Journal articles: 'Biofertilizer and optimization'

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Nurbaity, A., N. Istifadah, B. A. Haryantini, M. F. Ilhami, M. I. Habibullah, and M. Arifin. "Optimization of hydroponic technology for production of mycorrhiza biofertilizer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 347 (November 8, 2019): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012017.

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Bandopadhyay, Sandip. "Optimization of Biofertilizer Production and its Application in Plants using Pot Culture Technique." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 4 (2019): 2159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.4.28.

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Atia, R. H., H. S. Hamoud, A. S. M. El-Saady, and M. H. Kasem. "EFFECT OF (HALEX-2) BIOFERTILIZER INOCULATION ON COWPEA YIELD AND MINERAL FERTILIZER-N OPTIMIZATION." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 34, no. 5 (2009): 5487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2009.93110.

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Rajasekar, Kuppuraj, Thilagavathy Daniel, and Natchimuthu Karmegam. "Microbial Enrichment of Vermicompost." ISRN Soil Science 2012 (March 8, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/946079.

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The present study has been conducted to explore the possibility of enrichment of vermicompost with microbial inoculants (i.e., biofertilizer organisms), Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium leguminosarum, optimization of inoculum level, and time of inoculation during vermicomposting. The survival rate of each microbial inoculant, total microbial population in vermicompost, and their correlation with the microbial inoculants during the storage period (180 days) were assessed. The change in population of A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum in vermicompost (at 30, 35, and 40 mL/175 g substrates) with reference to storage period showed highly significant negative correlation (). The total microbial population in A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum inoculated vermicompost was high during initial phases of storage and then total microbial population declined towards the end. The inoculum level of A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum at 35 mL per 175 g vermibed substrate is sufficient to maintain viable cells up to 160 days after ther harvesting of vermicompost. The inoculum of these two biofertilizer organisms into vermibed on the 30th day showed increased survival rate and, hence, the optimized inoculation of 35 mL of inoculum per 175 g substrate on the 30th day of vermicomposting is helpful for the maintenance of sufficient viable population for more than five months in the enriched vermicompost.

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Barzee, Tyler J., Abdolhossein Edalati, Joshua L. Rapport, Hamed M. El-Mashad, and Ruihong Zhang. "Characterization of Nutrients and Pilot Biofertilizer Production from Food Waste and Dairy Manure Digestates." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13767.

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HighlightsN, P, Ca, and Mg were mainly localized to fine digestate solids (0.45 µm to 1 mm).50% to 60% of NH4+-N was found in digestate solids between 0.45 and 75 µm.K and Na were mainly transferred to the ultrafiltration permeate (&lt;0.45 µm).Mixing of coarse and fine solids can optimize nutrient and salt ratios in products.Abstract. Food waste and dairy manure digestates from commercial digesters were characterized in the lab for particle and nutrient distributions before pilot-scale processing (vibratory screen, ultrafiltration, sun drying) to produce solid and liquid biofertilizer products. Experimental results showed that the elemental compositions of the two digestates were different but shared similarities. The coarse solids of both digestates had lower concentrations of nutrients than the liquid fractions, which contained most of the K and Na. The dairy manure digestate had a higher amount of fine solids between 0.4 and 75 µm than the food waste digestate, but the majority of TKN was contained in the fine solids of both digestates. An optimization analysis concluded that optimal combinations of digestate fractions included over 70% coarse solids to obtain desired nutrient and salt ratios. The solid and liquid fertilizer products derived from the pilot-scale processing were similar to those expected from the lab-scale investigation. Keywords: Biofertilizer formulation, Digestate, Nutrient distribution, Pilot-scale processing, Ultrafiltration, Value-added products.

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Situmorang, Elizabeth Caroline, Andriessa Prameswara, Hana Christine Sinthya, Nurita Toruan-Mathius, and Tony Liwang. "Indigenous Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Peat Soil for an Eco-friendly Biofertilizer in Oil Palm Plantation." KnE Energy 1, no. 1 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v1i1.324.

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Degradation in soil fertility is an enormous problem in agricultural intensification system. Availability in phosphate is one of among encountered problems. Peat soils have large areas and great potential for agriculture and plantations, but have many obstacles in their management. One of the issues is the low soil fertility and low availability of nutrients, especially phosphate which exists in many organic forms that are not available to plants. Phosphorous is an essential element after nitrogen, which plays an important role in plant growth and metabolism and the process of soil microbiology. Introduction of phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as biofertilizer, is a renewable energy based which can increase the availability of phosphate to plants can overcome this problem and at the same time reducing the use of inorganic P fertilizer. Indigenous PSB, isolated from palm oil plantation could be used as a better and friendly bio-agent to improve soil fertility, specifically for phosphate availability. Eight PSB have been isolated from peat soil in oil palm platation. Morphological, biochemical characterization and molecular identifications showed that the 8 isolates belonged to Flavobacterium and Enterobacter genera, more precisely the species of Burkholderia sp and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens. Characterization of isolates of the highest PSB activity consisted of the ability to dissolve phosphate in Pikovskaya solid medium, temperature resistance optimization and the ability to produce phosphatase enzyme. Results showed that isolate with the highest potentiality of dissolving phosphate formed 3.5 cm of clear zone diameter and the phosphatase activity at 9 days of incubation 5.992 units (μmol / ml / min). The peak of enzyme’s activity was reached at 6 days , which corresponded to 54.782 ppm of phosphorus solubilised. The lowest pH (3.2) was reached at 1st day of incubation. These isolates showed the ability to grow optimally at temperature range of 25 to 300C. Indigenous PSB could be used as biofertilizer agents which are eco friendly.Keywords: indigenous; biofertilizer; renewable energy, phosphate solubilizing bacteria;phosphatase; oil palm

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Chaher, Nour El Houda, Mehrez Chakchouk, Nils Engler, Abdallah Nassour, Michael Nelles, and Moktar Hamdi. "Optimization of Food Waste and Biochar In-Vessel Co-Composting." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041356.

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As bulking agents (BA) affect the composting process, this work examined the impact of combinations of different organic components in order to obtain an efficient co-substrate for food waste (FW) in-vessel composting. To boost the occurrence of microorganisms inhabiting the compost, mature compost was firstly coupled with wheat straw, added to FW, and considered as a control (BC0). Then, two trials (BC10, BC20) including 10% and 20% of biochar were monitored. The results indicated that the temperature of the amended bioreactors was notably increased compared to the unamended one. Thermophilic temperatures were achieved at 14, 34, and 78 h after the experimental setup for BC20, BC10, and BC0, which lasted for 14, 17, and 12 days, respectively. When it came to an assessment of maturity and stability, the quality of the compost was evaluated against several indicators and compared with the compost quality standards of the UK, France, Canada, the USA, Poland, and Germany. BC10 illustrated a high-quality product in relation to the heavy metal concentration, a C:N ratio which reached 14.97, an AT4 which was lower than 6 (4.36 mg O2/g TS), and a nitrification index of 2.61 (<3). Consequently, the addition of 10% of biochar as a co-substrate showed an improvement of the process evolution and the characteristics of the biofertilizer produced.

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Asadu, Christian O., Samuel O. Egbuna, Thompson O. Chime, et al. "Survey on solid wastes management by composting: Optimization of key process parameters for biofertilizer synthesis from agro wastes using response surface methodology (RSM)." Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 3 (September 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aiia.2019.12.002.

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Vassileva, Maria, Eligio Malusà, Lidia Sas-Paszt, et al. "Fermentation Strategies to Improve Soil Bio-Inoculant Production and Quality." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (2021): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061254.

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The application of plant beneficial microorganisms has been widely accepted as an efficient alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Isolation and selection of efficient microorganisms, their characterization and testing in soil-plant systems are well studied. However, the production stage and formulation of the final products are not in the focus of the research, which affects the achievement of stable and consistent results in the field. Recent analysis of the field of plant beneficial microorganisms suggests a more integrated view on soil inoculants with a special emphasis on the inoculant production process, including fermentation, formulation, processes, and additives. This mini-review describes the different groups of fermentation processes and their characteristics, bearing in mind different factors, both nutritional and operational, which affect the biomass/spores yield and microbial metabolite activity. The characteristics of the final products of fermentation process optimization strategies determine further steps of development of the microbial inoculants. Submerged liquid and solid-state fermentation processes, fed-batch operations, immobilized cell systems, and production of arbuscular mycorrhiza are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Recommendations for further development of the fermentation strategies for biofertilizer production are also considered.

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Jurgutis, Linas, Alvyra Šlepetienė, Jonas Šlepetys, and Jurgita Cesevičienė. "Towards a Full Circular Economy in Biogas Plants: Sustainable Management of Digestate for Growing Biomass Feedstocks and Use as Biofertilizer." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144272.

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The digestate is a prospective biofertilizer and potential source of income for many biogas plants worldwide. However, its actual impact on the soil properties and biomass yield is still unexploited. The different digestates from eight agricultural biogas plants were researched in terms of their chemical composition and the fertilizing potential. The results obtained from digestate chemical analysis indicate that the digestate biomass had large amount of nitrogen (up to 73 g kg−1 fresh mass) and potassium (up to 25 g kg−1 fresh mass). The value of the digestate was estimated in the range of 2.88–7.89 EUR Mg−1 for liquid digestate and 7.62–13.61 EUR Mg−1 for solid digestate based on the commercial fertilizer market price of nitrogen, potassium phosphorus, organic carbon, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg. The digestate produced at the 1 MW biogas plant is worth EUR 941–2095 per day in addition to energy sales income. The application of digestate on low-fertility land in areas close to the biogas plant allows the production of up to three-fold more biomass suitable for biogas production. The digestate’s application on semi-natural grass biomass production in the low-fertility soils near the biogas plants could be an alternative strategy for the biogas plant feedstock portfolio diversification.

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Simanjuntak, Ls Hari Candra, P. Harsono, and Hasanudin Hasanudin. "Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Rawit terhadap Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Hayati dan Konsentrasi Indol Acetic Acid (IAA)." Akta Agrosia 20, no. 1 (2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.20.1.9-16.

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Cultivation of cayenne pepper is still much dependent on the use of inorganic fertilizers on a large scale with a high dose. Optimizing the use of inorganic fertilizers needs to be done so that the cost of chili farming can be minimized and more environmentally friendly. Optimization of cayenne pepper cultivation can be done through intensification efforts that is through the addition of biological fertilizers and IAA growth regulators. It is necessary to study the use of biological fertilizer and IAA on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper. The objective of this research is to get the optimum dosage of biofertilizer and IAA concentration for growth and yield of cayenne pepper. This research was conducted from September to January 2016. This study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with two factors. The first factor was biological fertilizer consisting of: B0 (without biological fertilizer), B1 (2 g per polybag), B2 (4 g per polybag), B3 (6 g per polybag) and second factor ie IAA spray concentration: without IAA), I1 (2 mgL -1), I2 (4 mgL-1), I3 (6 mgL-1) were repeated four times to obtain 64 experimental units. The results showed that biological fertilizer treatment significantly affect the leaves leaf variation with the optimum dosage of biomass fertilizer that is 2.29 g per plant produces leaf area 5.59 cm2. Furthermore very significant effect on fruit weight variables with increased dosage of 2 g can increase the weight of chili pepper fruit. While the interaction of dosage of biological fertilizer and IAA concentration did not significantly affect each observation variables.

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Seruga, Przemysław, and Małgorzata Krzywonos. "Separate Collected Versus Mechanical Segregated Organic Fractions in Terms of Fertilizers Suitability." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133971.

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Nowadays, municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most critical issues. MSW may threaten the environment; however, the concerning high organic fraction content can be useful. This study aimed to compare the suitability of mechanically sorted organic fraction (OF) of MSW and source-segregated biowaste for biofertilizer usage. The compost and the effluents compositions were analyzed. Compost derived from biowaste can be applied to the soil, while, after processing OFMSW, the metal contents are too high. The exceeding limit values were noted, e.g., lead (over 80 mg/kg) and chrome (75 mg/kg). Effluents from biowaste treatment fulfill the national and UE fertilizers’ requirements, considering the heavy metal contents, while effluents from OFMSW treatments exceed the limit values. The biggest exceedings were observed for nickel (over 3 mg/kg) and zinc (over 500 mg/kg). In general, the heavy metal contamination of byproducts from the OFMSW treatment was much higher. At the same time, the biogenic elements, e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, were much lower than the biowaste treatment byproducts; however, even for them, the concentrations of the biogenic elements were too low to meet EU requirements. The compost and effluents derived from the biowaste treatment may be suitable for crop applications, considering the current national requirements.

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Solanki, B. S., G. K. Rai, V. N. Tiwari, M. R. Deshmukh, and Bhupendra Thakre. "Integration of Biofertilizers to Chemical Fertilizer for Yield Optimization in Niger." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 2243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.270.

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Soumare, Abdoulaye, Abdala G. Diedhiou, Moses Thuita, et al. "Exploiting Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Route Towards a Sustainable Agriculture." Plants 9, no. 8 (2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9081011.

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For all living organisms, nitrogen is an essential element, while being the most limiting in ecosystems and for crop production. Despite the significant contribution of synthetic fertilizers, nitrogen requirements for food production increase from year to year, while the overuse of agrochemicals compromise soil health and agricultural sustainability. One alternative to overcome this problem is biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Indeed, more than 60% of the fixed N on Earth results from BNF. Therefore, optimizing BNF in agriculture is more and more urgent to help meet the demand of the food production needs for the growing world population. This optimization will require a good knowledge of the diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, the mechanisms of fixation, and the selection and formulation of efficient N-fixing microorganisms as biofertilizers. Good understanding of BNF process may allow the transfer of this ability to other non-fixing microorganisms or to non-leguminous plants with high added value. This minireview covers a brief history on BNF, cycle and mechanisms of nitrogen fixation, biofertilizers market value, and use of biofertilizers in agriculture. The minireview focuses particularly on some of the most effective microbial products marketed to date, their efficiency, and success-limiting in agriculture. It also highlights opportunities and difficulties of transferring nitrogen fixation capacity in cereals.

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Sakpirom, Jakkapan, Tomorn Nunkaew, Eakalak Khan, and Duangporn Kantachote. "Optimization of carriers and packaging for effective biofertilizers to enhance Oryza sativa L. growth in paddy soil." Rhizosphere 19 (September 2021): 100383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100383.

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Gauchan, Dhurva, Ashok Kumar Bhattarai, Shishir Pandey, and Sunil Bhandari. "Exploration of indigenous Trichoderma species for their use as biofertilizers, optimization of growth conditions and cultivation on cheap substrates." Novel Research in Microbiology Journal 4, no. 4 (2020): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/nrmj.2020.107543.

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Oladapo, Babatide Olufemi, Esther Aanuoluwa Ekundayo, Mariam Olukemi Mokoolu, and Fatuyi Olanipekun Ekundayo. "Phosphate Solubilization Potentials of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Insecticide Treated Soil." Advanced Research in Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arls-2020-0020.

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Abstract Insecticides are used widely to control a variety of pests and often residues of these insecticides are left in soil which may have impact on the phosphate solubilization potentials of rhizosphere fungi. Rhizosphere soils were collected from carefully uprooted cowpea seedlings with hand trowel on 50, 70 and 90th days of germination containing the lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate insecticides. Fungi associated with the above samples were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Screening for phosphate solubilization potential of the isolates was done by spot inoculation on Pikovskaya agar by measuring the clear zones around the colonies supplemented with tricalcium phosphates [Ca3(PO4)2]. The phosphatase produced by the fungal species was optimized using parameters such as incubation time, pH, temperature, carbon source and nitrogen source in submerged fermentation. The isolated rhizosphere fungi were identified as Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma viride, Arthroderma fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum. Among the isolates, Trichoderma viride showed the best ability to solubilize phosphate with solubilization index of 2.82 with dimethoate of 12.5ml/L of water. The optimization study for the enzyme production showed that the best incubation time for phosphatase production was 72 hours by Trichoderma viride. It was observed that the optimum pH for production of phosphatase by Trichoderma viride was 6.5. This study suggests that all the isolated fungi especially Trichoderma viride can adapt to these insecticidal treatments, which make them useful as biofertilizers to increase uptake of phosphorous in plants.

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Ximenes, Júlio, André Siqueira, Ewa Kochańska, and Rafał M. Łukasik. "Valorisation of Agri- and Aquaculture Residues via Biogas Production for Enhanced Industrial Application." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092519.

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Climate changes are nowadays reality and affect all aspects of everyday life. One of the places where these changes influence the society the most is the Brazilian Ceará region and Jaguaribara basin that suffer long-lasting, devastating drought cycles. They have a dramatic negative impact on local economy, forcing change in business models. This work presents the valorisation of wastes and residues from local fish, prawns, and the vegetable-cultivation industry via biogas production forced to adapt to these new circumstances. Along a single year, as much as 189.74 tonnes of wastes and residues can be processed by the biogas production facility, producing as much as 94 GJ of cooling energy and 1 tonne of biofertiliser monthly. Even for such a small biogas production facility, the NPV is positive already after 11 years; its IRR is 6.2%, and accumulated ROI for 20 years of operation is as high as 77.8%. This work demonstrates that a valorisation of industrial wastes and residues via biogas production is a feasible solution for a specific industrial scenario addressing new socio-economic challenges for the particular enterprise.

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Pérez, Guadalupe, and Jorge M. Islas-Samperio. "Sustainability Evaluation of Non-Toxic Jatropha curcas in Rural Marginal Soil for Obtaining Biodiesel Using Life-Cycle Assessment." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102746.

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Using information from an experimental planting of non-toxic Jatropha curcas (NTJC) with minimal water and fertilization resources on rural marginal soil the objective of this article is to determine the sustainability of this raw material for producing biodiesel and the possibilities for improving it through life-cycle assessment (LCA). Three production scenarios were studied: minimal resources (MR), which focuses on the obtaining of biodiesel; minimal resources and utilization of sub-products (MRUS), which includes the utilization of the residual products in order to produce food and solid biofuels, as well as biodiesel; and utilization of biofertilizers, flood irrigation, and sub-products (UBIS), which incorporates the use of bio-fertilizers and irrigation in the production system. This study includes the selection of six sustainability indicators, as well as indicators by means of LCA methodology Finally, a sustainability index (SI) for each scenario was determined on the basis of an index of environmental sustainability of energy products (IESEP). Our results indicated that the MR scenario yielded the lowest SI 0.673, while the MRUS scenario had the highest SI 0.956. It concludes that sustainability is greater when it utilizes minimal water and fertilization resources during the raw material production stage, and the residual products are used for food and energy products made possible by the non-toxic properties of Jatropha curcas.

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Mukhtar, Hamid. "Optimization of growth conditions for Azotobacter species and their use as biofertilizer." Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access 6, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jbmoa.2018.06.00217.

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Hindersah, Reginawanti, H. Yulina, and Ane Nurbaity. "Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Sebagai Media Produksi Inokulan Azotobacter Chroococcum." Agrologia 2, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/a.v2i2.264.

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Azotobacter chroococcum based biofertilizers have been widely used in the production of environmentally agriculture. For commercial scale, cheap growth media for Azotobcter inoculant will affect the quality and price of liquid biofertilizer. Growth medium should support cell proliferation as well as its nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production. The objective of this study was to determine whether liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) containing low N can be used as a medium for scaling up A. chroococcum inoculant without lowering the survival of bacteria and its activity in N2 fixation and phytohormones production. LOF generally contains a complete nutrient although in a small quantities. Experiment was set up in completely randomized design which tested two types of commercial LOF. The results showed that both of LOF were only able to support cell growth up to 72 hours and at 96 hours cell viability began to decline compared to the control medium, free-N Ashby. At 72 hour total N and cytokinin concentration in LOF was lower than those in Ashby media. This study revealed that LOF could be used as A. chroococcum growth media, but without optimization of its composition, cell density and cytokinin content would be lower than those of inoculant in Ashby Media.

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Zhang, Yuan, Xiuli Hao, Adriana M. Garcia-Lemos, Inês Nunes, Mette H. Nicolaisen, and Ole Nybroe. "Different Effects of Soil Fertilization on Bacterial Community Composition in the Penicillium canescens Hyphosphere and in Bulk Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86, no. 10 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02969-19.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of long-term soil fertilization on the composition and potential for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycling of bacterial communities associated with hyphae of the P-solubilizing fungus Penicillium canescens. Using a baiting approach, hyphosphere bacterial communities were recovered from three soils that had received long-term amendment in the field with mineral or mineral plus organic fertilizers. P. canescens hyphae recruited bacterial communities with a decreased diversity and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria relative to what was observed in soil communities. As core bacterial taxa, Delftia and Pseudomonas spp. were present in all hyphosphere samples irrespective of soil fertilization. However, the type of fertilization showed significant impacts on the diversity, composition, and distinctive taxa/operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of hyphosphere communities. The soil factors P (Olsen method), exchangeable Mg, exchangeable K, and pH were important for shaping soil and hyphosphere bacterial community compositions. An increased relative abundance of organic P metabolism genes was found in hyphosphere communities from soil that had not received P fertilizers, which could indicate P limitation near the fungal hyphae. Additionally, P. canescens hyphae recruited bacterial communities with a higher abundance of N fixation genes than found in soil communities, which might imply a role of hyphosphere communities for fungal N nutrition. Furthermore, the relative abundances of denitrification genes were greater in several hyphosphere communities, indicating an at least partly anoxic microenvironment with a high carbon-to-N ratio around the hyphae. In conclusion, soil fertilization legacy shapes P. canescens hyphosphere microbiomes and their functional potential related to P and N cycling. IMPORTANCE P-solubilizing Penicillium strains are introduced as biofertilizers to agricultural soils to improve plant P nutrition. Currently, little is known about the ecology of these biofertilizers, including their interactions with other soil microorganisms. This study shows that communities dominated by Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria colonize P. canescens hyphae in soil and that the compositions of these communities depend on the soil conditions. The potential of these communities for N and organic P cycling is generally higher than that of soil communities. The high potential for organic P metabolism might complement the ability of the fungus to solubilize inorganic P, and it points to the hyphosphere as a hot spot for P metabolism. Furthermore, the high potential for N fixation could indicate that P. canescens recruits bacteria that are able to improve its N nutrition. Hence, this community study identifies functional groups relevant for the future optimization of next-generation biofertilizer consortia for applications in soil.

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Lamichhane, Janardan, Bishnu Maya K.C., Dhurva Prasad Gauchan, Sanjay Nath Khanal, and Sharmila Chimouriya. "Extraction of Indole-3-acetic Acid from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria of Bamboo Rhizosphere and Its Effect on Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll in Bamboo Seedlings." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, OF (August 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-5578.

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Background: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a principal phytohormone, controls several crucial physiological processes of plants. It ameliorates plant growth by stimulating cell elongation, root initiation, seed germination and seedling growth. Alteration of IAA level by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria leads to varied impacts on plant growth and development. Methods: Soil samples were collected from bamboo (Bambusa tulda, B. nutans subsp. cupulata, B. balcooa and Dendrocalamus strictus) rhizosphere. Altogether five bacterial isolates were screened by serial dilution method and subjected to biochemical analysis. The isolate BUX1 with high IAA production capacity was optimized for IAA production. IAA was partially purified and quantified from the bacterial extract by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The influence of extracted bacterial IAA on chlorophyll biosynthesis in bamboo seedlings of B. tulda was compared with uninoculated control plants. Results: Biochemical analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to genus Bacillus which were found capable of producing IAA. During optimization, BUX1 isolate produced 99.13 µg ml-1 of IAA at 37°C, pH 7, 3 mg l-1 concentration of L-tryptophan and 150 rpm agitation rate after 192 hour of incubation. The Rf value of the bacterial IAA during TLC was identical to that of standard IAA (0.425) indicating that IAA was present in crude extract of Bacillus (BUX1). The influence of bacterial IAA on chlorophyll biosynthesis in bamboo seedlings was significant in comparison to uninoculated plants. Therefore, this isolate could be a prospective candidate to be employed as biofertilizer.

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Kelvin-Asogwa, Lynda, and Frank C. Ogbo. "Characterization and Plant Growth Promoting Properties of a Bacillus sp. Isolated from Maize Roots." Journal of Advances in Microbiology, September 9, 2021, 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i930380.

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Aim: To isolate plant growth promoting Bacillus strains from maize roots and to characterize using molecular methods, the strain with greatest potential for plant growth promotion. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, between February 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: The isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from maize roots was made using Nitrogen Free Bromothymol Blue (NFB) broth. They were screened for Phosphate solubilizing activities on Pikovskaya (PVK) agar. Quantitative determination and solubilization of different types of Phosphates was carried out using Pikovskaya broth. Optimization of factors affecting phosphate such as NaCl concentration, initial pH of the medium, size of inoculum, was done using pvk broth. Evaluation of other plant growth promoting properties were carried out such as IAA, Ammonia, cellulase and HCN production.  Results: Eleven Nitrogen fixing bacteria were isolated using NFB broth based on colour change of the medium from green to blue. Test for phosphate solubilization abilities of the organisms revealed that nine of the isolates solubilized phosphate on PVK agar. Organism coded with IS52 gave the least solubilization index of 1.14 while isolate IS19 gave the highest index of 3.4. Isolate IS19 yielded the highest amount of 73.5µg/ml P, while isolate IS30 was the weakest solubilizer in PVK broth, yielding 19.4µg/ml P. The best isolate IS19, produced the plant growth hormone Indole Acetic acid at a concentration of 105.4μg/ml. The organism also gave a positive result for ammonia and cellulase production but did not produce Hydrogen cyanide. It was identified as Bacillus subtilis using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis fixed Nitrogen qualitatively and solubilized insoluble phosphates in addition to other plant growth promoting properties, thus Bacillus subtilis has potential for plant growth promotion, making it an efficient strain for biofertilizer production

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Sousa, Lusiene B., Newton P. Stamford, Wagner S. Oliveira, Emmanuella V. N. Silva, Carolina E. R. S. Santos, and T. C. M. Stamford. "OPTIMIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS ENRICHED IN N BY DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA." European Journal of Sustainable Development 6, no. 3 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n3p448.

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Novokhatskyi, M., V. Targonya, T. Babinets, and O. Gorodetskyi. "AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine, no. 27(41) (December 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-16.

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Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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., Rambuatsaiha, T. Gohain, and Noyingthung Kikon. "Optimization of organic nutrient sources for green gram (Vigna radiata L. Welczek) under rainfed conditions." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research 51, no. 05 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-4842.

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A field investigation was conducted during the kharif season of 2012 at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Nagaland. Sole and combined applications of different organic nutrient sources viz., FYM, vermicompost, pig manure, rhizobium and PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) were evaluated in order to optimize organic nutrient management for green gram under rainfed conditions. Results showed that the combined application of rhizobium + PSB + vermicompost @ 0.7 t/ha was found to be the most responsive nutrient management practice recording significantly higher crop growth and yield attributes and ultimately recording the highest seed and stover yields of 369 and 989 kg/ha respectively. Soil available N and K status after harvest as well as seed and stover NPK uptake was found to be significantly higher with combined application of organic manures viz., vermicompost and FYM along with biofertilizers rhizobium and PSB.

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Lebrazi, Sara, Karsten Niehaus, Hanna Bednarz, Mouhcine Fadil, Marwa Chraibi, and Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim. "Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization by rhizobacterial strains isolated from Acacia cyanophylla root nodules and their effects on its plant growth." Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00090-2.

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Abstract Background Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant growth and are used as biofertilizers, thanks to their numerous benefits to agriculture such as phosphorus solubilization and phytohormone production. In this paper, four rhizospheric bacteria (Phyllobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Agrobacterium sp., and Rhizobium sp.) isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of Acacia cyanophylla were tested for their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under laboratory conditions. Then, the best IAA producer (Rhizobium sp.) was selected to test optimized conditions for IAA production. Finally, the effect of the four strains on plant growth for A. cyanophylla was evaluated in vivo. Results The results showed that the totality of the tested isolates had solubilized inorganic phosphate (P) in both NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate) and PVK (Pikovskaya) media. Bacillus sp. was a high P-solubilizer and showed maximum solubilization in PVK (519 μg ml-1) and NBRIP (782 μg ml-1). The optimization of maximum phosphate solubilization was done using different sources of carbon (1%) and nitrogen (0.1%). Glucose and ammonium sulfate were selected to be the best carbon and nitrogen source for phosphate solubilization by all tested strains, except for Phyllobacterium sp., which recorded the highest phosphate solubilization with ammonium nitrate. The IAA production by the tested strains indicated that Rhizobium sp. produced the highest amount of IAA (90.21 μg ml-1) in culture media supplemented with L-tryptophan. The best production was observed with L-Trp concentration of 0.2% (116.42 μg ml-1) and at an initial pH of 9 (116.07 μg ml-1). The effect of NaCl on IAA production was tested at concentrations of 0 to 5% and the maximum production of 89.43 μg ml-1 was found at 2% NaCl. The extraction of crude IAA from this strain was done and purity was confirmed with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA production was found to correspond with a standard spot of IAA with the same Rf value. Finally, the tested PGPR demonstrated growth stimulatory effects on Acacia cyanophylla seedlings in vivo, with a great increase of shoots’ and roots’ dry weights, and shoot length compared to control. The rhizobacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Agrobacterium sp. NA11001, Phyllobacterium sp. C65, Bacillus sp. CS14, and Rhizobium sp. V3E1. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of the use of phosphate solubilizing and IAA producer microorganisms as biofertilizers to increase crop yields. The studied strains showed a significant phosphate solubilization potential and IAA production. The use of selected strains as inoculants would be interesting, in particular with a view of promoting sustainable agriculture. However, further studies to verify the efficacy of the best isolates in situ is certainly required.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biofertilizer and optimization'

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