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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification"

1

Zagorc-Koncan, J., and M. Dular. "Evaluation of Toxicity in Receiving Streams." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0736.

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A laboratory river model for the study of self-purification inhibition in a stream containing toxic substances is presented. It enables an engineering - technological prediction of the impact of toxic substances or wastewaters on dissolved oxygen (DO) profile in an organically polluted river downstream from the point of entry of toxic effluent thus providing rapidly and inexpensively significant design information to an environmental scientist or engineer. The method was applied to the toxicity evaluation of wastewaters from electroplating industry. The effects of copper, cyanide (representing two significant constituents of this type of wastewaters) and wastewater from electroplating industry on the biodegradation of organic municipal pollution in receiving stream were evaluated experimentally.

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2

Rathour, Ranju K., Vaishali Sharma, Nidhi Rana, Ravi K. Bhatia, and Arvind K. Bhatt. "Bioremediation of Simulated Textile Effluent by an Efficient Bio-catalyst Purified from a Novel Pseudomonas fluorescence LiP-RL5." Current Chemical Biology 14, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796814666200406100247.

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Background: Microbial degradation of highly stable textile dyes, using lignin peroxidase, is an eco-friendly, less expensive and much advantageous in comparison to the chemical method. Objective: Biodegradation potential of lignin peroxidase (LiP), from Pseudomonas fluorescens LiP-RL5, was enhanced after optimization and purification so as to use it as a potential bioresource for the treatment of textile effluent. Methods: LiP producing bacterial isolate was primarily screened by methylene blue assay followed by LiP assay. The standard protocol was used for purification of lignin peroxidase and purified LiP was finally used for degradation of textile dyes. Results: 57 bacterial isolates were screened for lignin peroxidase activity. Isolate LiP-RL5 showed maximum activity (19.8 ±0.33 %) in terms of methylene blue reduction in comparison to others. Biochemical and molecular characterization of LiP-RL5 showed 99 % similarity with P. fluorescens. Lignin peroxidase activity was increased by 50 % after optimization of cultural conditions. Maximum enhancement in the activity was achieved when peptone was used as a nitrogen source. LiP from P. fluorescens LiP-RL5 was further purified up to 2 folds. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a single protein band of approximately 40 kDa. Enzyme also showed high catalytic efficiency with Km= 6.94 mM and Vmax= 78.74 μmol/ml/min. Purified enzyme was able to decolorize the simulated textile effluent up to 45.05 ±0.28 % after 40 minutes. Conclusion: : High catalytic efficiency of purified LiP from P. fluorescens LiP-RL5 suggests its utility as a potential candidate for biodegradation of toxic dyes in the industrial effluent, which could be successfully utilized for wastewater treatment at commercial level.

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Herzog, Bastian, Hilde Lemmer, Brigitte Helmreich, Harald Horn, and Elisabeth Müller. "Monitoring benzotriazoles: a 1 year study on concentrations and removal efficiencies in three different wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.766.

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Benzotriazole (BTri), 4- and 5-tolyltriazole (4-TTri, 5-TTri) were monitored over 1 year in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with a membrane bioreactor (MBR-MH) and two conventional activated sludge systems (CAS-E, CAS-M). The influent/effluent concentrations and treatment stages removal efficiencies were monitored. 5-TTri was removed best (mean removal 80%) in the WWTP mainly by biodegradation followed by BTri (mean removal 45%) and 4-TTri (mean removal 15%) that showed a significant lower elimination. High removal fluctuations for all three benzotriazoles occurred over the four seasons with lowest removal during winter. All three WWTPs constituted a point source for BTs in the aquatic environment as concentration measurements in the receiving rivers upstream and downstream of the WWTP proved. While MBR-MH and CAS-M significantly increased the downstream concentrations, CAS-E only slightly increased the downstream concentrations as the receiving river was already contaminated with benzotriazoles from hydropower. 5-TTri was detected in lowest concentrations due to its good removal compared to BTri and 4-TTri that contribute to high effluent concentrations with the potential to accumulate due to insufficient self-purification.

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Bryndina, Larisa, and Anna Korchagina. "INFLUENCE OF WASTEWATER POLLUTION ON BIOCENOSIS OF ACTIVE Sludge." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.3/2.

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Wastewater from agro-industrial complexes is rich in organic components. Biological method is considered to be the most universal for their purification. It provides a high rate of biodegradation of pollution. But due to the high concentration of incoming pollutants, activated sludge microbiome can reduce its cleaning ability. High aeration rate is required for the effective decomposition of such compounds, since aerobic microorganisms predominate in the activated sludge. Under real conditions, the time for the oxidation of these substances by microbial communities is often insufficient. This imbalance between incoming organic matter and oxidized activated sludge microbiota leads to the growth of filamentous bacteria, which is one of the reasons of activated sludge swelling. The influence of high concentrations of pollutants in wastewater on a consortium of microorganisms of activated sludge was investigated to eliminate this negative factor. Physical and chemical composition of the wastewater was carried out according to standard methods. The composition of the activated sludge bacteriocenosis and pig intestine microbiome were determined by standard methods of inoculation in liquid and solid nutrient media. A correlation between the decrease in the concentration of pollutants and regeneration of activated sludge biocenosis has been established. A 59.8% decrease in the overall level of COD contamination of source effluents led to an increase in the number of flocculating microorganisms by 41.7%. Deep destruction of amine nitrogen (99%) and phosphorus (71.4%) was observed due to the activation of heterotrophic microorganisms.

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Xu, Feng, Jin Chuan Gu, and Jin Bao. "Research for Biodegradation and Bioaugmentation of Drilling Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.226.

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The paper studied the degradation rate of single strain, the microorganisms agent compatibility and the bioaugmentation effects of the activated sludge system. The results showed that 10 strains screened from drilling site were able to degrade drilling wastewater. Confirm the optimal ratio of strains’ compatibility through orthogonal experiment. In augmented experiments, it showed that in the control SBR system with the COD of the effluent was in three different average levels (with two load shock), the COD degradation rates were 21.4%, 22.8% and 6.9%. In the augmented system treated with the same effluent, the degradation rates of augmented system were 64.8%, 62.78% and 66.9% respectively. It showed that the activated sludge was augmented by the mixed cultures which made the system to be more stable and improve impact resistance.

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Gotvajn, A. Žgajnar, and J. Zagorc-Končan. "Hazard identification of pharmaceutical wastewaters using biodegradability studies." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0574.

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A reliable wastewater characterization is an integral part of treatment and management strategies for industrial effluents. This is especially true for the pharmaceutical industry, which exhibits significant differences in its line of activity, generating effluents of very specific and complex natures. Any hazard or risk assessment of wastewater and/or determination of its treatability must include an evaluation of its degradability. Usually various non-standardized laboratory or pilot-scale long-term tests are run by measuring summary parameters for several days to determine the biodegradation potential of the effluent. A complex approach, based on stabilization studies, was proposed to determine the hazardous impact of wastewaters in terms of biodegradable and persistent toxicity. The objective of our work was to carry out complex hazard evaluation of pharmaceutical wastewaters. Whole effluent toxicity was determined using two different toxicity tests. First, we measured the inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge. The test indicated toxicity of the wastewater and thus we performed an additional acute toxicity test with luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri. The next step was the determination of whole effluent ready biodegradability. It was determined with simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption (ISO 9804) and carbon dioxide production (ISO 9439) in a closed respirometer, accompanied by DOC/IC measurements. The pharmaceutical wastewater degraded readily (83%, lag phase was 2 days, biodegradation rate was 0.339 day−1) on the basis of O2 measurements. The biodegradation, calculated from the CO2 measurements, was comparable. We also applied mass balances of DOC/IC at the beginning and at the end of biodegradation experiments to confirm the extent and rate of biodegradation. The determination of hazardous impact and treatability of the effluent was concluded with aerobic stabilization studies. Biodegradation of the wastewater during the study was followed by relevant biochemical analysis and DOC/IC mass balance.

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Tong, Kun, Guodong Ji, Fan Nie, Mingdong Zhang, Wen Ren, and Shuixiang Xie. "Enhanced removal of organic pollutants from super heavy oil wastewater using specially modified lignite activated coke." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 6 (2020): 1606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00033g.

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Lignite activated coke (LAC) has been modified in situ by adsorbing the biodegradation effluent of super heavy oil wastewater (SHOW) to extract organic pollutants from raw SHOW before biodegradation is investigated.

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8

Percherancier, Hélène, Bernadette Volat, and Bernard Montuelle. "Testing the biodegradability of wastewater treatment plant outfalls: role of bacterial inocula." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0100.

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A simple procedure of batch experiments is described allowing the determination of the Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) content of different effluent outfalls from wastewater treatment plants. The bioassay is based on the DOC reduction of treated wastewater samples inoculated with natural consortia of bacteria taken from river sediments or aquarium filters. This test allows routine determination of BDOC within a short period of time (less than 8 days). BDOC represents a still significant proportion of the treated effluent DOC: from 50% to about 70%, depending on the effluent. The origin of bacterial inocula have no influence on these proportions, but are the main parameter for the rate of biodegradation. Testing the biodegradability at 10°C and 20°C appears to be significant as it influences biodegradation processes and must be done for a complete ecological evaluation of the biodegradability of wastewater treatment plant effluents.

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9

Zagorc-Koncan, J., and M. Dular. "Evaluation of biodegradation kinetics of organic wastewater in a laboratory river model." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 10 (November 1, 1994): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0532.

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A laboratory river model for the study of biodegradation kinetics of organic pollution in surface waters is presented. It enables an engineering - technological prediction of the impact of wastewater biodegradation on DO and TOC profile in a river downstream from the point of entry of wastewater effluent thus providing rapidly and inexpensively significant design information to an environmental scientist or engineer. The method was applied to the determination of degradation of pharmaceutical wastewaters. Biodegradation during adaptation and a comparative study on organic constituents, biodegradation rates in polluted and unpolluted river waters were simulated.

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10

Dhall, Purnima, Rita Kumar, and Anil Kumar. "Biodegradation of Sewage Wastewater Using Autochthonous Bacteria." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/861903.

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The performance of isolated designed consortia comprisingBacillus pumilus, Brevibacterium sp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosafor the treatment of sewage wastewater in terms of reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids), and TSS (total suspended solids) was studied. Different parameters were optimized (inoculum size, agitation, and temperature) to achieve effective results in less period of time. The results obtained indicated that consortium in the ratio of 1 : 2 (effluent : biomass) at 200 rpm, 35°C is capable of effectively reducing the pollutional load of the sewage wastewaters, in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, and MLSS within the desired discharge limits, that is, 32 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 162 mg/L, and 190 mg/L. The use of such specific consortia can overcome the inefficiencies of the conventional biological treatment facilities currently operational in sewage treatment plants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification"

1

Ye, Zhi Hong. "Heavy metal tolerance, uptake and accumulation in populations of Typha latifolia L. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) trin ex. streudel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319446.

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Malandra, Lida 1975. "Biodegradation of winery wastewater." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16385.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Large volumes of wastewater are generated annually during the grape harvest season from various processing and cleaning operations at wineries, distilleries and other wine-related industries. South African regulatory bodies dictate that wastewater should have a pH of 5.5 to 7.5 and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) lower than 75 mg/L. However, winery wastewater has a typical pH of 4 to 5 and a COD varying between 2 000 and 12 000 mg/L. Urban wineries channel the wastewater to local sewage treatment facilities and are often heavily fined for exceeding governmental requirements. Rural wineries usually have little or no treatment operations for their wastewater and it is often irrigated onto crops, which may result in environmental pollution and contamination of underground water resources. Various criteria are important in choosing a wastewater treatment system, such as an ecofriendly process that is flexible to withstand various concentration loads and characteristics, requiring low capital and operating costs, minimal personal attention and do not require too much land. In this study, a large variation in COD, pH and chemical composition of the winery wastewater was observed that could be related to varying factors such as the harvest load, operational procedures and grape variety. Wastewater from destemming and pressing operations contained higher concentrations of glucose, fructose and malic acid, which originated from the grape berries. The fermentable sugars (glucose and fructose) contributed to almost half of the COD with a smaller contribution from ethanol and acetic acid. The low pH can be ascribed to relative high concentrations of organic acids in the wastewater. The efficacy of biological treatment systems depends strongly on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilm communities that are able to degrade the organic compounds in the wastewater. Preliminary identification of microorganisms that naturally occur in winery wastewater indicated the presence of various bacterial and yeast species that could be effective in the biological treatment of the wastewater. When evaluated as pure cultures under aerobic conditions, some of the yeast isolates effectively reduced the COD of a synthetic wastewater, whereas the bacterial isolates were ineffective. The most effective yeast isolates were identified as Pichia rhodanensis, Kloeckera apiculata, Candida krusei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our search for cost-effective biological treatment systems led to the evaluation of a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) for the treatment of winery wastewater. The RBC was evaluated on a laboratory scale with 10% (v/v) diluted grape juice and inoculated with a mixed microbial community isolated from winery wastewater. The results showed a reduction in the COD that improved with an extended retention time. Evaluation of the RBC on-site at a local winery during the harvest season resulted on average in a 41% decrease in COD and an increase of 0,75 pH units. RFLP analysis of the biofilm communities within the RBC confirmed a population shift in both the bacterial and fungal species during the evaluation period. The most dominant yeast isolates were identified with 18S rDNA sequencing as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida intermedia, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia membranifaciens. All these species are naturally associated with grapes and/or water and with the exception of Hanseniaspora uvarum, they are able to form either simple or elaborate pseudohyphae.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groot hoeveelhede afloopwater word jaarliks gedurende die druiwe-oestyd deur verskeie prosessering- en skoonmaakoperasies deur wynkelders, distilleer- en ander wynverwante industrieë gegenereer. Suid-Afrikaanse beheerliggame vereis dat afloopwater ‘n pH van 5.5 tot 7.5 en ‘n chemiese suurstofbehoefte (COD) van minder as 75 mg/l moet hê. Kelderafloopwater het egter gewoonlik ‘n pH van 4 tot 5 en ‘n COD van 2 000 tot 12 000 mg/L. Stedelike wynkelders voer die afloopwater na ń plaaslike rioolsuiweringsaanleg wat dikwels tot swaar boetes vir oortreding van die wetlike vereistes lei. Plattelandse wynkelders het gewoonlik min of geen behandelingsprosesse vir hul afloopwater nie en gebruik die water dikwels vir gewasbesproeiing, wat tot omgewingsbesoedeling en kontaminasie van ondergrondse waterbronne kan lei. Verskeie kriteria is belangrik in die keuse van ‘n waterbehandelingstelsel, byvoorbeeld ‘n omgewingsvriendelike proses wat verskillende konsentrasieladings en samestellings kan hanteer, ‘n lae kapitaal- en bedryfskoste en minimale persoonlike aandag vereis en min ruimte benodig. Hierdie studie het getoon dat kelderafloopwater ‘n groot variasie in COD, pH en chemiese samestelling het wat met wisselende faktore soos die oeslading, operasionele prosesse en selfs die druifkultivar verband kan hou. Afloopwater van ontstingeling- en parsoperasies het hoër konsentrasies glukose, fruktose en appelsuur wat van die druiwekorrels afkomstig is. Die fermenteerbare suikers (glukose en fruktose) dra tot amper 50% van die COD by, met ‘n kleiner bydrae deur etanol en asynsuur. Die lae pH kan grootliks aan organiese sure in die afloopwater toegeskryf word. Die effektiwiteit van biologiese behandelingstelsels steun sterk op die vermoë van mikroorganismes om biofilmgemeenskappe te vorm wat die organiese verbindings in die afloopwater kan afbreek. Voorlopige identifikasie van mikro-organismes wat natuurlik in wynafloopwater voorkom, het die teenwoordigheid van verskeie bakteriese en gisspesies aangedui. Evaluering van hierdie isolate onder aërobiese toestande het getoon dat sommige van die gis-isolate die COD van ‘n sintetiese afloopwater effektief kon verlaag, terwyl die bakteriese isolate oneffektief was. Die mees effektiewe gis-isolate is as Pichia rhodanensis, Kloeckera apiculata, Candida krusei en Saccharomyces cerevisiae geïdentifiseer. Ons soektog na ‘n koste-effektiewe biologiese behandelingsisteem het tot die evaluering van ‘n ‘Rotating Biological Contactor’ (RBC) vir die behandeling van afloopwater gelei. Die RBC is op laboratoriumskaal met 10% (v/v) verdunde druiwesap geëvalueer en met ‘n gemengde mikrobiese gemeenskap wat uit afloopwater geïsoleer is, innokuleer. Die resultate het ‘n verlaging in die COD getoon wat met ‘n langer retensietyd verbeter het. Evaluering van die RBC by ‘n plaaslike wynkelder gedurende die oesseisoen het gemiddeld ‘n verlaging van 41% in die COD en ‘n verhoging van 0,75 pH eenhede getoon. RPLP analise van die biofilmgemeenskappe in die RBC het ‘n bevolkingsverskuiwing in beide die bakteriese en swamspesies aangetoon. Die mees dominante gisspesies is met 18S rDNA volgordebepaling as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida intermedia, Hanseniaspora uvarum en Pichia membranifaciens geïdentifiseer. Al hierdie spesies word gewoonlik met druiwe en/of water geassosieer en is, met die uitsondering van Hanseniaspora uvarum, in staat om òf eenvoudige òf komplekse pseudohife te vorm.

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Alvares, A. Brenda C. "Ozone pretreatment to improve the biodegradation of recalcitrant textile azo dyes during wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391572.

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Akinpelu, Enoch Akinbiyi. "Thermodynamic study of the biodegradation of cyanide in wastewater." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2554.

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Thesis (DTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The high rate of industrialisation in most developing countries has brought about challenges of wastewater management especially in the mineral processing industry. Cyanide has been used in base metal extraction processes due to its lixiviant properties thus, its presence in wastewater generated is inevitable. Furthermore, partial and/or the use of unsuitable treatment methods for such wastewater is a potential hazard to both human and the environment. There are several reports on biotechnological treatments of cyanide containing wastewater but few mineral processing industries have adopted this approach. Hence, the thermodynamic study of biodegradation of cyanide containing wastewater was undertaken. The primary aim of this study was to explore the application of bioenergetic models and biological stoichiometry to determine the functionality and thermodynamic requirements for cyanide degrading isolate (Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02), grown exclusively on Beta vulgaris, for a system designed for the bioremediation of cyanidation wastewater. Chapter 2 reviews some of the applicable thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, heat of combustion, heat capacity, Gibbs energy, including stoichiometry models in relation to their applicability for microbial proliferation in cyanidation wastewater. The chapter places emphasis on the application of agro-industrial waste as a suitable replacement for refined carbon sources for microbial proliferation in bioremediation systems because such systems are environmentally benign. The choice of using agro-industrial waste is due to organic waste properties, i.e. agro-industrial waste is rich in nutrients and is generated in large quantities. Chapter 3 presents the materials and various standardised methods used to address the research gaps identified in chapter 2. For an organism to degrade free cyanide in wastewater, it must be able to survive and perform its primary function in the presence of such a toxicant. Chapter 4 exemplifies both molecular and biochemical characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02 isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays contaminated with a cyanide based pesticide. The molecular analyses confirmed the fungal isolate to be Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02 and the nucleotide sequence of the isolates were deposited with National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession numbers KU985430 and KU985431. The biochemical analyses revealed a wide substrate utilisation mechanism of the isolate dominated by aminopeptidase including nitrate assimilation capabilities. A preliminary investigation showed free cyanide degradation efficiency of 77.6% (100 mg CN-/L) after 5 days by the isolate. The excess production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was attributed to the isolates’ strive to protect itself from cyanide toxicity.

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Dahl, O. (Olli). "Evaporation of acidic effluent from kraft pulp bleaching, reuse of the condensate and further processing of the concentrate." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514252098.

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Abstract Environmental concern and tighter public regulations have created new pressures to reduce effluent loading from kraft pulp bleaching during the past decades. This trend has forced both pulp mills and the related engineering industries to develop and optimise equipment for the pulping processes which fulfils these demands. New pulp washers and washing systems connected with the introduction of new oxygen-based reagents have in particular provided considerably improved tools for reusing process water and thereby essentially reducing effluent discharge or even allowing the implementation of a totally closed water circulation system in kraft pulp bleaching. This study was performed mainly on a laboratory scale at the University of Oulu, but some pilot-scale tests were also performed to confirm the findings of the laboratory-scale evaporation test. Another aim of the pilot-scale tests was to produce enough concentrate for further processing. Conditions were strictly controlled in all the experiments in order to ensure that conclusions could be reached regarding the phenomena examined. The results reported here indicate that the amounts of transition metal ions such as iron, copper or manganese in the process water or water to be recirculated should be kept as low as possible during chlorine dioxide or peracetic acid bleaching, as even a small amount (<<5 ppm) markedly reduced pulp quality and increased reagent consumption. The results also show that evaporation can be used as a method for purifying acidic effluent from both chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid bleaching, and that the resulting condensates were free of transition metals and clean enough for reuse in both bleaching processes. The purity of the condensates was further improved by neutralising the feed pH of the acidic effluents from the bleach plant before evaporation. The results also indicate that the chloride ions in the concentrate arising from evaporation of the acidic effluent from chlorine dioxide bleaching can be removed by a combined acidification/re-evaporation system.

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Duncan, Carla S. "Wastewater renovation with soil depth as influenced by additional treatment of septic tank effluent." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020406/.

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Van, Schalkwyk Antoinette. "Characterization and engineering of Bacillus megaterium AS-35, for use in biodegradation of processed olive wastewater." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The popularization and health benefits associated with the &ldquo
Mediterranean diet&rdquo
saw a world wide increase in the production and consumption of processed olives and olive oil. During the brining of table olives large quantities of processed olive waste water is seasonally generated. This blackish-brown, malodours liquid is rich in organic and phenolic compounds, which cause environmental problems upon discarding. Currently, processed wastewater is discarded into large evaporation ponds where it poses serious environmental risks. The biodegradation of organic substrates present in the olive wastewater is inhibited by the high concentrations of phenolic compounds. In order to identify organisms which could potentially be used in the bioremediation of olive wastewater, 36 microbial strains were isolated from evaporation ponds in the Boland region of South Africa. Twenty five isolates were capable of growth on 50% olive wastewater and their bioremediation potential as well as their ability to produce valuable intermediate compounds were subsequently characterized. Based on the RPHPLC results, which showed that a number of chemical intermediates were produced in fermentation of olive wastewater, isolate AS-35 was selected for further analysis. Strain AS-35, identified as a Bacillus megaterium, was significantly influenced by the exposure to olive waste. The total cellular protein profile, generation time and cellular morphology of this isolate were dramatically affected by the introduction of olive waste. This study investigated the differential gene display of Bacillus megaterium following exposure to olive wastewater. Proteomic and transcriptomic differences of the organism cultured in nutrient rich LB and olive wastewater were compared. These results indicated that AS-35 expressed genes involved in glycolysis, tryptophan and nucleotide synthesis as well as the chaperones GroEL and DnaK during its growth in LB. In contrast, genes induced following the abolishment of glucose dependent catabolite repression, genes involved in biotin synthesis and ß
-oxidation of fatty or organic acids as well as a gene whose expression is regulated by stress induced sB-dependent regulon were expressed during olive waste growth.

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Hanna, K. Michael. "Effects of hydraulic loading and laundry detergent on the operation of aerobic package treatment systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040614/.

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Mekuto, Lukhanyo. "A mixed microbial community for the treatment of free cyanide and Thiocyanate containing wastewater." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2555.

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Thesis (DTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Industrial wastewater management pertaining to the mining industry has become increasingly stringent, with companies being required to develop environmentally benign wastewater management practices worldwide. The industries that utilise cyanide compounds for the recovery of precious and base metals in a process known as the cyanidation process, have contributed substantially to environmental deterioration and potable water reserve contamination due to the discharge of poorly treated, or untreated, cyanide containing wastewater. Hence, a biotechnological approach was undertaken in this study to remediate free cyanide (CN-) and thiocyanate (SCN-), which are the major chemical contaminants which are normally found in cyanidation wastewaters. Furthermore, this biotechnological approach was investigated to understand the fundamental aspects of using this approach such that the information gathered can be utilized in pilot plant studies. Therefore, bioprospecting of potential CN- and SCN--degrading organisms was undertaken using two approaches; (i) culture-dependent approach and (ii) culture-independent approach. Using the culture-dependent approach, Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03, Exiguobacterium acetylicum and Bacillus marisflavi were isolated from an oil spill site and river sediment samples, respectively. STK 03 was evaluated for the biodegradation of CN- and SCN- under alkaline conditions. The organism had a CN- degradation efficiency of 80% and 32% from an initial concentration of 250 and 450 mg CN-/L, respectively. Additionally, the organism was able to degrade SCN-, achieving a degradation efficiency of 78% and 98% from non- and CN- spiked cultures, respectively. Furthermore, the organism was capable of heterotrophic nitrification but was unable to denitrify aerobically, with the autotrophic degradation of CN- by STK 03 being abortive.

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Osode, Augustina Nwabuje. "Assessment of the prevalence of virulent Eschericia coli strains in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001062.

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common inhabitant of surface waters in the developed and developing worlds. The majority of E. coli cells present in water are not particularly pathogenic to humans; however, there are some present in small proportion that possess virulence genes that allow them to colonize the digestive tract. Pathogenic E. coli causes acute and chronic diarrheal diseases, especially among children in developing countries and in travelers in these locales. The present study, conducted between August 2007 and July 2008, investigated the prevalence and distribution of virulent E. coli strains as either free or attached cells in the final effluents of three wastewater treatment plants located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and its impact on the physico-chemical quality of the receiving water body. The wastewater treatment plants are located in urban (East Bank Reclamation Works, East London), peri-urban (Dimbaza Sewage Treatment Works) and in rural area (Alice Sewage Treatment Works). The effluent quality of the treatment plants were acceptable with respect to pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0 °C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/ L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/l). The other xii physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L); chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L); electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm) and Turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). Results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. Presumptive E. coli was isolated from the effluent samples by culture-based methods and confirmed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Antibiogram assay was also carried out using standard in vitro methods on Mueller Hinton agar. The viable counts of presumptive E. coli for the effluent samples associated with 180 μm plankton size ranged between 0 – 4.30 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 – 3.88 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 – 8.00 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. In the 60 μm plankton size category E. coli densities ranged between 0 and 4.2 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 and 2.13 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 and 8.75 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. Whereas in the 20 μm plankton size category presumptive E. coli density varied from 0 to 5.0 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, 0 to 3.75 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and 0 to 9.0 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. The free-living presumptive E. coli density ranged between 0 and 3.13 × 101 cfu/ml in Dimbaza, between 0 and 8.0 × 101 cfu/ml in Alice and between 0 and 9.5 × 101 cfu/ml in East London. Molecular analysis successfully amplified target genes (fliCH7, rfbEO157, ial and aap) which are characteristic of pathogenic E. coli strains. The PCR assays using uidA-specific primer confirmed that a genetic region homologous in size to the E. coli uidA structural gene, including the regulatory region, was present in 3 of the E. coli isolates from Alice, 10 from Dimbaza and 8 from East London. Of the 3 E. coli isolates from Alice, 1 (33.3%) was positive for the fliCH7 genes and 3 was positive for rfbEO157 genes. Out of the 10 isolates from Dimbaza, 4 were xiii positive for fliCH7 genes, 6 were positive for the rfbEO157 genes and 1 was positive for the aap genes; and of the 8 isolates from East London, 1 was positive for fliCH7 genes, 2 were for the rfbEO157 genes, 6 were positive for the ial genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that all of the E. coli strains isolated from the effluent water samples were resistant (R) to linezolid, polymyxin B, penicillin G and sulfamethoxazole. The E. coli isolates from Dimbaza (9/10) and East London (8/8) respectively were resistant to erythromycin. All the isolates were found to be susceptible (S) to amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, colistin sulphate, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ertapenem, gatifloxacin, gentamycin, imidazole, kanamycin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, neomycin, netilmicin, norfloxacin and tobramycin. The findings of this study revealed that the Alice wastewater treatment plant was the most efficient as it produced the final effluent with the least pathogenic E. coli followed by the Dimbaza wastewater treatment plant. In addition, the findings showed that the wastewater treatment plant effluents are a veritable source of pathogenic E. coli in the Eastern Cape Province watershed. We suggest that to maximize public health protection, treated wastewater effluent quality should be diligently monitored pursuant to ensuring high quality of final effluents.

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Books on the topic "Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification"

1

Jeff, Kuo, and Tang Chi-Chung, eds. Disinfection of wastewater effluent: Comparison of alternative technologies. Alexandria, VA: WERF, 2008.

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Cheremisinoff, Paul N. Biomanagement of wastewater and wastes. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Evaluation of ultraviolet (UV) radiation disinfection technologies for wastewater treatment plant effluent: Final report. Albany, N.Y: NYSERDA, 2004.

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Weinschrott, Bob. Evaluation of the Parkson DynaSand filter for wastewater reclamation in California. Davis, CA: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of California, 1986.

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Environment, United States Congress House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and. Wastewater blending: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, April 13, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Leong, Lawrence Y. C. Disinfection of Wastewater Effluent: Comparison of Alternative Technologies. IWA Publishing, 2008.

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Smith, Scott, Lei Liu, April Z. Gu, Annalisa Onnis-Hayden, and Holly Gray. Phosphorus Fractionation and Removal in Wastewater Treatment: Implications for Minimizing Effluent Phosphorus. IWA Publishing, 2014.

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K, Cha Daniel, Song June S, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (U.S.), eds. Biotechnology to separate and treat metals in sludge and wastewater: A literature review. Champaign, Ill: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1995.

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Canada. Municipal Wastewater Effluent Division. and Associated Engineering, (B.C.) Ltd., eds. Review of municipal wastewater effluent chlorination/dechlorination principles, technologies and practices. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 2006.

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Kulakow, Peter A., and Valentina V. Pidlisnyuk. Application of Phytotechnologies for Cleanup of Industrial, Agricultural and Wastewater Contamination. Springer, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biodegradation; Wastewater; Effluent purification"

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Ayed, Lamia, and Amina Bakhrouf. "Pilot Plant Experiences Using Activated Sludge Treatment Steps for the Biodegradation of Textile Wastewater." In Advances in Treating Textile Effluent. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/21296.

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"Palm Oil Mill Wastewater and Treatment." In Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Rural Regions, 283–305. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2645-3.ch011.

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Palm oil is an essential agricultural commodity in Malaysia, as Malaysia is one of the largest producers and exporters globally. The processes of palm oil extraction and purification generate a large amount of wastewater known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). Currently, most treatment processes are carried out using a conventional ponding system which is outdated as it requires large land areas and long retention time. Discharge of poorly treated POME directly to the surroundings leads harms the environment, as it contains high contents of oil and BOD. Therefore, this chapter discusses the treatment method of POME from a newer perspective of membrane technology integrated with biological treatment. Various methods such as clarification system with nanofibre unit, cooling system, activated sludge system, and anaerobic membrane bioreactor, are reviewed on their principles of operation.

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Banerjee, Priya, Aniruddha Mukhopadhayay, and Papita Das. "Advances in Bioremediation for Removal of Toxic Dye from Different Streams of Wastewater." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 266–78. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9734-8.ch013.

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Azo dyes are used in abundance in several industries like textile, printing, paper, plastic, cosmetics, paints, etc. Extensive discharge of such dyes in adjacent water bodies has raised much environmental concern. Azo dyes are toxic to living organisms and their genotoxic and carcinogenic potentials are intensified on being released as mixtures. In the recent years, various microorganisms have been isolated and reported to possess tremendous potential for efficient dye degradation. However, the process of bioremediation is highly controlled by experimental factors like effluent pH, temperature and concentration of dyes in solution. Therefore, appropriate optimization of these factors is to be determined in order to ensure maximum efficiency of this process. This review highlights application of immobilization techniques of bacterial cells for achievement of successful biodegradation. In this study, the existing problems of dye pollution and possible improvisations for obtaining enhanced bioremediation of dyes have also been discussed.

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Hu, Yang, Yue Peng, Wen Liu, Dongye Zhao, and Jie Fu. "Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater Using Nanofiltration Technology." In Waste Management, 697–716. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch033.

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Conventional water/wastewater treatment methods are incapable of removing the majority of Emerging Contaminants (ECs) and a large amount of them and their metabolites are ultimately released to the aquatic environment or drinking water distribution networks. Recently, nanofiltration, a high pressure membrane filtration process, has shown to be superior to other conventional filtration methods, in terms of effluent quality, easy operation and maintenance procedures, low cost, and small required operational space. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant works available in literature reporting the use of nanofiltration for the removal of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater. The fundamental knowledge of nanofiltration such as separation mechanisms, characterization of nanofiltration membranes, and predictive modeling has also been introduced. The literature review has shown that nanofiltration is a promising tool to treat ECs in environmental cleaning and water purification processes.

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