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Journal articles on the topic 'Biodegradation of herbicides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Subba-Rao, Ravva V., Thomas H. Cromartie, and Reed A. Gray. "Methodology in Accelerated Biodegradation of Herbicides." Weed Technology 1, no. 4 (1987): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029869.

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Accelerated biodegradation of herbicides in soils can be demonstrated in the laboratory either by treating soil samples with a herbicide under conditions favorable for microbial growth or by sampling field soils soon after herbicidal treatment. Quantitative measurement of accelerated degradation of thiocarbamates in field soils is complicated by the difficulty both of obtaining a proper untreated soil and of obtaining a representative sample by proper mixing of treated soil. Both bacteria and fungi degrade thiocarbamate herbicides, and examples of either class of organisms can be isolated by s

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2

Harvey, R. Gordon, J. H. Dekker, Richard S. Fawcett, Fred W. Roeth, and Robert G. Wilson. "Enhanced Biodegradation of Herbicides in Soil and Effects on Weed Control." Weed Technology 1, no. 4 (1987): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029870.

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Research conducted since 1979 in the north central United States and southern Canada demonstrated that after repeated annual applications of the same thiocarbamate herbicide to the same field, control of some difficult-to-control weed species was reduced. Laboratory studies of herbicide degradation in soils from these fields indicated that these performance failures were due to more rapid or “enhanced” biodegradation of the thiocarbamate herbicides after repeated use with a shorter period during which effective herbicide levels remained in the soils. Weeds such as wild proso millet [Panicum mi

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3

Lawrence, Ernest G., Horace D. Skipper, Dewitt T. Gooden, Joseph P. Zublena, and James E. Struble. "Persistence of Carbamothioate Herbicides in Soils Pretreated with Butylate." Weed Science 38, no. 2 (1990): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056368.

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Field and laboratory studies were conducted to examine effects of prior butylate use on biodegradation of subsequent applications of butylate and four other carbamothioate herbicides. Bioassays were used to demonstrate reductions of butylate and EPTC activity in four soils preconditioned by annual butylate applications. Combining these herbicides with dietholate, an enzyme inhibitor, prolonged persistence and restored normal herbicidal activity. Expected herbicidal efficacy occurred in adjacent plots with no history of carbamothioate use. Prior applications of butylate resulted in cross-adapte

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4

Harvey, R. Gordon. "Biodegradation of Butylate, EPTC, and Extenders in Previously Treated Soils." Weed Science 38, no. 3 (1990): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056460.

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the ability of the extenders dietholate and SC-0058 to prevent enhanced biodegradation of EPTC and butylate applied to Wisconsin soils with different histories of carbamothioate herbicide use. Enhanced EPTC and butylate biodegradation occurred in soils previously treated with those herbicides. Enhanced biodegradation of dietholate occurred on soils previously treated with that extender plus either EPTC or butylate. Enhanced dietholate biodegradation was observed when applied alone or in combination with butylate or EPTC. Application with dietholat

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5

Mohamed, Afrah T., Adil A. El Hussein, Marmar A. El Siddig, and Awad G. Osman. "Degradation of Oxyfluorfen Herbicide by Soil Microorganisms Biodegradation of Herbicides." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 10, no. 3 (2011): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2011.274.279.

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6

Cantwell, John R., Rex A. Liebl, and Fred W. Slife. "Biodegradation Characteristics of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr." Weed Science 37, no. 6 (1989): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072891.

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The extent of14C-imazaquin and14C-imazethapyr abiotic vs. biotic degradation in soil was investigated. Degradation was measured in an in vitro system which allowed 90% recovery of applied herbicide. Triallate biodegradation is well documented and therefore used as a standard. Herbicide degradation was compared in two soils, a Cisne silt loam and a Drummer silty clay loam. Herbicide degradation in gamma-irradiated soil was compared to fresh soil. Biomass quantities were measured for the duration of the experiments.14CO2evolution, extractable parent, metabolites, and unextractable residue were m

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7

Harvey, R. Gordon, Gregory R. McNevin, John W. Albright, and Mary Ellen Kozak. "Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Control with Thiocarbamate Herbicides on Previously Treated Soils." Weed Science 34, no. 5 (1986): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067849.

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Efficacy of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate), butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], vernolate (S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate), and cycloate (S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate) applied with dichlormid (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), and the former three herbicides applied with dichlormid and dietholate (O,O-diethyl-O-phenol phosphorothioate) for wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. ssp.ruderale(Kitagawa) Tzevelev. # PANMI) control in corn (Zea maysL.) was evaluated in fields previously treated with EPTC + dichlormid or EPTC + dichlormid + dietholate. Cycloate +

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8

Gehrke, Vinicios Rafael, Marcus Vinicius Fipke, Luis Antonio de Avila, and Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo. "Understanding the Opportunities to Mitigate Carryover of Imidazolinone Herbicides in Lowland Rice." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040299.

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(1) Background: The Clearfield™ system (CL) is currently the primary tool for selective weedy-rice management in irrigated rice. However, herbicide persistence in the soil may cause damage to successive crops. Thus, it is necessary to understand agricultural practices that can favor the dissipation of these herbicides. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the persistence of imidazolinones and to use this information to provide management strategies to mitigate carryover in lowland rice. (2) Methods: A literature review was performed, and the publications were sele

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9

Basu, Sayantani, and Y. Vasudeva Rao. "Environmental Effects and Management Strategies of the Herbicides." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 6 (2020): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2069d.

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India has wide range of agro-climates and soil types and highly diverse agriculture farming systems with different types of weed problems. So, herbicides are the integrated part of the general cropping systems. In general, herbicides are formulated in such a way that they degrade from the environment after completion of their intended work, but a few of them persist in the environment and cause a serious hazard to the succeeding crop and also to the surrounding environments. Hence, a proper knowledge of herbicides is important to understand the management procedure, organization and hierarchy

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10

White, Graham F. "Multiple interactions in riverine biofilms - surfactant adsorption, bacterial attachment and biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (1995): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0015.

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Many organic pollutants, especially synthetic surfactants, adsorb onto solid surfaces in natural and engineered aquatic environments. Biofilm bacteria on such surfaces make major contributions to microbial heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper reviews evidence for multiple interactions between surfactants, biodegradative bacteria, and sediment-liquid interfaces. Biodegradable surfactants e.g. SDS, added to a river-water microcosm were rapidly adsorb to sediment surface and stimulated the indigenous bacteria to attach to the sediment particles. Recalcitrant

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11

Sene, Luciane, Attilio Converti, Geslaine Aparecida Ribeiro Secchi, and Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão. "New aspects on atrazine biodegradation." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 2 (2010): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000200030.

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The world practice of using agrochemicals for long periods, in an indiscriminated and abusive way, has been a concern of the authorities involved in public health and sustainability of the natural resources, as a consequence of environmental contamination. Agrochemicals refer to a broad range of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, and among them stands out atrazine, a herbicide intensively used in sugarcane, corn and sorghum cultures, among others. Researches have demonstrated that atrazine has toxic effects in algae, aquatic plants, aquatic insects, fishes and mammals. Due to the toxicit

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12

Rehan, Medhat. "Microbial Biodegradation of S-triazine Herbicides in Soil." JCRF 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17303/jcrf.2016.102.

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13

Бровко, Ірина Степанівна, Ірина Олександрівна Подгурська, Ярослав Васильович Чабанюк, and Олександр Олегович Кордунян. "Biodegradation of herbicides by strains of microorganisms-destructors." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (April 27, 2018): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2018.157824.

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14

Bravim, Nara Priscila Barbosa, Anatércia Ferreira Alves, and José Fábio França Orlanda. "Biodegradation of atrazine, glyphosate and pendimetaline employing fungal consortia." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (2020): e1549119679. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9679.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bioremediation of soils artificially contaminated with atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin by fungal consortia in biodegradation processes in microcosms. Biodegradation was evaluated from microbial respiration over a period of 15 days and genotoxicity analysis in Allium cepa roots exposed to elutriate samples at zero and 50 μg mL-1 concentrations of the herbicides after the biodegradation process. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, the Tukey test and the Fischer test (p<0.05%) for comparison of means. The Aspergillus

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15

El-Fantroussi, Said. "Enrichment and Molecular Characterization of a Bacterial Culture That Degrades Methoxy-Methyl Urea Herbicides and Their Aniline Derivatives." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (2000): 5110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5110-5115.2000.

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ABSTRACT Soil treated with linuron for more than 10 years showed high biodegradation activity towards methoxy-methyl urea herbicides. Untreated control soil samples taken from the same location did not express any linuron degradation activity, even after 40 days of incubation. Hence, the occurrence in the field of a microbiota having the capacity to degrade a specific herbicide was related to the long-term treatment of the soil. The enrichment culture isolated from treated soil showed specific degradation activity towards methoxy-methyl urea herbicides, such as linuron and metobromuron, while

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16

Stamper, David M., and Olli H. Tuovinen. "Biodegradation of the Acetanilide Herbicides Alachlor, Metolachlor, and Propachlor." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24, no. 1 (1998): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408419891294163.

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17

Schneiderheinze, J. M., D. W. Armstrong, and A. Berthod. "Plant and soil enantioselective biodegradation of racemic phenoxyalkanoic herbicides." Chirality 11, no. 4 (1999): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(1999)11:4<330::aid-chir12>3.0.co;2-g.

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18

Marriott, M. W., C. W. Smejkal, and H. M. Lappin-Scott. "Biodegradation of mixtures of chlorophenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides by Alcaligenes denitrificans." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, no. 5 (2000): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000066.

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19

Mahesh, Gajanuru Basappa, and Basavaraju Manu. "Biodegradation of ametryn and dicamba in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A case study." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 2 (2019): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.027.

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Abstract Agricultural runoff often contains persistent halogenated herbicide compounds like 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). These can enter the food chain through drinking water, causing serious effects for people and the environment. A sequential anaerobic reactor followed by an aerobic reactor was operated and investigated for herbicide removal efficiency at constant, three-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.2025 kg-COD/m3/d. The effect of the herbicides on anaerobic b

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20

WALKER, A., and S. J. WELCH. "Further studies of the enhanced biodegradation of some soil-applied herbicides." Weed Research 32, no. 1 (1992): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1992.tb01858.x.

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21

Nitschke, L., A. Wilk, W. Schüssler, G. Metzner, and G. Lind. "Biodegradation in laboratory activated sludge plants and aquatic toxicity of herbicides." Chemosphere 39, no. 13 (1999): 2313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00140-x.

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22

Zhang, Jun, Jin-Wei Zheng, Bin Liang, et al. "Biodegradation of Chloroacetamide Herbicides by Paracoccus sp. FLY-8 in Vitro." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 9 (2011): 4614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf104695g.

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23

Feakin, Stephanie J., E. Blackburn, and R. G. Burns. "Biodegradation of s-triazine herbicides at low concentrations in surface waters." Water Research 28, no. 11 (1994): 2289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90044-2.

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24

Bryndina, L. V., and O. V. Baklanova. "Restoration of Soil from Herbicide Pollution using Biochar from Sewage Sludge and Sawdust." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 6 (2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-6-32-37.

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The results of studies of the effect of biocoal (biochar) from sewage sludge and sawdust on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil treated with herbicides are presented. Biocoals were obtained by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 500 ° C. It was found that the combined bio-charms from sewage sludge and wood waste stimulate the vital activity of soil microorganisms, increasing their population days after 15 days by 13.5 times, increase the biodegradation of the herbicide in the soil by 5 times in comparison with the soil without biochar treatment. The introdu

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25

Wilms, Wiktoria, Marta Woźniak-Karczewska, Anna Syguda, et al. "Herbicidal Ionic Liquids: A Promising Future for Old Herbicides? Review on Synthesis, Toxicity, Biodegradation, and Efficacy Studies." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 39 (2020): 10456–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02894.

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26

Makut, M., and A. Bello. "Assessment of the Biodegradation of Herbicides by Bacteria Isolated from the Soil." Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajb2t/2018/42683.

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27

Cullington, John E., and Allan Walker. "Rapid biodegradation of diuron and other phenylurea herbicides by a soil bacterium." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31, no. 5 (1999): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00156-4.

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28

Celis, E., P. Elefsiniotis, and N. Singhal. "Biodegradation of agricultural herbicides in sequencing batch reactors under aerobic or anaerobic conditions." Water Research 42, no. 12 (2008): 3218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.008.

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29

Ouahiba, Bordjiba, Bekhouche Fatiha, and Steiman Régine. "Biodegradation capability of some species of fungi isolated from contamined soils towards herbicides." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.572.

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30

Memić, M., M. Vrtačnik, V. Vatrenjak-Velagić, and K. S. Wissiak Grm. "Comparative biodegradation studies of pre-emergence broadleaf and grass herbicides in aqueous medium." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 55, no. 2 (2005): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.08.004.

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31

Singh, Simranjeet, Vijay Kumar, Jatinder Pal Kaur Gill, et al. "Herbicide Glyphosate: Toxicity and Microbial Degradation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207519.

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Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields,

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32

Ni, Hai-yan, Fei Wang, Na Li, et al. "Pendimethalin Nitroreductase Is Responsible for the Initial Pendimethalin Degradation Step in Bacillus subtilis Y3." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 24 (2016): 7052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01771-16.

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ABSTRACTPendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide. Several fungi and bacteria have been reported to degrade pendimethalin, but the enzymes or genes involved in this process have not been characterized. Nitroreduction is the initial degradation and detoxification step for pendimethalin. In this study, a pendimethalin nitroreductase (PNR), responsible for the nitroreduction of pendimethalin, was purified from the pendimethalin-degrading strainBacillus subtilisY3. Based on a comparison of its mass fingerprints with all of the d

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33

Hinteregger, C., and F. Streichsbier. "Continuous biodegradation of phenoxyalkanoate herbicides bySphingomonas herbicidovorans MH in a PU-supplied bubble reactor." Acta Biotechnologica 19, no. 4 (1999): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190402.

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34

K., Nishimura, Yamamoto M., Nakagomi T., Takiguchi Y., Naganuma T., and Uzuka Y. "Biodegradation of triazine herbicides on polyvinylalcohol gel plates by the soil yeast Lipomyces starkeyi." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 58, no. 6 (2002): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0950-7.

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35

Kye-Heon Oh and Olli H. Tuovinen. "Biodegradation of the phenoxy herbicides MCPP and 2,4-D in fixed-film column reactors." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 33, no. 1 (1994): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(94)90057-4.

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36

Skipper, H. D., E. C. Murdock, D. T. Gooden, J. P. Zublena, and M. A. Amakiri. "Enhanced Herbicide Biodegradation in South Carolina Soils Previously Treated with Butylate." Weed Science 34, no. 4 (1986): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067424.

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Experiments were conducted to investigate enhanced biodegradation of carbamothioates and to evaluate the effect of microbial inhibitors on the efficacy of butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate), and vernolate (S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate) in soils that had received butylate treatment in previous years (butylate-history soils). Inhibitors used were fonofos (O-ethyl-S-phenylether phosphonodithioate) and R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenylphosphorothioate). R-33865 and fonofos significantly improved control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinal

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37

Zagorc-Koncan, Jana. "Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (1996): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0095.

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In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the u

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38

Rouchaud, Jean, Fabrice Gustin, Dany Callens, et al. "Herbicides metazachlor and propachlor soil biodegradation in cauliflower crops: Effects of the recent organic fertilizers." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 45, no. 3-4 (1994): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249409358077.

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39

Vèková, J., L. Pavlů, J. Vosáhlo, and J. Gabriel. "Biodegradation of herbicides bromoxynil, ioxynil and dichlobenil by Agrobacterium radiobacter cells immobilized in polysaccharide matrix." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 3-4 (1996): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)88300-4.

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40

Swissa, Nissim, Yeshayahu Nitzan, Yakov Langzam, and Rivka Cahan. "Atrazine biodegradation by a monoculture of Raoultella planticola isolated from a herbicides wastewater treatment facility." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 92 (August 2014): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.04.003.

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41

Pei, Xiaolin, Jiapao Wang, Wei Guo, Jiang Miao, and Anming Wang. "Efficient biodegradation of dihalogenated benzonitrile herbicides by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring nitrile hydratase-amidase pathway." Biochemical Engineering Journal 125 (September 2017): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.021.

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42

Tanaka, Y., H. Iwasaki, and S. Kitamori. "Biodegradation of herbicide chlornitrofen (CNP) and mutagenicity of its degradation products." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (1996): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0596.

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Chlornitrofen has been widely used as a diphenyl-ether-derived herbicide for the rice paddy fields. Thus, the present study was undertaken to see whether CNP and its degradation products are mutagenic, and how CNP can be degraded in the natural environment. The following results were obtained. (1) CNP was weakly mutagenic in a new test strain YG 1029 but not mutagenic in the other strains tested here, even in both strains TA 100 and TA 98 that are conventionally used as the most sensitive strains in the Ames test. CNP was a direct-acting mutagen that does not require a metabolic activation sys

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43

Magnoli, Karen, Cecilia Soledad Carranza, Melisa Eglé Aluffi, Carina Elizabeth Magnoli, and Carla Lorena Barberis. "Herbicides based on 2,4-D: its behavior in agricultural environments and microbial biodegradation aspects. A review." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 31 (2020): 38501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10370-6.

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44

Vroumsia, T. "Biodegradation of three substituted phenylurea herbicides (chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon) by soil fungi. A comparative study." Chemosphere 33, no. 10 (1996): 2045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00318-9.

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45

IBRAHIM, Amany G., and Lujin S. AL-GHAMDI. "Bioremediation of Phenol by Mutated and Immobilized Aspergillus and Penicillium Species." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 4 (2019): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11410581.

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Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates epoxies, bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs. In order to increase the biodegradation of phenol by fungi, fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus terreus), were isolated from different contaminated sites in Saudi Arabia such as Jeddah Governate, the second industrial city of Jeddah, some garbage collection places, gas stations and Red Sea), then screened for phenol degradation. For the first time in Saudi Arabia, biodegradation of phenol

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46

Mierzejewska, Elżbieta, Agnieszka Baran, Maciej Tankiewicz, and Magdalena Urbaniak. "Removal and Ecotoxicity of 2,4-D and MCPA in Microbial Cultures Enriched with Structurally-Similar Plant Secondary Metabolites." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071451.

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The removal of contaminants from the environment can be enhanced by interactions between structurally-related plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), selected xenobiotics and microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected PSMs (ferulic acid—FA; syringic acid—SA) on the removal of structurally-similar phenoxy herbicides (PHs): 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). The study also examines the biodegradation potential of soil bacteria, based on the occurrence of functional tdfA-like genes, and the ecotoxicity of the sam

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Gu, J. G., C. Qiao, and J. D. Gu. "Biodegradation of the Herbicides Atrazine, Cyanazine, and Dicamba by Methanogenic Enrichment Cultures from Selective Soils of China." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71, no. 5 (2003): 924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0221-z.

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Czarny, Jakub, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik, Andrzej Lewicki, et al. "The Toxic Effect of Herbicidal Ionic Liquids on Biogas-Producing Microbial Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060916.

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Abstract:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of herbicidal ionic liquids on the population changes of microorganisms used in a batch anaerobic digester. The influence of the following ionic liquids: benzalkonium (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate (BA)(2,4-D), benzalkonium (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate (BA)(MCPA), didecyldimethylammonium (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate (DDA)(2,4-D), didecyldimethylammonium (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate (DDA)(MCPA), as well as reference herbicides (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) in the form of sodium sa

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Travkin, V. M., A. P. Jadan, F. Briganti, A. Scozzafava, and L. A. Golovleva. "Characterization of an intradiol dioxygenase involved in the biodegradation of the chlorophenoxy herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T." FEBS Letters 407, no. 1 (1997): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00297-4.

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Toräng, Lars, Niels Nyholm, and Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen. "Shifts in Biodegradation Kinetics of the Herbicides MCPP and 2,4-D at Low Concentrations in Aerobic Aquifer Materials." Environmental Science & Technology 37, no. 14 (2003): 3095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026307a.

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