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Journal articles on the topic 'Biodegradable plastics'
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1
Glukhikh, Viktor, Pavel Buryndin, Artyem Artyemov, Andrei Savinovskih, Pavel Krivonogov, and Anna Krivonogova. "Plastics: physical-and-mechanical properties and biodegradable potential." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-149-154.
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Introduction. Processing agricultural waste into plant biodegradable plastics is a promising way for its recycling. This work featured the main physical-and-mechanical properties of plant plastics without adhesive substances obtained from millet husk and wheat husk and wood plastic obtained from sawdust, as well as their biodegradation potential.
Study objects and methods. Objects of the study were plastics without adhesives based on wood sawdust, millet husk, and wheat husk.
Results and discussion. We analyzed of the physical-and-mechanical parameters of the plant plastic based on millet husk, wheat husk, as well as wood plastic based on sawdust. The analysis showed that, in general, the strength characteristics of the wood plastics were higher than those of the plastics based on millet husk, especially flexural strength. Thus, the average value of the density of the wood plastic exceeded that of the plant plastic from millet husk by 10%, hardness by 40%, compression elasticity modulus by 50%, and flexural modulus by 3.9 times. It was found that wood and plant plastics obtained from sawdust, millet husk, and wheat husk without adhesives had a high biodegradation potential.
Conclusion. The plastics obtained can be used as an insulating, building, and decorative material in the steppe regions experiencing a shortage of wood and wood powder.
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Mohd Amin, Ainatul Mardhiah, Suhaila Mohd Sauid, and Ku Halim Ku Hamid. "Polymer-Starch Blend Biodegradable Plastics: An Overview." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.93.
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The low degradability behaviour of plastics is an important environmental problem. The end-use of plastic creates waste-disposal problems as these plastics do not readily or naturally degrade and gives severe effect when plastic-waste requires more time to break down. However, as the bio-polymer industries have advanced, biodegradable plastic is being presented as a high promising solution to the environmental problem over the conventional non-biodegradable plastics. As one of the great innovation products in bio-polymer industries, biodegradable plastic can potentially lessen the volume of solid waste and reduce the need for waste dumping sites. Whilst, biodegradable plastic also offers the outstanding properties to resist the brittleness and resistance towards heat. This paper review the potential of biodegradable plastics made from petrochemical-polymers blended with starch, including polyethylene (PE), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
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Stasiškienė, Žaneta, Jelena Barbir, Lina Draudvilienė, Zhi Kai Chong, Kerstin Kuchta, Viktoria Voronova, and Walter Leal Filho. "Challenges and Strategies for Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastic Waste Management in Europe." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416476.
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In recent years, an increasing trend towards replacement of conventional fossil-based plastics with bio-based plastics was noticed, i.e., production of plastics partly or fully made from biomass is rapidly expanding. Currently, bio-based and biodegradable plastics have a very small market size, approximately only 1% of all plastics produced. However, the forecast of the global bioplastics production capacities predicts an increase from approximately 2.417 million tonnes in 2021 to approximately 7.593 million tonnes in 2026, more than three times the current capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the challenges and identify the barriers for bio-based and biodegradable plastics for waste management and to evaluate the effectiveness of current plastic waste management strategies for the efficient waste management of bio-based and biodegradable plastics. The main barriers and motivators of the biodegradable and biodegradable plastics market that have been identified include macroeconomic factors, regulatory factors, technological factors, and social factors. The bio-based and biodegradable plastics have to be separately collected and treated under mostly controlled, regulated conditions. However, currently, there are no legal provisions providing for the separate collection of bio-based plastics, leading to their disposal with either hazardous waste, conventional plastics, or municipal waste. Since the effective plastic waste management strategy relates to good performance in each step of the waste management process, bio-based and biodegradable plastic waste management could, therefore, be based on an effective strategy for the management of plastic waste. However, there is a need for standardizing waste collection systems and creating a harmonized waste collection infrastructure, which would lead to effective sorting of bio-based plastic waste.
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HUZAISHAM, NUR ATHIRAH. "APPLICATION OF WASTE BANANA PEELS AS BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.786.
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The world today seems unimaginable without plastics or synthetic organic polymer, however their large-scale production and use only dates back to 1950 (1). The resulting rapid growth in plastics production is remarkable, surpassing most other man-made materials. The study presents the utilization of banana peel as biodegradable plastic to substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic. The objectives of this research are to aims to develop and produce biodegradable plastic that will substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic to help in saving the environment as well as to compare the properties of biodegradable plastic based on banana peel with the commercial biodegradable plastic. The use of waste banana peel in this study is mainly to replace the synthetic materials used in the conventional biodegradable plastic. Furthermore, the environmental pollutions can be reduced due to the usage of waste banana peels to produce a new value-added biodegradable plastic.
Keywords : Banana peel, biodegradable plastic, pollution, environment
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NISHIYAMA, Masashi. "Biodegradable plastics." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 56, no. 4 (1990): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.56.639.
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Miyata, Yoshiaki. "Biodegradable Plastics." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 68, no. 9 (1994): 1318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.68.1318.
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Takiyama, Eiichiro. "Biodegradable Plastics." Kobunshi 42, no. 3 (1993): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.42.251.
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YAMASHITA, Makoto. "Biodegradable plastics." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 20, no. 12 (1991): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.20.765.
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YAMASHITA, IWAO. "Biodegradable plastics." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 64, no. 1 (1991): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.64.16.
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Steinbüchel, Alexander. "Biodegradable plastics." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (June 1992): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(92)90107-t.
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Telussa, Ivon, Matheis F. J. D. P. Tanasale, and Ali Ridho Arif Madja. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic from Tropical Marine Microalgae Navicula sp. TAD01." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2023): 6877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.2107.
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The use of plastics made from petrochemicals has a bad environmental impact. One of the efforts to overcome this is using microalgae Navicula sp. as a raw material for making biodegradable plastics. Navicula sp. TAD01 is a type of marine microalgae that is spread Inner Bay of Ambon and can be used to manufacture biodegradable plastics. In this study, biodegradable plastic was synthesized from the biomass of Navicula sp. TAD01, characterization and degradation test. The method used in this research includes three stages. Navicula sp. TAD01 cells were grown in the first stage to obtain biomass. The second stage is making biodegradable plastic from the biomass of Navicula sp. TAD01. The last step is to characterize biodegradable plastics and perform a degradation test. Cultivation of Navicula sp. TAD01 obtained dry biomass of 6.4398 grams, with a productivity value of 0.0524 gL-1h-1. The biodegradable plastic made has a slippery texture and a greenish opaque color with a thickness of 0.05 mm. It has tensile strength and elongation values at break of 1.36 MPa and 30.7%, respectively. The results of the analysis of the biodegradation test on this biodegradable plastic film have a mass loss percentage value of 85.27% with an immersion time of 10 days. This shows that Navicula sp TAD01 has the potential to be used as an ingredient in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics that can degrade well
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Maghfiroh, Laelatun, Kartini Fauziah Hanum, Endaruji Sedyadi, Irwan Nugraha, and Fatchul Anam Nurlaili. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic with Basic Materials of “Singkong Onggok” - Pectin Peel of “Jeruk Bali” (Citrus Maxima) – Plasticizer." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.86.
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Biodegradable plastic made from pectin pell of “jeruk bali” has been carried out. Pectin is obtained by extraction methods and for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics with hot-blending methods. The characteristics of the mechanical biodegradable plastics are determined by tensile strength and elongation, and biodegradation test of biodegradable plastics. The results of manufacture biodegradable plastic with the addition of pectin 5g was the best result with a tensile strength value of 195.35 MPa, and an elongation value of around 15.73 - 33.40%. Plastics with the variation of sorbitol starch composition as much as 1.5 g with 1 ml sorbitol each having a tensile strength of 61.29 MPa and elongation value of 14.30%. Plastic with a variation of 1.5 ml sorb itol has a tensile strength value of 118.93 MPa and an elongation value of 16.73%. Plastic with a variation of 2 ml sorbitol has a tensile strength value of 79.67 MPa and an elongation value of 17.63%.
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Salomo, Saud, Astri Devi Br Pakpahan, Dea Gracella Siagian, Grecy Kristina Tampubolon, Salsabila Afani, Eddiyanto Eddiyanto, and Junifa Layla Sihombing. "Biodegradable plastic modification from durian seed starch and shrimp chitosan with the addition of plasticiziers glycerol and polyglycerol using microwaves." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 13, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v13i3.29017.
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Plastic waste takes up to 450 years to decompose. These problems can be overcome by creating other alternatives, one of which is by using biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics made from natural polymers that are easily degraded by microorganisms. This study aims to examine the effect of the amount of plasticizer on the length of the degradation process and the effect of using microwaves on the length of time for molding biodegradable plastic. This biodegradable plastic is made by combining durian seed starch, shrimp chitosan and plasticizers in the form of glycerol and polyglycerol with volume variations of 1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL, and 5 mL. This polymerization was carried out using a microwave with a power of 100 watts for 60 minutes. The resulting biodegradable plastics were characterized using the FTIR test, the Mechanical Properties test, the Absorbency test, and the Biodegradation test to determine the quality of the biodegradable plastic. The results of this study indicate the greatest tensile strength value is 1.9768 MPa, the largest elongation value is 21.2772%, the smallest water absorption is 45.40% for 5 minutes, and the largest degraded mass is 0.908 grams for 7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the use of polyglycerol can accelerate the plastic degradation process. In addition, the use of microwaves can speed up the molding time of biodegradable plastics.
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Sonseca, Agueda, Coro Echeverría, and Daniel López. "Functional Biodegradable Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142500.
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Elfiana, Tiara Nur, Anisa Nur Izza Fitria, Endaruji Sedyadi, Susy Yunita Prabawati, and Irwan Nugraha. "Degradation Study of Biodegradable Plastic Using Nata De Coco as A Filler." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2018.72.33-38.
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Starch is known as a biodegradable raw material that can be degraded by bacteria and microorganisms in the soil. Starch has cellulose which is kind of plant cellulose. This study shows the biodegradation rates of plastic made from Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) as a cellulose source which is added with nata de coco as a filler. The biodegradable plastic functional group was confirmed by using FITR. The results show that the O-H group of Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) biodegradable plastic is located at wave number 3298.03 cm-1 and shifted to 3290.32 cm-1 after addition of nata de coco. The C-H bonds functional groups in Canna biodegradable plastics and nata de coco plastics are at wave numbers 2920.01 cm-1 and 2916.16 cm-1. While the C-O bonds functional groups in biodegradable starch plastics and nata de coco is shown at wave numbers 995.05 cm-1. The mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics testing are thickness, tensile strength, and elongation based on the ASTM method. The thickness is about 0.1005 mm, the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic is 4,3244 MPa and the elongation value range about 13.9639% while the WVTR range about 14.20 g/m² hours. The results show that the increase of the plastic degradation made from nata de coco occurs between 5% - 38% per days. It is faster than the plastic made from pure Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) starch. These results indicate that nata de coco could be added in biodegradable plastic on packaging materials for better degradation.
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Safitri, A., P. S. D. Sinaga, H. Nasution, H. Harahap, Z. Masyithah, Iriany, and R. Hasibuan. "The role of various plastisizers and fillers additions in improving tensile strength of starch-based bioplastics: A mini review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012076.
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Abstract The general public uses plastic extensively, particularly in food packaging. Plastic raw materials are generally petroleum derivatives with advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost, lightweight, ease of manufacture, and application. However, there are other disadvantages to plastic, which is not easily biodegradable. As a result, researchers have expressed a strong desire to develop biodegradable plastics in order to reduce the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics in the environment. One of the candidates for producing bioplastic using natural resources is biodegradable plastics. Bioplastics based on starch are a common material used in the production of bioplastics. However, because bioplastics have lower tensile properties than conventional plastics, fillers are used to increase the strength of bioplastics. Fillers are used to reduce plastic cost, shrinkage during the setting process, and to improve tensile strength and hardness. As a result, the tensile and morphology of several starch-based biodegradable plastics with chitosan, CMC fiber, and clay as fillers will be reported in this review. According to our mini-review, sorbitol and CMC are very good plasticizers for starch-based bioplastics, and CMC has a higher crystallinity form, promoting greater interaction between the cellulose chains and starch-based matrix.
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ARJUN J, MANJU R, RAJESWARAN S R, and CHANDHRU M. "Banana peel starch to biodegradable alternative products for commercial plastics." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0066.
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Plastics offers a variety of benefits and in variety of shapes, such as sheets, panels, film which can all be flexible as application requires. Plastic is a price competitive with other materials that offer similar advantages in industrial application. It is light weight strong and cheaper. However, use of too many plastics results in massive harmful effects. It take longer time to degrade which is estimated about 500 years to degrade and will become toxic after decomposed, it will affect the environment. Thus the biodegradable plastics become promising solution to solve all this problems. The objective of this study is to produce biodegradable plastic from banana peels as a substitute for commercial plastics and to prove that the starch in banana peel could be used in production of biodegradable plastics. The strength of the plastic was determined by elongation test and by comparing with a synthetic plastic. In soil burial degradation test, the intensity of degradation was tested by comparing with synthetic plastic, biodegradable plastic degraded at rapid rate and synthetic plastic did not degrade at all. Based on the entire test, bioplastic from banana peels can be used in industry for various applications such as molding, packaging and making carry bags, at the same time rescuing the environment from potential harm by synthetic plastics.
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Rahim, Abdul, and Rustam Musta. "Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Tapioka Pada Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) Terhadap Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dan Karakterisasinya." IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis) 2, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol2.iss2.art4.
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Research on Biodegradable Plastic Characterization of Cassava Wastes (manihot esculenta) Substitution of Tapioca Flour. As Biodegradable Plastics Base Material. This study aims to determine the ratio of cassava starch to tapioca starch which produces the best biodegradable plastic which is then used for testing the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic film using 5% acetic acid. Comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour used is 1 : 1; 1 : 1,5; 1 : 2; 1 : 2,5; 1 : 3. The best plastics are obtained by comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour is 1 : 3. The characteristics of biodegradable plastics include physical characteristics consisting of thickness with value 0,273 mm, 0,286 mm, 0,413 mm, 0,280 mm, dan 0,510 mm. While the mechanical characteristics consist of tensile strength with value 0,22138 MPa, 2,10724 MPa, 0,78896 MPa, 3,25933 Mpa, dan 0,508 Mpa. Percent lengthening with value 42%, 32,8%, 55,6%, 20%, dan 31,6%. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the value of thickness, percent elongation, and tensile strength are influenced by the comparative formula used.Keywords: Biodegradable plastic, physical properties, mechanics, cassava starch, tapioca flour
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Kharb, Jyoteshna, and Ritu Saharan. "Sustainable Biodegradable Plastics and their Applications: A Mini Review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012008.
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Abstract Rising concern towards health and environmental menace caused by plastic wastes has fascinated scientists and chemists to find out greener and sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. The conventional plastics are produced from crude oil and fossil fuels and ever-increasing demand of plastics results in depletion of these natural resources. Moreover, due to non-biodegradable in nature they persist in environment for a long time. A novel, eco-friendly and sustainable substitute to the traditional petro based plastic is biodegradable plastic which can be obtained from renewable and biogenic raw materials such as biomass, starch, wood pulp and vegetable oils. The utilization of renewable sources, their similar applications as conventional plastics, biodegradability, nontoxic properties and high recyclability are the major advantages for the use of biodegradable plastics. They are used for a large variety of applications in various sectors such as, packing, textiles, consumer goods, agriculture and horticulture, automotive and transport, coatings and adhesives, construction, electrical and electronics, medical, food packaging etc. In this mini review various biodegradable plastics, their attainable properties and applications in a wide variety of fields are summarized.
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Agustina, Mistiyawati Eka, Lily Arlianti, and Ismi Nurlatifah. "Pemanfaatan Campuran Pati Singkong Dan Pati Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradasi." Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Teknik 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2024): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jimtek.v4i1.4801.
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Plastic waste is already polluting the environment both land and oceans, as plastic consumption continues to increase. Biodegradable plastics are an effort to reduce environmental pollution, biodegradation plastics are plastics made from natural materials usually biodegradable plastics made from natural starch. Cassava starch is the most widely used type of starch and is developed for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics, and sweet potatoes are tubers whose starch content is quite numerous even though it has not been widely developed into plastic material. This research aims to produce natural plastics that can replace conventional plastics and reduce environmental pollution due to plastic waste. The study was conducted with variations in the composition of starch mixtures (50:0 gr, 35:15 gr, 25:25 gr, 15:35 gr, 0:50 gr) and variations in drying temperatures (40°C, 50°C, 60°C).In this study carried out organoleptic test, thickness value test, water absorption value test and degradation test. The results of this study showed biodegradable plastics that have the best characteristics are in the variation of the composition of the mixture 50:0 gr at a drying temperature of 60°C, with a thickness value of 0.11 mm and a water absorption value of 36.5%, but the rate of degradation in this variation is very slow
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Pravitasari, Karina, Diana Vivanti Sigit, and Ernawati Ernawati. "Hubungan Pengetahuan Lingkungan Hidup dengan Perilaku Pemilihan Plastik Biodegradable pada Mahasiswa Biologi Universitas Negeri Jakarta." NUCLEUS 3, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/nuc.v3i2.1005.
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The use of plastics which tend to increase in turn can have a negative impact on the environment. Students as young people are required to overcome these problems. One solution is to implement the electoral behavior of biodegradable plastic. To election of biodegradable plastic, students needed environmental knowledge. This study aimed to determine the association between environmental knowledge with electoral behavior of biodegradable plastic students of Biology UNJ. This research was conducted at the Biology Education Studies Program and Biological Studies Program UNJ in November-December 2016. The research used descriptive method through correlational study. Sampling by technique sampling was done through simple random sampling technique with 79 students of Biology branch of 2014. Data showed in normal distribution and homogeneous. The regression model obtained was Y= 88,124 + 0,223X. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.223, which means there is a positive corelation between environmental knowledge and electoral behavior of biodegradable plastic in students of Biology UNJ. This research can provide guidance the students to use biodegradable plastics and protect the environment from the ravages of conventional plastics.
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M, Udayamathi, Bhavani Poojitha V, Harini B, Gowtham S.S., and Yuvaraj Dinakarkumar. "Degradable biopolymers from agro and food waste: potentials and challenges." New Environmentally-Friendly Materials 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55121/nefm.v2i2.83.
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The synthesis of biodegradable plastics from various biological resources has been receiving considerable interest in the past few years. The demand for petroleum-based plastics is increasing in day-to-day life. These plastics, in turn, are very hazardous since it is non-degradable and produced from harmful chemicals. Generally, disposing of solid waste is a great threat in highly populated countries like India. In particular, biodegradable waste from various sectors like agriculture, industries and domestic plays a major role in environmental threats and controlling such waste has been a great challenge to date. Hence, it is essential to give importance to waste management in various aspects which are having a greater impact on the environment. Such biologically treated waste has been found to have various organic materials from which biodegradable plastic can be synthesized. Biodegradable plastics are considered to be nature-friendly plastics synthesized from renewable biomass. The synthesis of biodegradable plastic from various biomaterials is the current and future technology in regulating the environmental threats caused by commercial plastics and waste being dumped in landfill. Hence, this review provides data about the importance of bio-based plastics from various biological waste resources and their applications in various fields.
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Jhon, Ricky, and Haryanto. "The Effect of The Addition of Chitosan and Calcium Silicate on The Characteristic of Bioplastics from Corn Starch." Research In Chemical Engineering (RiCE) 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/rice.v1i2.31.
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Plastic waste in Indonesia has an impact that has caused high levels of environmental pollution. The use of plastic in everyday life as a packaging continues to increase, causing plastic waste to increase day by day. Plastic waste derived from petroleum raw materials is difficult to decompose by microbes in the soil. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be degraded by microorganisms and are made from renewable materials. Research on the use of biodegradable plastic synthesis has been developed because it is environmentally friendly and renewable. Biodegradable plastic is an alternative material to replace conventional plastic packaging so as not to pollute the environment. Biodegradable plastic is made with natural polymers as the main ingredient so that it is easily digested by microorganisms. Corn starch is a waste from corn processing used by the food industry. The starch content in corn starch can be used to make biodegradable plastic. In this study, biodegradable plastic was synthesized from corn starch with chitosan and calcium silicate as filler and then glycerol as a plasticizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the variation of filler on the results of biodegradable plastics made. The characteristics of biodegradable were marked by the presence of Tensile Strength, Elongation and Biodegradibility tests according to SNI Standards. The highest Tensile Strength value was obtained for the Chitosan variation of 2.62 Mpa and for the Calcium Silicate Variation of 2.8 Mpa, then for the Elongation Value for the Chitosan and Calcium Silicate Variations in accordance with SNI standards, which was 10-40% and for the Biodegradability of Chitosan and Calcium Silicate Variations. Calcium Silicate about 35-40 days.
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Kamsiati, Elmi, Heny Herawati, and Endang Yuli Purwani. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS PATI SAGU DAN UBIKAYU DI INDONESIA / The Development Potential of Sago and Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Plastic in Indonesia." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 36, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p67-76.
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<p>Plastic is a packaging materials that are widely used but has an adverse impact on the environment because it is difficult to degrade in nature. Production technology of biodegradable plastics from natural resources that have characteristic environmentally friendly has developed. Starch-based biodegradable plastic is a widely developed type because the production process is simple and the raw materials more readily available. The starch of cassava and sago has potential as a raw material of biodegradable plastic because of the availability and its characteristic. Also, to make starch as the main ingredient, plasticizers and structural strengthening materials are required to produce biodegradable plastic with excellent characteristics. The production stages of biodegradable plastics include mixing, heating, and casting. The starch-based biodegradable plastic that can apply to an environmentally friendly packaging material has an excellent opportunity developed in Indonesia.</p><p>Keywords: Starch, sago, cassava, biodegradable plastics, production technology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Plastik merupakan bahan pengemas yang banyak digunakan namun berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan karena sulit terdegradasi di alam. Teknologi produksi plastik biodegradable atau bioplastik yang dibuat dari bahan alami dan ramah lingkungan sudah mulai dikembangkan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati relatif lebih mudah diproduksi dan bahan baku mudah diperoleh. Pati ubi kayu dan sagu memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku plastik biodegradable ditinjau dari ketersediaan dan karakteristiknya. Selain pati sebagai bahan utama, diperlukan pula plastisizer atau bahan pemlastis dan bahan penguat struktur untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradable dengan karakteristik yang baik. Tahapan produksinya meliputi pencampuran, pemanasan, dan pencetakan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengemas yang ramah lingkungan dan berpeluang besar dikembangkan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pati, sagu, ubi kayu, bioplastik, teknologi produksi</p>
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Modi, Ali Asghar, Rehmatullah Shahid, Muhammad Usman Saeed, and Tanzila Younas. "Hemp is the Future of Plastics." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3scconf/20185103002.
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Plastic is the world's most adaptable material. From bikes to food wraps and from jets to pencils, you can make anything and everything from plastics. With the infinite number of uses, plastic also have some devastating impacts on our planet. Most plastics produced today are made using petroleum-based compounds that release harmful gases into the atmosphere. Waste solutions are inefficient, and harmful by-products toxic our land, water and wildlife. Yet, consider the possibility that there was a way to deal with deliver the greater part of what we utilize causes a negative greenhouse impact, is sustainable and biodegradable and has just about an indistinguishable cost to our present techniques. Meet Hemp plastic, an only plastic that's 100% biodegradable in nature if produce by using only Hemp plant. Hemp plant consumes 4 times more carbon dioxide then other plants from atmosphere. The fiber we can produce from hemp is stronger than the conventional fiber we are using these days. This paper is intended to show numerous benefits of using hemp for the manufacturing of biodegradable plastic (HEMP PLASTIC) rather than conventional plastics.
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Modi, Ali Asghar, Rehmatullah Shahid, Muhammad Usman Saeed, and Tanzila Younas. "Hemp is the Future of Plastics." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185103002.
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Plastic is the world's most adaptable material. From bikes to food wraps and from jets to pencils, you can make anything and everything from plastics. With the infinite number of uses, plastic also have some devastating impacts on our planet. Most plastics produced today are made using petroleum-based compounds that release harmful gases into the atmosphere. Waste solutions are inefficient, and harmful by-products toxic our land, water and wildlife. Yet, consider the possibility that there was a way to deal with deliver the greater part of what we utilize causes a negative greenhouse impact, is sustainable and biodegradable and has just about an indistinguishable cost to our present techniques. Meet Hemp plastic, an only plastic that's 100% biodegradable in nature if produce by using only Hemp plant. Hemp plant consumes 4 times more carbon dioxide then other plants from atmosphere. The fiber we can produce from hemp is stronger than the conventional fiber we are using these days. This paper is intended to show numerous benefits of using hemp for the manufacturing of biodegradable plastic (HEMP PLASTIC) rather than conventional plastics.
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Chen, Hongzhe. "Biodegradable plastics in the marine environment: a potential source of risk?" Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 1, no. 3 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2022.11.
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The marine environment is facing the threat of increasing plastic pollution, especially from disposable plastics. Presently, governments worldwide are promoting policies to restrict or prohibit conventional plastics. As one hopeful alternative to conventional disposable/non-durable plastics, biodegradable plastics have attracted much attention and controversy in terms of their definition, environmental impact, and environmental significance, as they may be widely used. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the facts about biodegradable plastics, understand the current knowledge gaps, and identify promising fields of relevant research. This review briefly introduces some common biodegradable plastics, their mechanisms of biodegradation, indicators for the biodegradation process, and factors concerning biodegradability and summarizes studies on the biodegradation of biodegradable plastics in the marine environment. The lifespan of biodegradable plastics varies greatly due to their compositions/properties as well as significant differences in the marine environment. Then, the potential risks of biodegradable plastics, including the release of pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, degradation products, and additives), adsorption-desorption of pollutants (pesticide, etc.), and their impact on biomes and biogeochemical cycles are discussed, fully revealing their possible impacts on the marine environment. It is believed that, in addition to the waste of resources, a high abundance of microplastics, toxic leachates, and complex effects on habitats and the environment may also cause problems for the marine environment as a result of the widespread and inappropriate use of biodegradable plastics. Based on the discussion, some constructive suggestions on how to use biodegradable plastics reasonably and prudently in the future are put forward.
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Ravindra B. Malabadi, Kiran P. Kolkar, Raju K. Chalannavar, Reshanth Vassanthini, and Bhagyavana S. Mudigoudra. "Industrial Cannabis sativa: Hemp Plastic-Updates." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2102.
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This review paper updates the benefits of using hemp fibre for the production hemp plastic. Traditional fossil-fuel based plastic production emits massive levels of greenhouse gasses, and the material can take hundreds of years to break down. Traditionally, plastics are made from petroleum-based compounds, which release toxic gases into the atmosphere. Petroleum-based plastics and its by-product have a devastating effect on the land, water, and wildlife. Biodegradable plastics are produced using petro-chemicals just like conventional plastics except some additives are included in their manufacturing which helps them in there fast degradation. Hemp plastic is a type of biodegradable plastic made from hemp fibres, which has a sufficiently high cellulose concentration in manufacturing polymers. The resulting material is fully biodegradable and recyclable. It can then be processed into various products, including packaging, consumer goods, automotive parts, and more conventional plastics. Hemp plastic which is 100% biodegradable, can be a better alternative to synthetic plastic. Hemp plastic is also lightweight, with an impressively high density to weight ratio. This makes hemp plastic a potentially good material for making lightweight components in the car and aerospace industry. Conversely, hemp plastic helps to minimize the greenhouse effect. Hemp plastic offers great thermal, UV, and dimensional stability. Some types of hemp plastic are also resistant to flame. Hemp plastic is solely produced using the cellulose extracted from hemp plant and therefore, causes no toxicity during its production.
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Rusianto, Toto, Murni Yuniwati, and Hary Wibowo. "Effect Carrageenan to Biodegradable Plastic From Tubers." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.22975.
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Plastic waste can cause serious environmental problems. This can be overcome by various efforts; one of them is by replacing the use of conventional plastic with biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastic can be produced from tubers containing starch. The purpose of this study was to explain the suitability of two tuber species with typical protein quality and different starch structures. Starch was obtained from suweg tuber (Amorphophallus campanulatus) and ganyong (Canna edulis Ker). The material invested was obtained by dissolving 4 grams of each starch, each of which was dissolved with distilled water then added with various weight carrageenan. The tensile strength of biodegradable plastic was tested using tensile testing machines, biodegradation of soaked plastics using EM4 (Effective Microorganism) with reduced weight measurements, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) was used to identify the structure of compounds contained in biodegradable plastics. The tensile strength test results of biodegradable plastic from ganyong/canna tubers were 3.35 MPa with elongation of 13.51%, while the plastic from suweg tubers of 2.45 MPa with elongation was 13.68% on the addition of 5% carrageenan, respectively. Plastic degradation testing obtained plastic decomposition up to 100% in 37 days for ganyong and 34 days for suweg, respectively. It showed that the plastics was easily degraded. Identified by FTIR showed chemical structures of OH phenolic alcohols, C = O carbonyls, CO esters, NH amides and amines, and C≡C alkyne.
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V. Caraig, Renelle. "The usage of hen eggshell and water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) as biodegradable plastic." BOHR International Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcees.2023.01.
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Conventional plastics are deemed to be harmful to the health of the people, wildlife, and environment. Therefore,developing biodegradable plastics is needed because it is a better alternative to conventional plastics since theycan be broken down through natural processes. This study investigates the effectiveness of eggshells and waterhyacinth as one of the main components of biodegradable plastic. Three variations of biodegradable plastic weremade in this study, one with 70% eggshell and 30% water hyacinth; the second one has 30% eggshell and 70%water hyacinth; and finally, 50% eggshell and 50% water hyacinth was recommended due to its poor plasticproperty. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used for comparison. Experiments were conducted to test each ofthe biodegradable plastics’ durability, elasticity, ductility, and solubility. After analyzing the results, it suggests thatthere is a significant difference in durability, elasticity, and solubility but no significant difference in ductility. Theresults of this study also suggest that the biodegradable plastic with 30% eggshell and 70% water hyacinth hashigher durability and elasticity while decreasing its solubility in water. In contrast, bioplastic with 70% eggshell and30% water hyacinth has lower durability, elasticity, and higher ductility and solubility. Finally, the bioplastic with50% eggshell and 50% water hyacinth has the least durability and moderate elasticity, ductility, and solubility.
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Renelle, V. Caraig, B. Carido Ivan, Curato Marc Nathan, L. Mariquina Jarell, B. Russel Magnaye James, B. Datinguinoo Dianne, and B. Austria Carla Mei. "The Usage of Hen Eggshell and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Biodegradable Plastic." BOHR International Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcees.001.
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Conventional plastics are deemed to be harmful to the health of the people, wildlife, and environment. Therefore, developing biodegradable plastics is needed because it is a better alternative to conventional plastics since they can be broken down through natural processes. This study investigates the effectiveness of eggshells and water hyacinth as one of the main components of biodegradable plastic. Three variations of biodegradable plastic were made in this study, one with 70% eggshell and 30% water hyacinth; the second one has 30% eggshell and 70% water hyacinth; and finally, 50% eggshell and 50% water hyacinth was recommended due to its poor plastic property. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used for comparison. Experiments were conducted to test each of the biodegradable plastics’ durability, elasticity, ductility, and solubility. After analyzing the results, it suggests that there is a significant difference in durability, elasticity, and solubility but no significant difference in ductility. The results of this study also suggest that the biodegradable plastic with 30% eggshell and 70% water hyacinth has higher durability and elasticity while decreasing its solubility in water. In contrast, bioplastic with 70% eggshell and 30% water hyacinth has lower durability, elasticity, and higher ductility and solubility. Finally, the bioplastic with 50% eggshell and 50% water hyacinth has the least durability and moderate elasticity, ductility, and solubility.
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Ernita, Lia, Medyan Riza, and Syaubari Syaubari. "The Performance and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic from Tapioca Starch: Effect of Modified Chitosan." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 15, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v15i1.15441.
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The performance and characterization of biodegradable plastic from tapioca starch was studied. Modified the chitosan was one of the ingredients for produce the biodegradable plastics. The produced biodegradable polastic were thin sheet plastic, elastic and transparent. The biodegradable plastic performance had tensile strength between 2,26-3.73 Mpa, elongation ranges from 17.24 to 76.76%, and water absorption ranges from 30.81-268.9%. In antioxidant analyze, apples are wrapped in plastic and had significant mechanical properties changes on 8th day.Morphology scanning result showed that in the chitosan-polyNIPAM there were no cavities may caused high hydrophilicity in the biodegradable plastic.
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Naesa, Abeer, Reabal Mona, Ahmad Ibrahim Kara-Ali, and Hussam Eddin Laika. "Economic and environmental side of the use of biotechnologies Case Study: Synthesis of some bioplastics from algae." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 12, no. 42 (December 1, 2019): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2019-0011.
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Abstract Disposal of plastic waste is a serious problem, because plastics accumulate in the environment and cause significant pollution due to their degradability. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to reach the biodegradable plastics industry as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. And the existence of such biodegradable plastic must contribute in reducing the emission of harmful greenhouse gases and keeps the environment clean, and reduces the cost for pollution from the accumulation of plastic waste. Algae was used as a raw material for the production of bio-plastics because of its unique properties such as it grows rapidly and in large quantities at a low cost and grows in a variety of water environments throughout the year, which means that there is no risk in the difficulty of securing the raw materials needed for the production of bio-plastics The study concluded that the tested samples partially decomposed in fresh and alkaline water during a period of 26 days, which means a high dependence on algae to the production of bio plastics as an environmentally friendly industry.
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Mooney, Brian P. "The second green revolution? Production of plant-based biodegradable plastics." Biochemical Journal 418, no. 2 (February 11, 2009): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081769.
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Biodegradable plastics are those that can be completely degraded in landfills, composters or sewage treatment plants by the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms. Truly biodegradable plastics leave no toxic, visible or distinguishable residues following degradation. Their biodegradability contrasts sharply with most petroleum-based plastics, which are essentially indestructible in a biological context. Because of the ubiquitous use of petroleum-based plastics, their persistence in the environment and their fossil-fuel derivation, alternatives to these traditional plastics are being explored. Issues surrounding waste management of traditional and biodegradable polymers are discussed in the context of reducing environmental pressures and carbon footprints. The main thrust of the present review addresses the development of plant-based biodegradable polymers. Plants naturally produce numerous polymers, including rubber, starch, cellulose and storage proteins, all of which have been exploited for biodegradable plastic production. Bacterial bioreactors fed with renewable resources from plants – so-called ‘white biotechnology’ – have also been successful in producing biodegradable polymers. In addition to these methods of exploiting plant materials for biodegradable polymer production, the present review also addresses the advances in synthesizing novel polymers within transgenic plants, especially those in the polyhydroxyalkanoate class. Although there is a stigma associated with transgenic plants, especially food crops, plant-based biodegradable polymers, produced as value-added co-products, or, from marginal land (non-food), crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), have the potential to become viable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics and an environmentally benign and carbon-neutral source of polymers.
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Zulisma Anita, Fauzi Akbar, and Hamidah Harahap. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i2.1437.
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Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days.
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Belay, Mezigebu. "Review on Physicochemical Modification of Biodegradable Plastic: Focus on Agar and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (May 12, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4056020.
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Plastics materials which are used in our daily life especially for packaging applications are derived from petrochemicals. Though these plastic materials satisfy the required properties of packaging materials in terms of strength, water resistance, and durability, they are not biodegradable and stay in landfills for plenty of years. This causes serious environmental threat and pollution. Owing to this, biodegradable plastics have been emerged as an alternative to conventional plastics. However, most of the biodegrade plastics are dependent on forest reserves even some may affect food supply. Nevertheless, agar and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) neither causes deforestation nor affect the food stock. Though agar and PVA neither causes deforestation nor affect the food supply, they have high water absorption and a moderate tensile strength. This restricts the use of these polymers for applications. Researchers have used physicochemical modification methods to improve the properties of biodegradable polymers with due attention of agar and PVA. This review presents the basics of polymers, biodegradable polymers, chemistry of biodegradation, environmental impacts of biodegradable polymers, and the physicochemical modification of biodegradable polymers with a special focus of agar and PVA.
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Kumar Tiwari, Aadrsh, Manisha Gautam, and Hardesh K. Maurya. "RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADATION TECHNIQUES OF POLYMER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 414–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1389.
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Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the too much use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacity available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. This project reviews the biodegradation of biodegradable and also the conventional synthetic plastics, types of biodegradations of biodegradable polymers also use of a variety of “Recent development of biodegradation techniques” for the analysis of degradation in vitro.
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Juliet, Atere, Ogunmodede Oluwafemi, Adewumi Funmilayo, and Kolawole Sunday. "Preparation of Biodegradable Plastic Film from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Corn Starch." Material Science Research India 20, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/200205.
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Today's challenge is to produce a biodegradable materials for packing which can partially replace traditional plastic materials. Starch-based biodegradable plastics are less harmful to the environment and breakdown faster than regular plastics. The goal of this research was to produce and characterize a biodegradable film(BF) made from Sorghum bicolor (L.) starch and glycerol plasticizer. The produced film contained two amounts of Sorghum bicolor (L.) starch (5 g and 10 g) and three percentages of glycerol (25%, 30%, and 40%). The Sorghum bicolor (L.) and biodegradable glycerol-based plastic film had the lowest density, water absorption, and thickness swelling of 0.99 g cm-3, 55.72%, and 10.72%, respectively. The tensile strength is maximum at 9.97 MPa and and elongation obtained is 23.84%. The Sorghum bicolor (L.) starch and glycerol-based biodegradable film decomposed by 69.23% after biodegradability testing of one week.
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Edaes, Felipe Sanches, and Cleide Barbieri de Souza. "General Aspects of Biodegradable Biopolymers and the Polyhydroxyalkanoates' Family." Current Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (September 2021): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666211015144513.
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Background: Plastic polymers are ubiquitous, and life without them is practically impossible. Despite the advantages provided by the material, conventional plastics are also harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, the search for alternatives, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of biodegradable thermoplastic polyesters naturally produced by PHA-accumulating bacteria, such as Pseudomonas spp. and Ralstonia eutropha, through fermentative processes, is of paramount importance. Objectives: In the present work, the objective of the researchers was to develop a revisional study regarding biodegradable biopolymers and PHAs’ importance and benefits for society and the environment. Methods: In this review, articles published since the year 2000 related to the different aspects of biodegradable plastics and PHAs, were accurately analyzed and reviewed. The subjects covered ranged from conventional plastics and the problems related to their large-scale production and the importance of biodegradable plastics, as well as PHAs, their positive aspects, and the feasibility of their use as an alternative to replace conventional plastics. Those subjects were extensively reviewed and concisely discussed. Results and Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the importance of biodegradable plastics and PHAs’ family, its different application possibilities, and its viability as an alternative to replace conventional plastics, since it can mimic their characteristics efficiently, with the advantage of being biodegradable and produced from renewable sources.
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Saraswati, Endah, Intan Syahbanu, and Adhitiyawarman Adhitiyawarman. "The Effect of Taro Tuber Starch (Colocasia esculenta (L.) schott) Addition to Characteristic of Biodegradable Plastic with PVA Polymer and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Filler." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 24, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v24i1.33409.
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The preparation of biodegradable plastics based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-taro starch as an alternative to synthetic plastics has been conducted. The aim of this research was to identify the effect of taro starch composition on the production of biodegradable plastic and their characteristics in an aquatic environment. The solution casting method was used to produce biodegradable plastic. PVA was dissolved in hot distilled water, and taro starch (0; 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; and 3.5 g) was dissolved in another chamber filled with distilled water, glycerol and citric acid. Both solutions were mixed together and CaCO3 was then added. The mixture was casted on acrylic plates while biodegradable plastic without starch was used as a control. Characteristic of Biodegradable plastic and it’s properties were examined by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), water uptake, and moisture absorption test. While the biodegrability of the sample were tested in river water media in the laboratory. The results showed that the wave number at 1698-1712 cm-1, indicating that the cross-linking between PVA and the starch occured. Water uptake and moisture absorption tests showed that all of the biodegradable plastic varieties produced were hydrophilic. The biodegradation test showed that the largest degree of decomposition was reached by the PVA-starch 3.5 g variety which was 80.33%. Thus, the more starch on biodegradable plastic, the more biodegradation achieved.
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Ong, Ardvin Kester S., Elidad Rachel R. Martinez, Jun Angelo S. Padilla, Tracie Danice F. Robleza, Ma Janice J. Gumasing, and Jerry S. Parinas. "Tensile Strength and Flexibility Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic from Avocado (Persea Americana) Seed." Key Engineering Materials 955 (September 27, 2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vfri3b.
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The increased use of plastics has become a major environmental problem, especially during this pandemic. Plastics have generated many problems, particularly waste disposal, which made the researchers aimed to develop biodegradable plastic through fruit waste material, avocado seeds. From a total of 3 kilograms of the avocado seed, starch was extracted through the traditional starch extraction method. There were three groups with the same ingredients but differing in their concentration; the relationship between the proportion of the ingredients and their respective differences was seen by using ANOVA and Post hoc tests. The samples have undergone a tensile strength test following ASTM D882. From the results, the best experimental group was the group with 40 grams of starch, 20 grams of polyvinyl alcohol, and 10 grams of used cooking oil; however, it is different from the biodegradable plastic bags used as the control group. It could be deduced that it is possible to make biodegradable plastic out of Avocado seed starch that is biodegradable, water-soluble, and non-toxic. However, further analysis may be conducted to provide physical features as commercial plastics.
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Permana, Muhammad Aditya, Hary Widjajanti, and Dedi Rohendi. "Biodegradable Plastics: Biodegradation Percentage and Potential Microplastic Contamination in Seawater." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2023.7.2.74-79.
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Increasing plastic production, which causes the problem of plastic garbage polluting the oceans, has increased the use of biodegradable plastics to address the problem. However, it is still debatable how much microplastic contamination it can cause. So, this study aims to determine the proportion of biodegradable plastics in the marine environment, identify the microplastics it produces, and analyze the relationship between the two. Seawater sampling is located in the Bangka Strait. The research was conducted in the Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Sriwijaya University. The biodegradable plastic test material used was made from a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and starch. Biodegradation test method using standard ASTM D6691-17 with respirometry system design. The stage of microplastic identification is carried out through filtration with a 4.75 mm-size filter; density separation using ZnCl2 solution and Whatman No. 1 filter paper; as well as visual observation of microplastics under a microscope. last Pearson Correlation analysis with bootstrap to see the relationship of the percentage of biodegradation with microplastics. The results obtained in this study were the percentage of biodegradable plastic (26.5±1.4%) and positive control kraft paper (33.2±4.2%) for 70 days, which produced 9 microplastic particles from biodegradable plastic with fragment and film types. Correlation analysis concluded that there was no relationship between the percentage of biodegradation and the microplastics produced.
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Imaduddin, Fitrian, Palgunadi Sastra, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo, Putri Wullandari, and Ridwan Ridwan. "Effect of Holding Time and Temperature of Hot Pressing on Tensile Strength of Biodegradable Plastic Made of Carrageenan." Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika 21, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v21i2.64292.
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The most significant environmental problem was caused by plastic. One way to handle plastic waste was using biodegradable plastic because it faster decomposes naturally. Biodegradable plastic can be made from carrageenan by the hot press method. This method can make biodegradable plastic with large dimensions. However, the plastic quality depended on the holding time, temperature, and pressure selected during the hot pressing process. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the effect of holding time and temperature in the hot press process on the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic made from carrageenan. The composition of the biodegradable plastic material used was 35% carrageenan, 35% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 30% glycerol. In the manufacture of composites, the holding time was varied: 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes, as well as the process temperature varied from 100, 110, 120, and 130 °C. The tensile strength of the composite was observed through tensile testing using a Universal Testing Machine. FTIR, XRD, and SEM tests were also conducted to sharpen the analysis. The addition of holding time led to an increase in the tensile strength of biodegradable plastics. The highest tensile strength was obtained at a holding time of 30 minutes with a value of 4.45 MPa. After 30 minutes, the tensile strength of the biodegradable composite decreased. Meanwhile, the addition of process temperature caused a decrease in the tensile strength of biodegradable plastics. The highest tensile strength was obtained at a process temperature of 100 °C with a value of 5.28 MPa.
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K.P, Hasna, and Muhammadali Jauhar. "A REVIEW ON PREVALENCEOF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC IN CURRENT LIFE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 09–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15315.
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Plastics have become an integral part of our lives. The problem of conventional plastics istaking decades to degrade in nature. Plastic waste is increasing every year and the precise time needed for biodegradation is unknown. Environmental awareness has driven the development of new biodegradable materials, especially for single use plastic items. Synthetic plastics provide a range of utilities in the civilization of mankind, at the same time the accumulation of these nonbiodegradable plastic in the environment is a menacing drawback increasing day by day. So thatthe management of plastic waste is a worldwide concern and also a substitute for plastic has become essential to us.
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Watkin, Gord, Cheryl Mallen, and Craig Hyatt. "Management Perspectives on Plastics Free Sport Facilities’ Beverage Service." Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v11n1p1.
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Due to a global environmental issue where plastic waste gets into our water resources, this research identified management perspectives on the implications of moving to plastic-free beverage services at sport facilities. The focus encompassed implications of both eliminating plastics and the introduction of biodegradable alternatives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sampling of expert food and beverage managers employed at sport facilities with Canadian Hockey League tenants. Interview questions were developed using Transition Management Theory (Kemp, Parto & Gibson, 2015), Attitude-Behaviour-Gap (Jacobs et al., 2018), concepts of consumerism (Koskijoki, 1997), and the call for sustainability business models (Borgert et al., 2018). Using thematic analysis, this study accessed the nuanced understandings of plastics use and the implications of implementing biodegradable alternatives. Results revealed inconsistent environmental management strategies: that government mandates are key; that there is a lack of public pressure concerning plastic waste management pratices; that bioplastic options are overlooked; that seven barriers impact the use of plastic alternatives; and, that mitigation and management of plastic is not their management role. In conclusion, much work is needed to move towards eliminating plastics and the introduction of biodegradable alternatives at sport facility concessions.
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Sikora, Janusz, Łukasz Majewski, and Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties: Part I." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081986.
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This paper presents a characterization of a plastic extrusion process and the selected properties of three biodegradable plastic types, in comparison with LDPE (low-density polyethylene). The four plastics include: LDPE, commercial name Malen E FABS 23-D022; potato starch based plastic (TPS-P), BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C), BioComp®BF 01HP; and a polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA), BioComp®BF 7210. Plastic films with determined geometric parameters (thickness of the foil layer and width of the flattened foil sleeve) were produced from these materials (at individually defined processing temperatures), using blown film extrusion, by applying different extrusion screw speeds. The produced plastic films were tested to determine the geometrical features, MFR (melt flow rate), blow-up ratio, draw down ratio, mass flow rate, and exit velocity. The tests were complemented by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical structure analysis. It was found that the biodegradable films were extruded at higher rate and mass flow rate than LDPE; the lowest thermal stability was ascertained for the film samples extruded from TPS-C and TPS-P, and that all tested biodegradable plastics contained polyethylene.
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Sari, Layung, Endaruji Sedyadi, Irwan Nugraha, and Didik Krisdiyanto. "The Effect of Stocking Temperature on Biodegradable Plastic Characteristics of Suweg Tuber (Amorphophallus campanulatus) with Addition of Glycerol and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose)." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.87.
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Research that uses Suweg tubers as the basic material for making biodegradable plastics has been carried out.. This research aims to determine the effect of stirring temperature on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic. Suweg tuber starch preparation is done as the manufacture of biodegradable plastic. Manufacture of biodegradable plastics made by mixing suweg tuber starch, glycerol, and acetic acid, as well as the CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). The manufacture of biodegradable plastic is carried out in two stages, namely stirring temperature variations (80⁰C, 85⁰C, 90⁰C, and 95⁰C) and the addition of CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). Tests carried out include FTIR test, mechanical test and biodegradation test. FTIR test is carried out to determine the functional groups contained in plasticThe test of plastic mechanical properties was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of plastics, such as tensile strength, elongation, and thickness. Biodegradation tests are carried out on the ground to determine the level of plastic degradation while in the environment. The results showed that the effect of temperature affected the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic produced. Mechanical tests of stirring temperature variations with the addition of glycerol resulted in tensile strength, elongation, and thickness values of 80⁰C at 10.43 MPa; 2.08%; 85⁰C at 28.52 MPa; 1.60%, 90⁰C of 29.76 MPa; 2.18%, and 95⁰C of 32.49 MPa; 2.05%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found in temperature variations of 95⁰C, with a tensile strength of 32.49 MPa elongation 2.05%, and a thickness of 0.12 mm.. Mechanical properties test of temperature variation with the addition of glycerol and CMC resulted in the value of tensile strength, elongation, and temperature thickness of 80⁰C at 18.68 Mpa; 12.22%, 85⁰C equal to 14.69 MPa; 9.16%, 90⁰C of 16.71 MPa; 14.72%, 95⁰C of 13.94 MPa; 14.166%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found at 80⁰C temperature variations of 18.68 MPa, 12.22% elongation, 0.14 mm thickness. FTIR test, the biodegradable plastic produced, it is known that the plastic group produced is like CH, ester or ether. Plastic bio degradation test on soil, plastic with a temperature variation of 95⁰C has been degraded after 8 days, while plastic with the addition of CMC is degraded faster, for 7 days.
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Rodov, Victor, Ron Porat, Amit Sabag, Bettina Kochanek, and Haya Friedman. "Microperforated Compostable Packaging Extends Shelf Life of Ethylene-Treated Banana Fruit." Foods 11, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081086.
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Plastic packaging preserves the quality of ethylene-treated bananas by generating a beneficial modified atmosphere (MA). However, petroleum-based plastics cause environmental pollution, due to their slow decomposition. Biodegradable packaging may help resolve this controversy, provided it shows adequate preservation efficacy. In this study, we tested the compostable biodegradable polyester packaging of ethylene-treated bananas in comparison with commercially available petroleum-based plastic alternatives. When compostable packaging was used in a non-perforated form, it caused hypoxic fermentation, manifested as impaired ripening, off-flavor, and excessive softening. Micro-perforation prevented fermentation and allowed MA buildup. Furthermore, no water condensation was observed in the biodegradable packages, due to their somewhat higher water vapor permeability compared to conventional plastics. The fruit weight loss in biodegradable packaging was higher than in polypropylene, but 3–4-fold lower than in open containers. The control of senescence spotting was the major advantage of microperforated biodegradable packaging, combined with the preservation of acceptable fruit firmness and flavor, and low crown rot incidence. Optimal biodegradable packages extended the shelf life of bananas by four days compared with open containers, and by two days compared with the best commercial plastic package tested. Microperforated biodegradable packages combined the advantage of improved sustainability with superior fruit preservation.
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Iswendi, Iswendi, Iryani Iryani, Alpira Alpira, and Regi Fadila Putra. "Utilization of Cassava Processing Liquid Waste as Raw Material for Making Biodegradable Plastics with the Addition of Glycerol Plasticizer." EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis 2, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/eksakta.vol2.iss1.art10.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to utilize cassava processing liquid waste into biodegradable plastic with glycerol as a plasticizer. This experimental study varies the amount of glycerol: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) mL. The resulting biodegradable plastics were analyzed for physical properties consist of (water content and degree of swelling), mechanical properties consist of (tensile strength, elongation, elasticity), biodegradation, and structural properties. Fourier Transform Infra-Red and x-ray diffraction were employed for the studies. The results showed that the more glycerol added, the greater the percentage of water content and the degree of swelling were obtained. The optimum tensile of the biodegradable plastic was reached with 3 mL of glycerol, giving the strength of 27.49 N/mm2, elongation 0.107 N/mm2, elasticity 4.804 MPa. Biodegradable plastic with the addition of 5 mL of glycerol degraded up to 60.777%. The FTIR spectra showed almost the same peaks between plastics without the addition of glycerol and glycerol. Meanwhile, XRD data shows that the degree of crystallinity of plastic without glycerol is higher than that of plastic with the addition of glycerol.
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KUDO, Kenichi. "Starch-Based Biodegradable Plastics." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 30, no. 4 (1993): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.30.4_261.
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