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1
Agrawal, Saransh. "Smart Agri Bricks: IOT-Enabled Future Farming (IOT-Enabled Future Farming With Biodegradable Solutions)." International Journal of Innovations in Science Engineering And Management 3, no. 4 (2024): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2024v3i467-71.
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The Smart Agri Bricks project presents an innovative solution to environmental and agricultural challenges by transforming waste materials into sustainable, smart-integrated bricks. The project focuses on reducing plastic pollution, managing biodegradable waste, and improving water efficiency in agriculture. Through the collection and separation of mixed waste, including plastics and biodegradable materials, the waste is repurposed into durable bricks. These bricks are embedded with IoT sensors to monitor soil moisture and water levels, enabling precision irrigation and promoting water conservation. The experimental phase includes waste processing, brick production, and field trials to assess the effectiveness of the solution in real-world agricultural settings. Initial results indicate significant improvements in plastic waste management, brick durability, and water efficiency. This approach highlights the potential for integrating sustainable practices into both waste management and agricultural systems, offering a scalable solution to pressing global issues.
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Verma, Anubhav, Abhay Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar Ray, and Deepak Yadav. "Manufacturing of Brick by Waste Plastic." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 6 (2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.06.a008.
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Nowadays due to development and urbanization, plastic becomes a part of our daily life. The only flaw is it is non-biodegradable and it takes thousands of years to breakdown or to decompose. This study elaborates the work done by the writer to use plastic as a construction material to replace the clay brick as well as to find a way to effectively utilize the waste plastic. Plastic waste has recyclable characteristics that may be used to recycle it and create a new product that has lesser environmental effect. One way to recycle plastic trash is to make plastic bricks by combining plastic with sand at a particular temperature and using them to replace regular clay bricks. Various authors conducted a comparison study with masonry bricks made of other materials using various testing methods such as scratch testing, water absorption test, porosity testing, soundness testing, scratch testing, efflorescence testing, and concluded that more research in this field could improve the durability, strength, and quality of these masonry plastic bricks. We observe that these plastic bricks are light weighted which absorbs very less amount of water or near to minimal water absorption which enhances its property and the strength is also much better than clay bricks, nearly double of a clay brick. These plastic bricks can hold two time the weight of concrete of same size if compressed thoroughly.
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Navghare, Shital, Gopal Rathod, and Mandar Juware. "The Properties of Bricks Made from Recycled HDPE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38402.
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Plastic waste, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature. Recycling HDPE into building materials, such as bricks, offers a sustainable solution to mitigate these impacts. This study investigates the properties of bricks made from recycled HDPE, focusing on their compressive strength, water absorption, and durability. The results indicate that HDPE bricks exhibit superior mechanical properties, including higher compressive strength and lower water absorption compared to traditional clay bricks. These bricks are lightweight, cost-effective, and demonstrate excellent durability, making them a viable alternative for sustainable construction. The research highlights the potential of recycled HDPE bricks in reducing plastic waste and promoting environmental sustainability. The intensifying generation of plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge worldwide. Plastic waste, due to its non-biodegradable nature, contributes to land and water pollution, requiring the exploration of sustainable waste management solutions. Recycling plastic waste into building materials, such as bricks, offers a potential solution to mitigate environmental impacts. This research aimed to investigate the integration of plastic waste into building materials through a comprehensive study using experimental testing, software analysis, and structural design. The ETAB analysis demonstrated that the HDPE model exhibited lower bending moments and axial loads compared to the concrete model, suggesting superior mechanical properties and load-carrying capacity. This research contributes to the understanding of the behaviour and performance of plastic bricks in structural applications, enabling the development of sustainable and efficient building designs that incorporate plastic waste materials. Key Words: Plastic Waste, Environmental Challenge, Non-Biodegradable, Sustainable Solutions, Experimental Study, Plastic Bricks, Alternative Building Materials, Methodology, Comparable Strength, Plastic Waste Crisis.
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UTOMO, Elgan Hirai, Yucca Marintan ROSEMARY, and Carmello Yovan GRATITO. "UTILIZATION OF USED TIRES AND LDPE (LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) PLASTIC WASTE AS BASIC MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE BRICK." European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 3 (2022): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2022.07.03.211.
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Tires and LDPE plastic wastes are wastes that are non-biodegradable and require further processing to decompose. If it is not processed, it will pollute the environment and disrupt the life of various organisms. Tires and LDPE plastic waste can, however, be used as a mixture for making concrete bricks that contribute best in building infrastructure development by applying the principle of recycling. The addition of a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste is useful for improving the physical properties and pavement content of concrete bricks and preventing the depletion of natural resources, achieving an Eco-Friendly program and making the cost of concrete bricks relatively cheaper. Concrete bricks are made with a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste with 6 samples of different compositions. The quality of concrete brick is seen from three aspects, namely density, porosity and water absorption. The best quality of concrete bricks was obtained in sample 6 with a composition of 750 grams of used tire powder, 750 grams of LDPE plastic waste, 500 grams of coarse aggregate, 200 grams of cement and 750 ml of oil to obtain a density of 1129.252/1280, 864 kg/m³, 0.5% porosity, 0.434 % water absorption. The results showed that the addition of a mixture of used tire waste and LDPE plastic waste resulted in better quality concrete bricks achieved by increasing the density of concrete bricks and reducing the porosity and water absorption values produced
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Rosell, Fritz, Joseph Carrion Nieto, Robert Janampa Cuicapuza, et al. "Physical Properties of Sustainable Concrete Bricks with Glass and Polyethylene Terephthalate Scales Wastes as Replacements for Coarse Aggregate." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.186.
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In order to improve the sustainable construction in Peru, throughout the recycling of non-biodegradable materials, a study of the influence of glass and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes in the physic properties of concrete bricks was carried out. They were made with a 1:5:2 cement, fine aggregate, and waste relation. Three proportions were studied named P-01, P-02, and P-03. Each proportion had a different content of glass and PET wastes, as a result, it was found that the average brick’s absorption was increased with PET wastes and it was reduced with glass wastes. On the other hand, the compressive strength value increased with glass wastes and it was reduced with PET wastes. Finally, it was found that P-02 was the most efficient concrete brick proportion to develop a sustainable construction, obeying the requirements of the Peruvian national building regulations.
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Dixit, Pranav. "Eco Friendly Plastic Sand Bricks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61552.
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Abstract: Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry especially in the last decade owing to the increasing population which causes a chronic shortage of building materials, civil engineers were challenged to transform waste to useful constructing and production substances. Recycling of such waste as raw materials alternatives might also make a contribution inside the exhaustion of the herbal assets; the conservation of non renewable sources; development of the population health and protection preoccupation with environmental matters and discount in waste disposal expenses. Use of plastic has grown substantially in recent years all over the world. It is inexpensive and without problems available and can be moulded into any form. But, plastic is non-biodegradable; it causes pollutants and create problems in coping with even for a wealthy kingdom., because of this have a look at changed into to investigate the surroundings-pleasant capacity use of plastic and display usefulness of plastic sand bricks as opportunity structural elements, replacing well known clay brick physical and mechanical homes of plastic sand bricks have been studied in distinctive plastic sand ratios.
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Daskalakis, Evangelos, Fengyuan Liu, Anil A. Acar, et al. "3D-Printed Composite Bone Bricks For Large Bone Tissue Applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801009.
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This study investigates the use of low cost, customizable, biodegradable, polymer-ceramic composite porous structures (bone bricks) for large bone tissue regeneration. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and Bioglass (45S5) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Bone bricks with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Produced bone bricks were morphologically and mechanically assessed. Results allowed to establish a correlation between scaffolds architecture and material composition and scaffolds performance. Reinforced scaffolds showed improved mechanical properties. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks and topologies based on 38 double zig zag filaments and 14 spirals.
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da Silva, Tulane Rodrigues, Daiane Cecchin, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, et al. "Technological Characterization of PET—Polyethylene Terephthalate—Added Soil-Cement Bricks." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 5035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175035.
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The ever-growing consumption and improper disposal of non-biodegradable plastic wastes is bringing worrisome perspectives on the lack of suitable environmentally correct solutions. Consequently, an increasing interest in the circular economy and sustainable techniques is being raised regarding the management of these wastes. The present work proposes an eco-friendly solution for the huge amount of discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes by addition into soil-cement bricks. Room temperature molded 300 × 150 × 70 mm bricks were fabricated with mixtures of clay soil and ordinary Portland cement added with up to 30 wt.% of PET waste particles. Granulometric analysis of soil indicated it as sandy and adequate for brick fabrication. As for the PET particles, they can be considered non-plastic and sandy. The Atterberg consistency limits indicated that addition of 20 wt.% PET waste gives the highest plasticity limit of 17.3%; moreover, with PET waste addition there was an increase in the optimum moisture content for the compaction and decrease in specific weight. Standard tests showed an increase in compressive strength from 0.83 MPa for the plain soil-cement to 1.80 MPa for the 20 wt.% PET-added bricks. As for water absorption, all bricks displayed values between 15% and 16% that attended the standards and might be considered an alternative for non-structural applications, such as wall closures in building construction.
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Bhasme, Sanket. "Utilization of non-biodegradable waste for Manufacturing of Brick along with M-sand." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31870.
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The exponential rise in the production of plastic and the consequential surge in plastic waste have led the scientists and researchers look out for innovative and sustainable means to reuse/recycle the plastic waste in order to reduce its negative impact on environment. Construction material, converting waste plastic into fuel, household goods, fabric and clothing are some of the sectors where waste plastic is emerging as a viable option. Out of these, construction material modified with plastic waste has garnered lot of attention. Modification of construction material with plastic waste serves a dual purpose. It reduces the amount of plastic waste going to landfills or litter and secondly lessens the use of mined construction materials, thereby mitigating the negative impact of construction industry on environment. The plastic waste is naturally available in surplus quantity and hence the cost factor comes down. Also coloring agents can be added to the mixture to attain desired shades. Hence in this thesis, an attempt is made to study regard the properties of the brick which is manufactured using plastic wastes. The present work deals with the manufacturing and analysis of bricks made with waste plastic (LDPE) and fine aggregates. The bricks produced are light weight, have smooth surface and fine edges, do not have cracks and have high crushing strength and very low water absorption. Key Words: reuse, mitigating, environment, manufacture, analysis, attempt.
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Anuj, Meena, Sahu Yashwant, Kushwaha Ritik, Kushwaha Ravindra, Burman Kanhaiya, and Kumar Patel Sonu. "An Analysis of Plastic Wastes Bricks." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 7, no. 2 (2024): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12792407.
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<em>The amount of plastic waste growing daily is unsightly and pollutes the environment, especially in high mountain towns without a waste collection system. The tourist hiking zones receive a lot of plastic waste, which is either burned or abandoned, contaminating the surrounding air and ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to properly utilize these waste plastics. One of the best ways to prevent the accumulation of plastic waste, which is a biodegradable pollutant, is to clean low-density polyethylene bags and add sand to them in specific percentages to create high-strength bricks with thermal and sound insulation qualities. This reduces pollution and overall construction costs. On the other hand, this reduces the amount of sand or clay that needs to be removed from the priceless riverbeds and mines. Since plastic waste is abundantly available in nature, the cost component decreases. To achieve the correct tones, coloring agents can also be added to the mixture. Therefore, an effort is made to investigate the characteristics of brick formed from plastic trash in this thesis. The current study focuses on the production and examination of bricks composed of fine aggregates and waste plastic (LDPE). The generated bricks have a low water absorption rate, a high crushing strength, a smooth surface, fine edges, and no cracks. They are also lightweight. To make bricks, waste plastic is heated to temperatures between 120 and 150 degrees Celsius, then mixtures and molten plastic are added.</em>
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Vishwanath, M. Kumbhar, B. Nirmal Sandip, S. Gangurde Vidya, D. Maske Aarti, and S. Maske Diya. "An Analysis of Using Plastic Wastes to Make Bricks." Journal of Engineering Analysis and Design 6, no. 2 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10983476.
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<em>Plastic waste is growing daily and pollutes the environment, making it unsightly. This is especially true in high mountain towns without a garbage collection infrastructure. The ecology and air are contaminated by the massive amounts of plastic that are transported into the tourist trekking areas and either discarded or burned. It is therefore necessary to make good use of these leftover polymers. One of the best ways to prevent the accumulation of plastic waste, which is a biodegradable pollutant, is to clean low-density polyethylene bags and add sand to them in specific percentages to create high-strength bricks with thermal and sound insulation qualities. This reduces overall construction costs and pollution. By doing this, the amount of sand or clay that needs to be removed from the priceless riverbeds and mines is instead saved. Since there is a natural abundance of plastic garbage, the cost component decreases. For the combination to have the correct tones, colouring agents can also be added. Thus, an attempt is undertaken in this thesis to investigate the characteristics of brick formed from plastic trash. The production and examination of bricks manufactured from waste plastic (LDPE) and fine aggregates are the subjects of the current study. The resulting bricks are extremely low in water absorption, have a high crushing strength, a smooth surface, fine edges, and no cracks. They are also light in weight. The process of making bricks involves melting scrap plastic to a temperature between 120 and 150 degrees Celsius and then combining it with sand.</em>
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Rafikullah Deraman, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Mohd Norazam Yasin, Mohd Hanif Ismail, and Rami Salah Mohd Osman Mohd Ahmed. "Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Utilisation for Production of Low Thermal Conductivity Cement Sand Bricks." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88, no. 3 (2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.3.117136.
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There is a tremendous increase in plastic waste that negatively impacts the environment due to various industrial activities. Furthermore, plastic waste has non-biodegradable properties that make it hard to reduce its accumulation around the globe. Hence, this study aims to investigate the possibility of incorporating Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as a partial replacement material of sand to improve the thermal insulation properties of cement sand brick by looking at findings of low thermal conductivity value. The study uses a PET plastic bottle that has been cut into small flakes and grind using a granulator machine to produce PET waste granules whose size is not more than 5 mm, similar to the sand size. This waste was added to other raw materials, i.e., cement and sand. The percentages of PET waste vary from 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% by weight. This study produced two types of samples, i.e., control brick and PET waste cement sand brick. All samples undergo laboratory works involving geotechnical gradation, physical, mechanical, and thermal conductivity testing. Based on the results obtained, the optimum proportion of PET waste replacement in cement sand bricks making is 5% by its having the lowest thermal conductivity value of 0.581 W/mK and meeting the standard requirements of 3.90 MPa > 3.45 MPa (ASTM C129-11 for compressive strength), and 2,146 kg/m3 > 2,000 kg/m3 (ASTM C129-11 for normal weight non-loadbearing brick). Thus, PET plastic bottle waste can be a potential partial sand replacement material in cement sand bricks. Its potential to enhance the thermal conductivity of existing cement sand brick reduces sand consumption, solves plastic waste problems, and promotes a better environmentally-friendly construction industry.
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Aynharan, S., M. U. Faris, M. H. F. Afrose Banu, D. S. Joachim, and P. R. Fernando. "Utilization of Waste Plastic in the Way of Synthetic Bricks." Asian Review of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2023.12.1.3493.
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Nowadays plastic waste is a hazardous problem for mortality. Plastic waste is non-biodegradable waste that cannot decompose and creates environmental pollution. There is a big question about circular economy and recycling after the usage of plastic and their sustainable management. Most of the research presented that plastic waste is double every decade. Usually, bricks are made of clay, and due to excessive use of the clay, it shows results in resource depletion and environmental degradation. The present study explores a critical review of valuable and eco-friendly ways to minimize the environmental impact of waste plastic. Therefore, plastic wastes are used to prepare the bricks. It is the most economical solution in the construction industry. For this work, masonry brick blocks with different batching proportion of traditional raw materials with plastic were casted. Sample A was prepared with different ratio of sand and plastic pulp while sample B was organized with different ratio of powdered sample A1) and cement. Then they were allowed to dehydrating to confirm free from moisture. This research was compared density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength of the sample A, sample B, and locally available conventional brick. According to the analysis the sample A1 was exhibited the peak value of compressive strength and flexural strength of 280 kg-cm-2and 70 kg-cm-2 respectively which is three times higher than the commercially available product in Sri Lanka. In addition to this, water absorption was revealed 1.23% which is six times lower than the sample brick and it was displayed an acceptable value of density (1872.45 kg-3). So, sample A1 (1:1, plastic: sand) is highly recommended for construction purposes.
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Aterezi, Maro Clement, Bamidele Ibukunolu Olugbemi Dahunsi, and Michael Attah Onugba. "Investigation of the Compressive Strength of Sand-Filled Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles as a Material for Wall Construction." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 2 (2024): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21084.
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The disposal of plastic wastes in the environment has negatively impacted the environment as plastics are non-biodegradable and contain chemicals that are harmful to humans, animals, plants, and the environment at large. The increased demand for infrastructure across the globe has also resulted in a rapid depletion of natural resources used for the production of construction materials. The need therefore arises for research to proffer solutions that would lead to the better management of plastic wastes, and provide sustainable construction materials. This study evaluated the compressive strength of sand-filled PET bottles (with varying moisture content, 0-15%) and clay bricks incorporating sand-filled PET bottles for wall construction. Cement was used to stabilize the clay at 0%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of the bricks produced was compared with that of control bricks (without sand-filled PET bottles). The results obtained reveal that the compressive strengths of the PET bricks were less than those of the control bricks. An optimum of 2% moisture content of sand is recommended for filling the PET bottles while 15% stabilization of clay with cement is recommended for the production of sand-filled PET bricks. The sand-filled PET bricks can be used for non-load-bearing wall construction as their compressive strengths fall below the minimum requirements of the Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute and the Standards Organization of Nigeria for load-bearing walls.
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Pugliese, Dora, Valerio Alecci, Mohammad Sadegh Tale Masoule, Ali Ghahremaninezhad, Mario De Stefano, and Antonio Nanni. "Development of Biodegradable and Recyclable FRLM Composites Incorporating Cork Aggregates for Sustainable Construction Practices." Materials 17, no. 21 (2024): 5232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17215232.
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Reducing energy consumption in the building sector has driven the search for more sustainable construction methods. This study explores the potential of cork-modified mortars reinforced with basalt fabric, focusing on optimizing both mechanical and hygroscopic properties. Six mortar mixtures were produced using a breathable structural mortar made from pure natural hydraulic lime, incorporating varying percentages (0–3%) of cork granules (Quercus suber) as lightweight aggregates. Micro-computed tomography was first used to assess the homogeneity of the mixtures, followed by flow tests to evaluate workability. The mixtures were then tested for water absorption, compressive strength, and adhesion to tuff and clay brick surfaces. Adhesion was measured through pull-off tests, to evaluate internal bonding strength. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between surface roughness and bond strength in FRLM composites, revealing that rougher surfaces significantly improved adhesion to clay and tuff bricks. These findings suggest that cork-reinforced mortars offer promising potential for sustainable construction, achieving improved hygroscopic performance, sufficient mechanical strength, internal bonding, and optimized surface adhesion.
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E.O.E., Nnadi, and Boniface Nancy A. "A Comparison of Conventional Blocks and Stabilized Earth Blocks as Building Materials in Uganda." INOSR APPLIED SCIENCES 12, no. 2 (2024): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/inosras/2024/12.2.9510300.
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The high cost of conventional cement and sand blocks in Uganda has led to the widespread adoption of alternatives like wattle bricks, compressed earth blocks, and burnt bricks. Compressed earth blocks are a biodegradable, energy efficient, and eco-friendly building material made from damp soil compressed at high pressure. They reduce environmental hazards and deforestation without firewood. Case study methodology was used and deliberatesampling for collection of data. SPSS v20 was used for the analysis. The result shows that Stabilized Earth Materialshave positive relationship on satisfaction such that it causes 0.651 satisfaction against Conventional Blocks which is 0.602. It revealed a significant impact of Stabilized Earth Materials on cost with 4.8% difference. It is recommended that construction manager should make more use of stabilized earth materials to reduce cost and improve quality Keywords: Conventional blocks, stabilized earth blocks, building materials
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Rancaputra, Muhammad Hanifan, and Totok Wahyu Abadi. "Turning Waste into Wealth with Bricks Eco-Friendly in Indonesia." Journal of Geosciences and Environmental Studies 1, no. 2 (2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53697/ijgaes.v1i2.3344.
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Plastic waste, especially from used bottles, poses significant environmental and health challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature. To address this, the 3R principles-Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle-are essential. This study introduces EcoBricks, made from used plastic bottles, as a sustainable solution to conventional building materials. Using a community-based participatory research approach, the project involves citizens in producing EcoBricks, aiming to foster environmental awareness and reduce the accumulation of plastic waste. The results show that EcoBricks provide a viable alternative to traditional bricks and raise ecological awareness among the community. The implications of this study underscore the potential of EcoBricks in sustainable construction, encouraging wider adoption and policy support for waste reduction initiatives.
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Nnadi, Ezekiel Ejiofor, Nancy Boniface, and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze. "A Comparison of Conventional Blocks and Stabilized Earth Blocks as Building Materials in Uganda." International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) 6, no. 1 (2024): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0601.635.
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In Uganda, the high cost of conventional cement and sand blocks has driven the widespread adoption of alternative building materials, such as wattle bricks, compressed earth blocks, and burnt bricks. Among these, compressed earth blocks have gained popularity due to their eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and biodegradable nature. Made by compressing damp soil at high pressure, these blocks offer an environmentally sustainable solution by minimizing deforestation and eliminating the need for firewood, which is often used in the production of traditional bricks. This study employed a case study methodology and utilized deliberate sampling to gather data, which was then analyzed using SPSS v20. The findings revealed that Stabilized Earth Materials (SEMs) have a stronger positive correlation with user satisfaction compared to conventional blocks, with a satisfaction rating of 0.651 for SEMs versus 0.602 for conventional blocks. Additionally, the study showed that SEMs had a notable impact on reducing construction costs, with a 4.8% cost difference in favor of SEMs. Based on these results, it is recommended that construction managers should consider increasing the use of stabilized earth materials. This shift could not only lead to significant cost reductions but also improve the overall quality of construction, making it a more sustainable and viable option for Uganda’s building industry.
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Jangir, Bhavana. "A Review on Utilization of Processed Inorganic Mixed Municipal Solid Waste by Mechanical Device in Manufacturing of Bricks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 3770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45855.
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Abstract: Municipal solid waste which is increasing day by day becomes eyesore and in turn pollutes the environment. The modern world is having a significant waste management crisis, particularly inorganic mixed municipal solid waste. Every day, hundreds of tones of inorganic mixed wastes are thrown in landfills, yet there aren't enough methods in the world to process and recycle them. Every day, a considerable volume of non-biodegradable waste is dumped or burnt, damaging the environment and the air. The accumulation of non-biodegradable trash in the environment is harmful to both plant and animal life. Nonbiodegradable pollutants like Polyethylene Teraphthalate pose a significant environmental burden, and recycling them is difficult owing to their non-biodegradability. The huge amounts of materials required for infrastructure construction provide a potentially major opportunity for waste material reuse. To resolve this concern, plastic waste has been mixed with clay to form brick for construction purposes. This alternatively saves the quantity of sand/clay that has to be taken away from the precious river beds/mines. The inorganic MSW is naturally available in surplus quantity and hence the cost factor comes down.
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Patil, Harshal. "Study of Waste Material for Concrete Brick Construction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 9 (2024): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64204.
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The management of garbage is a critical issue in the modern world, particularly with regard to plastic and glass waste. Thousands of tonnes of plastic and glass are thrown in the trash every day, yet there aren't enough treatment and recycling options. Every day, a significant amount of plastic is thrown away or burned, contaminating the ecosystem and the atmosphere. Plastic trash build up in the environment poses a threat to both plant and animal life. Plastic is a material that is not biodegradable and takes thousands of years to disintegrate, polluting both land and water. Recycling plastic and glass garbage after their useful lives are through while generating economic value and causing the least amount of environmental harm is the secret to their sustainable management in a circular economy. Bricks are a common building material used to make masonry structures like walls and pavement. Numerous researches has been conducted on concrete that has been saturated with waste plastic and glass fibre, with positive outcomes and many benefits. Numerous testing have been carried out to manufacture eco bricks, including compression tests and water absorption tests
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Jadidah, Wanti Nur. "Waste Management Strategy at Pesantren Dayah Darul Ihsan Aceh Besar." Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL) 7, no. 1 (2025): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.35970/jppl.v7i1.2422.
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Waste is a problem that is constantly being discussed and a solution is sought. Every minute, second we will produce waste, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Waste generated from human activities will affect humans and the ecosystem around where they live. The purpose of this study is to find out the waste management strategy implemented at the Dayah Darul Ihsan Islamic Boarding School in Aceh Besar and the obstacles in waste management that exist at the Islamic Boarding School Dayah Darul Ihsan Aceh Besar. The method used in this study is observation and library research. The results of this study indicate that there are already several waste management strategies at the Darul Ihsan Islamic Boarding School, including the application of the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), making eco bricks from snack waste, sorting waste in the classroom and dormitory environment, and establishing a waste bank. While the obstacles encountered are the lack of synergy from school members, the lack of awareness from each individual to sort waste, and the lack of implementation of integration between learning and caring for the environment. Keywords: 3R concept; environmental education; waste management
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Arguedas, Jessica, and Carlos Eyzaguirre. "Analysis of the technical feasibility of ecological bricks based on PET plastic and bottle glass for the reduction of solid waste pollution in a metropolis." E3S Web of Conferences 514 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451402001.
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Contamination by non-biodegradable solid waste is worrying, mainly due to PET and glass waste, because they are used for single use such as bottles or containers. In addition, global production in 2021 of these materials was 139 million tons and 23.4 million tons, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop an efficient design of bricks composed of cement, PET plastic and glass, evaluating both their physical properties and their mechanical properties to reduce said waste. For this, 4 mixtures based on cement, sand and glass were designed with proportions of 1:2:0.5 and 1:2:1. In addition, 5% and 10% PET were incorporated into these proportions. It should be noted that the PET was ground to a size of 0.2 cm and the glass was ground to a size of 2 cm. The tests carried out show that the 1:2:0.5 dosage with 10% PET is the most efficient, since it obtained a compressive strength of 77.99 kg/cm2 after 28 days. Therefore, it exceeds the minimum value of 70 kg/cm2 after 28 days to be classified as type II brick according to the masonry standard E.070. Likewise, said unit complied with the warping, dimensional variation and absorption tests required by the aforementioned standard.
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Maurya, Madan Chandra, and Dinesh Kumar Malviya. "Recycled C&D waste- An energy efficient and sustainable construction material." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.18s.
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Construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are generated with construction or demolition activities and consists of non biodegradable materials such as cement concrete, bricks, plaster, steel, rubble, woods, plastics etc. Large use of natural recourses for the production of construction materials such as concrete is a prime concern for sustainability. In order to minimize the environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming construction industries has started to look for new alternative sources which are capable of substituting the use of natural materials, also some attempts were taken to utilize the waste generated from the demolition of structures and construction activity. The main benefits from the recycling of C&D waste are conservation of natural resources, reduction in energy consumption, solution for waste disposal crisis, environment preservation. Its use reduces reliance on primary aggregates and lowers the environmental impact of construction.
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Procopio, Anna, Elena Lagreca, Rezvan Jamaledin, et al. "Recent Fabrication Methods to Produce Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Matrices (Experimental and In Silico Approaches)." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040872.
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The study of novel drug delivery systems represents one of the frontiers of the biomedical research area. Multi-disciplinary scientific approaches combining traditional or engineered technologies are used to provide major advances in improving drug bioavailability, rate of release, cell/tissue specificity and therapeutic index. Biodegradable and bio-absorbable polymers are usually the building blocks of these systems, and their copolymers are employed to create delivery components. For example, poly (lactic acid) or poly (glycolic acid) are often used as bricks for the production drug-based delivery systems as polymeric microparticles (MPs) or micron-scale needles. To avoid time-consuming empirical approaches for the optimization of these formulations, in silico-supported models have been developed. These methods can predict and tune the release of different drugs starting from designed combinations. Starting from these considerations, this review has the aim of investigating recent approaches to the production of polymeric carriers and the combination of in silico and experimental methods as promising platforms in the biomedical field.
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Kumar, Sanjeet, Md Asfaque Ansari, Lakshmi Kant, and Nitya Nand Jha. "An Experimental Investigation on Sustainable Concrete Made with Refractory Brick as a Substitute of Natural Fine Aggregate." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 24, no. 1 (2025): B4202. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2025.v24i01.b4202.
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In the face of the pressing global issue of waste management and the diminishing availability of natural resources, the management of non-biodegradable waste materials, including brick waste, poses significant challenges. Ineffective disposal practices not only create logistical obstacles but also pose health hazards. This study explores the potential of utilizing waste refractory bricks (RB) as a sustainable substitute for natural fine aggregates in concrete production. Various experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of RB sand in concrete mixtures. Tests included assessments of fresh and hardened properties, such as slump values, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and resistance to elevated temperatures. The research revealed that RB sand, when used as a partial replacement for fine aggregates, can significantly enhance the compressive strength of concrete, with optimal results observed at a 30% replacement level. Moreover, RB-based concrete exhibited improved split tensile strength compared to traditional concrete, particularly at replacement levels of 10% to 30%. Flexural strength also showed notable improvements, with the 40% replacement level demonstrating optimal performance. Additionally, the study investigated the effects of elevated temperatures on concrete specimens and found that RB-based sustainable concrete showed higher compressive strength retention compared to conventional concrete at a 30% replacement level. Furthermore, weight variation analysis indicated that RB-based concrete had a lower density compared to traditional concrete. Overall, the findings suggest that incorporating RB sand in concrete mixtures could offer a promising solution for sustainable construction practices, contributing to environmental conservation and human health preservation by reducing reliance on natural aggregates and minimizing adverse environmental impacts.
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Gutarowska, Beata. "Moulds in biodeterioration of technical materials." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 10 (November 30, 2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fobio-2014-0012.
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Moulds are microorganisms which play the key role in biodeterioration of technical materials which results from their physiological features and metabolism. Technical materials constitute the source of carbon and energy (wood, paper, textiles, fuels, leather) or the surface for fungal growth (bricks, stone, metal, glass). Moulds characterized by a high biodeterioration activity – enzymatic and acidic, belong mainly to the following genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Chaetomium. Members of some taxa (besides the aforementioned also e.g. Stachybotrys, Alternaria, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Scopulariopsis, Trichophyton) growing on technical substances and producing allergens and mycotoxins cause health hazards. Therefore, basing on the knowledge about conditions for mould development and biodeterioration mechanisms, we should appropriately preserve materials against mould growth. Looking for new disinfection methods safe for technical substances in order to inhibit mould growth is also important. Protective applications of biocides should be limited only to materials most sensitive to biodeterioration (paper, textiles, fuels, paints). On the one hand we should take into consideration environmental protection, on the other production of durable, biodegradable materials ensuring the product life cycle.
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Gonçalves Rapazote, Joana, Cristóvão Laginhas, and Amândio Teixeira-Pinto. "Development of Building Materials through Alkaline Activation of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) - Resistance to Acid Attack." Advances in Science and Technology 69 (October 2010): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.69.156.
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Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a by-product of construction and demolition activity. It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastics etc. CDW is priority waste in the E.U. due to the increased quantities and volumes that are produced. While retrievable items such as brick, wood and metal wires are recycled, concrete, masonry tile and ceramic waste, accounting for more than 60% of CDW, are not being currently recycled. The main objective of this study is to develop a process for obtaining new building materials from CDW using low temperature geopolymerisation in alkaline environment. The two major fractions of the CDW which are not currently being recycled are concrete, mortars, masonry and rubbles for one side and ceramic tile, mosaic and bricks for the other. The major constituents of the first fraction are SiO2 and CaO along with minor concentration of Al2O3 and Fe2O3, mostly crystalline. The major constituents of the latter are SiO2 and Al2O3 and comprise crystalline as well as glassy constituents. The aluminosilicate fraction of both fractions will actively participate in the reaction and for the obtaining of ASH gel (A= Al2O3, S = SiO2, H = H2O), which is the main binding phase. Any deficiency (quantity) in chemical constituents will be compensated by addition of suitable material, e.g., Al2O3 can be compensated with a source of alumina which will be added for alkaline activation reaction. The remaining non aluminosilicate portions such as iron oxide and others will act as filler material. The final product is a very hard ceramic like product. These products can be used for civil engineering applications such as pavement blocks, precast concrete blocks, retaining walls, in general the same use as plain concrete.
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Romano, Melisa S., Valeria Corne, Ricardo R. Azario, Emiliano Centurión, and María del Carmen García. "Valorization of Agroindustrial Waste as Biosorbent of Lead (II) in Solution and its Reuse in the Manufacture of Building Bricks." Recent Progress in Materials 07, no. 01 (2025): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2501002.
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Lead is a non-biodegradable toxic heavy metal. Biosorption process is an attractive technique to remediate lead-contaminated environments because it is simple, effective and low-cost. In addition, rice husk constitutes a highly available residual biomass that could be used as bioadsorbent. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the biosorption of lead on natural and chemically treated rice husk and evaluate the incorporation of the residue (biomass-contaminant) into ceramic matrices to immobilize the removed lead. Natural rice husk and alkaline activated rice husk were characterized and used like bioadsorbents of lead in solution. Data obtained from biosorptions experiments demonstrated that the removal was maximum at pH 5 and the equilibrium was achieved in 30 min. The retention efficiency was improved due to the alkaline treatment, achieving removal higher than 94 % even when low doses of bioadsorbent were used. Biosorption data showed satisfactory fits to Langmuir isotherm and followed a pseudo-second order rate kinetic. After biosorption process, ceramic pieces were obtained from mixtures of commercial clay and rice husk with adsorbed metal, added by 10 % in volume. Lead fixation was determined by ecotoxicity and leachate tests demonstrating that ceramic pieces immobilized the lead within their structure. Finally, the use of alkaline treated rice husk as bioadsorbent of lead and the incorporating of the biomass-lead residue in ceramic matrices to immobilize the lead could be presented like an eco-friendly alternative of detoxification for lead-contaminated environments.
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Olifia Helwed, Ameliana, Andryanti Rudmana, Bunga Apriwati Sinaga, Christy Heny, Diana Br Samosir, and Rachmawati M Noer. "Penyuluhan Tentang Pengolahan Sampah Organik Dan Anorganik Berbasis Zero Waste Di Kampung Tua Bakau Serip." Media Abdimas 3, no. 3 (2024): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37817/mediaabdimas.v3i3.3756.
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ABSTRAK Sampah adalah produk limbah padat atau semi padat yang merupakan sisa dari aktivitasmanusia biasa atau proses alami. Bahan-bahan tersebut dapat berupa bahan organik dananorganik yang dapat terbiodegradasi atau tidak dapat terbiodegradasi yang dianggap tidakberguna dan dibuang ke lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan diKampung Bakau Serip Kelurahan Sambau Kecamatan Nongsa Kota Batam, ditemukanbanyak nya masyarakat yang membuang sampah pada satu lokasi serta tidak adanyapemilahan sampah organik serta anorganik. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini ialahuntuk memberikan penyuluhan serta menambah pengetahuan masyarakat tentangpengolahan sampah organik dan anorganik berbasis zero waste dengan cara pembuataneco-enzyme dan ecobrick. Metode dalam penyuluhan ini ialah ceramah. Kegiatan ini diikutioleh Masyarakat Kampung Bakau Serip Kelurahan Sambau Kecamatan Nongsa KotaBatam yang berjumlah 15 orang. Pelaksanaan dilakukan di Posyandu Hang Tuah padatanggal 15 Mei 2024. Hasil dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini, didapatkan bahwa adanyaperbedaan tingkat pengetahuan peserta tertang pengolahan sampah yang bisa dilihat darihasil pre-test serta post-test. Melalui kegiatan ini, dharapkan agar masyarakat mampusemakin kreatif serta inovatif dalam mengolah sampah. ABSTRACT Waste are solid or semi-solid waste products that are left over from regular human activityor natural processes. They can be biodegradable or non-biodegradable organic andinorganic materials that have been judged useless and discarded into the environment Based on observations made in Kampung Bakau Serip, Sambau Village, NongsaSubdistrict, Batam City, it was found that many people dispose of waste in one locationand there is no sorting of organic and inorganic waste. This community service aims toprovide counseling and increase community knowledge about zero waste-based organicand inorganic waste processing by making eco-enzyme and eco-bricks. The method in thiscounseling is a lecture. This activity was attended by 15 people from Kampung BakauSerip, Sambau Village, Nongsa Sub-district, Batam City. The implementation wasconducted at Hang Tuah Posyandu on 15 May 2024. As a result of this counseling activity,it was found that there was a difference in the participant's level of knowledge regardingwaste management, which can be seen from the pre-test and post-test results. Through thisactivity, it is hoped that the community will be able to be more creative and innovative inprocessing waste.
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Durrani, Kartikeya. "Waste Management and Collaborative Recycling: An SDG Analysis for a Circular Economy." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p197.
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The designated proposal has been a rather globally developing topic and factually alarming according to opined and definitive sources as mentioned in my final submission. Primary sources have indicated and formulated a sharp rise in the global waste produce by 70 per cent nearing 2049, along with clogging waterways, drainage passages and damaging waste-transporting infrastructure. Consolidated efforts which are necessary, certain factual implementations are also further mentioned in the submission, citing primary authorities. The collaborative recycling factor being as important as the pummeling of action which, is attributed according to how vicarious liability flows within an organization, contributing to how the most waste producing countries should take charge by coming together and joining forces. This submission also outlines and draws out how organizational-level responsibility must be implemented while accounting and moving forward with responsible waste management. It also highlights Properly disposing waste along with organic solid waste management programs which will work both ways, in the first way, it will help in supporting major waste producing countries through elemental waste reduction and recycling programs, and in the second way, help in educating the uneducated sections of the society on how to properly minimize food waste. Paving smooth budgetary transitions through recycled material and in turn, creating a circular economy which would fund itself, in a glacial but an efficient pace, thus, powering various global waste management.Keywords: recycling, sustainable development, waste, disposal, impact, utensils, biodegradable, clay, plastic, bricks
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Mapantsela, Yolanda, Patrick Mukumba, KeChrist Obileke, and Ndanduleni Lethole. "Portable Biogas Digester: A Review." Gases 4, no. 3 (2024): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gases4030012.
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To reduce and convert biodegradable waste into energy-rich biogas, anaerobic digestion technology is usually employed. Hence, this takes place inside the biogas digester. Studies have revealed that these digesters are designed and constructed using bricks, cement, and metal; often require a large footprint; and are bulky and expensive. The innovation of portable biogas digesters has come into the market to address these challenges. This present review provides an overview of the in-depth and comprehensive information on portable biogas digesters in the literature. Areas covered in the review include the modification of the biogas digester design, the need for a portable biogas digester, recent studies on the factors affecting the performance of portable biogas digesters, and specific assumptions taken into consideration for designing any portable biogas digester. Convincingly, portable biogas digesters appeal to small rural families because of their ease of operation, maintenance, and ability to save space. The material for the construction and comparison of the portable biogas digester with other designs and the economic feasibility of the system were also reviewed. Implications: The full-scale design, fabrication, and utilization of a portable biogas digester are viable but not widely employed compared to other designs. However, there is a lack of readily available information on the portable design of biogas digesters. This review presents various aspects relating to portable biogas digesters and the quality of biogas produced. Therefore, the review suits audiences in energy process design and engineers, energy researchers, academics, and economists.
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Jonas, Togdjim, Djaldi Tabdi Ngamsou, Mbaïrangone Samson, et al. "Influence of Diatomite on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks." Physical Science International Journal 27, no. 3 (2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3794.
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Given the need for decent housing and taking into consideration the environment, as well as the search for sustainable materials, in recent years researchers have begun to focus on local biodegradable and ecological materials. It should be noted that the use of building materials evolves in step with population growth. However, their production must have a clear positive impact on the environment and offer viable solutions for reducing energy consumption during it is application. However, these materials rarely meet the mechanical requirements for using in housing construction. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of diatomite in the manufacture of compressed earth bricks. Diatomite is used at between 5% and 50% in two clay soils to determine its physico-mechanical properties. The study focused on shrinkage and mass loss, density, porosity, flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the composites. The results show that the incorporation of diatomite improves the linear shrinkage of compressed earth blocks and increases their porosities. The dry density of compressed earth block decreased considerably with increasing percentages of diatomite, which also led to a reduction in mechanical strength. This reduction in mechanical strength is linked to the physicochemical characteristics of diatomite. According to a number of relevant standards in the literature, which can be used in building construction set minimum permissible strengths at 2 MPa in simple compression and 0.1 MPa in bending and indirect tension, composites made from two clay soils and diatomite.
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De Fenzo, Anna, Michele Giordano, and Lucia Sansone. "A Clean Process for Obtaining High-Quality Cellulose Acetate from Cigarette Butts." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214710.
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The main purpose of this study is to introduce a modified method for recovering and recycling huge number of cigarette butts (CBs) and convert them into a fashion product. CBs are non-biodegradable waste, generally, discarded improperly into the environment. CBs consist of cellulose acetate, which can be recovered through extraction and purification processes. CBs are the most numerically frequent form of waste in the world. A relevant portion of CBS are discarded improperly into the environment. The principal filter components are plasticized cellulose acetate fibers that have the slowest degradation rate (up to years). In fact, a limiting step is the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate polymer into cellulose and acetic acid, which is extremely slow under ambient conditions and represents a relevant environmental risk. A number of studies have been realized on recycling cigarette butts with encouraging results, and several methods have been studied, including recycling of cigarette butts in asphalt concrete and fired clay bricks, as a carbon source, sound-absorbing material, corrosion inhibitor, biofilm carrier, and many more. In this study, we propose a novel, green, low cost, simple, and efficient extraction method of cellulose acetate fibers (CA) from discarded cigarette butts (DCBs). CBs extraction procedure involves a two-step process consisting of washings in water and some subsequent washings in ethanol. The obtained samples of CA are dried at 60 °C for 60 min in the oven. The quality and properties of cellulose acetate extracted and purified are comparable to the pure cellulose acetate fiber used for cigarette butts. The preliminary results obtained on the recovered CA look promising to the use of this recovery material from cigarette butts to obtain a wide consumption fashion product, such as eyeglass frames.
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Adamu, Musa, Fayez Alanazi, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Hani Alanazi, and Veerendrakumar C. Khed. "A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Natural Fiber in Cementitious Composites: The Date Palm Fiber Case." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116691.
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The use of natural fibers in cementitious composites continue gaining acceptability and applicability due to the shortcomings and disadvantages of synthetic fiber; this is because natural fibers have advantages of sustainability, eco-friendliness, and economy. Biodegradable natural fibers, being low density and lightweight, with typical values of strength-to-weight ratio, aspect ratio, elastic modulus, and strength, may be competitive for substituting synthetic fibers such as glass and carbon. Indeed, natural fibers are mostly non-irritating for the skin and typically pose no troubles or issues for breathing, which is not the case with many synthetic fibers. Date palm fiber (DPF) is a natural fiber obtained as waste material from a date palm tree. In many countries, with large date production, DPF is easily available as a process by-product, with a low processing cost. Being sustainable and environmentally friendly, DPF is continuously gaining acceptability as fiber material in different composites such as concrete, mortar, gypsum composites, clay composites, and bricks. Based on the most available literature reviewed, DPF reinforced composites have been found to be a good insulation material, with higher thermal properties, thereby reducing energy consumption which consequently saves the running and maintenance cost of the building. DPF reinforced composites were reported to have higher energy absorption capacity, ductility, and bending resistance, leading to delaying crack propagation and preventing catastrophic failures of structures such as beams and slabs. Additionally, due to its lower density, DPF reinforced composites have the advantage for usage in areas prone to seismic effects, and when used for buildings, the overall weight of the building is expected to reduce hence reduction in foundation cost. The major setback of using DPF in composites is the reduction in the compressive strength of the composites and the durability performance of the composites. Therefore, for effective usage of DPF in composites to derive the maximum benefits, there is a need to devise a method of mitigating its negative effects on the compressive strength and durability performance of the Composites; this is a future study that needs to be explored for better performance of DPF in cementitious and other materials composites.
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Sanjay, Dangi. "GAUCRETE ENGINEERING AS AN ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY SOLUTION." International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME) 8, no. 1 (2023): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7896825.
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Sustainable development is an essential approach to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Civil engineering is an integral part of sustainable development, as it plays a significant role in shaping the built environment. The incorporation of environmentally-friendly solutions into engineering projects is incredibly important for promoting sustainability and protecting our planet's natural resources. This approach involves a shift towards designing and constructing buildings and infrastructure that minimize waste, conserve energy, and reduce emissions. Incorporating sustainable solutions can also lead to cost savings in the long run by reducing energy consumption and minimizing water use. Furthermore, by incorporating these solutions, engineers are taking responsibility for their impact on the environment and working towards creating a better future for generations to come. Overall, it is critical that we continue to prioritize sustainability in engineering projects, and work towards developing innovative and effective solutions to promote a greener and more sustainable future.
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Waghmare, Ankit, Amisha Tembhare, Akshay Gulhane, and Mrudul Gotmare. "Use of Hemp in Fly Ash Brick." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 1605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43817.
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Abstract: The construction sector is one of the primary energy consuming sectors and contributes substantial atmospheric emissions. The building and construction sector is responsible for 30% of global energy use and 17% of greenhouse gas emissions. In the past decade the construction community has been looking at sustainability of construction method. The requirement for improved construction method also leads to the search for new construction materials. One feasible material with suitable technical properties based on renewable is hemp fibre concrete or also known as hempcrete..Hempcrete is a Carbon Negative, non toxic, breathable and biodegradable building material made from hemp fibre, lime, fly ash, sand and water. This bio composite material has excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Using renewable plant based biomaterials such as hemp in building material removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, hence reducing the carbon footprint of building infrastructure
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Motaș, Justina Georgiana, Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici, Ramona Iuliana Popa, and Sever-Gabriel Racz. "INFLUENCE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARBOBLEND V2 NATURE LIGNIN-BASED POLYMER." International Journal of Manufacturing Economics and Management 2, no. 1 (2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmem.2022.2.1.48.
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The need to find materials for various common objects and more reliable and less expensive production is a major concern of society and scientists in recent decades, due to the dramatic decline in available stocks of materials from low renewable resources and massive pollution caused by the production of cement, brick, plastics or other similar products. In this sense, the use of biodegradable plastics is a more than the satisfactory alternative. However, in order to grow their performance, they constantly need to be improved, so composite materials based on biodegradable or recyclable polymers have started to be used frequently as a viable alternative. The present manuscript reveals the mechanical behavior of such composite material obtained by coating Arboblend V2 Nature granules with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The coating is intended to improve the antibacterial activity of the base material. The obtained results underlined the fact that with the incorporation of AgNPs in the polymer mass, the mechanical performances (tensile strength, bending strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity) of the material decrease visibly. Thus, the possibility of use of the parts in applications that involve exposure to pulling or bending is quite low, but can successfully replace other biodegradable/non-biodegradable polymeric materials that have metal particles in their structure and which do not present antibacterial action.
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Sari, Mega Mutiara, Takanobu Inoue, Regil Kentaurus Harryes, et al. "Multi-Attribute Utility Theory Decision Analysis for Biodegradable River Debris Composting Treatment in Surakarta City." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 6, no. 2 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2022.6.2.59-66.
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River waste in Surakarta City primarily consists of biodegradable waste that can be processed by biological processes such as composting. However, there are various kinds of composting application techniques. This, of course, must be adapted to the conditions in Surakarta City. This study aims to conduct a decision analysis on debris processing techniques in Surakarta City using the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method. The criteria used are aesthetics, land requirements, ease of operation, ease of construction, and investment and operational costs. Alternatives used in composting are bamboo aerator system, hollow brick, and takakura arranges. The final assessment by MAUT showed that waste processing with hollow brick (0.802) had the highest weight and was followed by the bamboo aerator system (0.643). The final score for the takakura method is only 0.250, and this is because the weight on costs and land requirements is considerable compared to the other two alternatives.
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Rajprasad, N. Acharya, Clinton Stephan, Harshith, Suryakanth Naik Praveen, and D. R. Sridhar. "Experimental Investigation on Waste-plastic Reinforced Concrete Brick." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 5 (2023): 461–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7947449.
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The accumulation of plastic waste is a growing concern as disposable plastic products such as bags and water bottles, PVC pipes continue to be produced and discarded regularly. Disposing of plastic is challenging since it is not biodegradable and has a lower recycling rate than other materials. One promising solution is to manufacture concrete blocks using plastic flakes as an alternative material aggregate. This study sought to develop and test these blocks' compressive strength, taking into account factors such as the cement to aggregate ratio, water to cement ratio, size of plastic flakes, and proportion of plastic flakes replacing sand. The optimal mix for achieving high compressive strength was found to be a ratio of 1:3 cement to aggregate, with 20% small and medium-sized plastic flakes mixed with 80% sand and a water to cement ratio of 0.5. The goal of this study is to reduce plastic waste pollution while also providing an alternative to traditional fine aggregate.
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Mankit, Thararat, Anurak Petiraksakul, and Pijit Jiemvarangkul. "The Adsorption Characteristics of Phytochemical on Supporters." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.919.
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The objective of this research is to study equilibrium adsorption, adsorption isotherm and the amount of the phytochemical called Micronice Bio MEX 3, which is adsorbed on various supporters. Micronice is a biodegradable chemical liquid product collected from Technogreen Company Limited. The supporters in this work are activated carbon, zeolite and brick which are used as adsorbents. The supporters were immersed in the Micronice with various periods to find out their adsorption equilibrium time. The results show that the adsorption equilibrium time for all supporters is 60 minutes and the mass adsorption percentages of activated carbon, zeolite and brick are 14.05%, 1.58% and 2.24%, respectively. An adsorption isotherm can be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Freundlich constants of activated carbon, zeolite and brick are KF= 4.76 x10-8(mg/g)(L/mg)1/n, 7.15x10-8(mg/g)(L/mg)1/nand 1.10x10-4(mg/g)(L/mg)1/n, n = 0.772, 0.619 and 0.922, respectively. The Langmuir constants of activated carbon, zeolite and brick are KL= 756.62 L/mg, 12,924 L/mg and 3,918.60 L/mg, qo= 1,428.57 mg/g, 44.25 mg/g and 303.030 mg/g. The results present that the adsorption mechanism of all supporters can be well described by both Langmuir and Freundilch models and the best supporter is activated carbon.
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Ulfiana, D., Suripin, D. A. Wulandari, N. N. Hudaifah, and N. H. Salsabila. "The development of permeable pavement from demolished construction waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012082.
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Abstract In Indonesia, paving blocks are one of the most extensively used building materials. Paving blocks are ideal for making roads, parks, and parking lots because they are easy to install, durable, and weather-resistant. The high demand for paving blocks contributes to the increasing demand for aggregate as the main material for paving blocks. This has an indirect impact on the environment. On the other hand, building demolition waste is increasing. The majority of these building materials are non-biodegradable, such as concrete, plaster, brick walls, and tiles, which could harm the environment. Therefore, this study aims to see the possibility of using demolished concrete, brick walls, and tiles as a substitute for the aggregate in the production of permeable paving blocks. Each substitute material is then sampled and evaluated with compressive strength and infiltration rate to find the most optimum permeable paving block design. Based on the analysis, permeable paving blocks that use concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate have better permeability and compressive strength compared to paving blocks that use brick walls and tiles waste. This paving block has an infiltration rate of 858 mm/hour and compressive strength of 11.68 MPa which is suitable for use in the park.
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Djebara, Ahmed Messaoud, Mohamed Mouli, Ramdane Chihaoui, et al. "Optimizing self-compacting mortars with fillers from sustainable industrial by-products: evaluation of durability parameters." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (2024): 667–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n1-038.
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This study investigates the transformative potential of repurposing non-biodegradable industrial by-products, specifically glass, brick, and sanitary ceramic waste, as alternative fillers for self-compacting mortars (SCM). Positioned within the framework of sustainability and enhanced performance, we conduct an in-depth comparative analysis against traditional limestone fillers to ascertain the efficacy of these unconventional materials. Employing a comprehensive methodology, we conduct spreading tests, evaluate heat of hydration, and assess mechanical resistance. Additionally, we delve into key durability parameters, including water-accessible porosity and capillarity, to comprehensively understand the nuanced effects of diverse fillers on the characteristics of the resulting self-compacting mortars. The experimental timeline unfolds through a series of assessments, measuring compressive and tensile strengths at strategic intervals - 2, 7, 28, 90, 270, and 365 days post-application. After 270 days of maturation, our study rigorously examines durability parameters. The findings unequivocally reveal a significant enhancement in SCM performance when incorporating glass, brick, and sanitary ceramic waste as fillers, outperforming conventional limestone fillers. Of notable significance is the consistent superiority of ceramic fillers across a spectrum of metrics. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of sustainable repurposing of industrial by-products in construction. Moreover, it highlights the pivotal role played by ceramic fillers in elevating rheological, mechanical, and durability attributes of self-compacting mortars. Beyond its immediate implications, this study opens new avenues for environmentally responsible and economically viable construction materials, promising further advancements and innovation in the field.
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Van Deursen, C., T. Suwan, S. Laosuwan, P. Wongmatar, M. Kaewmoracharoen, and P. Suwan. "Development of Polymeric Binder from Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Foam Waste as Construction Materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1146, no. 1 (2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1146/1/012007.
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Abstract Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam wastes become a huge environmental issue as most of them are non-biodegradable materials and are disposed of inappropriately. It was reported that the amount of plastic and foam wastes for food containers and other packagings was evidently increased during the past 5 years, especially since the COVID19 pandemic. This work studied the development of the polymeric foam binder from the EPS foam waste for the production of green construction blocks or pavement tiles. The types of solvent (acetone and toluene) and the amount of additional EPS foam binder were investigated. The results show that the appropriate mixtures contained EPS foam binder from 15% to 30% to achieve maximum compressive strength at approximately 10 to 12 MPa with the optimal unit weight of 1,600 to 1,900 kg/m3. Those outcomes have equally passed the strength class of Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 57 and 77) for construction brick and block. This eco-friendly technique could facilitate value-added production and reduce the environmental impact of EPS wastes disposal. Moreover, it is one of the alternative approaches to promote greener and cleaner production for environmentally friendly construction materials.
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Singh, Pranav Pratap. "Green Concrete Using Waste Rubber Tyre Particles." Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE) 1, no. 2 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.02.001.
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Concrete is perhaps the most often utilized construction material, in which cement and aggregate are unavoidable to manufacture. So, the use of excessive aggregate may lead to higher prices as a requirement of natural resources being costly. Solid waste management is attracting considerable interest these days. Different types of solid waste, such as waste tyres, have become a source of concern because they are not biodegradable nature. In many industries, for instance thermal power plants. The large proportion of discarded tyre rubber is converted into fuels, Cement furnaces, brick furnaces etc. Sad-ly, such use is not environmentally friendly and highly demanding, but it is costly. As a result, use of such leftover tyre rubber in making concrete was deemed to be an additional method of waste disposal. This type of garbage is intended to safeguard the environment. Attempt made in this analysis to classify the different properties mandatory for the creation of concrete mix with rough tyre rubber particles to be used as aggregate in a systematic manner. As part of this project, the M20 grade concrete was selected as the reference concrete specimen. In place of traditional coarse aggregate, rubber tyre granules in the form of cementitious material are employed.
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Rahman, Ataur, Madhobi Mallick, and Shantanu Ghosh. "Experimental Behavior of FRP Confined Concrete Cylinder Wrapped by Two Different FRPs." Journal of Materials Science Research 7, no. 2 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v7n2p18.
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This paper presents the results of experimental investigation on concrete cylinders confined with two different types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, they are: synthetic high strength CFRP composites and composites using natural fiber like Jute. These two FRPs are very much distinct with respect to their strength and recycle properties. Conventional FRPs like CFRP possess superior mechanical strength than natural FRPs, but have got some serious drawbacks such as high density, high cost and poor recycling and non-biodegradable properties. On the other hand, the durability of the natural fibers can be enhanced by mummification of the fibers within the epoxy resin. An experimental study was conducted, where twenty six small scale cylindrical concrete specimens (100 × 200 mm) were subjected to uniaxial compression up o failure and the corresponding stress-strain behaviors were observed. The ultimate failure load and the deformation at peak load were the two important observations. The results demonstrate that a significant increase in the compressive strength can be achieved by confining the concrete with CFRP but both strength and ductility are compromised when concrete is wrapped with JUTE-FRP. However, JUTE-FRP shows reasonably good ductile behavior for the case of low strength concrete and can safely be used for brick masonry column. For low cost strengthening work, JUTE-FRP can be an alternative for low strength concrete and masonry works.
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Janowska-Renkas, Elżbieta, Anna Król, Sławomir Pochwała, Dawid Pałubski, Małgorzata Adamska, and Igor Klementowski. "The Fire Resistance and Heat Conductivity of Natural Construction Material Based on Straw and Numerical Simulation of Building Energy Demand." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031155.
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The motivation for research to help address climate change is a continuous process of searching for eco-friendly materials in the building industry, which will allow minimizing the negative impact of this sector on the environment. The main objective of the paper is to assess the properties of a natural resource such as straw as an eco-friendly material in various variants for use in low-energy demand construction. The research results will fill the knowledge gap in the field of numerical analyses of the energy demand of straw material buildings based on the results of the conducted laboratory tests. A test of a heat transfer coefficient was conducted with different orientation of straw stalks. Then, samples were subject to a fire resistance test to determine material behavior at 1000 °C. During the fire resistance test, the clay-based plaster was ‘burnt out’, which hardened its structure, effectively preventing flames from reaching the insulation layers in the form of straw stalks. As a result of shrinkage (no plaster mesh), the plaster cracked and turned brick-red in color. The insulation layer of straw under the plaster was charred to a depth of 3.0 mm due to the high temperature. However, when the torch was turned off, no fire spread was observed in any layer of the sample. The 3D models of the buildings were created for different eco-friendly materials applied to make external walls. The results of numerical simulation allowed determining the amount of final energy needed to heat the designed building at the level of 26.38 (kWh/m2·year). Conclusions of the above-mentioned tests indicate very good thermal insulating properties determined using the lambda coefficient of 0.069 (W/m·K) and the possible application of straw bales as an alternative for conventional construction. Research has proven that it is possible to construct a building with low energy requirements using natural, easily available waste and completely biodegradable material.
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Rauniyar, Abishek, Rinkal Kishor Nakrani, Saketh Reddy Narpala, Nehaun, and Sija Arun. "An evaluation of the use of plastic waste in the manufacture of plastic bricks." Discover Civil Engineering 1, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44290-024-00045-3.
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AbstractAn integrated analysis is performed for the present study, including an evaluation of the mechanical and durability properties of plastic brick, a cost-effectiveness analysis, and an eco-benefit analysis of recycling plastic waste into bricks. To promote sustainable construction practices, pp waste is used in plastic brick to replace waste material often discarded in landfills and burned. This study involved the preparation of 36 (230 mm × 110 mm × 90 mm) bricks. Modified fly ash containing 40, and 45% of the cement weight was incorporated into the samples. There is an increase in waste production among the Indian population. Some of these wastes pose a threat to the environment. There is also a significant amount of plastic waste in the country. Even though it is not biodegradable, it poisons trees and aquatic organisms. Thus, waste plastics were repurposed for use in the construction industry. Cement, fly ash, M sand, and plastic waste fibers are used to make plastic bricks. Polypropylene (PP) has a high deformation capacity and is a cost-effective material. Plastic waste is used in this study in the form of polypropylene fibers. To produce the bricks, different mix ratios were used in which PP waste was used in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15% (represented as Mix1, Mix2, and Mix3), based on the total mixing of the polycarbonate substance volume of bricks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing plastic wastes to produce a cost-effective and lightweight plastic brick for use in construction. Compressive strength, water absorption, soundness, efflorescence, and hardness tests were carried out on the bricks. The compressive strength of mix 2 at a load of 426 kg is the highest of the three plastic bricks tested. A comparison of this proportion with other mix proportions and conventional brick effectiveness.
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"Analyzing the Structural Properties of Fire Clay Bricks After Adding Cigarette Filters." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 16 (October 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2020.16.69.
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Cigarette filters are one of the most littered objects in the world that damage the environment. Incorporation in construction bricks offers the prospect of limiting damage and solves the recyclability problem for a typical non-biodegradable waste. This paper aims to explore that prospect, by adding cigarette filters in the production of two samples of fired clay bricks with the cigarette filters comprising 5% and 10% of the volume. The mixing and molding processes were done manually which had an effect on the bricks when tested, The results of testing were corresponding with those of previous studies (outside Egypt), however, only one sample of 5% Cigarette butts volume bricks complied with the Egyptian standards for bricks used in non-load bearing uses. The industrial production of these bricks is highly recommended as it will surpass the required Egyptian standards, save a significant amount of natural resources and eliminate cigarette waste.
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"The Technology Acceptance Model in the Collaborative Learning of Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and Web 4.0: Higher Education Case Study." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 16 (October 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2020.16.70.
Full textAbstract:
Cigarette filters are one of the most littered objects in the world that damage the environment. Incorporation in construction bricks offers the prospect of limiting damage and solves the recyclability problem for a typical non-biodegradable waste. This paper aims to explore that prospect, by adding cigarette filters in the production of two samples of fired clay bricks with the cigarette filters comprising 5% and 10% of the volume. The mixing and molding processes were done manually which had an effect on the bricks when tested, The results of testing were corresponding with those of previous studies (outside Egypt), however, only one sample of 5% Cigarette butts volume bricks complied with the Egyptian standards for bricks used in non-load bearing uses. The industrial production of these bricks is highly recommended as it will surpass the required Egyptian standards, save a significant amount of natural resources and eliminate cigarette waste.
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Daskalakis, Evangelos, Fengyuan Liu, Boyang Huang, et al. "Investigating the Influence of Architecture and Material Composition of 3D Printed Anatomical Design Scaffolds for Large Bone Defects." International Journal of Bioprinting 7, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i2.268.
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There is a significant unmet clinical need to prevent amputations due to large bone loss injuries. We are addressing this problem by developing a novel, cost-effective osseointegrated prosthetic solution based on the use of modular pieces, bone bricks, made with biocompatible and biodegradable materials that fit together in a Lego-like way to form the prosthesis. This paper investigates the anatomical designed bone bricks with different architectures, pore size gradients, and material compositions. Polymer and polymer-composite 3D printed bone bricks are extensively morphological, mechanical, and biological characterized. Composite bone bricks were produced by mixing polycaprolactone (PCL) with different levels of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP). Results allowed to establish a correlation between bone bricksarchitecture and material composition and bone bricks performance. Reinforced bone bricks showed improved mechanical and biological results. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks with 38 double zig-zag filaments and 14 spiral-like pattern filaments, while the best biological results were obtained with PCL/HA bone bricks based on 25 double zig-zag filaments and 14 spiral-like pattern filaments.