Journal articles: 'Bioenergy, slurry'

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Zhou, Weizheng, Zhongming Wang, Jingliang Xu, and Longlong Ma. "Cultivation of microalgae Chlorella zofingiensis on municipal wastewater and biogas slurry towards bioenergy." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 126, no. 5 (November 2018): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.006.

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Krause, A., T. Nehls, E. George, and M. Kaupenjohann. "Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 1221–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1221-2015.

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Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. In a practice oriented field experiment at an Andosol site in NW Tanzania, the effects of various soil amendments (standard compost, urine, biogas slurry and CaSa-compost [biochar and sanitized human excreta]) on (i) the productivity of locally grown crop species, on (ii) the plants' nutrient status and on (iii) the soil's physico-chemical properties were studied. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil moisture, so the observed variation in crop yield and plant nutrition reflected differences in nutrient availability. The application of CaSa-compost increased the level of available P in the top-soil from 0.5 to 4.4 mg kg−1 and the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9. Treatment with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost increased the above-ground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa-compost was especially effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as substitute for synthetic fertilizers. However, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the loop can be closed.

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Brown, Aaron E., Jessica M. M. Adams, Oliver R. Grasham, Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero, and Andrew B. Ross. "An Assessment of Different Integration Strategies of Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225983.

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Water hyacinth (WH) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte that dominates freshwater bodies across the world. However, due to its rapid growth rate and wide-spread global presence, WH could offer great potential as a biomass feedstock, including for bioenergy generation. This study compares different integration strategies of hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and anaerobic digestion (AD) using WH, across a range of temperatures. These include (i) hydrochar combustion and process water digestion, (ii) hydrochar digestion, (iii) slurry digestion. HTC reactions were conducted at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C. Separation of hydrochars for combustion and process waters for digestion offers the most energetically-feasible valorisation route. However, hydrochars produced from WH display slagging and fouling tendencies; limiting their use in large-scale combustion. AD of WH slurry produced at 150 °C appears to be energetically-feasible and has the potential to also be a viable integration strategy between HTC and AD, using WH.

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Krause, Ariane, Thomas Nehls, Eckhard George, and Martin Kaupenjohann. "Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as a soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol." SOIL 2, no. 2 (April 21, 2016): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-147-2016.

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Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. On an Andosol in NW Tanzania, we studied the short-term effects of amending standard compost, biogas slurry and CaSa compost (containing biochar and sanitized human excreta) on (i) the soil's physico-chemical properties, on (ii) biomass growth and crop productivity, and on (iii) the plants' nutrient status. The practice-oriented experiment design included the intercropping of seven locally grown crop species planted on 9 m2 plots with five repetitions arranged as a Latin rectangle. Differences in plant growth (biomass production and crop yield, e.g., of Zea mays) and crop nutrition (total C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.) were related to pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), total C and the availability of nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) and water (water retention characteristics, bulk density, etc.) in the soil. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil water availability, so the observed variations in crop yield and plant nutrition are attributed to nutrient availability. Applying CaSa compost increased the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9 and the level of available P from 0.5 to 4.4 mg per kg. Compared to the control, adding biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost increased the aboveground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa compost was most effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers. Nevertheless, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the cycle can be closed.

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Lu, Yuzhen, Chen Zhuo, Yongjun Li, Huashou Li, Mengying Yang, Danni Xu, and Hongzhi He. "Evaluation of filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria for integrated pig-farm biogas slurry treatment and bioenergy production." Bioresource Technology 297 (February 2020): 122418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122418.

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Häner, Jurek, Tobias Weide, Alexander Naßmacher, Roberto Eloy Hernández Regalado, Christof Wetter, and Elmar Brügging. "Anaerobic Digestion of Pig Slurry in Fixed-Bed and Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactors." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124414.

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Anaerobic digestion of animal manure is a potential bioenergy resource that avoids greenhouse gas emissions. However, the conventional approach is to use continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of greater than 30 d. Reactors with biomass retention were investigated in this study in order to increase the efficiency of the digestion process. Filtered pig slurry was used as a substrate in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and fixed-bed (FB) reactor. The highest degradation efficiency (ηCOD) and methane yield (MY) relative to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed at the minimum loading rates, with MY = 262 L/kgCOD and ηCOD = 73% for the FB reactor and MY = 292 L/kgCOD and ηCOD = 76% for the EGSB reactor. The highest daily methane production rate (MPR) was observed at the maximum loading rate, with MPR = 3.00 m3/m3/d at HRT = 2 d for the FB reactor and MPR = 2.16 m3/m3/d at HRT = 3 d for the EGSB reactor. For both reactors, a reduction in HRT was possible compared to conventionally driven CSTRs, with the EGSB reactor offering a higher methane yield and production rate at a shorter HRT.

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Malini Simare mare, Eva, Maya Sarah, and Amir Husin. "Biogas Production from Cassava Peels Utilizing Fixed Bed Bioreactor with Silica Gel Media." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2421, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2421/1/012020.

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Abstract Indonesia has an abundance of various types of agricultural products. One of the abundance of agricultural products in Indonesia is cassava, but the skin is rarely used, so it can be a source of waste. Cassava peels can be used as a source of bioenergy in the form of biogas. This research was conducted by mixing the ratio of domestic waste mixing IPAL Cemara PDAM Tirtanadi and water by including cassava peels. In the slurry, cassava peels added about 8-9 % This study aims to determine the amount of biogas produced from bioreactors with and without silica gel as media. The ratio of domestic waste from IPAL Cemara PDAM Tirtanadi and water 1: 0, 1: 0.5, 1: 0.4 1: 0.3. The retention time during 23 days. The parameters tested from this study were COD, TSS, and VS. From the results of the research, it was found biogas from bioreactor ratio of 1: 0. In the bioreactor with silica gel media biogas was found on the 19th day with a pressure of 499.8 Pa, however in bioreactor without silica gel media, biogas was found at 294 Pa.

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Kumar, Pankaj, Ebrahem M. Eid, Mostafa A. Taher, Mohamed H. E. El-Morsy, Hanan E. M. Osman, Dhafer A. Al-Bakre, Bashir Adelodun, et al. "Biotransforming the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes Berk.): A Synergistic Approach to Biogas Production and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fertilization." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060479.

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Agro-wastes, such as crop residues, leaf litter, and sawdust, are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, and consequently a major concern for climate change. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has appeared as an emerging agribusiness that helps in the sustainable management of agro-wastes. However, partial utilization of agro-wastes by mushrooms results in the generation of a significant quantity of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) that have continued to become an environmental problem. In particular, Shiitake (Lentinula edodes Berk.) mushrooms can be grown on different types of agro-wastes and also generate a considerable amount of SMS. Therefore, this study investigates the biotransformation of SMS obtained after Shiitake mushroom cultivation into biogas and attendant utilization of slurry digestate (SD) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop fertilization. Biogas production experiments were conducted anaerobically using four treatments of SMS, i.e., 0% (control), 25, 50, and 75% inoculated with a proportional amount of cow dung (CD) as inoculum. The results on biogas production revealed that SMS 50% treatment yielded the highest biogas volume (8834 mL or 11.93 mL/g of organic carbon) and methane contents (61%) along with maximum reduction of physicochemical and proximate parameters of slurry. Furthermore, the biogas digestate from 50% treatment further helped to increase the seed germination (93.25%), seedling length (9.2 cm), seedling root length (4.19 cm), plant height (53.10 cm), chlorophyll content (3.38 mg/g), total yield (1.86 kg/plant), flavonoids (5.06 mg/g), phenolics (2.78 mg/g), and tannin (3.40 mg/g) contents of tomato significantly (p < 0.05) in the 10% loading rate. The findings of this study suggest sustainable upcycling of SMS inspired by a circular economy approach through synergistic production of bioenergy and secondary fruit crops, which could potentially contribute to minimize the carbon footprints of the mushroom production sector.

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Tekle, Tariku, and Getachew Sime. "Technical Potential of Biogas Technology to Substitute Traditional Fuel Sources and Chemical Fertilizers and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of Arba-Minch Area, South Ethiopia." Scientific World Journal 2022 (February 4, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6388511.

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A study was conducted in South Ethiopia with the aim of assessing the technical potential of biogas energy in replacing traditional bioenergy and chemical fertilizers and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. A household survey with both a quantitative and qualitative approach was employed for data collection. Primary data were gathered from 182 biogas adopters as well as 10 key informants and three group discussions. Secondary data were also collected from different sources. The average biogas production potential of installed biogas plants was 205 m3 per day. The average reduction in use of firewood, charcoal, dung cakes, and crop residues due to biogas adoption was 66%, 72%, 68%, and 89%, respectively. The use of bio-slurry as an organic fertilizer reduced the quantity of chemical fertilizers used by more than 50% per household per year. The reduction in the quantity of biofuel consumption reduced the volume of greenhouse gas emissions by 418 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per household per year. If the reduced firewood and charcoal use reduced the felling of live trees, this could potentially conserve 45 ha of forest per household per year. Therefore, biogas energy could help reduce the anthropogenic pressure on forest resources by addressing the major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation.

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Zhurka, Marinela, Apostolos Spyridonidis, Ioanna A. Vasiliadou, and Katerina Stamatelatou. "Biogas Production from Sunflower Head and Stalk Residues: Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010164.

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Sunflower residues are considered a prominent renewable source for biogas production during anaerobic digestion (AD). However; the recalcitrant structure of this lignocellulosic substrate requires a pretreatment step for efficient biomass transformation and increased bioenergy output. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of alkaline pretreatment of various parts of the sunflower residues (e.g., heads and stalks) on their methane yield. Experimental data showed that pretreatment at mild conditions (55 °C; 24 h; 4 g NaOH 100 g−1 total solids) caused an increase in the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of both heads and stalks of the sunflower residues as determined in batch tests. The highest methane production (268.35 ± 0.11 mL CH4 g−1 volatile solids) was achieved from the pretreated sunflower head residues. Thereafter; the effect of alkaline pretreatment of sunflower head residues was assessed in continuous mode; using continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) under two operational phases. During the first phase; the CSTRs were fed with the liquid fraction produced from the pretreatment of sunflower heads. During the second phase; the CSTRs were fed with the whole slurry resulting from the pretreatment of sunflower heads (i.e., both liquid and solid fractions). In both operating phases; it was observed that the alkaline pretreatment of the sunflower head residues had a negligible (phase I) or even a negative effect on biogas production; which was contradictory to the results of the BMP tests. It seems that; during alkaline pretreatment; this part of the sunflower residues (heads) may release inhibitory compounds; which induce a negative effect on biogas production in the long term (e.g., during continuously run digesters such as CSTR) but not in the short-term (e.g., batch tests) where the effect of the inoculum may not permit the inhibition to be established.

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Pratiwi, Nurul, Milka Saputri, Silviana Okwisan, and Yusni Atifah. "PUP PUMP: PROCESSING OF HUMAN FECES AS A ALTERNATIVE BIOENERGY POWER PLANT ZERO WASTE." International Journal of Ethnoscience, Bio-Informatic, Innovation, Invention and Techno-Science 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54482/ijebiiits.v1i1.4.

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OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), predicts world oil and gas consumption to increase from year to year (Sebayang, 2018). In 1999, Indonesia was one of the 2nd largest oil producers in the Asia Pacific (Dzulfaroh, 2020). However, now the situation has reversed, Indonesia's oil reserves are very depleted and it is predicted that they will only be able to last for less than 10 years (RI, 2021). Meanwhile, the demand for oil and natural gas is still high, especially for power generation. Therefore, a new alternative that is environmentally friendly is needed (Kholiq, 2015). One of them is by utilizing biogas. Biogas is a gas produced by methanogenic bacteria, by degrading (decomposing) organic compounds under anaerobic conditions. One of the compounds that can be used as a source of biogas is feces. Usually human feces will only accumulate and settle at the bottom of the septic tank. This fecal sediment must be drained for 2-5 years (Sudarmadji, 2013). If this waste is managed properly, it has the potential as an alternative power plant, through the biogas it produces. Furthermore, this biogas is connected to the gas storage box. In the box is also equipped with a pressure detector. If the pressure is appropriate, then the gas will be released to the generator that has been assembled coupled with a biodigester. The generator converts heat energy into kinetic energy, then into mechanical energy, and finally into electrical energy (Biogas, 2018). 1 m3 of biogas is able to produce electricity equivalent to 1.25 Kwh or the equivalent of turning on a light for 6 hours (Talakua, 2019). Meanwhile, biogas processed waste (slurry) contains organic material with complete nutrition (Muanah, 2019), so it can be used as fertilizer. In addition, slurry can also be used as raw material for bricks (Syaifuddin, 2018).

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Fernández-Labrada, Miguel, María Elvira López-Mosquera, and Adolfo López-Fabal. "Anaerobic Digestion and Microfiltration of the Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurry: N Mineralization, C-CO2 Emissions and Agricultural Value of the Products." Waste and Biomass Valorization, November 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01963-y.

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AbstractPig slurry contains valuable nutrients and organic matter, although its high water content makes its management and use as a fertilizer more expensive. It is also an interesting bioenergy resource for biogas production. We propose a treatment that consists of solid–liquid separation followed by the anaerobic digestion of liquid fraction of slurry (LFS) while a microfiltration membrane module concentrates the solids in the digester and removes a liquid fraction of the digestate (LFD). The aims of the work were to evaluate the fertilizer value of the LFS, digestate and concentrated digestate and the possibility of reusing the LFD in agriculture. The LFS contained 72% less dry matter than the slurry. The solid–liquid separation mainly removed N and P. Thanks to microfiltration, the remaining solids were partially recirculated to the digester, concentrating there. To do this, the membrane module continuously removed the LFD, which was made up of 99% water with dissolved elements, mainly C, N, K and Na. The concentrated digestate contained less K, similar amounts of N and P, and more dry matter and C than the initial LFS. The entire slurry treatment affected the mineralization dynamics by increasing recalcitrant C and decreasing labile C without modifying N release. The proposed process allowed taking advantage of the nutrients and stabilized organic matter contained in the LFS, producing a concentrated digestate. LFD did not meet the reclaimed water requirements. However, it could be useful as a fertirrigation solution and a post treatment could be enough to comply with the regulations. Graphical Abstract

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Sousa, Sílvia, Elizabeth Duarte, Marta Mesquita, and Sandra Saraiva. "Energetic Valorization of Cereal and Exhausted Coffee Wastes Through Anaerobic Co-digestion With Pig Slurry." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.642244.

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In the past years, there has been steady growth in work relating to improve resource efficiency through waste minimization and bioenergy recovery to mitigate climate change. Agro-food industries produce large amounts of bio-waste, challenging innovative energetic valorization strategies in the framework of circular economy principles. Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is an interesting route to stabilize organic matter and produce biogas as a renewable energy source. This study involves continuous co-digestion of pig slurry (PS), cereal and exhausted coffee wastes (CECW) performed in a continuously stirred tank reactor, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16 days under at mesophilic conditions (36.9 ± 0.3°C). The experimental trials, were designed to include different cereal and exhausted coffee liquor (CECL) shares in the feeding mixture, corresponding to different PS to CECL ratios (PS:CECL), respectively: 100:0 (T0), 90:10 (T1), 80:20 (T2), and 70:30 (T3), in terms of percentage of inlet feeding rate (v:v). The results obtained for the feeding rate (70:30) yield to the highest specific methane production (SMP = 341 ml.gVS−1) led to a 3.5-fold improvement in comparison with the reference scenario. The synergetic effect between the microbial consortia of PS and the high carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of CECL explain the improvements achieved. The maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) reduction (84.0%) due to the high content and soluble chemical oxygen demand to total chemical oxygen demand ratio (SCOD/TCOD) corroborate the results achieved. The digester stability, evaluated by specific energetic loading rate, was below the limit (0.4 d−1). Results from ANOVA showed a significant effect of CECL on the resulting GPR and SMP values. Additionally, Tukey's “Honest Significant Difference” method, confirmed statistically significant differences between the trials T3-T0, T3-T1, T3-T2, and T2-T0. Thus, co-digestion of PS and of CECL seems to be a promising approach for bioenergy recovery and promoting biowastes circularity.

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Okoro, O. V., and A. Shavandi. "An assessment of the utilization of waste apple slurry in bio-succinic acid and bioenergy production." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, March 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03235-z.

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Luboya, K. Eden, Mélissa Kusisakana, W. Gaston Luhata, K. Balthazar Mukuna, M. Justine Monga, and L. Pierre Luhata. "Effect of Solids Concentration on the Kinetic of Biogas Production from Goat Droppings." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, June 5, 2020, 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2020/v5i230145.

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This experiment was conducted at the Bioenergy laboratory of Groupe de Génies Congolais (GGC) at the Université Loyola du Congo in Kinshasa, D.R.Congo. The experiment started on May 23, 2019 and ended on July 17, 2019. The study focused on the relationship between solids concentration and the kinetic of anaerobic digestion of goat droppings in the methanation process. The feedstock consisted of goat droppings waste made into slurry of four solids concentration (SC); A=50%, B=38%, C=30% and D=25%. Each SC was repeated three times. Feedstocks were inserted in laboratory scale anaerobic digesters constructed from 5L plastic containers. The results revealed clearly that the time required for the production of biogas depends on SCs. The ratio D (1/3), i.g. 75% of water and 25% of biomass produced the biogas in 3 weeks (±22 days) and the ratio A (1/1), 50% of water and 50% of biomass, in 7 weeks and a few days (±53 days). The ratio C (1/2), 66.6% of water in the mixture, provided the biogas in ± 26 days (approximately 4 weeks) and finally, it took ±30 days (4 weeks and a few days) for ratio B to produce biogas rich in CH4 (<50%). The equation f(x)= 1.1x + 1 can be used to predict the approximative number of days to produce a biogas containing more than 50% of CH4. The average temperature inside the reactors was found to be 28.5 ± 0.8°C during the combustion testing process implying that the reactors designed at the GGC were operating in a mesophilic regime. Finally, the pH of the digestates obtained from reactors had an average of 9.0 ± 0.2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioenergy, slurry'

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