Academic literature on the topic 'Biodegradable Bricks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biodegradable Bricks"
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Agrawal, Saransh. "Smart Agri Bricks: IOT-Enabled Future Farming (IOT-Enabled Future Farming With Biodegradable Solutions)." International Journal of Innovations in Science Engineering And Management 3, no. 4 (2024): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2024v3i467-71.
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The Smart Agri Bricks project presents an innovative solution to environmental and agricultural challenges by transforming waste materials into sustainable, smart-integrated bricks. The project focuses on reducing plastic pollution, managing biodegradable waste, and improving water efficiency in agriculture. Through the collection and separation of mixed waste, including plastics and biodegradable materials, the waste is repurposed into durable bricks. These bricks are embedded with IoT sensors to monitor soil moisture and water levels, enabling precision irrigation and promoting water conservation. The experimental phase includes waste processing, brick production, and field trials to assess the effectiveness of the solution in real-world agricultural settings. Initial results indicate significant improvements in plastic waste management, brick durability, and water efficiency. This approach highlights the potential for integrating sustainable practices into both waste management and agricultural systems, offering a scalable solution to pressing global issues.
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Verma, Anubhav, Abhay Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar Ray, and Deepak Yadav. "Manufacturing of Brick by Waste Plastic." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 6 (2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.06.a008.
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Nowadays due to development and urbanization, plastic becomes a part of our daily life. The only flaw is it is non-biodegradable and it takes thousands of years to breakdown or to decompose. This study elaborates the work done by the writer to use plastic as a construction material to replace the clay brick as well as to find a way to effectively utilize the waste plastic. Plastic waste has recyclable characteristics that may be used to recycle it and create a new product that has lesser environmental effect. One way to recycle plastic trash is to make plastic bricks by combining plastic with sand at a particular temperature and using them to replace regular clay bricks. Various authors conducted a comparison study with masonry bricks made of other materials using various testing methods such as scratch testing, water absorption test, porosity testing, soundness testing, scratch testing, efflorescence testing, and concluded that more research in this field could improve the durability, strength, and quality of these masonry plastic bricks. We observe that these plastic bricks are light weighted which absorbs very less amount of water or near to minimal water absorption which enhances its property and the strength is also much better than clay bricks, nearly double of a clay brick. These plastic bricks can hold two time the weight of concrete of same size if compressed thoroughly.
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Navghare, Shital, Gopal Rathod, and Mandar Juware. "The Properties of Bricks Made from Recycled HDPE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38402.
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Plastic waste, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature. Recycling HDPE into building materials, such as bricks, offers a sustainable solution to mitigate these impacts. This study investigates the properties of bricks made from recycled HDPE, focusing on their compressive strength, water absorption, and durability. The results indicate that HDPE bricks exhibit superior mechanical properties, including higher compressive strength and lower water absorption compared to traditional clay bricks. These bricks are lightweight, cost-effective, and demonstrate excellent durability, making them a viable alternative for sustainable construction. The research highlights the potential of recycled HDPE bricks in reducing plastic waste and promoting environmental sustainability. The intensifying generation of plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge worldwide. Plastic waste, due to its non-biodegradable nature, contributes to land and water pollution, requiring the exploration of sustainable waste management solutions. Recycling plastic waste into building materials, such as bricks, offers a potential solution to mitigate environmental impacts. This research aimed to investigate the integration of plastic waste into building materials through a comprehensive study using experimental testing, software analysis, and structural design. The ETAB analysis demonstrated that the HDPE model exhibited lower bending moments and axial loads compared to the concrete model, suggesting superior mechanical properties and load-carrying capacity. This research contributes to the understanding of the behaviour and performance of plastic bricks in structural applications, enabling the development of sustainable and efficient building designs that incorporate plastic waste materials. Key Words: Plastic Waste, Environmental Challenge, Non-Biodegradable, Sustainable Solutions, Experimental Study, Plastic Bricks, Alternative Building Materials, Methodology, Comparable Strength, Plastic Waste Crisis.
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UTOMO, Elgan Hirai, Yucca Marintan ROSEMARY, and Carmello Yovan GRATITO. "UTILIZATION OF USED TIRES AND LDPE (LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) PLASTIC WASTE AS BASIC MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE BRICK." European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 3 (2022): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2022.07.03.211.
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Tires and LDPE plastic wastes are wastes that are non-biodegradable and require further processing to decompose. If it is not processed, it will pollute the environment and disrupt the life of various organisms. Tires and LDPE plastic waste can, however, be used as a mixture for making concrete bricks that contribute best in building infrastructure development by applying the principle of recycling. The addition of a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste is useful for improving the physical properties and pavement content of concrete bricks and preventing the depletion of natural resources, achieving an Eco-Friendly program and making the cost of concrete bricks relatively cheaper. Concrete bricks are made with a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste with 6 samples of different compositions. The quality of concrete brick is seen from three aspects, namely density, porosity and water absorption. The best quality of concrete bricks was obtained in sample 6 with a composition of 750 grams of used tire powder, 750 grams of LDPE plastic waste, 500 grams of coarse aggregate, 200 grams of cement and 750 ml of oil to obtain a density of 1129.252/1280, 864 kg/m³, 0.5% porosity, 0.434 % water absorption. The results showed that the addition of a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste resulted in better quality concrete bricks achieved by increasing the density of concrete bricks and reducing the porosity and water absorption values produced
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Rosell, Fritz, Joseph Carrion Nieto, Robert Janampa Cuicapuza, et al. "Physical Properties of Sustainable Concrete Bricks with Glass and Polyethylene Terephthalate Scales Wastes as Replacements for Coarse Aggregate." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.186.
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In order to improve the sustainable construction in Peru, throughout the recycling of non-biodegradable materials, a study of the influence of glass and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes in the physic properties of concrete bricks was carried out. They were made with a 1:5:2 cement, fine aggregate, and waste relation. Three proportions were studied named P-01, P-02, and P-03. Each proportion had a different content of glass and PET wastes, as a result, it was found that the average brick’s absorption was increased with PET wastes and it was reduced with glass wastes. On the other hand, the compressive strength value increased with glass wastes and it was reduced with PET wastes. Finally, it was found that P-02 was the most efficient concrete brick proportion to develop a sustainable construction, obeying the requirements of the Peruvian national building regulations.
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Dixit, Pranav. "Eco Friendly Plastic Sand Bricks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61552.
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Abstract: Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry especially in the last decade owing to the increasing population which causes a chronic shortage of building materials, civil engineers were challenged to transform waste to useful constructing and production substances. Recycling of such waste as raw materials alternatives might also make a contribution inside the exhaustion of the herbal assets; the conservation of non renewable sources; development of the population health and protection preoccupation with environmental matters and discount in waste disposal expenses. Use of plastic has grown substantially in recent years all over the world. It is inexpensive and without problems available and can be moulded into any form. But, plastic is non-biodegradable; it causes pollutants and create problems in coping with even for a wealthy kingdom., because of this have a look at changed into to investigate the surroundings-pleasant capacity use of plastic and display usefulness of plastic sand bricks as opportunity structural elements, replacing well known clay brick physical and mechanical homes of plastic sand bricks have been studied in distinctive plastic sand ratios.
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Daskalakis, Evangelos, Fengyuan Liu, Anil A. Acar, et al. "3D-Printed Composite Bone Bricks For Large Bone Tissue Applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801009.
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This study investigates the use of low cost, customizable, biodegradable, polymer-ceramic composite porous structures (bone bricks) for large bone tissue regeneration. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and Bioglass (45S5) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Bone bricks with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Produced bone bricks were morphologically and mechanically assessed. Results allowed to establish a correlation between scaffolds architecture and material composition and scaffolds performance. Reinforced scaffolds showed improved mechanical properties. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks and topologies based on 38 double zig zag filaments and 14 spirals.
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da Silva, Tulane Rodrigues, Daiane Cecchin, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, et al. "Technological Characterization of PET—Polyethylene Terephthalate—Added Soil-Cement Bricks." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 5035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175035.
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The ever-growing consumption and improper disposal of non-biodegradable plastic wastes is bringing worrisome perspectives on the lack of suitable environmentally correct solutions. Consequently, an increasing interest in the circular economy and sustainable techniques is being raised regarding the management of these wastes. The present work proposes an eco-friendly solution for the huge amount of discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes by addition into soil-cement bricks. Room temperature molded 300 × 150 × 70 mm bricks were fabricated with mixtures of clay soil and ordinary Portland cement added with up to 30 wt.% of PET waste particles. Granulometric analysis of soil indicated it as sandy and adequate for brick fabrication. As for the PET particles, they can be considered non-plastic and sandy. The Atterberg consistency limits indicated that addition of 20 wt.% PET waste gives the highest plasticity limit of 17.3%; moreover, with PET waste addition there was an increase in the optimum moisture content for the compaction and decrease in specific weight. Standard tests showed an increase in compressive strength from 0.83 MPa for the plain soil-cement to 1.80 MPa for the 20 wt.% PET-added bricks. As for water absorption, all bricks displayed values between 15% and 16% that attended the standards and might be considered an alternative for non-structural applications, such as wall closures in building construction.
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Bhasme, Sanket. "Utilization of non-biodegradable waste for Manufacturing of Brick along with M-sand." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31870.
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The exponential rise in the production of plastic and the consequential surge in plastic waste have led the scientists and researchers look out for innovative and sustainable means to reuse/recycle the plastic waste in order to reduce its negative impact on environment. Construction material, converting waste plastic into fuel, household goods, fabric and clothing are some of the sectors where waste plastic is emerging as a viable option. Out of these, construction material modified with plastic waste has garnered lot of attention. Modification of construction material with plastic waste serves a dual purpose. It reduces the amount of plastic waste going to landfills or litter and secondly lessens the use of mined construction materials, thereby mitigating the negative impact of construction industry on environment. The plastic waste is naturally available in surplus quantity and hence the cost factor comes down. Also coloring agents can be added to the mixture to attain desired shades. Hence in this thesis, an attempt is made to study regard the properties of the brick which is manufactured using plastic wastes. The present work deals with the manufacturing and analysis of bricks made with waste plastic (LDPE) and fine aggregates. The bricks produced are light weight, have smooth surface and fine edges, do not have cracks and have high crushing strength and very low water absorption. Key Words: reuse, mitigating, environment, manufacture, analysis, attempt.
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Anuj, Meena, Sahu Yashwant, Kushwaha Ritik, Kushwaha Ravindra, Burman Kanhaiya, and Kumar Patel Sonu. "An Analysis of Plastic Wastes Bricks." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 7, no. 2 (2024): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12792407.
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<em>The amount of plastic waste growing daily is unsightly and pollutes the environment, especially in high mountain towns without a waste collection system. The tourist hiking zones receive a lot of plastic waste, which is either burned or abandoned, contaminating the surrounding air and ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to properly utilize these waste plastics. One of the best ways to prevent the accumulation of plastic waste, which is a biodegradable pollutant, is to clean low-density polyethylene bags and add sand to them in specific percentages to create high-strength bricks with thermal and sound insulation qualities. This reduces pollution and overall construction costs. On the other hand, this reduces the amount of sand or clay that needs to be removed from the priceless riverbeds and mines. Since plastic waste is abundantly available in nature, the cost component decreases. To achieve the correct tones, coloring agents can also be added to the mixture. Therefore, an effort is made to investigate the characteristics of brick formed from plastic trash in this thesis. The current study focuses on the production and examination of bricks composed of fine aggregates and waste plastic (LDPE). The generated bricks have a low water absorption rate, a high crushing strength, a smooth surface, fine edges, and no cracks. They are also lightweight. To make bricks, waste plastic is heated to temperatures between 120 and 150 degrees Celsius, then mixtures and molten plastic are added.</em>
Book chapters on the topic "Biodegradable Bricks"
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L. Shangwa, Ngonidzashe, Wilson R. Nyemba, Simon Chinguwa, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Conceptualization and Design of a Small Pyrolysis Plant for the Sustainable Production of Flexible Bricks and Bituminous Concrete from Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste." In Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100053.
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Polyethylene terephthalate is majorly used for packaging of various products because of its resistance to chemical attack and environmental degradation, but the proper disposal of this non-biodegradable material has been a major challenge. Pyrolysis is the melting of plastic in the absence of oxygen. Currently pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate is considered as a viable recycling method since it only requires 5% of the calorific value of polyethylene terephthalate. This research was aimed at designing a pyrolysis plant for the production of construction materials with acceptable mechanical properties such as compressive strength and water absorption. Sustainable, eco-friendly road construction from bituminous concrete with waste polyethylene terephthalate has the capability of reducing carbon emissions. The polyethylene terephthalate bituminous composite has the flexibility of plastic but strength of concrete. The bricks have a maximum compressive strength of 10 N/mm2 which is within the standard range and have less water absorbing tendencies hence have a longer lifespan. Value addition is equally important in the pyrolysis plant so as to contribute to sustainable development. This book chapter reviews the different products such as polyethylene terephthalate composite bricks and flexible pavements which can effectively use polyethylene terephthalate waste as a raw material.
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Kumari, Astha, Nityanand Singh Maurya, Abhishek Kumar, Rajanee Kant Yadav, and Amit Kumar. "Options for the Disposal and Reuse of Wastewater Sludge, Associated Benefit, and Environmental Risk." In Sustainable Development. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109410.
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To protect human and environmental health, wastewater treatment is one of the important activities in urban and industrial areas. Urbanized increasing population with industrialization demands more amount of wastewater treatment. Despite wastewater treatment’s positive impact on human and environmental health, it also produces sludge as a by-product of the process. Characteristics of the sludge mainly depend on the source of wastewater and the process applied for its treatment. Domestic sludge generally contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria carrying biodegradable compounds. Characteristics of industrial sludge vary greatly. It may contain biodegradable, non-biodegradable, toxic compounds, heavy metals, etc. The sludge may be in the form of liquid or semisolid with 0.25–12% solids. Thus, the handling and disposal/reuse of sludge may become a complex task due to its large volume and infectious and/or toxic nature. This chapter analyses the characterization and quantity estimate of the sludge produced during the application of various municipal and industrial wastewater treatment options. Current practices for the disposal and reuse options such as anaerobic digestion for biogas production, composting to utilize as a fertilizer, brick production, filler material, and bioplastic production will be reviewed and the suitability of each option in terms of benefit and risk will be critically analyzed.
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Baruah, P. "Montmorillonite-Cellulose based Nano-Composites and Applications." In Advanced Applications of Micro and Nano Clay. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901915-13.
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Exploration of different types of polymer-clay nanocomposites have already crossed several decades. In recent times, more emphasis is given in the research of different bio-based polymer nanocomposites as they exhibit eco-friendly biodegradable behavior and biocompatible features. Cellulose is the most copiously available bio-macromolecule with interesting functional, chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Incorporation of montmorillonite clay as nanofillers into cellulose matrix results in significant modification and reinforcement in various properties of the polymer enlarging its applicability. This chapter brings forth a concise account on the development of different montmorillonite-cellulose based nano-composites as prospective materials for multiple biomedical and engineering applications.
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Kumar, D. Maruthi, Shreenidhi K. S., Harishchander Anandaram, Gopal Krishna, and Hari B. S. "Sustainable Development in Wearable Internet of Medical Things." In Advances in Social Networking and Online Communities. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2337-3.ch004.
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The integration of wearable IoMT in healthcare systems throws wide-open the potential for patient care, real-time monitoring, and personalized medicine, but sustainability brings its own set of challenges and opportunities. This chapter discusses the environmental impact, efficiency in energy consumption, and lifecycle management for sustainable development in wearable IoMT. Some of the major challenges are electronic waste, energy consumption, data security, and privacy. Sustainability in wearable IoMT offers opportunities in the adoption of renewable energy, the development of low-power devices, and robust data protection mechanisms. Reduction in the ecological footprint of wearable IoMT devices can be served by considering the importance of sustainable practice in manufacturing, recycling, and biodegradable materials. It seems that innovative solutions can improve sustainability while maintaining quality care for patients.
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Kaur, Hardeep, and Shinar Athwal. "Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Pesticide Detection." In Advances in MEMS and Microfluidic Systems. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6952-1.ch007.
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The µ-PADs have been acknowledged as an efficient analytical platform to monitor and detect various contaminants present in the environment. Paper-based devices have always been a choice raw material for several technologies as they aid in developing biodegradable, cost-effective, and readily available units with easily driven and changeable flow rates, and the ability to store reagents. In comparison to conventional analytical systems such as capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas and liquid mass spectroscopy, the use of µ-PADs brings more significant results in pesticide detection. This chapter discussed the strategies that are commonly used to detect pesticides which are double-catalytic amplification, UV-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, ratiometric fluorescence imaging (based on wavelength intensities to detect variation in the native environment), electrochemical sensing, electrospray ionization, and competitive-inhibiting reaction.
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Paatlan, Sandeep, and Jayati Ranga. "Comparative Case Study on Solid Waste Management in Rural Tourism." In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9621-6.ch005.
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The present study is conducted through a case study method on waste management in three rural tourism destinations: Giethoorn from the Netherlands, Penglipuran from Indonesia and Mawlynnong in India. Rural tourism is gaining increasing popularity. While it brings new industries, job opportunities, and social and cultural benefits to the local community, it also challenges its environmental sustainability, particularly in the management of waste. In Giethoorn, they have intensive waste sorting, public recycling facilities, and an active local community. In Penglipuran, it's a mix of traditional approaches and a zero-waste philosophy that avoids plastic and emphasizes using natural biodegradable materials. The cleanest village of Asia -Mawlynnong, involves a very personalized approach to waste management with a heavy emphasis on a natural assortment of materials for waste collection and a strong focus on composting.The study would highlight how sharing these insights can help develop best practices for sustainable waste management in rural tourism around the world.
Conference papers on the topic "Biodegradable Bricks"
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Jones, C. R., M. J. Hails, and B. L. Downward. "New Convenient Analytical Method for Biodegradable Squeeze Scale Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07062.
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Abstract Traditionally, phosphonate based scale inhibitors have dominated the global squeeze treatment market and for very good reasons: they combine high performance with ease of measurement. However, increasingly stringent environmental legislation has resulted in the development of new, enhanced polymeric scale inhibitors that contain low levels of phosphorus, such as phosphonate end-capped polymers. These polymers are highly effective with particularly low MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) values, but this creates analytical problems as they can’t currently be easily measured at these low levels. Therefore, to realise the full performance and environmental benefits of such polymers it is necessary to be able to readily and easily measure them at low concentrations in a variety of brine chemistries. A novel separation and pre-concentration procedure has been developed that can be combined with industry standard analytical methods (e.g. Hyamine) to detect such scale inhibitors. It is simple to use, flexible, requires no specialist knowledge or equipment and can measure sub-ppm levels of inhibitor reliably and accurately in even the most concentrated brines.
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Sood, T., and A. Gurmu. "Reusing and repurposing of glass waste: A literature review." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.56.
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An increase in demolition activities has led to the generation of large amounts of glass waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, glass can stay in landfills for longer periods without decomposition; thus, it occupies a large volume of landfills. This study aimed to analyze the potential reuses and repurposing of glass waste in the construction industry. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and secondary data were extracted. The data were analyzed qualitatively to achieve the objective of the study. The generation of glass waste in four different parts of the world, namely: Hong Kong, Australia, Europe and the USA has been studied to get an estimate for the increase in glass waste trends. The generation of glass waste saw a downfall from 2006 to 2010, was then steady from 2011 to 2016 and then slightly rose. A high volume of glass waste in landfills and its non-biodegradable nature has made it essential for the discovery of new methods of reuse and recycling of glass waste. Some of the potential reuse and repurposing options include Aggregate for Concrete, Filtration Media, Glass Fibres, Blast Abrasive, Roof Coating, Ceramic Based Products, Burnt Bricks, Low-Temperature Stoneware Tiles, Insulation, and Decorative Materials. The paper provides useful information to various stakeholders in the construction industry to understand how and where glass waste can be reused.
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Balint, T. "Optimization of parameters during filament extrusion." In Experimental Mechanics. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902578-1.
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Abstract. This scientific study brings new insights into the field of optimization of parameters in the extrusion of filaments from biodegradable materials. Extrusion is a production process in which metal or plastic materials are pushed through a rigid cross-sectional profile or matrix to form a continuous strip of shaped product (filament). The extrusion process begins by bringing the material in the form of granules, pellets or powders from the hopper to the extruder zone. One of the chapters contains a detailed description of the extrusion of filaments and optimization of parameters. Optimization of parameters consists of real designs and devices designed by the authors of this publication themselves. This study has a significant contribution in the field of material extrusion.
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Chiavola, Ornella, Fulvio Palmieri, and Luigi Tundo. "Influence of Eco-Friendly Fluids on Poppet Valve Discharge Coefficients." In ASME/BATH 2023 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2023-111689.
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Abstract Eco-friendly fluids in the hydraulic sector are becoming more and more relevant, under the current and future stringent environmental regulations by US EPA and European Committee. Biodegradable fluids have very interesting characteristics, and the literature starts reporting some contributions focused on components performance. The current article represents a contribution that brings the focus on the hydraulic poppet valves. The article is based on a particular experimental technique that allows full optical insight on cavitation inception and development with simultaneous analysis of the steady flow rate, improving the classical technique of Oshima et Al. Two market available eco-friendly fluids and a standard one are tested on a reference poppet valve layout. The experimental investigations are carried out by exploring the valve operation range in terms of pressure drop and poppet opening. The optical investigations are based on high-speed imaging, which allows to observe the behaviour of cavitating regions. The steady discharge flow coefficients are provided, and cavitation inception/development is characterized. The results related to the eco-friendly and to the standard fluids are compared, supporting the analysis of the influence of the new fluids on the discharge flow. The results on cavitation inception and development provide useful data for valve design and for validating three-dimensional models of cavitating flows.
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Jarrahian, Khosro, Eric Mackay, Mike Singleton, Shabnam Mohammadi, Stephen Heath, and Frederick Pessu. "Scale Control in Geothermal Wells – What are the Options for Effective and Economic Scale Management?" In SPE Oilfield Scale Symposium. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218737-ms.
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Abstract The drive towards net zero by 2050 has instigated the development of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels which has resulted in a big focus on geothermal energy projects. Geothermal brines typically contain dissolved minerals and gases that can cause scale deposition in wells and topside plant equipment. The presence of scale within a geothermal system can cause various issues leading to decreased efficiency of thermal energy production due to inefficiency of heat exchangers and turbines and the potential for reduced flow capacity in injection wells. In geothermal systems, the conditions and brine chemistry of each geothermal plant can vary greatly, and the selection of a suitable scale management process will be crucial for the sustainable production of geothermal energy. As with all scaling issues in the energy industry, prevention via chemical inhibition and/or chemical removal is the preferable method of dealing with scale compared to costly mechanical removal although non-chemical methods now offer an attractive alternative especially for reducing CO2 footprint. Chemical treatment can be by continuous topside chemical injection, scale squeeze or batch treatment in the injection and/or production wells. The high temperatures of geothermal wells coupled with high water throughput can create quite a challenge for chemical scale control and removal. Any selected scale inhibitor/dissolver will need to be thermally stable to up to 250°C, preferably biodegradable (although this is not essential) and display good efficiency against calcium carbonate and silica/silicate scales. Geothermal brines contain dissolved CO2 and H2S and this can make fluids corrosive so the interaction between scale and corrosion inhibitors will also need to be considered as part of any scale or corrosion management strategy. This may also require modified laboratory test methods, especially for geothermal plants with water re-injection. This paper will review geothermal scale and its mechanisms of formation and will highlight the options available for scale management including both chemical and non-chemical treatments. In addition, the impact of well completion, high water production, corrosion, CO2 footprint and the challenges for chemical treatments in terms of thermal stability and laboratory testing will be discussed.
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Siddiqui, Farhan, and Arezoo Emrani. "A Novel Polysaccharide Friction Reducer That can be Used with Water of All Salinity Levels." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210207-ms.
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Abstract This work was carried out to compare a new system with synthetic polyacrylamide friction reducers used in the oil and gas industry. The most common friction reducers used for fracturing are anionic, and hence have limited use in high TDS brines especially in brines containing di and trivalent metal ions. When the new system is properly optimized, we were able to achieve a very efficient and low-cost carrier fluid that can give maximum friction reduction and effectively suspend proppant during a fracturing treatment. The new technology for unconventional fracturing is a versatile and multifunctional product that can be pumped with the traditional frac equipment used in the industry for pumping powdered dry guar gum on the fly. The main objective of this work is to develop a new friction reducer formulation to aim to reduce cost and improve retained conductivity. This product is shown to be Gulf of Mexico green and biodegradable. Conventional breakers can be used to break these fluids and give excellent retained permeability on cores. The new system gives good friction reduction even at a very small dosage of 1ppt to 4ppt or 0.25-1.0 gpt, and it can be used similarly to guar gum as a linear gel or can be crosslinked with boron to yield better viscosity and proppant transport. The presence of iron in water can seriously affect the rheology and friction of traditional friction reducers, high viscosity friction reducers, and even guar systems. Laboratory studies have shown that this new product is very effective even in water containing very high concentrations of Ferric iron. Case histories from wells treated with this system containing high divalent and trivalent metal ions confirm the laboratory findings. In countries where equipment to pump on the fly is not available, the new system can be used as a slurry also. This paper will present laboratory test results of using a new polysaccharide friction reducer with similar friction reduction to a Polyacrylamide Friction reducer and the proppant suspension of a crosslinked guar system. This system can be used with fresh or saline waters containing high concentrations of divalent and trivalent metal ions. This gives the operator the flexibility of using any water, and the water analysis step before a frac job can be eliminated.