Journal articles: 'Biodegradation'

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Prapruddivongs, Chana, and Narongrit Sombatsompop. "Biodegradation and Anti-Bacterial Properties of PLA and Wood/PLA Composites Incorporated with Zeomic Anti-Bacterial Agent." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.111.

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Anti-bacterial and biodegradation activities of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and wood flour/PLA composites (WPLA) were investigated for the effect of anti-bacterial agent addition. Silver substituted Zeolite (commercially designated as Zeomic) was used as anti-bacterial agent in this study. Anti-bacterial activities were investigated through dynamic shake flask method accompanying with plate count agar (PCA) technique, against Staphylococcus aureus as testing bacteria. The results of anti-bacterial activity were reported by viable cell count. For biodegradation test, the degree and rate of biodegradations were evaluated from percentage of carbon conversion, the test being carried out under laboratory controlled-aerobic degradation environment at a temperature of 58±2°C. The results found that addition of Zeomic did not perform anti-bacterial activities for both the neat PLA and WPLA due to non-diffusivity of silver in Zeomic. For biodegradation test, both PLA and WPLA samples during incubation times of 21-60 days had shown considerable biodegradation rates as a result of chain scission by hydrolysis reaction and subsequent enzymatic-biodegradation by microorganism of PLA molecules. Regarding the effect of wood and Zeomic addition, it was found that introducing wood and Zeomic in PLA matrix tended to markedly increase the degree and rate of biodegradation of PLA and WPLA materials, whereby the PLA having 10%wt of wood with 1.5%wt of Zeomic had the most satisfactory biodegradation level and rate as a consequence of accelerated hydrolysis degradation from moisture in wood and Zeomic.

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White, Graham F. "Multiple interactions in riverine biofilms - surfactant adsorption, bacterial attachment and biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0015.

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Many organic pollutants, especially synthetic surfactants, adsorb onto solid surfaces in natural and engineered aquatic environments. Biofilm bacteria on such surfaces make major contributions to microbial heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper reviews evidence for multiple interactions between surfactants, biodegradative bacteria, and sediment-liquid interfaces. Biodegradable surfactants e.g. SDS, added to a river-water microcosm were rapidly adsorb to sediment surface and stimulated the indigenous bacteria to attach to the sediment particles. Recalcitrant surfactants and non-surfactant organic nutrients did not stimulate attachment Attachment of bacteria was maximal when biodegradation was fastest, and was reversed when biodegradation was complete. Dodecanol, the primary product of SDS-biodegradation, markedly stimulated attachment. When SDS was added to suspensions containing sediment and either known degraders or known non-degraders, only the degraders became attached, and attachment accelerated surfactant biodegradation to dodecanol. These cyclical cooperative interactions have implications for the design of biodegradability-tests, the impact of surfactant adjuvants on biodegradability of herbicides/pesticides formulated with surfactants, and the role of surfactants used to accelerate bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils.

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Kurtböke, Ipek, Irina Ivshina, and Linda L. Blackall. "Microbial biodeterioration and biodegradation." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18036.

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Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi can use a wide variety of organic compounds as their carbon and energy sources and exploit numerous options as electron acceptors facilitating their ability to live in diverse environments. Such microbial biodegradative activities can result in the bioremediation of polluted sites or cause biodeterioration. Biodegradation and biodeterioration are closely related processes, and they often involve the same organisms, processes and materials.

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Kumar Tiwari, Aadrsh, Manisha Gautam, and Hardesh K. Maurya. "RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADATION TECHNIQUES OF POLYMER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 414–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1389.

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Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the too much use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacity available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. This project reviews the biodegradation of biodegradable and also the conventional synthetic plastics, types of biodegradations of biodegradable polymers also use of a variety of “Recent development of biodegradation techniques” for the analysis of degradation in vitro.

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Lee, Hyun Min, Hong Rae Kim, Eunbeen Jeon, Hee Cheol Yu, Sukkyoo Lee, Jiaojie Li, and Dae-Hwan Kim. "Evaluation of the Biodegradation Efficiency of Four Various Types of Plastics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Gut Extract of Superworms." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091341.

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Plastic waste worldwide is becoming a serious pollution problem for the planet. Various physical and chemical methods have been tested in attempts to remove plastic dumps. However, these have usually resulted in secondary pollution issues. Recently, the biodegradation of plastic by fungal and bacterial strains has been spotlighted as a promising solution to remove plastic wastes without generating secondary pollution. We have previously reported that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from the gut of a superworm is capable of biodegrading polystyrene (PS) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Herein, we demonstrate the extraordinary biodegradative power of P. aeruginosa in efficiently depolymerizing four different types of plastics: PS, PPS, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). We further compared biodegradation rates for these four plastic types and found that PE was biodegraded fastest, whereas the biodegradation of PP was the slowest. Moreover, the growth rates of P. aeruginosa were not always proportional to biodegradation rates, suggesting that the rate of bacterial growth could be influenced by the composition and properties of intermediate molecules produced during plastic biodegradation, and these may supply useful cellular precursors and energy. In conclusion, an initial screening system to select the most suitable bacterial strain to biodegrade certain types of plastic is particularly important and may be necessary to solve plastic waste problems both presently and in the future.

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Chávez Pasco, Gaudhy Sujhey, Carlos Eduardo Villanueva Aguilar, Rafael Yerko Zevallos Bueno, and Robinson León Zuloeta. "BIODEGRADATIVE EFFICIENCY OF CYANIDE BY Pseudomonas sp." REBIOL 42, no. 2 (April 19, 2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2022.42.02.03.

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Pseudomonas sp. is one of the bacteria widely studied in environmental management due to its biodegradative capacity, in this sense the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the biodegradative efficiency of cyanide by Pseudomonas sp. at different incubation times. The study had a design, as a control group a physiological outlet solution and a bioreactor with a bubble column were used, each bioreactor contained 450 ml of MBSMG at a concentration of 500 ppm of cyanide and a pH of 8, with an inoculum at a concentration of 1.5 x 108 cells per milliliter. The cyanide concentration was assessed by titration with AgNO3 and KI. The results obtained show a cyanide biodegradation efficiency of 92.3% at 3 days of incubation, 85.8% at 7.5 days and 75.9% at 12 days; also finding an inverse correlation of 0.985 between the biodegradation efficiency and the incubation time of the bacteria by means of the Pearson Correlation. It is concluded that the highest biodegradative efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. after 3 days of incubation.

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Nelson, M. J., S. O. Montgomery, W. R. Mahaffey, and P. H. Pritchard. "Biodegradation of trichloroethylene and involvement of an aromatic biodegradative pathway." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, no. 5 (1987): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.5.949-954.1987.

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Wang, Qing, Miaoyan Yang, Xin Song, Shiyue Tang, and Lei Yu. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation of 1,2-Dibromoethane by a Microbial Consortium under Simulated Groundwater Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193775.

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This study was conducted to explore the potential for 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) biodegradation by an acclimated microbial consortium under simulated dynamic groundwater conditions. The enriched EDB-degrading consortium consisted of anaerobic bacteria Desulfovibrio, facultative anaerobe Chromobacterium, and other potential EDB degraders. The results showed that the biodegradation efficiency of EDB was more than 61% at 15 °C, and the EDB biodegradation can be best described by the apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics. EDB biodegradation occurred at a relatively broad range of initial dissolved oxygen (DO) from 1.2 to 5.1 mg/L, indicating that the microbial consortium had a strong ability to adapt. The addition of 40 mg/L of rhamnolipid and 0.3 mM of sodium lactate increased the biodegradation. A two-phase biodegradation scheme was proposed for the EDB biodegradation in this study: an aerobic biodegradation to carbon dioxide and an anaerobic biodegradation via a two-electron transfer pathway of dihaloelimination. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reported EDB biodegradation by an acclimated consortium under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, a dynamic DO condition often encountered during enhanced biodegradation of EDB in the field.

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Buswell, John A., Etienne Odier, and T. Kent Kirk. "Lignin Biodegradation." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388558709086984.

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Romanovskiy, M. G., R. V. Shchekalev, and V. V. Korovin. "Humus Biodegradation." Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. Lesnoi Zhurnal (Forestry journal), no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.4.187.

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Zaikov, G. E., K. Z. Gumargalieva, A. Ya Polishchuk, A. A. Adamyan, and T. I. Vinokurova. "Polyolefin Biodegradation." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 44, no. 1-2 (August 1999): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914039908012139.

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Knapp, J. S., and V. R. Brown. "Morpholine biodegradation." International Biodeterioration 24, no. 4-5 (January 1988): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(88)90014-0.

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13

Wackett, Lawrence P., and Lynda B. M. Ellis. "Predicting biodegradation." Environmental Microbiology 1, no. 2 (April 1999): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.1999.00029.x.

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M, Kannahi, and Thamizhmarai T. "Biodegradation of Plastic by AspergillusSP." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd7026.

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15

Mancini, Silvia A., Ania C. Ulrich, Georges Lacrampe-Couloume, Brent Sleep, Elizabeth A. Edwards, and Barbara Sherwood Lollar. "Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation during Anaerobic Biodegradation of Benzene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 2003): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.191-198.2003.

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ABSTRACT Compound-specific isotope analysis has the potential to distinguish physical from biological attenuation processes in the subsurface. In this study, carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation effects during biodegradation of benzene under anaerobic conditions with different terminal-electron-accepting processes are reported for the first time. Different enrichment factors (ε) for carbon (range of −1.9 to −3.6‰) and hydrogen (range of −29 to −79‰) fractionation were observed during biodegradation of benzene under nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. These differences are not related to differences in initial biomass or in rates of biodegradation. Carbon isotopic enrichment factors for anaerobic benzene biodegradation in this study are comparable to those previously published for aerobic benzene biodegradation. In contrast, hydrogen enrichment factors determined for anaerobic benzene biodegradation are significantly larger than those previously published for benzene biodegradation under aerobic conditions. A fundamental difference in the previously proposed initial step of aerobic versus proposed anaerobic biodegradation pathways may account for these differences in hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Potentially, C-H bond breakage in the initial step of the anaerobic benzene biodegradation pathway may account for the large fractionation observed compared to that in aerobic benzene biodegradation. Despite some differences in reported enrichment factors between cultures with different terminal-electron-accepting processes, carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis has the potential to provide direct evidence of anaerobic biodegradation of benzene in the field.

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Inoue, D., M. Inaba, N. Yu, Y. Shima, T. Ueno, K. Sei, M. Fujita, and M. Ike. "Evaluation of biodegradation potential of organic compounds by river water microorganisms." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.845.

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The aim of this study was to assess the availability of the biodegradation potential of aniline and phenol as the indicator for evaluating pollutant impact on a river environment. Biodegradation tests employing river water microorganisms were carried out by a modified TOC-Handai method using aniline and phenol as substrates. Complete degradation time and half-life were determined as indicators expressing the biodegradation potential of aniline and phenol, respectively. Investigations in Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin for more than two years showed that the biodegradation potential of both compounds varied seasonally. In addition, aniline biodegradation potential seemed to be influenced by the hydraulic retention time at each sampling station, while downstream stations with large input of wastewater from the surrounding cities were divided from upstream stations by phenol biodegradation potential. Comparison of the biodegradation potential in rivers at different pollution levels also showed that polluted and less polluted rivers were clearly divided by phenol biodegradation potential. These results indicated that phenol biodegradation potential can be applied as an indicator for evaluating the soundness of river environment from the view point of ecological function.

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Wang, Xiao Xiao, Xiao Qin Yu, Jun Ya Pan, and Ji Wu Li. "The Characteristics and Kinetics of 4-CP with Pb²⁺ Biodegradation by Fusarium sp." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2506.

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The effects of Pb2+concentration, pH and additional carbon source on biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) byFusariumsp. were investigated, and the characteristic and kinetic of 4-CP biodegradation were analyzed. It was concluded that 4-CP biodegradation rate byFusariumsp. decreased a little at concentration of Pb2+0.20 mg/L and 4-CP 50 mg/L. The suitable biodegradation pH was range from 6 to 7. Additional carbon source (phenol) might increase the rate of 4-CP biodegradation. The kinetic equations of 4-CP biodegradation were well accord with the zero order reaction equation at different concentration of Pb2+.

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Santero, Eduardo, and Eduardo Díaz. "Special Issue: Genetics of Biodegradation and Bioremediation." Genes 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040441.

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Many different biodegradation pathways, both aerobic and anaerobic, have already been characterised, and the phylogenetic relationships among catabolic genes within the different types of pathways have been studied. However, new biodegradation activities and their coding genes are continuously being reported, including those involved in the catabolism of emerging contaminants or those generally regarded as non-biodegradable. Gene regulation is also an important issue for the efficient biodegradation of contaminants. Specific induction by the substrate and over-imposed global regulatory networks adjust the expression of the biodegradation genes to the bacterial physiological needs. New biodegradation pathways can be assembled in a particular strain or in a bacterial consortium by recruiting biodegradation genes from different origins through horizontal gene transfer. The abundance and diversity of biodegradation genes, analysed by either genomic or metagenomic approaches, constitute valuable indicators of the biodegradation potential of a particular environmental niche. This knowledge paves the way to systems metabolic engineering approaches to valorise biowaste for the production of value-added products.

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Harvey, R. Gordon. "Biodegradation of Butylate, EPTC, and Extenders in Previously Treated Soils." Weed Science 38, no. 3 (May 1990): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056460.

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the ability of the extenders dietholate and SC-0058 to prevent enhanced biodegradation of EPTC and butylate applied to Wisconsin soils with different histories of carbamothioate herbicide use. Enhanced EPTC and butylate biodegradation occurred in soils previously treated with those herbicides. Enhanced biodegradation of dietholate occurred on soils previously treated with that extender plus either EPTC or butylate. Enhanced dietholate biodegradation was observed when applied alone or in combination with butylate or EPTC. Application with dietholate prevented enhanced biodegradation of butylate but not EPTC even though enhanced biodegradation of dietholate was occurring. Enhanced biodegradation of SC-0058 did not occur. SC-0058 prevented enhanced EPTC and butylate biodegradation even in soils previously treated for three consecutive years with the respective herbicide plus SC-0058. Application of either 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha SC-0058 plus 6.7 kg/ha EPTC provided equal or better wild proso millet control and sweet corn yields than applications of EPTC alone or EPTC plus dietholate.

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Kwon, Soojin, Luz Meza, Joel J. Pawlak, and Richard A. Venditti. "Effect of paper-making additives on biodegradation of lignocellulosic fibers." BioResources 19, no. 4 (September 5, 2024): 8028–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.4.8028-8043.

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The biodegradation kinetics of paper materials with various chemical additives was studied, focusing on their potential tunability. Paper materials with additives, including retention aid, hydrophobic agent, and wet and dry strength agents, were explored in two forms: disintegrated fiber and paper form. Using the Gompertz equation, biodegradation kinetics were modeled to calculate the lag phase, initial biodegradation rate, and ultimate biodegradation extent. All paper materials showed higher biodegradation extents than microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) due to the highly biodegradable nature of hardwood bleached pulp. Disintegrated paper materials exhibited similar lag phase values and ultimate biodegradation to MCC regardless of treatment, while punched paper materials showed noticeable differences, suggesting that fiber disintegration plays a critical role in initiating biodegradation. Hydrophobic and wet strength treatments, such as alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) and wet-strength agents (PAE), respectively, significantly increased the lag phase, but their ultimate biodegradation extent remained intact. These findings highlight that the biodegradability of paper materials can be preserved even after chemical treatments, underscoring their environmentally friendly potential.

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Whyte, Lyle G., Charles W. Greer, and William E. Inniss. "Assessment of the biodegradation potential of psychrotrophic microorganisms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-016.

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Bioremediation of polluted temperate and cold temperature environments may require the activity of psychrotrophic bacteria, because their low temperature growth range parallels the ambient temperatures encountered in these environments. In the present study, 135 psychrotrophic microorganisms isolated from a variety of ecosystems in Canada were examined for their ability to mineralize14C-labelled toluene, naphthalene, dodecane, hexadecane, 2-chlorobiphenyl, and pentachlorophenol. A number of the psychrotrophic strains mineralized toluene, naphthalene, dodecane, and hexadecane. None of the psychrotrophs were capable of mineralizing 2-chlorobiphenyl or pentachlorophenol. Those strains demonstrating mineralization activity were subsequently screened by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization of PCR products for the presence of catabolic genes (alkB, ndoB, todC1, and xylE) involved in known bacterial biodegradative pathways for these compounds. Some of the psychrotrophs able to mineralize toluene and naphthalene possessed catabolic genes that hybridized to xylE or todC1, and ndoB, respectively. The alkB PCR fragments obtained from the strains that mineralized dodecane and hexadecane did not hybridize to an alkB gene probe derived from Pseudomonas oleovorans. Psychrotrophic strain Q15, identified as a Rhodococcus sp., also mineralized the C28n-paraffin octacosane. A gene probe constructed from the "alkB" PCR fragment from strain Q15 did hybridize with the alkB PCR fragments from most of the psychrotrophic alkane biodegraders, indicating that the alkB primers may be amplifying another gene(s), perhaps with low homology to P. oleovorans alkB, which may be involved in the biodegradation of both short chain (dodecane) and longer chain alkanes (hexadecane, octacosane). All of the psychrotrophic biodegradative isolates examined were capable of mineralization activity at both 23 and 5 °C, indicating their potential for low temperature bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites.Key words: psychrotrophic microorganisms, biodegradation, catabolic gene probes, organic pollutants.

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Van Hamme, J. D., and O. P. Ward. "Influence of chemical surfactants on the biodegradation of crude oil by a mixed bacterial culture." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-209.

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The effects of surfactant physicochemical properties, such as the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and molecular structure, on the biodegradation of 2% w/v Bow River crude oil by a mixed-bacterial culture were examined. Viable counts increased 4.6-fold and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation increased 57% in the presence of Igepal CO-630, a nonylphenol ethoxylate (HLB 13, 0.625 g/L). Only the nonylphenol ethoxylate with an HLB value of 13 substantially enhanced biodegradation. The surfactants from other chemical classes with HLB values of 13 (0.625 g/L) had no effect or were inhibitory. TPH biodegradation enhancement by Igepal CO-630 occurred at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. When the effect of surfactant on individual oil fractions was examined, the biodegradation enhancement for the saturate and aromatic fractions was the same. In all cases, biodegradation resulted in increased resin and asphaltene concentrations. Optimal surfactant concentrations for TPH biodegradation reduced resin and asphaltene formation. Chemical surfactants have the potential to improve crude oil biodegradation in complex microbial systems, and surfactant selection should consider factors such as molecular structure, HLB, and surfactant concentration.Key words: mixed culture, crude oil, surfactant, hydrophile-lipophile balance, biodegradation.

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Rahman, Anggun Rahman, Khaswar Syamsu Syamsu, and Isroi Isroi Isroi. "BIODEGRADABILITY OF BIOPLASTIC IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.2.258-263.

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Biodegradation of the bioplastic composite based on cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches was investigated in this study. Microbes consortium from landfill soil collected from top soil were used as the inoculums for the biodegradation process. Biodegradation test of the bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch samples compared with oxodegradation and conventional plastic samples were conducted in the glass jar. The biodegradation rate was evaluated from CO2 generated from the biodegradation process and absorbed by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The generated CO2 was titrated with 0.1 N HCl and using phenolphthalein (PP) followed by methyl oranges indicator. The results showed that the highest CO2 production on landfill soil indicating the highest rate of biodegradation was found on bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch followed by oxodegradable plastic and conventional plastic. The rate of biodegradation for bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch, oxodegradable plastic and conventional plastic were 0.067mg CO2/day, 0.052 mg CO2/day and 0 mg CO2/day, respectively.

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Ren, Luyao, Zhengxin Hu, Qian Wang, Yonggang Du, and Wansong Zong. "Regulation Efficacy and Mechanism of the Toxicity of Microcystin-LR Targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 via the Biodegradation Pathway." Toxins 12, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120790.

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Biodegradation is important to regulate the toxicity and environmental risk of microcystins (MCs). To explore their regulation effectiveness and mechanism, typical biodegradation products originating from microcystin-LR (MCLR) were prepared and purified. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition experiment showed the biodegradation pathway was effective in regulating the toxicity of the biodegradation products by extending the biodegradation. With the assistance of molecular docking, the specific interaction between the toxins and PP1 was explored. The MCLR/MCLR biodegradation products combined with PP1 mainly by the aid of interactions related to the active sites Adda5, Glu6, Mdha7, and the ionic bonds/hydrogen bonds between the integral toxin and PP1. As a consequence, the interactions between Mn22+ and Asp64/Asp92 in the catalytic center were inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in the reduced toxicity of the biodegradation products. During the biodegradation process, the relevant key interactions might be weakened or even disappear, and thus the toxicity was regulated. It is worth noting that the secondary pollution of the partial products (especially for Adda5-Glu6-Mdha7-Ala1 and the linearized MCLR), which still possessed the major active sites, is of deep concern.

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Galera Manzano, Luciano Miguel, Miguel Ángel Ruz Cruz, Nora Magally Moo Tun, Alex Valadez González, and José Herminsul Mina Hernandez. "Effect of Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystal Contents on the Biodegradation, under Composting Conditions, of Hierarchical PLA Biocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111855.

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In this work, the effect of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the biodegradation, under composting conditions, of hierarchical PLA biocomposites (HBCs) was studied using a full 22 factorial experimental design. The HBCs were prepared by extrusion processing and were composted for 180 days. At certain time intervals, the specimens were removed from the compost for their chemical, thermal and morphological characterizations. An ANOVA analysis was carried out at different composting times to study MFC and CNCs’ effects on biodegradation. The specimen’s mass loss and molecular weight loss were selected as independent variables. The results show that the presence of MFC enhances the PLA biodegradation, while with CNCs it decreases. However, when both cellulosic fibers are present, a synergistic effect was evident—i.e., in the presence of the MFC, the inclusion of the CNCs accelerates the HBCs biodegradation. Analysis of the ANOVA results confirms the relevance of the synergistic role between both cellulosic fibers over the HBC biodegradation under composting conditions. The results also suggest that during the first 90 days of incubation, the hydrolytic PLA degradation prevails, whereas, beyond that, the enzymatic microbial biodegradation dominates. The SEM results show MFC’s presence enhances the surface biodeterioration to a greater extent than the CNCs and that their simultaneous presence enhances PLA biodegradation. The SEM results also indicate that the biodegradation process begins from hydrophilic cellulosic fibers and promotes PLA biodegradation.

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Zhao, Yingchao, Jun Feng, Hui Yu, Wangyang Lin, Xin Li, Yan Tian, and Mingchun Zhao. "Comparative Study on Biodegradation of Pure Iron Prepared by Microwave Sintering and Laser Melting." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041604.

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For biodegradable pure iron implants, a higher biodegradation rate is preferred. In this work, we compared the biodegradation of pure iron prepared by microwave sintering and laser melting (designated as MSed Fe and LMed Fe, respectively). The MSed Fe presented a distinct porous structure, while the LMed Fe presented a relatively compact structure without any obvious pores. The biodegradation rate of the MSed Fe was higher than that of the LMed Fe, and their biodegradation rates were higher than that of the as-cast Fe. The biodegradation rates of the MSed Fe and the LMed Fe were approximately 44 and 13 times higher than that of the as cast Fe, respectively. The biodegradation was closely related to the microstructure’s compactness and grain size. Moreover, the MSed Fe and the LMed Fe had satisfactory biocompatibility.

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Guo, Yanping, Zhijie Guan, Hui Lin, and Xuelian Ou. "Enhanced biodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol by rhamnolipids in sediment/water systems." Environmental Chemistry 18, no. 7 (2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en20175.

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Environmental contextThe steroid hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been established as a highly estrogenic substance, which potentially causes serious harm to environmental health. Rhamnolipids are a widely researched glycolipid used for the degradation of organic pollutants. Therefore, this study focused on the change of biodegradation of EE2 affected by rhamnolipids in sediment/water systems, showing increased and more rapid degradation.AbstractRhamnolipids can enhance the remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants in the environment. However, the rhamnolipid-associated biodegradation of hormones has rarely been investigated. In this study, aerobic biodegradation shake-flask experiments were conducted to investigate biosurfactant-associated biodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in sediment/water systems and to assess how the biodegradation rate is influenced by rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIG-N146. Results showed that EE2 biodegradability is significantly increased with increasing rhamnolipid concentration. An improved pseudo-first-order kinetic equation was established to simulate enhanced EE2 biodegradation at varying rhamnolipid concentrations. The biodegradation rate (k) initially increased marginally, and then increased rapidly with rhamnolipid concentrations exceeding the effective critical micelle concentration. The degree of enhancement of organic biodegradation was mainly affected by organic mass transfer, owing to rhamnolipidic micellar solubilisation, and by rhamnolipids acting as a primary substrate to stimulate the microbial consortium. Analysis results through various techniques indicated the formation of three main types of metabolic intermediates, with diverse polarity and biodegradability characteristics, in the process of EE2 biodegradation. Thus, it was concluded that the presence of rhamnolipids did not negatively affect the processes of EE2 biotransformation by indigenous microorganisms in the original sediment/water systems. This study presents an effective potential application of rhamnolipidic surfactants for enhancement of EE2 biodegradation in sediment/water systems.

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Strotmann, Uwe, Peter Reuschenbach, Helmut Schwarz, and Udo Pagga. "Development and Evaluation of an Online CO2 Evolution Test and a Multicomponent Biodegradation Test System." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4621-4628.2004.

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ABSTRACT Well-established biodegradation tests use biogenously evolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as an analytical parameter to determine the ultimate biodegradability of substances. A newly developed analytical technique based on the continuous online measurement of conductivity showed its suitability over other techniques. It could be demonstrated that the method met all criteria of established biodegradation tests, gave continuous biodegradation curves, and was more reliable than other tests. In parallel experiments, only small variations in the biodegradation pattern occurred. When comparing the new online CO2 method with existing CO2 evolution tests, growth rates and lag periods were similar and only the final degree of biodegradation of aniline was slightly lower. A further test development was the unification and parallel measurement of all three important summary parameters for biodegradation—i.e., CO2 evolution, determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)—in a multicomponent biodegradation test system (MCBTS). The practicability of this test method was demonstrated with aniline. This test system had advantages for poorly water-soluble and highly volatile compounds and allowed the determination of the carbon fraction integrated into biomass (heterotrophic yield). The integrated online measurements of CO2 and BOD systems produced continuous degradation curves, which better met the stringent criteria of ready biodegradability (60% biodegradation in a 10-day window). Furthermore the data could be used to calculate maximal growth rates for the modeling of biodegradation processes.

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Mahmood, Raja Tahir, Muhammad Javaid Asad, Muhammad Asgher, Falak Sher Khan, Khursheed Muzammil, Nazim Nasir, Pervez Anwar, and Muhammad Awais. "First Report on the Bioremediation of Textile Industrial Effluents by Piptoporus Betulinus IEBL-3 by Using Response Surface Methodology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031090.

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The current study was performed to optimize three different industrial textile effluent biodegradation potentials of a brown rot fungus, Piptoporus betulinus IEBL-3, to reduce environmental pollution. The Response Surface Methodology under the Box Bhenken Design was used for the optimization steps. Three ligninolytic enzymes named lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase were also studied during the biodegradation process. The biodegradation rate of the 3 industrial effluents varied between 67 and 76% at the initially optimized conditions. There was a 10%, 7% and 9% increase in the biodegradation of Mujahid textile (MT), Five Star textile (FST) and Sitara textile (ST) effluent, respectively, after the addition of various additional carbon and nitrogen sources in different ratios. The biological treatment decreases the Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand values of the effluents well below the WHO-recommended values for the industrial effluents. The HPLC monitoring of the effluent’s biodegradation showed the appearance of new peaks, some of which may correspond to secondary amines. Study of ligninolytic enzymes during the biodegradation process confirmed their role in the biodegradation process, with lignin peroxidase having highest activity among the others. These findings suggest that P. betulinus is a potential fungus for the biodegradation of the dyes and effluents and can be a suitable candidate for this process.

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Zahari, N. Z., P. M. Tuah, L. P. Hung, F. N. Cleophas, A. N. M. Yatim, and S. A. M. Ali. "Enhanced Biodegradation of Crude Oil in Seawater by Using Microbial Consortia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1267, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012038.

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Abstract A biodegradation study was performed to assess the biodegradation of crude oil in seawater by consortium of Candida tropicalis RETL-Cr1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BAS-Cr1 and Chromobacterium violaceum MAB-Cr1. Two independent experiments using different growth substrates, 5 mM glucose and 5% (v/v) crude oil, were undertaken to compare the microbial growth profile. The study was carried out using shake flask culture at 30°C, agitated 200 rpm. Microbial growth profile was monitored by measuring the optical density (OD600) on hourly and weekly basis. Biodegradation efficiency and rate were quantified by comparing the initial and final crude oil concentration, whereas the degradation of selected aliphatic hydrocarbons was quantified by comparing the initial and final area in chromatogram. The biodegradation ratios were monitored using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Present finding showed that glucose was completely utilized at T10. However, the consortia can growth in crude oil even after 28 days. Overall biodegradation efficiency is 69.74% while the overall biodegradation rate is 24.85 g/L/d. The consortia could degrade 37% of n-alkane in crude oil after 28 days. Besides, biodegradation ratios shown that biodegradation had took place throughout the degradation period. It can be concluded that the consortia have high potential to degrade crude oil efficiently.

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Nikolic, Vladimir, Sava Velickovic, Dusan Antonovic, and Aleksandar Popovic. "Biodegradation of starch–graft–polystyrene and starch–graft–poly(methacrylic acid) copolymers in model river water." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 9 (2013): 1425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121216051n.

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In this paper the biodegradation study of grafted copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and corn starch and poly(methacrylic acid) and corn starch in model river water is described. These copolymers were obtained in the presence of different amine activators. The synthesized copolymers and products of degradation were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biodegradation was monitored by mass decrease and number of microorganisms by Koch?s method. Biodegradation of both copolymers advanced with time, poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-starch copolymers completely degraded after 21 day, and polystyrene-graft-starch partially degraded (45.78-93.09 % of total mass) after 27 days. Differences in the degree of biodegradation are consequences of different structure of the samples, and there is a significant negative correlation between the share of polystyrene in copolymer and degree of biodegradation. The grafting degree of PS necessary to prevent biodegradation was 54 %. Based on experimental evidence, mechanisms of both biodegradation processes are proposed, and influence of degree of starch and synthetic component of copolymers on degradation were established.

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Belov, D. V., and S. N. Belyaev. "Prospects for recycling plastic waste based on polyethylene glycol terephthalate using living systems (a review)." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-238-253.

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In recent years, the biodegradation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate has become an important direction in solving the problem of environmental pollution with plastic waste. This review generalizes the latest data on various microorganisms capable of biodegrading polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions of polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolysis and the structure of biodegradation enzymes are elucidated. Challenges to the industrial implementation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate biodegradation are considered along with proposals on the promotion of appropriate waste disposal technologies. Biodegradation comprises a promising method for the environmentally friendly and efficient disposal of waste plastics. So far, no commercial biodegradation technologies for recycling polyethylene glycol terephthalate have been developed. This area is attracting increased research attention, which is expected to result in the appearance of cost-effective and high-tech biodegradation processes. Future advances are likely to be based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies capable of constructing artificial microbial consortia and modifying microbial polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolases aimed at a more complete biodegradation and bioconversion of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and other complex polymers.

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Remya, R. R., Angeline Julius, T. Y. Suman, V. Mohanavel, Alagar Karthick, C. Pazhanimuthu, Antony V. Samrot, and M. Muhibbullah. "Role of Nanoparticles in Biodegradation and Their Importance in Environmental and Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6090846.

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In recent decades, research in nanomaterial specific to biodegradation has gained attraction owing to its physicochemical characteristics. Biodegradation is the main strategy used in the management of wastes. The role of nanoparticles helps in controlling the biodegradation rate. The biodegradation might not be quite effective in certain cases like high chemical deposition, due to its toxic nature towards microorganisms. The conventional strategies demonstrated a limited use of nature source, and this could be overcome through microbes and enzyme-based biodegradation. Nanoparticles have improved the biodegradation rate through low-density polyethylene development, thereby corrupting microbes. Thus, a major problem is confronted. Though innovation in science had a great impact in everyone’s life, it also has a negative impact through the increased use of toxic materials. Recent development and use of biodegradable nano-based compounds have led to many secured forms of nanomedicines. In this review, we would discuss the more recent findings of nanoparticles related to biodegradation applications and elaborate how their characteristics could influence in various biomedical applications.

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Olak-Kucharczyk, Magdalena, Natalia Festinger, and Wojciech Smułek. "Application of Ozonation-Biodegradation Hybrid System for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7 (March 31, 2023): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075347.

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Creosote, a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was and is a wood impregnate of widespread use. Over the years the accumulation of creosote PAHs in soils and freshwaters has increased, causing a threat to ecosystems. The combined ozonation-biodegradation process is proposed to improve the slow and inefficient biodegradation of creosote hydrocarbons. The impact of different ozonation methods on the biodegradation of model wastewater was evaluated. The biodegradation rate, the changes in chemical oxygen demand, and the total organic carbon concentration were measured in order to provide insight into the process. Moreover, the bacteria consortium activity was monitored during the biodegradation step of the process. The collected data confirmed the research hypothesis, which was that the hybrid method can improve biodegradation. The pre-ozonation followed by inoculation with a bacteria consortium resulted in a significant increase in the biodegradation rate. It allows for the shortening of the time required for the consortium to reach maximum degradation effectiveness and cell activity. Hence, the study gives an important and useful perspective for the decontamination of creosote-polluted ecosystems.

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Lee, Kenneth, and Eric M. Levy. "Bioremediation: Waxy Crude Oils Stranded on Low-Energy Shorelines." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-541.

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ABSTRACT The degradation of a waxy crude oil (Terra Nova) spilled on sand beach and salt marsh environments in Nova Scotia was monitored over a seven-month period. In the sand beach environment, low concentrations of stranded oil (0.3 percent by volume) were degraded in a matter of days by the indigenous biota, while higher concentrations (3 percent) were much more persistent (components as light as n–C11 remained after six months). In contrast, similar concentrations of oil were found to be extremely resistant to biodegradation in the salt marsh. Our results suggest that cleanup of waxy crude oils at low concentrations in sand beaches should be left to nature, since natural biodegradative processes occur rapidly. At higher oil concentrations, however, nutrient enrichment with agricultural fertilizers was found to be an effective countermeasure. While biodegradation of oil stranded in salt marsh environments is generally limited by oxygen availability, nutrient enrichment may be an effective countermeasure to treat low concentrations of waxy crude oil in salt marshes, provided the oil does not penetrate beneath the aerobic surface layer.

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Yang, Haifeng, Deying Wang, Feilong Wang, Yanfei Gao, Guomin Tang, Youjun Tang, and Peng Sun. "Differential Enrichment of Trace and Major Elements in Biodegraded Oil: A Case Study from Bohai Bay Basin, China." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2023): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041176.

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Inorganic elements in crude oil have been used in the reconstruction of the sedimentary environment and oil–oil (source) correlations; however, the effect of biodegradation on these elements has not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, 14 crude oils from the Miaoxi Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, were analyzed using molecular markers, trace elements, and major elements to determine the effect of biodegradation on inorganic elements. The molecular markers indicated that the oils are in the low maturity stage and are derived from similar parent materials in lacustrine source rocks. The high-sulfur oil came from a more reductive and saltier environment compared with the low-sulfur oil. The oils were subjected to varying degrees of biodegradation. The concentrations of Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Be, Sc, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb, Th, and U increased significantly throughout the biodegradation process, while the concentrations of Na, K, Ti, Al, Cr, Zn, Cs, Nb, Ba, Hf, and Tl increased considerably only during the intense biodegradation stage (PM < 4). The concentrations of P, Li, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Sn, and Ta were not correlated with the level of biodegradation. The V/Ni, V/Co, Ni/Co, Cr/V, Sc/V, and Th/U ratios were affected by biodegradation when PM ≥ 4. Several ratios, including Mg/P, Ca/P, Mn/P, and Fe/P, are proposed as favorable indicators of the level of biodegradation. Differential enrichment of these elements is associated with the effects of organic acids generated by biodegradation on the oil–water–rock interactions in the reservoir.

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Yeom, I. T., K. R. Lee, Y. H. Lee, K. H. Ahn, and S. H. Lee. "Effects of ozone treatment on the biodegradability of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2002): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0641.

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The effects of ozone pretreatment on the biodegradability of municipal wastewater sludge were determined. Three types of experiments were conducted: anaerobic digestion, aerobic biodegradation, and denitrification using ozone-treated sludge as a carbon source. For 5 days, ozonated sludge at 0.1 gO3/g-SS showed about 2-3 times greater biodegradation compared to the raw sludge in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic experiments, biodegradation increased with ozone dosage up to 0.2 gO3/g-SS. Further increase of ozone dosage did not improve the biodegradation. In aerobic condition, about 77% of the ozonated sludge at 0.1 gO3/g-SS could be biodegraded after 15 days and is compared with 36% degradation of the untreated sludge. Most of the biodegradation of the ozonated sludge occurred within 5 days while the raw sludge was biodegraded steadily throughout the experimental period. The biodegradation enhancement of ozonated sludge was confirmed in batch denitrification experiments.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Biodegradation of plastics." Environmental Microbiology Reports 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12924.

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Rasul Chaudhry, G., and W. B. Wheeler. "Biodegradation of Carbamates." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1988): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0270.

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A carbofuran-metabolizing Pseudomonas sp. was investigated for its capability to degrade some other toxic carbamates and its effectiveness as a decontaminant for carbamate-polluted water samples. The organisms degraded both aldicarb and carbaryl. It also decontaminated carbofuran-fortified water samples from various sources in the absence of additional nutrients under laboratory conditions. This microorganism harbored several plasmids which may be involved in the degradation of carbamates. Pseudomonas sp. may potentially be used for biological treatment of wastewater and groundwater.

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40

Hopkins, D. W., and M. Alexander. "Biodegradation and Bioremediation." Journal of Applied Ecology 33, no. 1 (February 1996): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2405028.

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Jahan, Kauser, Nora Han, Margaret Jacques, Shira Perlis, Michael Sterner, and Shantanu Kulkarni. "BIODEGRADATION OF NONYLPHENOL." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 12 (January 1, 2002): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784164226.

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Gheewala, Shabbir H., and Ajit P. Annachhatre. "Biodegradation of aniline." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 10 (November 1, 1997): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0358.

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Discharge of aniline to the environment must be controlled as aniline is toxic to aquatic life and also exerts additional oxygen demand due to nitrification reaction involved during its biodegradation. Organic carbonaceous removal by heterotrophs during aniline biodegradation releases NH4+ which is the substrate for autotrophic nitrifying bacteria. However, aniline is toxic to nitrifying bacteria and severely inhibits their activity. Accordingly, batch and continuous studies were conducted to assess the biodegradation of aniline and its inhibitory effect on nitrification. Synthetic wastewater was used as feed with aniline as sole carbon source for mixed microbial population. Experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures of 30–32°C. An aerobic activated sludge Unit was operated at an HRT of about 13 hours and SRT of about 12 days. Biomass from aerobic activated sludge process treating domestic wastewater was acclimatized to synthetic wastewater Containing aniline. Removal efficiencies more than 95% were obtained for feed aniline concentrations upto 350 mg/l with insignificant inhibition of nitrification due to aniline. Ammonia oxidation rates of about 20–115 mgNH4N/l/d were observed. Batch tests were carried out to test the inhibitory effects of high initial aniline concentrations on nitritication. Carbonaceous removal by heterotrophs proceeded rapidly within 4–6 hours with nitrification picking up as soon as aniline concentration dropped below 3–4 mg/l. For higher initial aniline concentration more than 250 mg/l, complete nitrification did not take place even after aniline Concentration dropped below 3–4 mg/l.

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Kieft, Thomas L. "Biodegradation and Bioremediation." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 3 (May 1995): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400030028x.

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Guerin, William F. "Biodegradation and Bioremediation." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 4 (July 1995): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040040x.

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MIURA, Kazuaki, and Mitsuteru MASUDA. "Biodegradation of Surfactants." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 43, no. 4 (1994): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.332.

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Dagley, Stanley. "Lessons From Biodegradation." Annual Review of Microbiology 41, no. 1 (October 1987): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.000245.

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Shtilman, Mikhail I. "Biodegradation of Polymers." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 8, no. 2 (June 2015): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-2015-8-2-113-130.

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BORYNIEC, STEFAN, MARIA RATAJSKA, and GRAZYNA STROBIN. "Biodegradation of chitosan." Polimery 41, no. 10 (October 1996): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1996.564.

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TOKIWA, YUTAKA. "Biodegradation of Polyester." Sen'i Gakkaishi 47, no. 9 (1991): P521—P526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.47.9_p521.

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Mergaert, J., C. Anderson, A. Wouters, J. Swings, and K. Kersters. "Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates." FEMS Microbiology Letters 103, no. 2-4 (December 1992): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05853.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biodegradation'

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