study focused on trans-tetramethrin (Tet) and investigated the enantioselectivity in bioconcentration, developmental toxicity, estrogenic effects, and immunotoxicity of Tet’s racemate ((±)-Tet)
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Wu, Wenzhu, Jing Xu, Yezhi Dou, Jia Yu, Deyang Kong, and Lixiang Zhou. "Bioaccumulation of Pyraoxystrobin and Its Predictive Evaluation in Zebrafish." Toxics 10, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010005.

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This paper aims to understand the bioaccumulation of pyraoxystrobin in fish. Using a flow-through bioconcentration method, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and clearance rate of pyraoxystrobin in zebrafish were measured. The measured BCF values were then compared to those estimated from three commonly used predication models. At the exposure concentrations of 0.1 μg/L and 1.0 μg/L, the maximum BCF values for pyraoxystrobin in fish were 820.8 and 265.9, and the absorption rate constants (K1) were 391.0 d−1 and 153.2 d−1, respectively. The maximum enrichment occurred at 12 d of exposure. At the
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Dimitrov, S. D., N. C. Dimitrova, J. D. Walker, G. D. Veith, and O. G. Mekenyan. "Predicting bioconcentration factors of highly hydrophobic chemicals. Effects of molecular size." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 10 (2002): 1823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101823.

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The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a parameter that describes the ability of chemicals to concentrate in aquatic organisms. Traditionally, it is modeled by the log–log quantitative structure -activity relationship (QSAR) between the BCF and the octanol- water partition coefficient (Kow). A significant scatter in the parabolic log(BCF)/log(Kow) curve has been observed for narcotics with log(Kow) greater than 5.5. This study shows that the scatter in the log(BCF)/log(Kow) relationship for highly hydrophobic chemicals can be explained by the molecular size. The significance of the maximal cross
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Cantu, Mark. "Shortened in Vivo Bioconcentration Factor Testing in Cyprinus Carpio." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407781/.

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Bioconcentration factor testing serves as the most valuable surrogate for the assessment of bioaccumulation. The assessment of potentially harmful chemicals is crucial to not only the health of aquatic environments, but to humans as well. Chemicals that possess the ability to persist in the environment or that have the potential to bioaccumulate, pose a greater risk to organisms that are exposed to these chemicals. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 305 outlines specific protocols to run an accurate and reliable aquatic flow-through test. However, since its ado
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Steele, IV William B. "Tissue-specific Bioconcentration Factor of the Synthetic Steroid Hormone Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Mpa) in the Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500141/.

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Due to the wide spread occurrence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a pharmaceutical compound, in wastewater effluent and surface waters, the objectives of this work were to determine the tissue specific uptake and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for MPA in common carp. BCFs were experimentally determined for MPA in fish using a 14-day laboratory test whereby carp where exposed to 100 μg/L of MPA for a 7-day period followed by a depuration phase in which fish were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for an additional 7 days. MPA concentrations in muscle, brain, liver and plasma were det
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García, Martínez Santos Noé. "Field and Laboratory Fish Tissue Accumulation of Carbamazepine and Amiodarone." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407838/.

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The goals of this dissertation work were to assess the bioaccumulation potential of carbamazepine and amiodarone, two widely used ionizable pharmaceutical compounds that possess mid-range and high LogD values, respectively, and to evaluate alternative methods to assess chemical accumulation in bluntnose minnows, catfish, and tilapia. Results indicated that carbamazepine does not appreciably bioaccumulate in fish tissue with BCFk and BAF carbamazepine values < 10. Amiodarone, however, with a log D of 5.87 at pH 7.4, accumulated in fish tissues with kinetic BCF values <2,400. Collectively, the d
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Lefebvre, Claudine. "Presence, Bioconcentration and Fate of Galaxolide and Tonalide Fragrances in the North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35105.

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Synthetic musks are incorporated extensively in personal care products to improve their scent, increase their fragrance stability, and prolong their shelf-life. As a consequence, these persistent musks are being released at a considerable rate by wastewater treatment plants and are frequently detected in surface water, bottom sediment, air, and aquatic biota near urban areas. In addition to their hydrophobicity, two synthetic musks, Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN), were reported to cause endocrine disruption in fish species. Although most of the toxic effects in past studies were observe
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Tonini, Federico. "Bioconcentration of selected personal care products in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) is the principal source of information used to assess and regulate the potential hazard and risk for a chemical that has the potential to bioaccumulate in the marine environment, according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The main objective of this thesis was to estimate the BCFs of two different emerging contaminants in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) under controlled laboratory conditions: the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) commonly used in skincare products, and the artificial sweetener Acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) use
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Jacob, Cristina. "Use of the bioconcentration capability of leeches to evaluate chlorophenol pollution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26298.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the use of leeches as in situ monitors of the biological availability of chlorophenols and degree of contamination in the North Arm of the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, where chlorophenols are used as wood preservatives by several forest industry operations. The objective was accomplished by : 1) an integrated series of grab and continous samples to determine the spatial and temporal variability in chlorophenol contamination, 2) in situ and laboratory experiments to compare leech bioconcentration to water levels of pollutants and to d
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Nwobu, Ogochukwu L. "Methylmercury uptake and bioconcentration by the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchineriella subcapitata." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26997.

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Methylmercury (MeHg) enters most aquatic food webs primarily at the phytoplankton level. However, in the complex aquatic ecosystem, it is difficult to fully examine specific pathways. Consequently, in this study, the uptake of environmentally realistic levels of added MeHg concentrations (0.21 to 20 ng Hg L-1 ) by the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchniriella subcapitata grown in batch and semi-continuous cultures at biomass levels of (0.03, 0.15, 0.3 and 3 mg (dw) L-1) was investigated. In algal culture media without dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and in river water samples with DOC concentr
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Adhikari, Sajag. "Solvent Effects and Bioconcentration Patterns of Antimicrobial Compounds in Wetland Plants." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67953/.

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This study looked at effects of organic solvents dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and acetone at 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% concentration on germination and seedling development wetland plants. Even at 0.01% level, all solvents affected some aspect of seed germination or seedling growth. Acetone at 0.01% was least toxic. Root morphological characteristics were most sensitive compared to shoot morphological characteristics. This study also looked at bioconcentration patterns of antimicrobial compounds triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in wetland plants exposed to Denton Municipal Wast
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Miller, Thomas Henry. "Measurement and modelling of pharmaceutical bioconcentration in an aquatic invertebrate, Gammarus pulex." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measurement-and-modellingof-pharmaceutical-bioconcentration-in-an-aquatic-invertebrate-gammarus-pulex(0cb58627-4405-4096-b735-d5344357c171).html.

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The aim of this work was to understand the bioconcentration potential of pharmaceuticals in a freshwater invertebrate. The novelty of this work lies in several parts of which the most important was that a computational model was developed to successfully predict bioconcentration in invertebrates, which has not been achieved previously. For the first time, a developed analytical method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Gammarus pulex across several tributaries of the River Thames (London, UK). The occurrenc
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Smith, Caleb M. "Bioconcentration and Morphological Effects of Triclosan on Three Species of Wetland Plants." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271900/.

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Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound found in several types of common household products. After being washed down the drain, TCS will then end up in the local watershed. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the fate and effects of TCS in aquatic environments, there have been no studies evaluating the role arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) play in a plants response to TCS exposure. Three species of wetland plants native North Texas were inoculated with AM spores and exposed to 0, 0.4 g/L and 4.0 g/L TCS concentrations. Root morphology of E. prostrata and S. herbacea
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Books on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Test No. 305 : Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test. OECD Publishing, 1996.

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Test No. 305: Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test. OECD Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070462-en.

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Essai n° 305: Bioconcentration: Essai dynamique chez le poisson. Éditions OCDE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070479-fr.

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Hoffmann, Jennifer L. The effect of a mixture of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene on the uptake, elimination, and bioconcentration of anthracene in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Greger, M. "Metal Availability and Bioconcentration in Plants." In Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07745-0_1.

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Kime, David E. "Bioconcentration of Pollutants in Fish Tissue." In Endocrine Disruption in Fish. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4943-7_3.

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Shah, Shrushti, and Ashutosh Kumar. "Bioavailability, Bioconcentration, and Biomagnification of Pollutants." In Environmental Toxicology and Ecosystem. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003244349-9.

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Katagi, Toshiyuki. "Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1440-8_1.

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Augusto, Sofia. "Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Biomagnification of Volatile Methylsiloxanes in Biota." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_387.

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Nascimben, Mauro, Silvia Spriano, Lia Rimondini, and Manolo Venturin. "Molecular Fingerprint Based and Machine Learning Driven QSAR for Bioconcentration Pathways Determination." In Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations for Biomedical Applications. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35715-2_7.

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Corsolini, S., and S. Focardi. "Bioconcentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Pelagic Food Chain of the Ross Sea." In Ross Sea Ecology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59607-0_42.

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McCarty, Lynn S. "Relationship between Toxicity and Bioconcentration for Some Organic Chemicals. I. Examination of the Relationship." In QSAR in Environmental Toxicology - II. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3937-0_16.

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McCarty, Lynn S. "Relationship Between Toxicity and Bioconcentration for Some Organic Chemicals. II. Application of the Relationship." In QSAR in Environmental Toxicology - II. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3937-0_17.

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Naranjo-Moran, Jaime, Gianna Mawyin-Mora, Tannia Reyes-Vilches, and José Luis Ballesteros-Lara. "Hyperaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Ruderal Species of the Maria Auxiliadora Campus of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Guayaquil, Ecuador." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_26.

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Abstract Heavy metal contamination in urban soils is a growing concern. Hyperaccumulating ruderal species offer an alternative for bioremediation of these soils. To characterize Cd and Pb hyper-accumulating ruderal species in the soil adjacent to the María Auxiliadora campus of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Guayaquil, Ecuador. Soil samples and more than 50 ruderal species were collected. The three most representative species (Distimake aegyptius, Bidens bipinnata and Chenchrus echinatus) were selected for translocation factor, bioconcentration, germination and mortality analyses. Cd an
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Conference papers on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Shavliashvili, L., G. Kuchava, E. Shubladze, M. Tabatadze, and S. Iram. "PHYTOREMEDIATION OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATED SOILS OF THE AMBROLAURI MUNICIPALITY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s12.29.

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Phytoremediation technology is environmentally friendly and inexpensive to clean soils of harmful toxins. The study aims to introduce phytoremediation of arsenic in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions to restore soil fertility. For this study, three plants, Amaranthus gangeticus, Chenopodium album and Helianthus annuus, were selected for the accumulation and translocation of Arsenic from the contaminated soil. The seeds of selected plants were treated with the bioactivator Biorag to increase the plant's green mass. Plants were sown in May and harvested in August and October. Plants w
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Fraser, Greig Cameron. "Method for Determining the Bioconcentration Factor of Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates." In SPE Offshore Europe Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/123846-ms.

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Kautmanova, Ivona, Eliska Gburova Stubnova, Bronislava Lalinska-Volekova, and Tomas Farago. "MACROMYCETES AND PLANTS FROM AREAS AFFECTED BY ANTIMONY MINING � BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.036.

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Species of macrofungi were collected from extremely polluted sampling spots in the vicinity of abandoned antimony mines in Slovakia. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in plants and fungi were determined by ICP-MS and in soils and sediments by both ICP-MS and ICP-ES. Of the edible species the highest values of arsenic and cadmium were recorded in Agaricus arvensis, lead in Imleria badia and representatives of the genera Boletus, Leccinum and Suillus accumulated high levels of mercury. Suillus species also accumulated high levels of antimony and chromium. Bioconcentration factors were
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Chidi, Nnorom Innocent. "Bioconcentration of Mercury by Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Southern Nigeria." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71200.

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Shi, Xiaoping, and Huilong Xia. "Bioconcentration of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Eichornia crassipes in Zhejiang, China." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516121.

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Sauliutė, Gintarė, Milda Stankevičiūtė, Gintaras Svecevičius, Janina Baršienė, and Roberta Valskienė. "Assessment of heavy metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) and genotoxicity response induced by metal mixture in Salmo salar tissues." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.043.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) in gills, liver, kidneys and muscle in relation with genotoxicity effects of metal mixture in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were exposed to maximum-permissible waterborne concentrations of Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively for 7 and 14 days. Genotoxicity was studied using the micronucleus test. In addition, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were analysed. Our study indicates that metal BCF in
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Cibulskaitė, Živilė, Nijolė Kazlauskienė, Kęstutis Jokšas, et al. "Accumulation of Cd in the Early Stages of the Development of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Exposed to Cd-Based Quantum Dots and Cd Salt." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.014.

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The main aims of the present study were: 1) to determine the concentration of Cd in water during the experiment after long-term exposure to rainbow trout embryos and larvae to sublethal concentrations of Cd-based quantum dots (QDs) and Cd chloride salt, and 2) to evaluate accumulation of Cd in the whole body of test-organisms depending on the type of chemical substances (QDs or single Cd) and the duration of exposure. Experimental studies at the early developmental stages of rainbow trout were performed under static conditions. Cd concentration in water during the experiment was significantly
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Nguemté, P. M., G. V. Djumyom Wafo, P. F. Djocgoue, I. M. Kengne Noumsi, and N. A. Wanko. "Potentialities of Six Plant Species on Phytoremediation Attempts of Fuel Oil-Contaminated Soils - PAHs Impacts on Bioconcentration and Translocation Factors." In The 4th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr18.125.

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Reports on the topic "Bioconcentration"

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Gust, Kurt, Ashley Kimble, J. Mylroie, et al. Bioconcentration, maternal transfer, and toxicokinetics of PFOS in a multi-generational zebrafish exposure. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49812.

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To enable risk characterization of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in extended chronic and multi-generational exposures, we assessed PFOS bioconcentration in zebrafish exposed continuously to environmentally-relevant PFOS concentrations through 180 days postfertilization in parental and first filial generation fish. Exposures included five replicate tanks per treatment where whole-body PFOS concentrations were measured. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid accumulation reached an apparent steady state at ≤ 14 dpf where whole-body wet-weight concentrations remained constant through 180 dpf in the P and
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Friday, G. P., C. L. Cummins, and A. L. Schwartzman. Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/573692.

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Cummins, C. L. Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/95209.

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Dashtey, Ahmed, Patrick Mormile, Sandra Pedre, Stephany Valdaliso, and Walter Tang. Prediction of PFOA and PFOS Toxicity through Log P and Number of Carbon with CompTox and Machine Learning Tools. Florida International University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/ceefac.2024.00202400.

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are two major groups of PFAS will be subjected to the Maximal Contamination Concentration (MCL) of 4 ng/l in drinking water to be implemented by the U.S. EPA by 2025. How to accurately predict toxicity of PFAS with varied carbon chain length is important for treatment and sequential removal from drinking water. This study presents Quantitative Structure and Activity Relationship (QSAR) models developed through both linear regression and two order regression. Log P is compiled from reference and carbon content is counted as
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Busby, Ryan, Thomas Douglas, Joshua LeMonte, David Ringelberg, and Karl Indest. Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41443.

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Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forb
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