Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biocrust

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Biocrust'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biocrust"

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Chen, Ning, Kailiang Yu, Rongliang Jia, Jialing Teng, and Changming Zhao. "Biocrust as one of multiple stable states in global drylands." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (September 2020): eaay3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3763.

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Biocrusts cover ~30% of global drylands with a prominent role in the biogeochemical cycles. Theoretically, biocrusts, vascular plants, and bare soil can represent multiple stable states in drylands. However, no empirical evidence for the existence of a biocrust stable state has been reported. Here, using a global drylands dataset, we found that biocrusts form an alternative stable state (biocrust cover, ~80%; vascular cover, ≤10%) besides bare soil (both biocrust and vascular cover, ≤10%) and vascular plants (vascular cover, >50%; biocrust cover, ~5%). The pattern of multiple stable states associated with biocrusts differs from the classic fold bifurcation, and values of the aridity index in the range of 0 to 0.6 define a bistable region where multiple stable states coexist. This study empirically demonstrates the existence and thresholds of multiple stable states associated with biocrusts along climatic gradients and thus may greatly contribute to conservation and restoration of global drylands.
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Yang, Xueqin, Mingxiang Xu, Yunge Zhao, Liqian Gao, and Shanshan Wang. "Moss-dominated biological soil crusts improve stability of soil organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, China." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (February 1, 2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/473/2018-pse.

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The succession of biological soil crust (biocrust) may alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stability by affecting SOC fractions in arid and semi-arid regions. In the study, the SOC fractions were measured including soil easily oxidizable carbon (SEOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil water soluble carbon (SWSC), and soil mineralizable carbon (SMC) at the Loess Plateau of China by using four biocrusts. The results show that SOC fractions in the biocrust layer were consistently higher than that in the subsoil layers. The average SOC content of moss crust was approximately 1.3–2.0 fold that of three other biocrusts. Moss crusts contain the lowest ratio of SEOC to SOC compared with other biocrusts. The ratio of SMC to SOC was the highest in light cyanobacteria biocrust and the lowest in moss crust, but no difference was observed in SMBC to SOC and SWSC to SOC in biocrust layers among four studied biocrusts. The results show that the moss crusts increase the accumulation of organic carbon into soil and reduce the ratio of SEOC to SOC and SMC to SOC. Together, these findings indicate that moss crusts increase the SOC stability and have important implications that SOC fractions and mineralization amount are good indicators for assessing the SOC stability.
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Kim, Minsu, and Dani Or. "Hydration status and diurnal trophic interactions shape microbial community function in desert biocrusts." Biogeosciences 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2017): 5403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5403-2017.

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Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are self-organised thin assemblies of microbes, lichens, and mosses that are ubiquitous in arid regions and serve as important ecological and biogeochemical hotspots. Biocrust ecological function is intricately shaped by strong gradients of water, light, oxygen, and dynamics in the abundance and spatial organisation of the microbial community within a few millimetres of the soil surface. We report a mechanistic model that links the biophysical and chemical processes that shape the functioning of biocrust representative microbial communities that interact trophically and respond dynamically to cycles of hydration, light, and temperature. The model captures key features of carbon and nitrogen cycling within biocrusts, such as microbial activity and distribution (during early stages of biocrust establishment) under diurnal cycles and the associated dynamics of biogeochemical fluxes at different hydration conditions. The study offers new insights into the highly dynamic and localised processes performed by microbial communities within thin desert biocrusts.
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Kammann, Sandra, Ulf Schiefelbein, Christian Dolnik, Tatiana Mikhailyuk, Eduard Demchenko, Ulf Karsten, and Karin Glaser. "Successional Development of the Phototrophic Community in Biological Soil Crusts on Coastal and Inland Dunes." Biology 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12010058.

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(1) Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are microecosystems consisting of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms growing on the topsoil. This study aims to characterize changes in the community structure of biocrust phototrophic organisms along a dune chronosequence in the Baltic Sea compared to an inland dune in northern Germany. (2) A vegetation survey followed by species determination and sediment analyses were conducted. (3) The results highlight a varying phototrophic community composition within the biocrusts regarding the different successional stages of the dunes. At both study sites, a shift from algae-dominated to lichen- and moss-dominated biocrusts in later successional dune types was observed. The algae community of both study sites shared 50% of the identified species while the moss and lichen community shared less than 15%. This indicates a more generalized occurrence of the algal taxa along both chronosequences. The mosses and lichens showed a habitat-specific species community. Moreover, an increase in the organic matter and moisture content with advanced biocrust development was detected. The enrichment of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the different biocrust types showed a similar relationship. (4) This relation can be explained by biomass growth and potential nutrient mobilization by the microorganisms. Hence, the observed biocrust development potentially enhanced soil formation and contributed to nutrient accumulation.
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Steven, Blaire, Cheryl R. Kuske, La Verne Gallegos-Graves, Sasha C. Reed, and Jayne Belnap. "Climate Change and Physical Disturbance Manipulations Result in Distinct Biological Soil Crust Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 21 (August 14, 2015): 7448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01443-15.

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ABSTRACTBiological soil crusts (biocrusts) colonize plant interspaces in many drylands and are critical to soil nutrient cycling. Multiple climate change and land use factors have been shown to detrimentally impact biocrusts on a macroscopic (i.e., visual) scale. However, the impact of these perturbations on the bacterial components of the biocrusts remains poorly understood. We employed multiple long-term field experiments to assess the impacts of chronic physical (foot trampling) and climatic changes (2°C soil warming, altered summer precipitation [wetting], and combined warming and wetting) on biocrust bacterial biomass, composition, and metabolic profile. The biocrust bacterial communities adopted distinct states based on the mechanism of disturbance. Chronic trampling decreased biomass and caused small community compositional changes. Soil warming had little effect on biocrust biomass or composition, while wetting resulted in an increase in the cyanobacterial biomass and altered bacterial composition. Warming combined with wetting dramatically altered bacterial composition and decreasedCyanobacteriaabundance. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified four functional gene categories that differed in relative abundance among the manipulations, suggesting that climate and land use changes affected soil bacterial functional potential. This study illustrates that different types of biocrust disturbance damage biocrusts in macroscopically similar ways, but they differentially impact the resident soil bacterial communities, and the communities' functional profiles can differ depending on the disturbance type. Therefore, the nature of the perturbation and the microbial response are important considerations for management and restoration of drylands.
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Sommer, V., A. Palm, A. Schink, P. Leinweber, N. Gose, U. Karsten, and K. Glaser. "Artificial biocrust establishment on materials of potash tailings piles along a salinity gradient." Journal of Applied Phycology 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02609-7.

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Abstract Biocrust communities provide a pallet of ecosystem services, such as soil stabilization, altering of hydrological cycles and primary production, and often are the first colonizers of unvegetated surfaces during succession. Therefore, artificially establishing biocrusts can improve soil properties, for example, by stabilizing bare soil surfaces against erosion or by accumulating nutrients. In this study, the establishment of artificial biocrusts was tested for the restoration of potash tailings piles that result from potash fertilizer production and mostly consist of NaCl. A biocrust cover as primary vegetation could decrease the saline seepage waters by trapping rainwaters, thereby reducing the environmental pollution. In a laboratory experiment, we created a salt gradient by mixing the tailings materials with non-saline dune sand. Surface material of the abandoned potash tailings pile Neuhof-Ellers (NE) and material of the Infiltration Hampering Stratum (IHS) were tested, along with a treatment with bone charplus (BCplus) and sodium alginate. A mixture of 50% (w/w) IHS and dune sand was most successful for the establishment of green biocrust microalgae, based on increased biomass and photosynthetic performance. The chlorophyll a content was negatively correlated with the electrical conductivity (EC), and was significantly increased in the BCplus and sodium alginate treatment, while biocrusts failed to establish on pure tailings piles substrates. The limit of the substrates EC for biocrust establishment was 35 mS cm−1. This limit provides a baseline for future studies that should use BCplus and sodium alginate to increase the success of biocrust establishment on potash tailings piles.
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Duran, Paola, María de la Luz Mora, Francisco Matus, Patricio Javier Barra, Ignacio Jofré, Yakov Kuzyakov, and Carolina Merino. "Biological Crusts to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration: New Challenges in a New Environment." Biology 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111190.

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The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG emissions. A proposed solution by an expert panel from 195 countries meeting at COP 21 was to increase global SOC stocks by 0.4% year−1 to compensate for GHG emissions, the ‘4 per 1000′ agreement. In this context, the application of biocrusts is a promising framework with which to increase SOC and other soil functions in the soil–plant continuum. Despite the importance of biocrusts, their application to agriculture is limited due to: (1) competition with native microbiota, (2) difficulties in applying them on a large scale, (3) a lack of studies based on carbon (C) balance and suitable for model parameterization, and (4) a lack of studies evaluating the contribution of biocrust weathering to increase C sequestration. Considering these four challenges, we propose three perspectives for biocrust application: (1) natural microbiome engineering by a host plant, using biocrusts; (2) quantifying the contribution of biocrusts to C sequestration in soils; and (3) enhanced biocrust weathering to improve C sequestration. Thus, we focus this opinion article on new challenges by using the specialized microbiome of biocrusts to be applied in a new environment to counteract the negative effects of climate change.
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Samolov, Elena, Karen Baumann, Burkhard Büdel, Patrick Jung, Peter Leinweber, Tatiana Mikhailyuk, Ulf Karsten, and Karin Glaser. "Biodiversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria in Biological Soil Crusts Collected Along a Climatic Gradient in Chile Using an Integrative Approach." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071047.

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Biocrusts are associations of various prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in the top millimeters of soil, which can be found in every climate zone on Earth. They stabilize soils and introduce carbon and nitrogen into this compartment. The worldwide occurrence of biocrusts was proven by numerous studies in Europe, Africa, Asia and North America, leaving South America understudied. Using an integrative approach, which combines morphological and molecular characters (small subunit rRNA and ITS region), we examined the diversity of key biocrust photosynthetic organisms at four sites along the latitudinal climate gradient in Chile. The most northern study site was located in the Atacama Desert (arid climate), followed by open shrubland (semiarid climate), a dry forest region (Mediterranean climate) and a mixed broad leaved-coniferous forest (temperate climate) in the south. The lowest species richness was recorded in the desert (18 species), whereas the highest species richness was observed in the Mediterranean zone (40 species). Desert biocrusts were composed exclusively of single-celled Chlorophyta algae, followed by cyanobacteria. Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and cyanobacteria dominated semiarid biocrusts, whereas Mediterranean and temperate Chilean biocrusts were composed mostly of Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and Ochrophyta. Our investigation of Chilean biocrust suggests high biodiversity of South American biocrust phototrophs.
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Guan, Hongjie, and Xinyu Liu. "Biocrust effects on soil infiltrability in the Mu Us Desert: Soil hydraulic properties analysis and modeling." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 69, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0026.

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Abstract The presence of biocrusts changes water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert. Knowledge of the hydraulic properties of biocrusts and parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are important to improve simulation of infiltration and soil water dynamics in vegetation-soil-water models. In this study, four treatments, including bare land with sporadic cyanobacterial biocrusts (BL), lichen-dominated biocrusts (LB), early-successional moss biocrusts (EMB), and late-successional moss biocrusts (LMB), were established to evaluate the effects of biocrust development on soil water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert, northwest of China. Moreover, a combined Wooding inverse approach was used for the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The results showed that infiltration rate followed the pattern BL > LB > EMB > LMB. Moreover, the LB, EMB, and LMB treatments had significantly lower infiltration rates than the BL treatment. The saturated soil moisture (θs ) and shape parameter (α VG) for the EMB and LMB treatments were higher than that for the BL and LB treatments, although the difference among four treatments was insignificant. Water retention increased with biocrust development at high-pressure heads, whereas the opposite was observed at low-pressure heads. The development of biocrusts influences van Genuchten parameters, subsequently affects the water retention curve, and thereby alters available water in the biocrust layer. The findings regarding the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties have important implications for the simulation of eco-hydrological processes in dryland ecosystems.
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Concostrina-Zubiri, Laura, Juan M. Arenas, Isabel Martínez, and Adrián Escudero. "Unassisted establishment of biological soil crusts on dryland road slopes." Web Ecology 19, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-19-39-2019.

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Abstract. Understanding patterns of habitat natural recovery after human-made disturbances is critical for the conservation of ecosystems under high environmental stress, such as drylands. In particular, the unassisted establishment of nonvascular plants such as biological soil crusts or biocrust communities (e.g., soil lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria) in newly formed habitats is not yet fully understood. However, the potential of biocrusts to improve soil structure and function at the early stages of succession and promote ecosystem recovery is enormous. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of lichen biocrusts to spontaneously establish and develop on road slopes in a Mediterranean shrubland. We also compared taxonomic and functional diversity of biocrusts between road slopes and natural habitats in the surroundings. Biocrust richness and cover, species composition, and functional structure were measured in 17 road slopes (nine roadcuts and eight embankments) along a 13 km highway stretch. Topography, soil properties and vascular plant communities of road slopes were also characterized. We used Kruskal–Wallis tests and applied redundancy analysis (RDA) to test the effect of environmental scenario (road slopes vs. natural habitat) and other local factors on biocrust features. We found that biocrusts were common in road slopes after ∼20 years of construction with no human assistance needed. However, species richness and cover were still lower than in natural remnants. Also, functional structure was quite similar between roadcuts (i.e., after soil excavation) and natural remnants, and topography and soil properties influenced species composition while environmental scenario type and vascular plant cover did not. These findings further support the idea of biocrusts as promising restoration tools in drylands and confirm the critical role of edaphic factors in biocrust establishment and development in land-use change scenarios.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biocrust"

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BLANCO, SACRISTAN JAVIER. "Investigation of terrain control on dryland functioning and composition using multiple remote sensing sensors and platforms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/294894.

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Le zone aride sono tra le aree più sensibili al cambiamento globale e i modelli prevedono un incremento della loro superficie nei prossimi decenni. La morfologia del terreno ha un ruolo chiave nella distribuzione dell'acqua e delle sostanze nutritive nelle zone aride e nella determinazione della loro composizione. Questi ambienti sono composti da vegetazione e suolo nudo, molte volte colonizzato da biocroste, che si prevede subiranno cambiamenti nella composizione. Il telerilevamento è stato evidenziato come uno strumento importante per il monitoraggio delle zone aride. Si tratta di un approccio molto efficace in termini di costi per identificare gli hotspot di biodiversità, prevedere i cambiamenti nella loro composizione e valutare le relazioni che tali cambiamenti hanno con la morfologia del terreno. Utilizzando specifiche tecniche di analisi delle immagini a seconda del caso di studio, il telerilevamento si è dimostrato utile per il monitoraggio di zone aride ben differenziate, ma non in caso di composizione mista. Pertanto, l’obiettivo principale di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di studiare come la composizione eterogenea e il funzionamento delle zone aride sono influenzati dalla morfologia del terreno integrando l’utilizzo di diversi sensori di telerilevamento e piattaforme. Sono stati utilizzati dati provenienti da immagini RGB, termiche ad infrarosso (TIR), multi- e iperspettrali ad altissima risoluzione spaziale acquisite in laboratorio e in campo utilizzando piattaforme aeree, UAV e stazionarie. Sono stati definiti i seguenti obiettivi specifici: - Valutare se le tecniche Structure from Motion (SfM) possono essere utilizzate in zone aride dalla superficie complessa per ricavare la morfologia del terreno da immagini UAV; - Sviluppare una tecnica riproducibile per mettere in relazione le azioni antropiche con i cambiamenti nello stato di salute delle comunità vegetali in ecosistemi aridi utilizzando tecniche di analisi object-based; - Valutare se l'eterogeneità spettrale dei licheni può essere utilizzata per stimare la loro α-diversità utilizzando immagini iperspettrali; - Sviluppare una metodologia per valutare l’influenza della morfologia del terreno sulla distribuzione delle biocroste in zone aride utilizzando informazioni acquisite esclusivamente mediante UAV; - Valutare se le immagini TIR possono essere usate per stimare l'umidità del suolo in zone aride eterogenee. Questa tesi di dottorato comprende una valutazione delle tecniche SfM a diverse scale e della loro applicabilità a diversi livelli. Affronta lo sviluppo di una nuova metodologia per monitorare la vegetazione in un ecosistema dipendente dalle acque sotterranee, dove la loro salute è fondamentale per il funzionamento dell'ecosistema. Inoltre, l'utilizzo di immagini iperspettrali acquisite a distanza ravvicinata ha permesso di stimare la α-diversità dei licheni che formano le biocroste utilizzando la loro diversità spettrale. Questo ha portato ad una migliore comprensione del comportamento spettrale delle biocroste a seconda della loro composizione, permettendo di sviluppare una metodologia per produrre mappe accurate della copertura del suolo in un ecosistema eterogeneo e di relazionare l'effetto della morfologia del terreno sulla composizione degli ambienti aridi.
Drylands are among the most sensitive areas to actual global change and their cover will increase in the next decades. Terrain has a key role in the distribution of water and nutrients in drylands and shaping their composition. These environments are composed by vegetation and bare soil, many times colonized by biocrusts, which are expected to suffer compositional changes. Remote sensing has been highlighted as an important tool for dryland monitoring. It is a very cost-effective approach to identify biodiversity hotspots, predict changes in their composition, and to evaluate the relationships these changes have with the terrain. Using the proper image analysis according to the study case, remote sensing has proved to be useful for monitoring well differentiated drylands, but not when dryland components are mixed. Thus, the main aim of this dissertation was to study how heterogeneous dryland composition and functioning is affected by the terrain using different multiple remote sensing sensors and platforms. Data from very high spatial resolution RGB, thermal infrared, multi- and hyperspectral imagery, retrieved in the laboratory and in the field using airborne, UAV and stationary platforms were used. The next specific objectives were set: - Evaluating whether SfM techniques can be used in drylands with complex surfaces to derive their terrain from UAV imagery; - Developing a reproducible technique to relate human actions to changes in the health of dryland scarce vegetation communities by using object-based image analysis; - Testing whether the spectral heterogeneity of lichens can be used to estimate their α-diversity using hyperspectral imagery; - Developing a methodology to evaluate the control that terrain has on dryland biocrusts’ distribution using information solely retrieved from UAV; - Testing if TIR imagery can estimate soil moisture in heterogeneous drylands. This PhD thesis comprises an evaluation of SfM techniques at different scales and their applicability at different levels. It also comprises a novel methodology to monitor vegetation in a ground-water dependent ecosystem, where their health is key for the ecosystem’s functioning. Moreover, the application of close-range hyperspectral imagery allowed to estimate the α-diversity of biocrust-forming lichens using their spectral diversity. This led to a better understanding of the spectral behaviour of biocrusts depending on their composition and allowed to develop a methodology to produce accurate maps of land cover in a dryland ecosystem of heterogeneous composition and to relate the effect of terrain atrributes on dryland composition.
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Bahr, Jason R. "Exploring Post-Fire Recovery of Biocrusts and Desert Ecosystem Services." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4285.

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Biocrusts and the ecosystem services they provide are becoming more susceptible to fire as exotic annual grass invasions facilitate the spread of desert wildfires. Further, precipitation patterns across the western United States are predicted to change over the next century, and have the potential to dramatically influence fire regimes and the recovery of burned biocrusts. Despite these changes to desert fire and precipitation cycles, our understanding of post-fire biocrust recovery is limited, especially regarding the first two years after fire. To investigate biocrust recovery, we created burn manipulations (i.e., unburned and burned) and tracked crust form and function over two years in one cold and one hot desert ecosystem (UT, USA). We evaluated the entire bacterial community, but focused on Cyanobacteria species that confer soil stability and N fixation capabilities to biocrusts. Specifically, we quantified shifts in biocrust bacterial community composition using target metagenomics of 16S rDNA; monitored biocrust moss and lichen cover; measured N fixation potential; and assessed soil infiltration rates and soil stability. We found little evidence that biocrust form or function recovered from fire within two years. Based on pyrosequencing results, fire altered biocrust community composition in interspace and shrub biocrusts. Cyanobacteria species were almost completely eliminated by fire, constituting 9-21% of unburned plots and less than 0.01% of burned interspace and shrub biocrust communities. Based on cover estimates, no lichen or moss species survived the fire or recovered within two years. N fixation potentials decreased by at least six-fold in burned interspace biocrusts, representing a reduction in soil N inputs into already N-limited desert soils. Soil infiltration rates also drastically declined in burned biocrusts and remained depressed, but only remained depressed for one year. To investigate the interactions between biocrust recovery, fire, and precipitation, we nested precipitation treatments manipulating the amount of monthly rainfall (i.e., ambient, plus 30% and minus 30%) within burn treatments during the second year. Soil NH4+ was the only parameter to be affected by precipitation, and exhibited a positive relationship with precipitation magnitude at the end of one year. Our results demonstrate that fire is a strong destabilizer of the bacterial components of biocrust communities and that the ecosystem services provided by crusts recover at different rates, with N dynamics recovering more slowly than soil ecohydrology.
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Guo, Meina. "Aggregation and biological processes in ion-adsorption rare earth mine tailings under natural restoration and reclamation approaches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0301.

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Les gisements de Terres Rares (REEs) d'argile à adsorption ionique sont l'un des principaux réservoirs de REEs dans le monde. Ils sont principalement distribués dans le Jiangxi, le Guangdong et d'autres provinces du sud de la Chine. Au cours des dernières décennies, leur production a causé de graves dommages environnementaux et laissé une grande superficie de résidus miniers, tels une menace constante sur l'environnement. Les principaux problèmes de ces résidus sont une mauvaise structure physique, une fertilité extrêmement faible, une pollution et une toxicité élevées. Ces facteurs défavorables entravent la colonisation des organismes et la restauration des services écosystémiques. Par conséquent, la restauration de la structure et des fonctions du sol et de l'écosystème sont une question majeure. La succession naturelle et la phytoremédiation sont des stratégies de gestion de ces résidus miniers. Le processus de formation du sol et le mécanisme de succession écologique dans ces différentes stratégies sont différents. Compte tenu du coût et du temps nécessaires, la comparaison de ces approches est essentielle. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier : 1) la structuration et l'évolution des fonctions du sols et des écosystèmes de stériles miniers en succession naturelle; 2) les effets de différentes stratégies de phytoremédiation et 3) l'évaluation comparative de la qualité des sols et de l'environnement écologique dans le cadre de la succession naturelle et de la phytoremédiation. (1) Dans la succession naturelle, les fonctions pédologiques et écologiques progressent considérablement au fil du temps. En outre, nous avons constaté qu'il y avait trois modèles d'évolution complètement différents au début de la succession (sol nu, croûtes biologiques et végétation vasculaire) et que la relation entre eux est évolutive. La genèse d'agrégats du sol, en particulier les macroagrégats biogéniques, impacte l'accumulation de nutriments, le comportement des REEs et la diversité des micro-organismes. (2) De plus, les macroagrégats associés aux croûtes biologiques (BC) et associés aux racines de plantes vasculaires (RS) échantillonnés sur des résidus de REEs se révèlent être différents. Les modalités BC et RS avaient des concentrations en nutriments significativement plus élevées. La concentration de REEs la plus élevée a été observée pour BC, tandis que la plus faible a été observée pour RS, ce qui suggère que les REEs se redistribueraient entre différents horizons selon la restauration biotique. Fait intéressant, les micro-organismes autotrophes étaient concentrés dans BC, tandis que les bactéries rhizosphériques hétérotrophes favorisant la croissance des plantes étaient concentrées dans RS. Ces résultats montrent que le mécanisme et l'efficacité de la restauration entre les différentes approches sont significativement différents. (3) Différentes stratégies de phytoremédiation ont été testées par des expériences de terrain. Par rapport aux résidus nus, l'ajout d'amendement induit une augmentation significative de la fertilité chimique et favorise la formation de macroagrégats, réduisant ainsi la disponibilité des REEs. De plus, les modifications introduisent de nouvelles bactéries (p. ex. Burkholderia), qui modifient certaines caractéristiques biologiques des résidus et favorisent la circulation des éléments nutritifs. Nos expériences sur le terrain ont prouvé l'efficacité et la durabilité des amendements que nous avons conçus, mais cet effet semble avoir disparu à 16 mois. En conclusion, nos recherches montrent que la nature, en tant qu'« ingénieur », améliore sans interruption la qualité du sol et de l'environnement écologique, tandis que les efforts de phytoremédiation, s'ils améliorent considérablement la fonction du sol et de l'environnement écologique, ont un effet qui s'affaiblit avec le temps, ce qui nécessite une observation à plus long terme
Ion-adsorption REE deposits are one of the main reservoirs of REEs worldwide, mainly distributing in southern China. In the past decades, the production of REEs has caused serious environmental damage and left over a large area of tailings which continuously threaten the surrounding environment. The main obstacles for ecological restoration of such tailings are poor physical structure, low nutrients, high pollution of REEs and Al. These unfavourable factors hinder the colonization of organisms and the restoration of ecosystem services. Therefore, how to restore the structure and function of soil and ecosystem has become a major issue. Natural succession and phytoremediation provide an option for restoration of mine tailings. However, so far less is understood in terms of the mechanisms of soil formation and ecological succession of REE tailings under different strategies. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to: 1) study the evolution mechanism of structure and function of tailing soils and ecosystem in natural succession; 2) study the restoration effects of various phytoremediation strategies; and 3) assess the soil and ecological environment quality under natural succession and phytoremediation. The main findings are as follows. (1) In natural succession of a 15-year chronosequence, soil and ecological functions are significantly increasing over time. There are three completely different evolution patterns (i.e. visual bare, biocrust and vascular vegetation) in the early stage of succession. The evolution between biocrusts and vascular plants occurs from the initial mutual promotion to the later competition. The formation of large aggregates (> 0.25 mm) is mainly controlled by the electrostatic interaction of minerals and biological activities, which improves the diversity of microorganisms and accumulation of nutrients, and controls the migration of REEs. (2) The macroaggregates associated with biocrusts (BC) and with vascular plant root soils (RS) show different morphologies, that is, longitudinal stratification of biocrust and interlacement within the rhizosphere. Both BC and RS are significantly enriched in nutrients. The highest REE concentration is observed in BC while the lowest is found in RS, suggesting that REEs could be redistributed among different horizons by biotic processes. Interestingly, autotrophic microorganisms are more concentrated in the BC, while heterotrophic rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are preferentially distributed in the RS. These results show that, although in the same site, the mechanism of soil formation and recovery of soil function under different evolution patterns are quite different. (3) In consideration of time and efficiency, different phytoremediation strategies (i.e. amendment and plantation of pioneer plant Miscantus sinensis and commercial grasses) were conducted by a plot experiment. Compared with bare tailings, the addition of amendment induces a significant increase in nutrients, promotes the formation of macroaggregates, and reduces the availability of REEs. In addition, phytoremediation introduces nitrogen fixing bacteria (e.g. Burkholderia), which change the biological characteristics of tailings and promote nutrient cycling. Our results have proved the effectiveness and sustainability of the amendment input. Nevertheless, the plant effect is not significantly visible within only a 16 month-experiment in this study. In conclusion, this research shows that nature, as an “engineer”, is uninterruptedly improving the soil and ecological environment quality, while phytoremediation efforts can significantly enhance the soil and ecological environment function but the effect weakens with time, which requires longer-term observation
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Taghipour, Alireza. "Fractional distillation of hydrothermal liquefaction Biocrude." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213838/1/Alireza_Taghipour_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis describes fractional distillation as an upgrading method for improving the quality of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude as a green-based biofuel. Firstly, as a part of the biomass to fuel pathway, aqueous phase recycling in the HTL process increased the yield of biocrude production and reduced the nitrogen content. Secondly, fractional distillation improved the biocrude quality (e.g., lower nitrogen content, viscosity, etc), co-processing ability (with conventional fuels) and improved stability during storage. Finally, the learnings from fractional distillation facilitated more accurate process modelling of biocrude assisting biocrude application in the current fossil fuel supply chain.
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Rutherford, William A., Thomas H. Painter, Scott Ferrenberg, Jayne Belnap, Gregory S. Okin, Cody Flagg, and Sasha C. Reed. "Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts." NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623195.

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Drylands represent the planet's largest terrestrial biome and evidence suggests these landscapes have large potential for creating feedbacks to future climate. Recent studies also indicate that dryland ecosystems are responding markedly to climate change. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts). soil surface communities of lichens, mosses, and/or cyanobacteria. comprise up to 70% of dryland cover and help govern fundamental ecosystem functions, including soil stabilization and carbon uptake. Drylands are expected to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, and such alterations may impact biocrust communities by promoting rapid mortality of foundational species. In turn, biocrust community shifts affect land surface cover and roughness-changes that can dramatically alter albedo. We tested this hypothesis in a full-factorial warming (+ 4 degrees C above ambient) and altered precipitation (increased frequency of 1.2 mm monsoon-type watering events) experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We quantified changes in shortwave albedo via multi-angle, solar-reflectance measurements. Warming and watering treatments each led to large increases in albedo (> 30%). This increase was driven by biophysical factors related to treatment effects on cyanobacteria cover and soil surface roughness following treatment-induced moss and lichen mortality. A rise in dryland surface albedo may represent a previously unidentified feedback to future climate.
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Kristianto, Ivan. "Nitrogen Analysis of Biocrude Oil Derived From Carbohydrates and Proteins." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27211.

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has been the cornerstone of research in biofuels production with the recent advances utilising algae biomass as biofuels precursor. HTL technology offers a more cost-effective pathway in transforming algae into biofuel than other technology (such as pyrolysis and torrefaction), as it obviates the drying step. However, one of the main challenges in implementing algae-derived biocrude oils as transport fuels is the higher nitrogen content (5 – 7 wt%) than fossil fuels (~0.3 – 0.5 wt%). Nitrogen content in the biocrude oils is associated with the nitrogenous compounds (such as pyrazines) formed through carbohydrates and proteins reactions. To date, the chemistry understanding of nitrogenous species formation under HTL conditions is not well-established. The objective of this thesis is to study and analyse nitrogenous distribution in reaction products emerging from HTL involving carbohydrates and proteins. Arising from the foregoing, the research develops alternative reaction pathways to pyrazine formation to achieve an elevated understanding of the chemistry of nitrogenous species in biofuels. Included is a quantitative estimate of kinetic parameters, such as rate constants and activation energy. One key outcome of this research is the development of an analytical methodology for the quantitative estimation of pyrazines in a product mixture of HTL of carbohydrates and proteins. Scientific findings presented in this chapter provide a deep understanding of the nitrogenous species, including reaction pathways, nitrogen distribution, and kinetic parameters of sugars – alanine and sugar – ammonium interactions under HTL conditions. The impacts of these findings on biofuel industries are outlined and several recommendations for future research in sustainable biofuel development and production are proposed.
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Obeid, Farah. "Nitrogen in HTL microalgae biocrude: Production, engine performance and emissions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135304/1/Farah_Obeid_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explored hydrothermal co-liquefaction of algae and bagasse with a focus on the reduction of nitrogen and sulphur contents in the biocrude. Surrogate fuels mimicking the nitrogen and sulphur contents of algae biocrude were developed and tested in an engine to understand their effect on engine performance and emissions. This work provided a better understanding of the combustion of N-containing fuels and an insight into the future use of algal biocrude in combustion engines.
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Guzman, Jonathan. "Process Design and Technical feasibility analysis of Catalytic fas tpyrolysis for biocrude production." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224532.

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The demand of renewable fuels is increasing. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis is a growing technology that could supply with high quality bio crude that can be used in the already existing infrastructure. The process of choice in this paper to implement this technology is insitu circulating fluidized bed using saw dust as feed. Two cases are designed and then modelled in ASPEN Plus. The first case uses steam as fluidizer and the second uses recycled pyrolysis gas as fluidizer. Both cases are found to be self-sustainable with biomass as the only energy source. According to the parameter study, this is only true for biomass feed up to 40% moisture content.
Efterfrågan om förnyelsebara bränslen ökar. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis är en växande teknologisom skulle kunna förse med bio-crude av hög kvalité för att användas med dagensinfrastruktur. Den process som valdes för att implementera denna teknologi är in-situcirculating fluidized bed med sågspån som inmatning. Två fall blev utformade och sedanmodellerade i ASPEN Plus. Det första fallet använder sig av ånga som flödare och andrafallet använder sig av återvunnen pyrolysgas. Båda fallen var självförsörjande med endastbiomassa som energikälla. Enligt parameterstudien stämmer detta endast för biomassa medmindre än 40% fuktinnehåll.
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Longhin, Francesco. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction: focus on palmitic acid as model compound." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24416/.

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This work tackles a feasibility analysis on the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of palmitic acid as model compound for the interested hydrothermal liquefaction's (HTL) biocrude. It represents an upgrading study in order to produce high quality bio-oil or even biofuels. The aim was to confirm the possibility to attack this very unreactive molecule electrochemically, performing the target reaction of hydrogenation in lab-scale systems. Furthermore, also a qualitative analysis on the product and on the possible reaction scheme has been done. Due to the lack of literature, further study must be done in order to confirm exactly the reaction pathways and the specific products, as well as to investigate the kinetics and the efficient parameters of the reaction. HTL is a promising process for the treatment of wet biomass without costly and energy expensive pre-treatments. The derived biocrude is an important source of energy. On the other hand, electrocatalytic processes for bio-based chemicals upgrading rely on a very high energy efficiency and a good versatility in term of space, cost and easy implementation, as well as low impacts due to the possible integration with delocalised renewables energy sources. The aim of this study was born with the necessity to integrate these two processes in order to have a feasible and cost-effective processes for the direct production of biofuels.
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Peterson, Benjamin L. "Development and Optimization of a Produced Water, Biofilm Based Microalgae Cultivation System for Biocrude Conversion with Hydrothermal Liquefaction." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7237.

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Extraction of oil and gas in Utah’s Uintah Basin results in large quantities of wastewater, or produced water, with nutrients and residual organic chemical that represent a significant resource for producing energy-related and value-added products. Produced water was obtained as a biomass producing nutrient source from industries operating in Utah’s Uintah Basin. Within the Uintah Basin (defined as Uintah and Duchesne Counties within Utah) approximately 93 million barrels of water were produced in 2013 while only 11% of the water was disposed of through evaporation, with the national average at 2%. The rest is reinjected into the subsurface. The goal of this project was to design a system that utilizes produced water as a nutrient source for growing microalgae biomass in a biofilm form using a Rotating Algal Biofilm Reactor (RABR). The biomass would then be harvested and converted into biocrude oil using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The objectives were to (1) cultivate biomass on produced water, (2) optimize the reactor to reduce energy costs to operate while increasing biomass productivity, and (3) increase feedstock quality for HTL. The RABR was constructed out of polystyrene disks, and experimentation was carried out to optimize rotational speed of the reactor. Two strains of algal biomass were identified as biofilm formers and grown using produced water as the nutrient source. The biomass was then utilized as a HTL feedstock that gave an average yield of 34.5% ash free dry weight.
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Books on the topic "Biocrust"

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Ltd, ICON Group. BIOCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Ltd, ICON Group. BIOCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Byproducts, Waste Biomass and Products to form Green Diesel and Biocrude Oils. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-518-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biocrust"

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Coe, Kirsten K., Jed P. Sparks, and Jayne Belnap. "Physiological Ecology of Dryland Biocrust Mosses." In Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 291–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_16.

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Rosentreter, Roger, David J. Eldridge, Martin Westberg, Laura Williams, and Martin Grube. "Structure, Composition, and Function of Biocrust Lichen Communities." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 121–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_7.

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Wu, Bingfang, William Kolby Smith, and Hongwei Zeng. "Dryland Dynamics and Driving Forces." In Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments, 23–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9375-8_2.

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AbstractDrylands are the largest biomes on Earth, yet also one of the most vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Dryland ecosystems in the world are characterized by unique and distinctive features and are known to be particularly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of dryland ecosystems and their direct and indirect drivers in socio-economic and natural terms will not only provide facts and knowledge about the dynamics and drivers of future trajectories, but also provide scientific guidance for the development of appropriate measures to improve the resilience of dryland ecosystems in response to human-driven climate change. We first provide an overview of the peculiar nature of dryland land cover, which features spare and patterned vegetation, soil biocrust, and man-made solar energy surface. We specifically highlight new opportunities for remote sensing observations and discuss their potential to provide new insights into dryland ecosystem functions and services. We next discuss the importance of and trends in water availability with emphasis on the different plant water utilization strategies found across global drylands, non-rainfall water absorption, water availability estimation, and hydrological impact of land cover changes. Together these factors determine the development and degradation of drylands across global gradients of water availability. We then outline the role of climate change, population increase, and human activities in driving dryland changes. We end with a forward-looking perspective on future dryland research.
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Zaady, Eli, David J. Eldridge, and Matthew A. Bowker. "Effects of Local-Scale Disturbance on Biocrusts." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 429–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_21.

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Reed, Sasha C., Fernando T. Maestre, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Cheryl R. Kuske, Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, Mel Oliver, Brian Darby, Leopoldo G. Sancho, Robert L. Sinsabaugh, and Jayne Belnap. "Biocrusts in the Context of Global Change." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 451–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_22.

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Chamizo, Sonia, Jayne Belnap, David J. Eldridge, Yolanda Cantón, and Oumarou Malam Issa. "The Role of Biocrusts in Arid Land Hydrology." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 321–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_17.

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Huffman, D. R., and B. A. Freel. "RTP™ Biocrude: A Combustion / Emissions Review." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 489–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_38.

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Elliott, D. C., and G. G. Neuenschwander. "Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 611–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_48.

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Khan, Nida, K. Sudhakar, and R. Mamat. "Biocrude Potential Assessment of Macroalgae for Sustainable Biofuel Production." In Technological Advancement in Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, 145–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1457-7_11.

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Agblevor, F. A., S. Besler-Guran, D. Montane, and A. E. Wiselogel. "Biomass Feedstock Variability and its Effect on Biocrude Oil Properties." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 741–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_59.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biocrust"

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Dontsova, Katerina, Ghiwa Makke, Malak Tfaily, Aditi Sengupta, Justin Garcia, Jon Chorover, Luis Cortes, Scott Saleska, and Elizabeth Arnold. "Effects of biocrust formation and moss colonization on biogeochemical properties of basaltic tephra." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.20292.

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khan, Shoyeb, Probir Das, Mohammed Abdul Quadir, Mahmoud Thaher, and Hareb Al Jabri. "Pretreatment of Cyanobacterial Chroococcidiopsis: Biomass prior to Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Enhanced Hydrocarbon Yield and Energy Recovery." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0024.

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Chroococcidiopsis sp. was grown in 200 L open raceway pond. Biomass density and average biomass productivity were 0.41 g/L and 16.1 g/m2/d. Chroococcidiopsis biomass was harvested by self-settling. Self settled biomass was further subjected to centrifugation to obtain a biomass paste with 25-30% solid content. Centrifuged biomass was dried at 80 °C overnight and used as a feedstock for pretreatment step. Biomass was pretreated in water at 105 °C for 15 minutes. A slurry containing 15 wt% pretreated and untreated biomass (control) in deionized water was prepared and subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction for biocrude oil production. Hydrothermal liquefaction for both pretreated and untreated biomass was conducted at temperatures ranging from (275, 300, 325, 350 °C) in a 500 mL high-pressure PARR reactor for 30-minute reaction holding time. Maximum biocrude yields for pretreated and untreated biomass was 42.4 % and 26.4 % based on ash free dry weight basis. Biocrude oil was characterized for hydrocarbons using GC-MS technique. Biocrude oil obtained from pretreated and untreated biomass contained 58.9% and 41.01% (C8-C19) hydrocarbons. Higher heating values for biomass and biocrude oil were 16.93 and 31.28 MJ/kg, with an energy recovery value of 41.1%.
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Umakanta Jena and Keshav C Das. "Production of Biocrude Oil from Microalgae via Thermochemical Liquefaction Process." In Bioenergy Engineering, 11-14 October 2009, Bellevue, Washington. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28878.

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Kaushik, P. Kunal, D. Justus Reymond, C. Subha, and V. Lawrance. "Review on Biocrude generated from plastic waste using Pyrolysis process." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS (e-ICMTA-2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0164630.

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Nesheim, Madalyn, Leila Kelly, Sara Engels, Sarah K. Bauer, and Ankit K. Singh. "Increasing Biocrude Yield of Food Waste HTL via Combined Feedstocks." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2024. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485477.097.

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Beal, Colin M., Robert E. Hebner, Michael E. Webber, Rodney S. Ruoff, and A. Frank Seibert. "The Energy Return on Investment for Algal Biocrude: Results for a Research Production Facility." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38244.

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This study is an experimental determination of the energy return on investment (EROI) for algal biocrude production at a research facility at the University of Texas at Austin (UT). During the period of this assessment, algae were grown at several cultivation scales and processed using centrifugation for harvesting, electromechanical cell lysing, and lipid separation in an enhanced coalescence membrane. The separated algal lipids represent a biocrude product that could be refined into fuel. To determine the EROI, a second order analysis was conducted, which includes direct and indirect energy flows, but does not consider capital energy expenses. At the time that the data in this study was collected, the research program was focused on improving biomass and lipid productivity. As a result, some higher efficiency processing steps were replaced by lower efficiency ones to permit other experiments. Although the production process evaluated here was energy negative, the majority of the energy consumption resulted from non-optimized growth conditions. Therefore, the experimental results do not represent an expected typical case EROI for algal fuels, but rather outline the important parameters to consider in such an analysis. The results are the first known experimental energy balance for an integrated algal biocrude production facility. A Reduced Case is presented that speculates the energy use for a similar system in commercial-scale production. In addition, an analytical model that is populated with data that have been reported in the literature is presented. For the experiments, the Reduced Case, and Literature Model, the estimated EROI was 1.3 × 10−3, 0.13, and 0.57, respectively (refining energy requirements are not included in the experimental or Reduced Case EROI value). These results were dominated by growth inputs (96.59%, 94.15%, and 76.32% of the total energy requirement, respectively). For the experiments and Literature Model, lipid separation was the most energy intensive processing step (2.47% and 10.06%, respectively), followed by harvesting, refining, and then electromechanical cell lysing.
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"Upgrading of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude from Algae Grown in Municipal Wastewater." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152191148.

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Shi, Ziyi, Tong Han, Rikard Svanberg, and Weihong Yang. "Ex-Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass in Fluidized Bed Reactor to Produce High-Quality Biocrude." In 46th International Technical Conference on Clean Energy. Louisa, Virginia, USA: Coal Technologies Associates, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066314-0118.

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Broumand, Mohsen, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Murray J. Thomson, Devinder Singh, Sean Yun, and Zekai Hong. "Spray Combustion and Emissions of a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biofuel for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103719.

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Abstract Biomass liquefaction oil (BLO), obtained from biomass resources through thermochemical processes like fast pyrolysis (FP) or hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), is widely regarded as one of the most economically feasible energy solutions in our future sustainable energy mix. However, the utilization of BLO as a drop-in fuel in the current in-line gas turbines has encountered several challenges due mainly to the difficulties in atomization and ignition, originating from the fuel’s chemical composition and physicochemical properties. The present study compares the combustion performance and gas- and solid-phase emissions of a HTL oil (also called biocrude), as well as its diesel blends, with those of a conventional FP oil (also called bio-oil). Considering diesel as a baseline fuel, the properties and combustion performance of the HTL oil compare favorably with those of the FP oil. An anchored spray flame using the 100% HTL oil is achieved in the experiments with much smaller degrees of fuel coking and nozzle clogging problems and a lower amount of particulate matter (PM) emissions. However, its CO and NO emissions are measured higher by more than two times. The insights drawn from the present study indicates the potentials of high quality HTL oils as sustainable fuels to replace fossil fuels in gas turbines and other energy conversion systems.
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"CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume V Energy and Biomass Engineering, Chapter 3 Biomass Engineering, Part 3.5 Biomass Feedstocks, Part 3.5.1 Biocrude Oil." In CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume V Energy & Biomass Engineering. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.36423.

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Reports on the topic "Biocrust"

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Schmalzer, D., L. Gaines, C. Herzenberg, and M. Snider. Biocrude suitability for petroleum refineries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5507370.

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Mante, Ofei. Building Blocks from Biocrude: High-Value Methoxyphenols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798823.

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Roessler, Paul, and Ron Chance. Production of Biocrude in an Advanced Photobioreactor-Based Biorefinery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615765.

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Tanzella, Francis, and Jin-Ping Lim. Hydrothermal liquefaction pathways for low-nitrogen biocrude from wet algae. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1336268.

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Zhu, Yunhua, Yiling Xu, Andrew Schmidt, Michael Thorson, Dylan Cronin, Daniel Santosa, Scott Edmundson, Shuyun Li, Lesley Snowden-Swan, and Peter Valdez. Microalgae Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Biocrude Upgrading: 2022 State of Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1962867.

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Robert Weber and Norman Whitton. Recovery Act Production of Algal BioCrude Oil from Cement Plant Carbon Dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010966.

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Diebold, J. P., J. W. Scahill, S. Czernik, S. D. Phillips, and C. J. Feik. Progress in the production of hot-gas filtered biocrude oil at NREL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/86965.

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Snowden-Swan, Lesley J., Justin M. Billing, Michael R. Thorson, Andrew J. Schmidt, Daniel M. Santosa, Susanne B. Jones, and Richard T. Hallen. Wet Waste Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Biocrude Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels: 2019 State of Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617028.

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Snowden-Swan, Lesley, Justin Billing, Michael Thorson, Andrew Schmidt, Yuan Jiang, Daniel Santosa, Timothy Seiple, et al. Wet Waste Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Biocrude Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels: 2020 State of Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1771363.

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Snowden-Swan, Lesley, Shuyun Li, Yuan Jiang, Michael Thorson, Andrew Schmidt, Timothy Seiple, Justin Billing, et al. Wet Waste Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Biocrude Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels: 2021 State of Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1863608.

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