Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biodiversity hotspots

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biodiversity hotspots'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Reid, Walter V. "Biodiversity hotspots." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13, no. 7 (July 1998): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01363-9.

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Huang, Jihong, Canran Liu, Zhongjun Guo, Keping Ma, Runguo Zang, Yi Ding, Xinghui Lu, Jiping Wang, and Ruoyun Yu. "Seed plant features, distribution patterns, diversity hotspots, and conservation gaps in Xinjiang, China." Nature Conservation 27 (June 7, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.27.23728.

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The flora in Xinjiang is unique. Decisions about biodiversity conservation and management based on seed plant diversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Xinjiang are essential to maintain this unique flora. Based on a species distribution dataset of seed plants, we measured seed plant diversity using species richness and phylogenetic diversity indices. Five percent of Xinjiang’s total land area with the highest biodiversity was used to identify hotspots for each index. In total, eight hotspots were identified. Most hotspots were located in mountainous areas, mainly in the Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. Furthermore, we detected conservation gaps for Xinjiang’s seed flora hotspots by overlaying nature reserve maps on to maps of identified hotspots and we designated priority conservation gaps for hotspots by overlaying global biodiversity hotspot maps on to hotspot conservation gaps maps. Most of Xinjiang’s seed plant hotspots are poorly protected; only 10.45% of these hotspots were covered by nature reserves. We suggest that it is essential to promote network function of nature reserves within these hotspots in Xinjiang to conserve this unique flora.
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NORMAN, MYERS. "Biodiversity Hotspots Revisited." BioScience 53, no. 10 (2003): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0916:bhr]2.0.co;2.

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Sundaram, Mekala, Michael J. Donoghue, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, Sarah Mathews, Walter Jetz, and Andrew B. Leslie. "Accumulation over evolutionary time as a major cause of biodiversity hotspots in conifers." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1912 (October 9, 2019): 20191887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1887.

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Biodiversity hotspots are important for understanding how areas of high species richness form, but disentangling the processes that produce them is difficult. We combine geographical ranges, phylogenetic relationships and trait data for 606 conifer species in order to explore the mechanisms underlying richness hotspot formation. We identify eight richness hotspots that overlap known centres of plant endemism and diversity, and find that conifer richness hotspots occur in mountainous areas within broader regions of long-term climate stability. Conifer hotspots are not unique in their species composition, traits or phylogenetic structure; however, a large percentage of their species are not restricted to hotspots and they rarely show either a preponderance of new radiating lineages or old relictual lineages. We suggest that conifer hotspots have primarily formed as a result of lineages accumulating over evolutionary time scales in stable mountainous areas rather than through high origination, preferential retention of relictual lineages or radiation of species with unique traits, although such processes may contribute to nuanced differences among hotspots. Conifers suggest that a simple accumulation of regional diversity can generate high species richness without additional processes and that geography rather than biology may play a primary role in hotspot formation.
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Cunningham, Caitlin, and Karen Beazley. "Changes in Human Population Density and Protected Areas in Terrestrial Global Biodiversity Hotspots, 1995–2015." Land 7, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040136.

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Biodiversity hotspots are rich in endemic species and threatened by anthropogenic influences and, thus, considered priorities for conservation. In this study, conservation achievements in 36 global biodiversity hotspots (25 identified in 1988, 10 added in 2011, and one in 2016) were evaluated in relation to changes in human population density and protected area coverage between 1995 and 2015. Population densities were compared against 1995 global averages, and percentages of protected area coverage were compared against area-based targets outlined in Aichi target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (17% by 2020) and calls for half Earth (50%). The two factors (average population density and percent protected area coverage) for each hotspot were then plotted to evaluate relative levels of threat to biodiversity conservation. Average population densities in biodiversity hotspots increased by 36% over the 20-year period, and were double the global average. The protected area target of 17% is achieved in 19 of the 36 hotspots; the 17 hotspots where this target has not been met are economically disadvantaged areas as defined by Gross Domestic Product. In 2015, there are seven fewer hotspots (22 in 1995; 15 in 2015) in the highest threat category (i.e., population density exceeding global average, and protected area coverage less than 17%). In the lowest threat category (i.e., population density below the global average, and a protected area coverage of 17% or more), there are two additional hotspots in 2015 as compared to 1995, attributable to gains in protected area. Only two hotspots achieve a target of 50% protection. Although conservation progress has been made in most global biodiversity hotspots, additional efforts are needed to slow and/or reduce population density and achieve protected area targets. Such conservation efforts are likely to require more coordinated and collaborative initiatives, attention to biodiversity objectives beyond protected areas, and support from the global community.
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Mihaljević, Morana, Chelsea Korpanty, Willem Renema, Kevin Welsh, and John M. Pandolfi. "Identifying patterns and drivers of coral diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot." Paleobiology 43, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.1.

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AbstractBiodiversity hotspots are increasingly recognized as areas of high taxonomic and functional diversity. These hotspots are dynamic and shift geographically over time in response to environmental change. To identify drivers of the origin, evolution, and persistence of diversity hotspots, we investigated the diversity patterns of reef-building corals (Scleractinia) in the Central Indo-Pacific, a marine biodiversity hotspot for the last 25 Myr. We used the scleractinian fossil record (based on literature and a newly acquired fossil collection) to examine the taxonomic and functional diversity of corals from the Eocene to Pliocene. Our data identify potential drivers of coral diversity through time (and space) in the Central Indo-Pacific by constraining the timing of taxonomic turnover events and correlating them with known environmental changes. Increases in taxonomic diversity, high origination rates, and changes in abundance of functional character states indicate that the origin of the Central Indo-Pacific hotspot occurred during the Oligocene, initially through proliferation of pre-existing taxa and then by origination of new taxa. In contrast to taxonomic diversity, overall functional diversity of Central Indo-Pacific reef-building corals remained constant from the Eocene to the Pliocene. Our results identify global sea level as a main driver of diversity increase that, together with local tectonics, regulates availability of suitable habitats. Moreover, marine biodiversity hotspots develop from both the accumulation of taxa from older biodiversity hotspots and origination of new taxa. Our study demonstrates the utility of a combined literature-based and new collection approach for gaining new insights into the timing, drivers, and development of tropical biodiversity hotspots.
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Pipan, Tanja, Louis Deharveng, and David C. Culver. "Hotspots of Subterranean Biodiversity." Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050209.

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Worldwide, caves and groundwater habitats harbor thousands of species modified and limited to subterranean habitats in karst. Data are concentrated in Europe and USA, where a number of detailed analyses have been performed. Much less is known with respect to global patterns due to a lack of data. This special issue will focus on and discuss the global patterns of individual hotspot caves and groundwater habitats.
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HANSON, THOR, THOMAS M. BROOKS, GUSTAVO A. B. DA FONSECA, MICHAEL HOFFMANN, JOHN F. LAMOREUX, GARY MACHLIS, CRISTINA G. MITTERMEIER, RUSSELL A. MITTERMEIER, and JOHN D. PILGRIM. "Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots." Conservation Biology 23, no. 3 (June 2009): 578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01166.x.

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Kitching, Roger. "Biodiversity, hotspots and defiance." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 12 (December 2000): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)02001-2.

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Xu, Si-Yuan, Tian-Ci Yi, Jian-Jun Guo, and Dao-Chao Jin. "Four New Species of Larval Charletonia and Leptus (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), with a Checklist of the Two Genera and Their Hosts from China." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121154.

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Four new species, Charletonia rectangia Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) bomiensis Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) longisolenidionus Xu and Jin sp. nov., and Leptus (Leptus) striatus Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. All four new species are from biodiversity hotspots, L. (L.) bomiensissp. nov. from the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot, while the other three species from the Indo–Burma biodiversity hotspot.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Prendergast, John Richard. "Biodiversity hotspots in Britain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300123.

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Norström, Paananen Marcus, Magnus Boström, and Christian Ahlgren. "Power Lines - Wasteland or Biodiversity Hotspots?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4541.

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Det svenska kulturlandskapet har förändrats radikalt under de senaste 200 åren från ett varierat och heterogent landskap till ett mer monotont, homogeniserat landskap som följd av att olika former av mänskligt resursutnyttjande har effektiviserats. Detta har lett till en fragmentering av livsmiljöerna för flera av kulturlandskapets arter. Kraftledningsgator kan tänkas hysa naturtyper som påminner om vissa av de nu försvunna eller fragmenterade livsmiljöerna (t ex betad skogsmark och vissa typer av ängsmarker) och skulle kunna ha en viktig betydelse som reträttplats och/eller spridningskorridor för dessa arter.

I en fallfällsinventering i Köpings och Strängnäs kommun i Mälardalen undersöktes förekomst och abundans av marklevande evertebrater i kraftledningsgator, skog och betesmark. Jämförelser i förekomst och abundans gjordes mellan dessa marktyper (d v s kraftledningsgator, skog och betesmark), samt mellan positioner inom kraftledningsgator (centrala och distala delar) och närliggande skogsmark. Jämförelserna innefattade dels analyser av artantal (eller snarare antal taxa) och flera olika biodiversitetsindex och dels analyser av likhet i artförekomst och individantal med "likhetsindex" (similarity index). Separata analyser gjordes inom olika taxonomiska grupper (t ex alla taxa, endast inom insekter, endast inom spindeldjur). Antalet replikat tillät statistisk testning av eventuella mönster i antal taxa och biodiversitetsindex.

Inga signifikanta skillnader dokumenterades, varken mellan de olika marktyperna eller mellan positioner inom kraftledningsgator och närliggande skog. Vi tolkar dessa resultat som att kraftledningsgator med avseende på antal taxa respektive biodiversitet inte är (signifikant) sämre än skogs- eller betesmark. Det kan betonas att det inte heller fanns något konsekvent (icke-signifikant) mönster som pekade på att så skulle vara fallet. Antal taxa och biodiversitetsindex tar ingen hänsyn till vilka arter eller taxa som ingår i analyserna. En naturtyp som hyser en individ- och artrik fauna bestående av oönskade arter (introducerade arter, "skadedjur" etc.) registrerar t ex ett högre biodiversitetsindex än en naturtyp med fåtaligt förekommande rödlistade, skyddsvärda arter. Likhetsindex belyser bättre vilka arter som är inblandade. Visserligen tas inte heller här hänsyn till exakt vilka arter som ingår (eller deras eventuella önskvärdhet eller skyddsvärde), men ett högt index indikerar att samma arter förekommer i de jämförda naturtyperna. I denna studie indikerar ett högt likhetsindex dessutom att antalet individer av de inblandade arterna är likartat, eftersom ett index som tar hänsyn till abundans användes.

Resultaten visade överlag höga likhetsindex, speciellt verkade kraftledningsgator och skogsmark hysa likartad evertebratfauna medan likheten mellan kraftledningsgator och betesmark var mindre uttalad. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar studien att kraftledningsgator inte verkar vara lågvärdiga livsmiljöer för de marklevande evertebrat-taxa som ingått i studien. Vi föreslår att kraftledningsgator med väl avvägda rutiner för röjning och skötsel skulle kunna spela en viktig roll i skapandet av artrika kantzoner eller marker som liknar ängs- eller betesmarker med svag hävd.


As a consequence of the intensification of various forms of human resource utilization rural Sweden has changed radically over the past 200 years from offering a varied and diverse landscape to a more monotonous, homogenised type of environment. This has led to fragmentation of habitats for many of the species occurring. Power line corridors might harbour habitats that resemble some of the now lost or fragmented habitats (e.g. grazed forest land and certain types of meadow), and could have important functions as refuge habitats and / or distribution corridors for these species.

In a pitfall trap study in Köping and Strängnäs municipalities in Mälardalen, the occurrence and abundance of ground-living invertebrates were investigated in power line corridors, adjoining forest and pastures. Comparisons were made between these habitat types, and between positions within the power line corridor (central and distal parts) and the nearby forested area. The comparisons included analysis of number of species (or rather the number of taxa) and several biodiversity indexes, as well as analysis of the similarity of the occurrence of certain species and individual numbers by use of "similarity index". Separate tests were made in different taxonomic groups (e.g. all taxa, only within insects, only within spiders). The number of replicates allowed statistical testing of patterns in the number of taxa and biodiversity index.

No significant differences were documented, neither between the different habitat types, nor between positions in the power line corridors and nearby forest. There was also no consistent (non-significant) pattern indicating that this would be the case. We suggest these results to indicate that power line corridors at least are not (significantly) poorer quality habitats than are forest or pasture land with regard to number of taxa and biodiversity. Number of taxa and biodiversity indices take no account of the species or taxa included in the analysis. Thus the same weight is assigned to an unwanted species (e.g. an invasive pest species or parasite) as to a red-listed, highly valued species. Similarity index takes more heed to the species involved. Although similarity indices do not consider the exact identity of involved species (or their possible value or desirability), a high index value indicates that the same species occur in the compared habitats. In this study, where an index that takes into account the abundance of species was used, a high similarity index value also indicates that the numbers of individuals are similar.

Overall, the results showed high similarity between habitat types. This would suggest that, to a large extent, power lines, forest and pasture land had the same composition of taxa, and that the taxa had similar abundances. Power lines and forest seemed to exhibit particularly high similarities, whereas the similarity between power lines and pasture land was less pronounced. Thus, this study indicates, in contrast to several previous suggestions, that power line corridors do not seem to be low quality habitats. We also suggest that power line corridors with well designed management routines could play an important role creating edges and habitats resembling meadow or low intensity grazed pasture land.

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Pulliam, Robert. "Evolutionary history of amphibians in biodiversity hotspots." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6021.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains 32 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-19). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Martin, Thomas Edward. "Avifauna and anthropogenic forest disturbance in two biodiversity hotspots." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543999.

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Schnitzler, Jan. "Biotic interactions and species diversification in Southern African biodiversity hotspots." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5946.

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The south-western tip of Africa holds unique levels of species richness and endemism, and contains two hotspots of biodiversity: the Cape Floristic Region and the Succulent Karoo. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the radiation of the region’s diverse flora. However, due to the lack of comprehensive, comparative studies, the major forces that drive plant diversification have remained unclear. My thesis combines near-complete specieslevel molecular phylogenies with detailed biological, ecological and biogeographical information to investigate the evolutionary processes generating southern Africa's exceptional plant diversity. I demonstrate that in the genus Babiana (Iridaceae) climatic niches retain a high degree of phylogenetic conservatism, and show that species of Babiana were only able to successfully extend their range into new biomes with the establishment of more favourable climates. Additionally, results indicate that floral characters in Babiana evolve according to a new 'reversible shift' model, which better explains the evolution of pollination systems through multi-directional transitions in a diverse pollinator environment. These findings challenge the commonly held idea that floral specialisation is an evolutionary dead-end and offer new perspectives towards our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions. Analyses of a comprehensive data set of four large Cape clades show that the temporal dynamics of plant radiations in southern Africa confirm that the flora represents a combination of ancient and young radiations, and that diversification rates have remained constant through time. Finally, I reveal that although several biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the diversity, soil-type shifts is the most important driver of plant diversification in southern Africa. Together with complex geomorphological conditions, this factor, rather than pollinator specialisation or phenological divergence, has given rise to the exceptional diversity found in this region today. Comparisons with other biodiversity hotspots, especially those with Mediterranean climates, will reveal whether this is a global scenario for the evolution of hyper-diverse floras.
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Grocott, Michael. "Hydrology of paraglacial catchments in a changing climate : impacts on biodiversity hotspots." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6978/.

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Groundwater (GW) -fed streams are a common feature of paraglacial floodplains and are regarded as ‘biodiversity hotspots’, due to their role as valuable aquatic habitats. The hydrological dynamics which support GW-fed streams remain poorly understood. There is a need to improve understanding given paraglacial environments are extremely sensitive to the impacts of climate change. To address this significant knowledge gap site specific research was conducted on GW-fed streams within Denali National Park & Preserve, Alaska, during 2013 and 2014. Hydrometric, hydrochemical, hydrogeomorphic, and geophysical techniques were utilised to improve understanding of the hydrological dynamics and hydrogeomorphic controls that influence GW-fed stream occurrence. Paleochannels across paraglacial floodplains were identified as important preferential flow pathways (PFPs); and a first-order control upon GW-fed streams. In addition hillslope-runoff was established as an important hydrological flux to GW-fed streams. Colluvial deposits (e.g. talus cones) were highlighted as valuable hydrological stores on valleys-sides that made a direct contribution to streamflow. This research has raised concerns about the long-term stability of GW-fed streams in paraglacial environments due to changes in hydrogeomorphic controls (PFPs). It has also raised more immediate concerns about the short- to medium-term implications of shifting hydrologic regimes (e.g. declining winter snowpack) for GW-fed streams.
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Soccodato, Alice. "Planktonic biodiversity hotspots in the open ocean : detection, drivers and implications at the global scale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066549/document.

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Les patterns de biodiversité et les mécanismes qui les maintiennent ont toujours intéressé les biologistes et ont été abordés en considérant des facteurs géologiques, évolutifs et écologiques. Les processus écologiques qui déterminent la co-occurrence des espèces diffèrent en fonction de l'environnement physique de l'écosystème. De nombreuses théories ont proposé des relations entre les tendances observées dans la diversité des espèces et les caractéristiques physiques de l’environnement à grande échelle. Dans les milieux terrestres et aquatiques, l’impact de la température sur la distribution de la biodiversité compte parmi les facteurs les plus influentes et étudiés. Toutefois, de nombreux taxa marins représentent des exceptions à cette influence primaire de la température, alors qu'une fraction dominante des espèces marines est planctonique ou à larves dispersibles. La dispersion par le transport physique a certainement un impact majeur sur les patterns d'abondance des espèces dans l’environnement marin. Certains courants océaniques peuvent en effet contraindre la distribution des stades planctoniques de certaines espèces, même lorsque les paramètres démographiques et physiologiques des espèces sont insensibles aux propriétés de l'eau. Les mécanismes de transport peuvent donc influencer la distribution de la diversité à toutes les échelles, de l’individu aux populations jusqu’aux espèces. Contrairement aux écosystèmes terrestres, les écosystèmes en milieu marin sont sujets à une variabilité dont les échelles spatiales et temporelles sont dictées par les processus du transport physique turbulent. Cet aspect complique l’obtention d’informations synoptiques sur la distribution des espèces marines au niveau global et à haute résolution, alors que cette vision globale est essentielle pour pouvoir comprendre les patterns de biodiversité et les mécanismes impliqués dans leurs variations. En outre, les hotspots de biodiversité sont d’importance primaire pour les efforts de conservation. Les objectifs de cet étude sont les suivants: identifier les hotspots de biodiversité pélagique des producteurs primaires à l'échelle globale et à haute résolution; déterminer les processus physiques de l'océan qui contrôlent la dynamique spatio-temporelle des hotspots, en se focalisant sur les mécanismes de transport, de dispersion, advection et mélange; étudier l'influence de ces mécanismes de structuration de la biodiversité sur les niveaux trophiques supérieurs.Pour obtenir ces résultats, les informations sur les parcelles d’eaux aux caractéristiques biophysiques cohérentes (‘niches fluido-dynamiques’) obtenues par satellite sont utilisées pour identifier les hotspots de biodiversité microbienne comme région de forte variabilité spatiale de ces niches. Ces hotspots et le rôle du transport dans leur structuration sont étudiés par l'analyse des modèles écologiques et biophysiques de circulation globale (Modèle ECCO2-Darwin) et par l’examen de données moléculaires et morphologiques sur la structure de la communauté in-situ collectées par l'expédition Tara Oceans et Atlantic Meridional Transect. Les possibles effets ‘bottom-up’ de la diversité des producteurs primaires sur les niveaux supérieurs de la chaine trophique sont évalués par comparaison avec des modèles globaux qui intègrent des bases de données in situ
Patterns of biodiversity and the mechanisms that maintain them have always interested biologists and have been addressed considering geological, evolutionary and ecological factors. Ecological processes that determine the co-occurrence of species differ according to the physical environment of the ecosystem. Many theories have proposed relationships between patterns in species diversity and large-scale physical features. In terrestrial and aquatic environments, the impact of temperature on the distribution of biodiversity is among the most influent and studied factors. However, many marine taxa are exceptions in the primary influence of temperature, since a large fraction of marine species is planktonic or with dispersible larvae. In the marine environment, dispersal through physical transport has a major impact on patterns of species abundance. Some ocean currents can indeed determine the distribution of planktonic stages of some species, even when demographic and physiological features of the species are unaffected by water properties. Transport mechanisms may therefore influence the distribution of diversity at all scales, from the individual to populations and species. Contrarily to the terrestrial environment, marine ecosystems are characterized by a variability that has spatial and temporal scales defined by specific biophysical processes of turbulent transport. This aspect makes it challenging to provide synoptic information on the distribution of marine species at the global level and at high resolution, features that are essential to understand patterns of biodiversity and the mechanisms involved in their changes. Moreover, hotspots of biodiversity are of primary concerns for conservation efforts. The objectives of this study are therefore: to identify biodiversity hotspots of pelagic primary producers on a global scale and at high resolution; to determine the physical ocean processes that control the spatial and temporal dynamics of such hotspots, focusing on transport-driven mechanisms like dispersion, advection and mixing; study the role of these mechanisms in the structuring of biodiversity at higher trophic levels.To obtain these results, information on water masses with coherent biophysical characteristics ('fluid-dynamical niches') obtained by remote sensing are used to identify hotspots of microbial biodiversity as regions of strong spatial patchiness. These hotspots and the role of transport in shaping their structure are studied by analysing ecological and biophysical global circulation models (Model-ECCO2 Darwin), together with molecular and morphological data on the structure of the community, obtained using in-situ data collected during the Tara-Oceans expedition and Atlantic Meridional Transect. The possible bottom-up effects of the diversity of primary producers on the upper levels of the food chain are evaluated by comparing them with global models integrated with data collected in situ.The ecological models coupled with ocean circulation, identified as biodiversity hotspots of primary producers the most dynamic areas of the global ocean characterized by increased turbulence, mixing and the presence of vortices. These oceanographic features can improve local productivity by transporting nutrients in the photic zone and increase biodiversity by the mixing of species typical of different water masses. In addition, maps of microbial biodiversity suggest a bottom up propagation of biodiversity across the ecosystem, hotspots for primary producers being positively correlated with regions where highest number of top predator species are observed
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Soccodato, Alice. "Planktonic biodiversity hotspots in the open ocean : detection, drivers and implications at the global scale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066549.

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Les patterns de biodiversité et les mécanismes qui les maintiennent ont toujours intéressé les biologistes et ont été abordés en considérant des facteurs géologiques, évolutifs et écologiques. Les processus écologiques qui déterminent la co-occurrence des espèces diffèrent en fonction de l'environnement physique de l'écosystème. De nombreuses théories ont proposé des relations entre les tendances observées dans la diversité des espèces et les caractéristiques physiques de l’environnement à grande échelle. Dans les milieux terrestres et aquatiques, l’impact de la température sur la distribution de la biodiversité compte parmi les facteurs les plus influentes et étudiés. Toutefois, de nombreux taxa marins représentent des exceptions à cette influence primaire de la température, alors qu'une fraction dominante des espèces marines est planctonique ou à larves dispersibles. La dispersion par le transport physique a certainement un impact majeur sur les patterns d'abondance des espèces dans l’environnement marin. Certains courants océaniques peuvent en effet contraindre la distribution des stades planctoniques de certaines espèces, même lorsque les paramètres démographiques et physiologiques des espèces sont insensibles aux propriétés de l'eau. Les mécanismes de transport peuvent donc influencer la distribution de la diversité à toutes les échelles, de l’individu aux populations jusqu’aux espèces. Contrairement aux écosystèmes terrestres, les écosystèmes en milieu marin sont sujets à une variabilité dont les échelles spatiales et temporelles sont dictées par les processus du transport physique turbulent. Cet aspect complique l’obtention d’informations synoptiques sur la distribution des espèces marines au niveau global et à haute résolution, alors que cette vision globale est essentielle pour pouvoir comprendre les patterns de biodiversité et les mécanismes impliqués dans leurs variations. En outre, les hotspots de biodiversité sont d’importance primaire pour les efforts de conservation. Les objectifs de cet étude sont les suivants: identifier les hotspots de biodiversité pélagique des producteurs primaires à l'échelle globale et à haute résolution; déterminer les processus physiques de l'océan qui contrôlent la dynamique spatio-temporelle des hotspots, en se focalisant sur les mécanismes de transport, de dispersion, advection et mélange; étudier l'influence de ces mécanismes de structuration de la biodiversité sur les niveaux trophiques supérieurs.Pour obtenir ces résultats, les informations sur les parcelles d’eaux aux caractéristiques biophysiques cohérentes (‘niches fluido-dynamiques’) obtenues par satellite sont utilisées pour identifier les hotspots de biodiversité microbienne comme région de forte variabilité spatiale de ces niches. Ces hotspots et le rôle du transport dans leur structuration sont étudiés par l'analyse des modèles écologiques et biophysiques de circulation globale (Modèle ECCO2-Darwin) et par l’examen de données moléculaires et morphologiques sur la structure de la communauté in-situ collectées par l'expédition Tara Oceans et Atlantic Meridional Transect. Les possibles effets ‘bottom-up’ de la diversité des producteurs primaires sur les niveaux supérieurs de la chaine trophique sont évalués par comparaison avec des modèles globaux qui intègrent des bases de données in situ
Patterns of biodiversity and the mechanisms that maintain them have always interested biologists and have been addressed considering geological, evolutionary and ecological factors. Ecological processes that determine the co-occurrence of species differ according to the physical environment of the ecosystem. Many theories have proposed relationships between patterns in species diversity and large-scale physical features. In terrestrial and aquatic environments, the impact of temperature on the distribution of biodiversity is among the most influent and studied factors. However, many marine taxa are exceptions in the primary influence of temperature, since a large fraction of marine species is planktonic or with dispersible larvae. In the marine environment, dispersal through physical transport has a major impact on patterns of species abundance. Some ocean currents can indeed determine the distribution of planktonic stages of some species, even when demographic and physiological features of the species are unaffected by water properties. Transport mechanisms may therefore influence the distribution of diversity at all scales, from the individual to populations and species. Contrarily to the terrestrial environment, marine ecosystems are characterized by a variability that has spatial and temporal scales defined by specific biophysical processes of turbulent transport. This aspect makes it challenging to provide synoptic information on the distribution of marine species at the global level and at high resolution, features that are essential to understand patterns of biodiversity and the mechanisms involved in their changes. Moreover, hotspots of biodiversity are of primary concerns for conservation efforts. The objectives of this study are therefore: to identify biodiversity hotspots of pelagic primary producers on a global scale and at high resolution; to determine the physical ocean processes that control the spatial and temporal dynamics of such hotspots, focusing on transport-driven mechanisms like dispersion, advection and mixing; study the role of these mechanisms in the structuring of biodiversity at higher trophic levels.To obtain these results, information on water masses with coherent biophysical characteristics ('fluid-dynamical niches') obtained by remote sensing are used to identify hotspots of microbial biodiversity as regions of strong spatial patchiness. These hotspots and the role of transport in shaping their structure are studied by analysing ecological and biophysical global circulation models (Model-ECCO2 Darwin), together with molecular and morphological data on the structure of the community, obtained using in-situ data collected during the Tara-Oceans expedition and Atlantic Meridional Transect. The possible bottom-up effects of the diversity of primary producers on the upper levels of the food chain are evaluated by comparing them with global models integrated with data collected in situ.The ecological models coupled with ocean circulation, identified as biodiversity hotspots of primary producers the most dynamic areas of the global ocean characterized by increased turbulence, mixing and the presence of vortices. These oceanographic features can improve local productivity by transporting nutrients in the photic zone and increase biodiversity by the mixing of species typical of different water masses. In addition, maps of microbial biodiversity suggest a bottom up propagation of biodiversity across the ecosystem, hotspots for primary producers being positively correlated with regions where highest number of top predator species are observed
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Bellard, Céline. "Effets des changements climatiques sur la biodiversité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112269/document.

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Nous traversons actuellement une crise de perte de la biodiversité sans précédant. La dégradation des sols et la perte d’habitat, la pollution, la surexploitation et les invasions biologiques contribuent à cette perte mondiale de biodiversité. Par ailleurs, le changement climatique et ses interactions avec les autres menaces, sont probablement l’un des défis majeurs des prochaines décennies pour la biodiversité. À l’heure actuelle, en raison de la multiplication des études et des approches employées, il est difficile d’avoir une vision synthétique des conséquences potentielles de ces changements sur la biodiversité. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été d’améliorer la caractérisation et la quantification des différents impacts des changements climatiques sur la biodiversité, à l’échelle mondiale par des approches de modélisations et de méta-analyses. Une première partie de mes travaux a ainsi porté sur les conséquences potentielles de la hausse du niveau des mers sur les hotspots insulaires, au cours de laquelle j’ai mis en évidence les conséquences majeures d’une telle hausse pour certains de ces hotspots. Je me suis ensuite intéressée à l’étude des effets conjugués des changements climatiques et des changements d’utilisation des sols sur les invasions biologiques à l’échelle mondiale. Cette partie a permis de mettre en évidence que les conséquences des changements climatiques et des changements d’utilisation des sols sur les espèces invasives dépendent de la région, du taxon et de l’espèce considérée. Ainsi, j’ai mis en évidence que certaines régions pourraient être moins favorables à la présence d’espèce invasives dans le futur. En outre, cette partie a également mis en évidence que les hotspots majoritairement composés d’îles étaient particulièrement favorables à la présence de ces espèces invasives. Finalement, dans une dernière partie, j’ai étudié les conséquences des menaces futures pour les hotspots de biodiversité dans une perspective de conservation. Cette partie a notamment permis d’établir des priorités de recherche et de conservation entre les hotspots de biodiversité en tenant compte des futures menaces qui pèsent sur la biodiversité à l’échelle des hotspots, mais également au sein même des hotspots de biodiversité. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de plans de gestion de sauvegarde d’habitats ou d’espèces ne pourra se faire qu’en intensifiant les collaborations avec l’ensemble des acteurs impliqués. Plus généralement, la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’atténuation et d’adaptation efficaces aux changements climatiques ne pourra pas avoir lieu sans un soutien du grand public
Global biodiversity is changing at an unprecedented rate due to loss of habitat, biological invasions, pollution, overexploitation. Furthermore, climate changes and their synergies with other threats will probably become the main drivers of biodiversity loss in the next century. Nowadays, the multiplicity of approaches and the resulting variability in projections make it difficult to get a clear picture of the future of biodiversity due to climate change. Yet, the majority of models indicate alarming consequences for biodiversity, with the worst- case scenarios leading to an increase of extinction rates. The aim of this thesis was to improve the knowledge about of the different consequences of climate change on biodiversity worldwide. To do that I mainly used modelisation and meta-analyses approaches. The first part of my work was to investigate the consequences of sea level rise for the ten insular biodiversity hotspot and their endemic species, during which I highlighted that between 6 and 19% of the islands would be entirely submerged. Then I studied the effects of climate and land use changes on biological invasions worldwide. The results showed that invasives species response to climate and land use changes depend on region, taxa and species considered. We also emphasized that some regions could lose a significant number of invasive alien species. Besides, we also found that hotspot that are mainly islands or group of islands are highly suitable for invasive species. Finally, in the last part, I quantified the exposure of biodiversity hotspots to the combined effects of climate change, land use change and biological invasions. This work highlighted the pressing need to consider different drivers of global change in conservation planning. In addition, we established some prioritization framework among the hotspot. Finally, conservation strategies to protect habitat and species under global changes, can only be achieved through closed collaboration with park managers. Overall, implementation of effective adaptation strategies to climate change can only succeed with public support
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Banu, S. "Molecular marker based genetic diversity in symplocos spp. from the two biodiversity hotspots in India." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2008. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2699.

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Books on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Rescigno, Vittore. Biodiversity hotspots. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Zachos, Frank E., and Jan Christian Habel, eds. Biodiversity Hotspots. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5.

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A, Mittermeier Russell, and Cemex, S.A. de C.V, eds. Hotspots revisited. Mexico City: CEMEX, 2004.

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Ark of the broken covenant: Protecting the world's biodiversity hotspots. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2003.

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Christian, Habel Jan, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Newell, Josh. The Russian Far East: Forests, biodiversity hotspots and industrial developments. Tokyo: Friends of the Earth, 1996.

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Abebe, Yilma D. A glimpse at biodiversity hotspots of Ethiopia: The essential directory for environment and development. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, 2010.

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Jarvis, Alice. Endemic birds of Namibia: Evaluating their status and mapping biodiversity hotspots. Windhoek, Namibia: Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 1997.

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Cristina, Goettsch Mittermeier, Myers Norman, Cemex, S.A. de C.V., Agrupación Sierra Madre, and Conservation International, eds. Hotspots: Earth's biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. [Mexico City]: CEMEX, 1999.

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Pullaiah, T. Biodiversity Hotspot of the Himalaya. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003455202.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Pullaiah, T. "Biodiversity Hotspots." In Biodiversity Hotspot of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, 1–4. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003408758-1.

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Mittermeier, Russell A., Will R. Turner, Frank W. Larsen, Thomas M. Brooks, and Claude Gascon. "Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 3–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1.

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Schuldt, Andreas, and Thorsten Assmann. "Patterns and Hotspots of Carabid Beetle Diversity in the Palaearctic: Insights from a Hyperdiverse Invertebrate Taxon." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 175–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_10.

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Bálint, Miklós, Lujza Ujvárosi, Kathrin Theissinger, Stephanie Lehrian, Noémi Mészáros, and Steffen U. Pauls. "The Carpathians as a Major Diversity Hotspot in Europe." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 189–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_11.

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Fritz-Vietta, Nadine V. M., H. Barry Ferguson, Susanne Stoll-Kleemann, and Jörg U. Ganzhorn. "Conservation in a Biodiversity Hotspot: Insights from Cultural and Community Perspectives in Madagascar." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 209–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_12.

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Gehring, Philip-Sebastian, Jörn Köhler, Axel Strauß, Roger D. Randrianiaina, Julian Glos, Frank Glaw, and Miguel Vences. "The Kingdom of the Frogs: Anuran Radiations in Madagascar." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 235–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_13.

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Lötters, Stefan, Dennis Rödder, Jos Kielgast, and Frank Glaw. "Hotspots, Conservation, and Diseases: Madagascar’s Megadiverse Amphibians and the Potential Impact of Chytridiomycosis." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 255–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_14.

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Lee, Janice S. H., John Garcia-Ulloa, and Lian Pin Koh. "Impacts of Biofuel Expansion in Biodiversity Hotspots." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 277–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_15.

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Williams, Kristen J., Andrew Ford, Dan F. Rosauer, Naamal De Silva, Russell Mittermeier, Caroline Bruce, Frank W. Larsen, and Chris Margules. "Forests of East Australia: The 35th Biodiversity Hotspot." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 295–310. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_16.

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Stork, Nigel E., Steve Goosem, and Stephen M. Turton. "Status and Threats in the Dynamic Landscapes of Northern Australia’s Tropical Rainforest Biodiversity Hotspot: The Wet Tropics." In Biodiversity Hotspots, 311–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Nuraeni, Hasna, Nuryani Y. Rustaman, and Topik Hidayat. "Teacher's Understanding of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Hotspots Biodiversity Concepts." In International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmsed-16.2017.54.

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Yasuhara, Moriaki. "PAST AND FUTURE TROPICAL MARINE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-391107.

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Shanas, Uri, Nurit Hochberg, Hen Pardovitz, and Alon Tal. "Protecting biodiversity hotspots with the TiME educational tool." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107057.

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Elo, Riikka, Ritva Penttinen, and Jouni Sorvari. "Wood ant nest mounds as biodiversity hotspots: Case studies with oribatid mites." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107259.

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Ifadis, Ioannis M. "MAPPING BASED ON DEAD WOOD AVAILABILITY. LOCATING BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS IN MANAGED FORESTS." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.053.

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Banaszek, Jarosław, Marzena Leksy, and Oimahmad Rahmonov. "The ecological diversity of vegetation within urban parks in the Dąbrowski Basin (southern Poland)." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.005.

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The aim of this work is to present the diversity of flora in terms of ecological requirements. The research was conducted in the area of two urban parks in the area of two cities in southern Poland: Bedzin and Czeladz. These parks were established in different historical periods, and were planned (and are managed) differently. The results of the investigation have shown that the occurrence of 192 vascular species has been observed in the Gora Zamkowa (Castle Hill) Park, while in the Grabek park, 334 such species are known to exist. Such disparity is the result of the occurrence of micro-habitats and of the differences between the ways the two parks are managed. It is also due to these parks’ different functions. In the first case, the park area is protected by law. In the latter case, human activity has created a new ecological niche for organisms with a high degree of ecological tolerance. Based on the ecological values, the following groups of plants were distinguished: saxi-frages grasslands, xerothermic grasslands, beech forests, alder forests and artificial planted trees. Analysis has shown that ur-ban parks are potential places for growth various type of vegetation and also for increasing biodiversity, and can constitute particularly important hotspots for biodiversity in the cityscape, even if their primary role is recreational. As the study shows, the environment of a highly urbanized and industrialized region can also have a positive influence on ecological and floristic diversity.
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Iezzi, María Eugenia, Carlos De Angelo, Diego M. Varela, Paula Cruz, Sebastián Cirignoli, and Mario S. Di Bitetti. "Tree monocultures in biodiversity hotspots: impact of pine plantations on the mammal assemblages of the Atlantic Forest and the Southern Cone Mesopotamian Savanna ecoregions of South America." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108129.

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Jakubec, Pavel, Santiago Montoya-Molina, Jarin Qubaiova, Martin Novak, and Martina Vetrovska. "BIOTOPE PREFERENCES OF OICEOPTOMA THORACICUM (COLEOPTERA: SILPHIDAE)." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.011.

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Biotope or habitat preferences are important species characteristics that can be used for understanding their ecology, as well as their conservation, and even as a tool for crime investigations for detection of post-mortem body manipulation. However, the characterization of species� habitat preferences can be difficult. There are several limiting factors like lack of quantitative data and reliance on anecdotal evidence for this trait. Further, we must consider the reaction to the border between two neighboring habitats. These ecotones are important biodiversity hotspots in the landscape, which combine characteristics of both habitats, but some specialist species seem to avoid them. To characterize habitat preference of the potentially forensically important necrophagous beetle Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758), we set up an experiment in the transition zone between the meadow and forest habitat. The individuals of O. thoracicum were collected using baited pitfall traps across two habitats and at ecotone. The traps were exposed for two weeks after which the samples were taken to the laboratory, where they were sorted and the specimens of O. thoracicum were sexed and counted. The obtained data were evaluated by a generalized linear model to establish the relationship between the presence and abundance of the focal species and distance from the ecotone. We found that the abundance of the species significantly changes along the forest-meadow gradient and shows a preference for woods. Its abundances at the ecotone and on meadows was low, showing a clear preference for forest habitats. This has important implications for the forensic use of the species, as it can be used to detect post-mortem body manipulation.
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Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., Nikolaos Tourvas, Ermioni Malliarou, Fani G. Lyrou, Vasiliki-Maria Kotina, and Anna-Maria Farsakoglou. "Forest Genetic Monitoring in a Biodiversity Hotspot." In IECF 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2022-13127.

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Burke, A. "Creating a Positive Legacy in a Biodiversity Hotspot." In Third International Seminar on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/852_34.

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Reports on the topic "Biodiversity hotspots"

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Birk, Steffen, Christian Griebler, Johannes C. Haas, Alice Retter, Ainur Kokimova, Constanze Englisch, Santiago Gaviria, Johannes Grath, Heike Brielmann, and Christine Stumpp. Impact of extreme hydrological events on the quantity and quality of groundwater in alpine regions – multiple-index application for an integrative hydrogeo-ecological assessment. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ess-integrative-groundwater-assessment.

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Freshwater ecosystems in mountain areas are considered important water resources and biodiversity hotspots that are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The Alpine region is known to be particularly affected by climate change, including changes in hydrological extremes such as droughts and floods, which are expected to become more frequent and intense. Despite the importance of groundwater as a primary water resource, climate change impacts on groundwater quality, including those resulting from hydrological extremes, have been rarely addressed to date. Moreover, groundwater monitoring is currently focused on physical-chemical indicators, whereas groundwater ecological features such as biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are hardly considered. Against this background, this project addressed the following overarching research question: How do groundwater systems in an alpine and prealpine environment respond to extreme hydrological events in terms of water quantity and chemical quality as well as ecological status? To address this question, the valley of the river Mur from its alpine source area at 2000 m a.s.l. to the Austrian–Slovenian border at 200 m a.s.l. was considered. Thus, the investigation area included alpine and prealpine areas, different type of hydrogeological settings and different human impacts. Existing long-term data was complemented by high-resolution monitoring over time and sampling campaigns addressing wastewater-borne micro-pollutants, microbiological parameters, and groundwater fauna. Our results demonstrate a deterioration of water quality from the alpine source area towards the foreland, corresponding to the more intense agricultural and urban land use in the foreland. The vulnerability of groundwater systems to hydrological extremes is closely related to linkages between water quantity and water quality, which are found to be determined by the groundwater recharge mechanisms and their spatiotemporal dynamics. To achieve a more holistic assessment of groundwater systems, we recommend that their ecosystem nature is taken into account by microbiological indicators that complement existing hydrological and hydrochemical indices. The B-A-(E) index is proposed for this purpose but needs further development by transciplinary research involving local experts and stakeholders to define appropriate reference conditions that enable classifications into meaningful water-quality categories.
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Schweiger, E., Joanna Lemly, Dana Witwicki, Kirk Sherrill, Ruth Whittington, Lewis Messner, Erin Cubley, Katherine Haynes, and Sonya Daw. Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument wetland ecological integrity: 2009?2019 synthesis report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300778.

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Wetlands at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO) are important because they are biodiversity hotspots and support iconic wildlife. They also provide valuable ?ecosystem services? such as attenuating floods, storing water, recharging aquifers, stabilizing and sequestering sediment, storing carbon, enhancing water quality, and cycling nutrients. This report summarizes 11 years (2009?2019) of wetland monitoring in three sentinel wetland complexes in FLFO. Monitoring included annual samples of 10 wet meadow and fen wetland sites in these complexes. We partition the data into a baseline period encompassing the first three years of our work for which we estimate conditions using a variety of indicators, or vital signs. We then estimate trend across the whole period of record. Results are compared to assessment points that allow us to interpret results in a management relevant context. We collected data on vascular plant species composition, woody species stand structure and damage and mortality of woody stems, soil chemistry, groundwater chemistry, and depth to water at shallow groundwater wells in each complex. We also documented human disturbance in and around each wetland complex. Projections suggest that climate change will likely reduce the number and extent of wetlands in the park and cause declines in the condition of associated flora and fauna and critical ecological functions, such as carbon and water storage. Human use can cause disturbance to wetlands across multiple scales and has well documented relationships with wetland condition. Wetlands at FLFO were impacted by over a century of cattle ranching and other human uses that increased soil erosion, altered hydrology, and made the area more susceptible to invasion by exotic plant species. Disturbance indicators at both a landscape and smaller scale generally showed an intermediate level of disturbance in and around our sentinel sites. Across all sites and indicators, we generally saw lower groundwater levels in response to drought conditions in 2010?2013 and in 2017?2018. However, groundwater at the Hornbek complex responded differently, potentially benefiting from a restoration project that filled incised channels in late summer 2012. Vegetation indicators showed relatively stable and healthy conditions in the park, except for native species cover, which was in intermediate condition.
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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.

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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).
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Hohmann, Matthew, and Wade Wall. A framework for prioritizing conservation of listed and at-risk species across taxa and installations : a demonstration using the DoD and Plant biodiversity hotspot of California. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32569.

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Afro-descendant Peoples’ Territories in Biodiversity Hotspots across Latin America and the Caribbean: Barriers to Inclusion in Conservation Policies. Rights and Resources Initiative, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ftmk5991.

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Afro-descendant Peoples are an integral part of the history and the economic, political, and social processes of nation-building and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, national censuses estimate that 21 percent of the region’s total population—just over 134 million people—are Afro-descendants. Yet, despite significant legislative progress at the international and national levels recognizing cultural and ethnic diversity and the rights of Afro-descendant Peoples, social and economic conditions are still drastically unequal and there are large information and recognition gaps that affect their rights. This study seeks to raise awareness of the territorial presence of Afro-descendant Peoples in 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean*. The aim is to progressively identify the presence, titled and untitled lands, and territories of Afro-descendant Peoples and to advocate for the recognition of their collective tenure rights. Although Afro-descendant Peoples in the region have been fighting for a place in international climate and conservation debates, not having defined boundaries for their ancestral lands has been an obstacle to adequately establishing how important their territories are for protecting biodiversity and dealing with complex challenges such as ecosystem degradation, loss of food systems, and other environmental problems. *The 16 countries studied are: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
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Ancient footprints on UK beach record the demise of a biodiversity hotspot. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/jmuo7304.

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