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1

Trovão, João, and António Portugal. "Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094196.

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Fungi are known to contribute to the development of drastic biodeterioration of historical and valuable cultural heritage materials. Understandably, studies in this area are increasingly reliant on modern molecular biology techniques due to the enormous benefits they offer. However, classical culture dependent methodologies still offer the advantage of allowing fungal species biodeteriorative profiles to be studied in great detail. Both the essays available and the results concerning distinct fungal species biodeteriorative profiles obtained by amended plate essays, remain scattered and in need of a deep summarization. As such, the present work attempts to provide an overview of available options for this profiling, while also providing a summary of currently known fungal species putative biodeteriorative abilities solely obtained by the application of these methodologies. Consequently, this work also provides a series of checklists that can be helpful to microbiologists, restorers and conservation workers when attempting to safeguard cultural heritage materials worldwide from biodeterioration.
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Obidi, Olayide Folashade, Olushina Olawale Awe, Miriam Nwanna Igwo-Ezikpe, and Folake Okedayo Okekunjo. "Empirical analysis of amylolytic and proteolytic activities of microbial isolates recovered from deteriorating painted wall surfaces in Lagos Nigeria." Bio-Research 20, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 1484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i1.9.

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The biodeterioration of painted walls have been associated with several biological mechanisms such as organic acid production and enzymatic activity of microorganisms amongst other factors. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the involvement of amylases and proteases from indigenous microbes on biodeteriorating painted walls. Microbial strains isolated from biodeteriorating painted walls of selected buildings in Lagos, Nigeria and previously characterized as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Candida, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cerrena and Meyerozyma were used in this study. Amylolytic and proteolytic activities at varying conditions of temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate concentrations were tested. To bridge the knowledge gaps regarding statistical quantification of enzymatic mechanisms in biodeterioration, the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to test the hypothesis that amylolytic/proteolytic activities are equal at all conditions tested. The conditions for optimal activity were observed to be 24h, 37oC, pH 2 and 0.01% substrate concentration and 48h, 25oC, pH 2, and 1% substrate concentration for amylase and protease respectively. Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that amylolytic and proteolytic activities do not impact aesthetics on painted walls equally at all environmental conditions considered.
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Paiva, Diana S., João Trovão, Luís Fernandes, Nuno Mesquita, Igor Tiago, and António Portugal. "Expanding the Microcolonial Black Fungi Aeminiaceae Family: Saxispiralis lemnorum gen. et sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellales), Isolated from Deteriorated Limestone in the Lemos Pantheon, Portugal." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2023): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090916.

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With an impressive ability to survive in harsh environments, black fungi are an ecological group of melanized fungi that are widely recognized as a major contributor to the biodeterioration of stone cultural heritage materials. As part of the ongoing efforts to study the fungal diversity thriving in a deteriorated limestone funerary art piece at the Lemos Pantheon, a national monument located in Águeda, Portugal, two isolates of an unknown microcolonial black fungus were retrieved. These isolates were thoroughly studied through a comprehensive analysis based on a multi-locus phylogeny of a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, LSU, and rpb2, along with morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics. Based on the data obtained from this integrative analysis, we propose a new genus, Saxispiralis gen. nov., and a new species, Saxispiralis lemnorum sp. nov., in the recently described Aeminiaceae family (order Mycosphaerellales). Prior to this discovery, this family only had one known genus and species, Aeminium ludgeri, also isolated from deteriorated limestone. Additionally, considering the isolation source of the fungus and to better understand its potential contribution to the overall stone monument biodeterioration, its in vitro biodeteriorative potential was also evaluated. This work represents a significant contribution to the understanding of the fungal diversity involved in the biodeterioration of limestone heritage.
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Văcar, Cristina Lorena, Cristina Mircea, Marcel Pârvu, and Dorina Podar. "Diversity and Metabolic Activity of Fungi Causing Biodeterioration of Canvas Paintings." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060589.

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Research into the biodeteriorative potential of fungi can serve as an indicator of the condition of heritage items. Biodeterioration of canvas paintings as a result of fungal metabolic activity is understudied with respect to both the species diversity and mechanisms involved. This study brings new evidence for the physiology of fungi biodeteriorative capacity of canvas paintings. Twenty-one fungal isolates were recovered from four oil paintings (The Art Museum, Cluj-Napoca) and one gouache painting (private collection), dating from the 18th to 20th centuries. The species, identified based on the molecular markers Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub2), or translation elongation factor 1 (TEF-1), are common colonisers of canvas paintings or indoor environments (e.g., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp.). Fungi enzymatic profiles were investigated by means of hydrolysable substrates, included in culture media or in test strips, containing components commonly used in canvas paintings. The pigment solubilisation capacity was assessed in culture media for the primary pigments and studied in relation to the organic acid secretion. Caseinases, amylases, gelatinases, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, and β-glucosidase were found to be the enzymes most likely involved in the processes of substrate colonisation and breakdown of its components. Aureobasidium genus was found to hold the strongest biodeteriorative potential, followed by Cladosporium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Aspergillus. Blue pigment solubilisation was detected, occurring as a result of organic acids secretion. Distinct clusters were delineated considering the metabolic activities detected, indicating that fungi specialise in utilisation of certain types of substrates. It was found that both aged and modern artworks are at risk of fungal biodeterioration, due to the enzymatic activities’ diversity and intensity, pigment solubilisation capacity or pigment secretion.
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5

Rinanti, Astri, Astari Minarti, Melati Ferianita Fachrul, and Thalia Sunaryo. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status on Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage during 2018-2022." Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1803rjbt24038.

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Biodeterioration occurs through the availability of biotic and abiotic factors favoring the growth of harmful fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms on cultural heritage. Thus, biodeterioration mechanism has raised a global concern since it is commonly detected on cultural heritage buildings located in specific geographical locations such as southern European countries. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and OpenRefine for data cleaning by obtaining data from Scopus database of peer-reviewed publications to provide an overview of scientific literatures on biodeterioration. A total of 537 articles were analyzed within the period of 2018 – 2022 to acquire the current status of biodeterioration issue. 537 documents on biodeterioration were published by 1451 organizations from 68 countries. The co-authorship network map generated the trend of authors in biodeterioration research that identified the most productive author from China and organization from Japan. The co-occurrence network map of the keywords presented the significant interrelations of biodeterioration research field with the development of natural biocides to cope with the colonization of fungi and bacteria on cultural heritage. These results are expected to support the understanding of the intellectual structure of biodeterioration research.
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6

Capuzzo, Judith McDowell, Mary Frances Thompson, Rachakonda Sarojini, and Rachakonda Nagabhushanam. "Marine Biodeterioration." Journal of Crustacean Biology 9, no. 4 (November 1989): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548599.

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7

BRYCKI, BOGUMIŁ. "Gemini Alkylammonium Salts as Biodeterioration Inhibitors." Polish Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 4 (2010): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2010-035.

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To protect materials against biodeterioration, physical, biological or chemical methods can be used. Chemical inhibitors of biodeterioration are the most common and effective. A new class of chemical inhibitors-gemini alkylammonium salts-shows excellent biocidal properties and good ecological profile. These compounds can be applied as biodeterioration inhibitors in a wide variety of materials.
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8

Eggins, H. O. W., and T. A. Oxley. "Biodeterioration and biodegradation." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 48, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(01)00062-2.

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9

Drummond, D. C. "Rodents and biodeterioration." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 48, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(01)00073-7.

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Szostak-Kotowa, Jadwiga. "Biodeterioration of textiles." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 53, no. 3 (April 2004): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(03)00090-8.

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11

Eaton, R. D. "Introduction to Biodeterioration." International Biodeterioration 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(88)90076-0.

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12

Crook, Brian. "Biodeterioration research 2." International Biodeterioration 26, no. 5 (January 1990): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(90)90028-6.

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13

Lodge, James P. "Biodeterioration Research 1." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 12 (January 1988): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90462-3.

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14

Meier, J. "Biodeterioration research I." Toxicon 28, no. 6 (January 1990): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(90)90280-k.

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15

Riadi, Imam. "Detection DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI KAPANG PADA PROSES BIODETERIORASI ARSIP FOTO MEMORY OF THE WORLD (MOW) RESTORASI CANDI BOROBUDUR." Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v15i1.255.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the genus of mold in the biodeterioration process of the photo archive of Memory of the World (MoW) restoration of Borobudur Temple and the potential for the enzymatic activity of these molds. The type of research method chosen is descriptive qualitative. Starting with survey sampling and sampling. Inoculation of fungi using the streak method on PDA medium. Mold identification based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of fungi. The results of characterization were then identified using the matching profile method using the mold identification reference book. The identification results resulted in six genera of contaminant molds in the biodeterioration of the MoW photo archive of the Borobudur Temple restoration. The genera identified included: Acremonium (69.66 %%), Penicillium (14.59%), Aspergillus (3.36%), Culvularia (2.24%) Fusarium (1.12%), and Pleurostomophora (1.12%) and some sterile mycelia. The types of biodeterioration in the photo collection include mold growth, discolored spots, peeling off layers, and damage to the substrate in the photo. Based on literature search, all mold genera found as the cause of biodeterioration has the potential to have proteinase, gelatinase, and cellulase enzymes. Keywords: Biodeterioration; Mold; Photograph; Memory of the World; Borobudur Temple
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16

MOMOHARA, IKUO. "Enzymology on Biodeterioration of Wood. (II). Enzymes related to lignin biodeterioration." Wood Preservation 21, no. 4 (1995): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.21.163.

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17

Nonthijun, Paradha, Natasha Mills, Nantana Mills, Rujipas Yongsawas, Chakriya Sansupa, Nakarin Suwannarach, Churdsak Jaikang, et al. "Seasonal Variations in Fungal Communities on the Surfaces of Lan Na Sandstone Sculptures and Their Biodeterioration Capacities." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080833.

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Environmental factors and climate are the primary factors influencing the microbial colonization and deterioration of cultural heritage in outdoor environments. Hence, it is imperative to investigate seasonal variations in microbial communities and the biodeterioration they cause. This study investigated the surfaces of sandstone sculptures at Wat Umong Suan Phutthatham, Chiang Mai, Thailand, during wet and dry seasons using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. The fungi isolated from the sandstone sculptures were assessed for biodeterioration attributes including drought tolerance, acid production, calcium crystal formation, and calcium precipitation. The results show that most of the fungal isolates exhibited significant potential for biodeterioration activities. Furthermore, a culture-independent approach was employed to investigate the fungal communities and assess their diversity, interrelationship, and predicted function. The fungal diversity and the communities varied seasonally. The functional prediction indicated that pathotroph–saprotroph fungi comprised the main fungal guild in the dry season, and pathotroph–saprotroph–symbiotroph fungi comprised the dominant guild in the wet season. Remarkably, a network analysis revealed numerous positive correlations among fungal taxa within each season, suggesting a potential synergy that promotes the biodeterioration of sandstone. These findings offer valuable insights into seasonal variations in fungal communities and their impacts on the biodeterioration of sandstone sculptures. This information can be utilized for monitoring, management, and maintenance strategies aimed at preserving this valuable cultural heritage.
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18

Kurtböke, Ipek, Irina Ivshina, and Linda L. Blackall. "Microbial biodeterioration and biodegradation." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18036.

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Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi can use a wide variety of organic compounds as their carbon and energy sources and exploit numerous options as electron acceptors facilitating their ability to live in diverse environments. Such microbial biodegradative activities can result in the bioremediation of polluted sites or cause biodeterioration. Biodegradation and biodeterioration are closely related processes, and they often involve the same organisms, processes and materials.
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19

Martino, Patrick Di. "Biodeterioration of Stone Monuments." Open Conference Proceedings Journal 7, Suppl 1: M1 (April 8, 2016): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201607020012.

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20

Strang, Thomas J. K., and Robert J. Koestler. "Biodeterioration of Cultural Property." Studies in Conservation 38, no. 2 (May 1993): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506468.

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21

Goynes, Wilton R., Jerry P. Moreau, Anthony J. Delucca, and Bruce F. Ingber. "Biodeterioration of Nonwoven Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 65, no. 8 (August 1995): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759506500809.

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Walsh, J. H. "Ecological considerations of biodeterioration." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 48, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(01)00063-4.

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23

Strzelczyk, A. B., L. Bannach, and A. Kurowska. "Biodeterioration of archeological leather." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 39, no. 4 (January 1997): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(97)00026-7.

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24

Saldaña, Marleny D. A. "Food biodeterioration and preservation." Trends in Food Science & Technology 20, no. 11-12 (December 2009): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2009.10.003.

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Lloyd, Arthur O. "Biodeterioration society news items." International Biodeterioration 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(88)90075-9.

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Springle, R. "Biodeterioration of wood coatings." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)84352-6.

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Kondratyeva, I. A., A. A. Gorbushina, and A. I. Boikova. "Biodeterioration of construction materials." Glass Physics and Chemistry 32, no. 2 (March 2006): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659606020209.

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Evans, Elaine, and Brian McCarthy. "Biodeterioration of natural fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 114, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1998.tb01958.x.

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29

Taylor, David W., and John F. Kennedy. "Biodeterioration and biodegradation 8." Carbohydrate Polymers 21, no. 2-3 (January 1993): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(93)90022-v.

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Monte, Michela, and Romolo Ferrari. "Biodeterioration in subterranean environments." Aerobiologia 9, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02066255.

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31

Hill, E. C. "Biodeterioration of Petroleum Products." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 24, no. 4-5 (April 25, 2007): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2720240414.

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32

Gutarowska, Beata. "Moulds in biodeterioration of technical materials." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 10 (November 30, 2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fobio-2014-0012.

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Moulds are microorganisms which play the key role in biodeterioration of technical materials which results from their physiological features and metabolism. Technical materials constitute the source of carbon and energy (wood, paper, textiles, fuels, leather) or the surface for fungal growth (bricks, stone, metal, glass). Moulds characterized by a high biodeterioration activity – enzymatic and acidic, belong mainly to the following genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Chaetomium. Members of some taxa (besides the aforementioned also e.g. Stachybotrys, Alternaria, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Scopulariopsis, Trichophyton) growing on technical substances and producing allergens and mycotoxins cause health hazards. Therefore, basing on the knowledge about conditions for mould development and biodeterioration mechanisms, we should appropriately preserve materials against mould growth. Looking for new disinfection methods safe for technical substances in order to inhibit mould growth is also important. Protective applications of biocides should be limited only to materials most sensitive to biodeterioration (paper, textiles, fuels, paints). On the one hand we should take into consideration environmental protection, on the other production of durable, biodegradable materials ensuring the product life cycle.
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De Leo, Filomena, Alessia Marchetta, and Clara Urzì. "Black Fungi on Stone-Built Heritage: Current Knowledge and Future Outlook." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083969.

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Black fungi are considered as one of the main group of microorganisms responsible for the biodeterioration of stone cultural heritage artifacts. In this paper, we provide a critical analysis and review of more than 30 years of studies on black fungi isolated from stone-built heritage from 1990 to date. More than 109 papers concerning the fungal biodeterioration activity of stone were analysed. The main findings were a check list of the black fungal taxa involved in the biodeterioration of stone-built heritage, with a particular reference to meristematic black fungi, the main biodeterioration pattern attributed to them, and the methods of study including the new molecular advances. A particular focus was to discuss the current approaches to control black fungi from stone-built heritage and future perspectives. Black fungi are notoriously hard to remove or mitigate, so new methods of study and of control are needed, but it is also important to combine classical methods with new approaches to improve current knowledge to implement future conservation strategies.
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Khaldeeva, E. V., N. I. Glushko, S. A. Lisovskaya, V. R. Parshakov, and G. G. Khaidarova. "Indoor fungal contamination as a biological risk factor." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-513.

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Aim. To assess the degree of fungal contamination and the species composition of the fungal microbiota of residential apartments in Kazan Methods. A mycological study of 90 air samples and 60 samples from sites of fungal biodeterioration from the residential buildings of Kazan was carried out using cultural and microscopic methods. Results. The presence of micromycetes fungi were detected in 90% of air samples and 100% of samples from sites of biodeterioration. Higher fungal species diversity was noted in the sites, compared with air samples. Fungal concentrations in indoor air varied between 8 and 360 CFU/m3. Fungal community composition analysis of the sites of biodeterioration showed that the surfaces were more frequently contaminated by undemanding and capable of growth at different moisture levels fungal species (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus stolonifer). The resulting fungal plaque can create conditions favorable for aggressive fungal species that actively damage materials (Chaetomium spp., Acremonium spp., Aureubasidium spp). Allergenic fungi, as well as potentially pathogenic and toxin-forming species, were widespread in the air that can be a health risk factor. A quantitative assessment of air mycobiota indicated the moderate level of fungal contamination. Conclusion. The presence of potentially pathogenic, allergenic and biodegradable fungal species in the sites of biodeterioration has been confirmed, as well as the relationship between airborne fungal contamination and the spread of fungi in indoors, confirming the need to prevent fungal biodeterioration and control indoor air quality.
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Sala-Luis, Agustí, Haizea Oliveira-Urquiri, Pilar Bosch-Roig, and Susana Martín-Rey. "Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting." Coatings 14, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124.

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Eliminating and controlling fungal biodeterioration is one of the most important challenges of easel painting conservation. Historically, the pathologies produced by biodeterioration agents had been treated with non-specific products or with biocides specially designed for conservation but risky for human health or the environment due to their toxicity. In recent years, the number of research that studied more respectful solutions for the disinfection of paintings has increased, contributing to society’s efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, an overview of the biodeterioration issues of the easel paintings is presented, critically analyzing chemical and eco-sustainable approaches to prevent or eradicate biodeterioration. Concretely, Essential Oils and light radiations are studied in comparison with the most used chemical biocides in the field, including acids, alcohols, and quaternary ammonium salts. This review describes those strategies’ biocidal mechanisms, efficiency, and reported applications in vitro assays on plates, mockups, and real scale. Benefits and drawbacks are evaluated, including workability, easel painting material alterations, health risks, and environmental sustainability. This review shows innovative and eco-friendly methods from an easel painting conservation perspective, detecting its challenges and opportunities to develop biocontrol strategies to substitute traditional chemical products.
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Austigard, Mari Sand, and Johan Mattsson. "Monitoring climate change related biodeterioration of protected historic buildings." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-11-2018-0094.

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Purpose Expected rates of biodeterioration in heritage buildings under historic conditions are well known. Deteriorating organisms will benefit from a warmer and wetter climate, giving faster and less predictable rates of deterioration. The Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Norway has requested development of a programme for long-term monitoring of climate change impacts to historic buildings. The development process and resulting monitoring system are previously described. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach An initial conditions survey is performed, and reference points are chosen in each building. Two microclimatic biodeterioration monitoring panels (MBM panels) are mounted in every building. The MBM panels monitor temperature, relative humidity and wood moisture content, and have standard wooden blocks for investigation of mould growth. The panels will show both the influence of outdoor climate on microclimate inside the building, and the connection between microclimate and activity of degrading organisms. Findings High competence and multi-disciplinary approach from the personnel involved are essential to balance flexibility and rigidity and decide the damages that are probably influenced by climate change. Extensive knowledge and experience in surveys of biodeterioration damages in heritage buildings is necessary to distinguish “normal” biodeterioration from biodeterioration caused by climate changes. The MBM panels are essential for possible establishment of causality between damages and climate change. Originality/value The authors believe that the methods described give the best possible grounds for future evaluation of damages and microclimatic conditions in buildings compared to changes in regional climatic conditions. Establishment of causality between climate change and development in biological deterioration is still a challenging task.
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Zhang, Yong, Min Su, Fasi Wu, Ji-Dong Gu, Jie Li, Dongpeng He, Qinglin Guo, Huiping Cui, Qi Zhang, and Huyuan Feng. "Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020429.

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Microbial colonization on stone monuments leads to subsequent biodeterioration; determining the microbe diversity, compositions, and metabolic capacities is essential for understanding biodeterioration mechanisms and undertaking heritage management. Here, samples of epilithic biofilm and naturally weathered and exfoliated sandstone particles from different locations at the Beishiku Temple were collected to investigate bacterial and fungal community diversity and structure using a culture-based method. The biodeterioration potential of isolated fungal strains was analyzed in terms of pigmentation, calcite dissolution, organic acids, biomineralization ability, and biocide susceptibility. The results showed that the diversities and communities of bacteria and fungi differed for the different sample types from different locations. The population of culturable microorganisms in biofilm samples was more abundant than that present in the samples exposed to natural weathering. The environmental temperature, relative humidity, and pH were closely related to the variation in and distribution of microbial communities. Fungal biodeterioration tests showed that isolated strains four and five were pigment producers and capable of dissolving carbonates, respectively. Their biomineralization through the precipitation of calcium oxalate and calcite carbonate could be potentially applied as a biotechnology for stone heritage consolidation and the mitigation of weathering for monuments. This study adds to our understanding of culturable microbial communities and the bioprotection potential of fungal biomineralization.
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Pekhtasheva, Elena, Anatoly Neverov, Stefan Kubica, and Gennady Zaikov. "Biodegradation and Biodeterioration of Some Natural Polymers." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2012): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.03.263.

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39

UDAGAWA, Shun-ichi. "Food-borne fungi and biodeterioration." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 28, no. 4 (1987): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.28.219.

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Cutler, Nick, and Heather Viles. "Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Stone Biodeterioration." Geomicrobiology Journal 27, no. 6-7 (September 10, 2010): 630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451003702933.

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Luptáková, Alena, Adriana Eštoková, Eva Mačingová, Martina Kovalčíková, and Jana Jenčárová. "Biodeterioration of the Cement Composites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (October 2016): 052025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025.

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Warscheid, Th, and J. Braams. "Biodeterioration of stone: a review." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 46, no. 4 (December 2000): 343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(00)00109-8.

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J. Kelley. "Biodeterioration society annual general meeting." International Biodeterioration 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(90)90039-a.

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Saiz-Jimenez, C., J. Garcia-Rowe, and J. M. Rodriguez-Hidalgo. "Biodeterioration of polychrome Roman mosaics." International Biodeterioration 28, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(91)90034-o.

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Gochel, M., M. Belly, and J. Knott. "Biodeterioration of wool during storage." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(92)90026-k.

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Morton, L. H. G., and S. B. Surman. "Biofilms in biodeterioration — a review." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 34, no. 3-4 (January 1994): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(94)90083-3.

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Silver, Simon. "Bioextraction and Biodeterioration of Metals." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)84297-1.

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Kikuchi, Yasushi. "Microbialy Influenced Corrosion and Biodeterioration." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 47, no. 12 (1998): 758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.47.758.

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Richardson, B. A. "Cot mattress biodeterioration and SIDS." Lancet 335, no. 8690 (March 1990): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90463-f.

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Setua, D. K., G. D. Pandey, R. Indusekhar, and G. N. Mathur. "Biodeterioration of coated nylon fabric." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 75, no. 5 (January 31, 2000): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000131)75:5<685::aid-app11>3.0.co;2-0.

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