Academic literature on the topic 'Biofuel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biofuel"
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Chaudhary, Nikhil, Ankit Gupta, Sudheer Gupta, and Vineet K. Sharma. "BioFuelDB: a database and prediction server of enzymes involved in biofuels production." PeerJ 5 (August 28, 2017): e3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3497.
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Background In light of the rapid decrease in fossils fuel reserves and an increasing demand for energy, novel methods are required to explore alternative biofuel production processes to alleviate these pressures. A wide variety of molecules which can either be used as biofuels or as biofuel precursors are produced using microbial enzymes. However, the common challenges in the industrial implementation of enzyme catalysis for biofuel production are the unavailability of a comprehensive biofuel enzyme resource, low efficiency of known enzymes, and limited availability of enzymes which can function under extreme conditions in the industrial processes. Methods We have developed a comprehensive database of known enzymes with proven or potential applications in biofuel production through text mining of PubMed abstracts and other publicly available information. A total of 131 enzymes with a role in biofuel production were identified and classified into six enzyme classes and four broad application categories namely ‘Alcohol production’, ‘Biodiesel production’, ‘Fuel Cell’ and ‘Alternate biofuels’. A prediction tool ‘Benz’ was developed to identify and classify novel homologues of the known biofuel enzyme sequences from sequenced genomes and metagenomes. ‘Benz’ employs a hybrid approach incorporating HMMER 3.0 and RAPSearch2 programs to provide high accuracy and high speed for prediction. Results Using the Benz tool, 153,754 novel homologues of biofuel enzymes were identified from 23 diverse metagenomic sources. The comprehensive data of curated biofuel enzymes, their novel homologs identified from diverse metagenomes, and the hybrid prediction tool Benz are presented as a web server which can be used for the prediction of biofuel enzymes from genomic and metagenomic datasets. The database and the Benz tool is publicly available at http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/biofueldb& http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/biofueldb.
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Miraji, Mngereza, Xi Li, Jie Liu, and Chunmiao Zheng. "Evaluation of Water and Energy Nexus in Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2019): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113109.
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In African nations, national and regional development targets for water and energy sectors seldom consider the nexus between the two, risking imbalances and inefficiencies in resource allocation and utilization. A typical example is the development and expansion of biofuel in the Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania (WRB). Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the WRB to investigate the Water Energy Nexus (WEN), specifically, whether the development plan calling for biofuel expansion is a sound approach. Results show that WEN is much stronger in the biofuel irrigation consuming 69.3% and 61% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively. By 2035, the nexus continues to be stronger, consuming 54.5% and 49% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively, and thus first generation biofuels use much more resources in the growing than the refining process. An additional 768.2 million meter cubic of water and 413.4 million kWh of energy are needed for planned biofuel expansion, reallocating water to biofuels in water-scarce regions inherit related problems to other sectors such as increasing water use for the industry, agriculture, and energy sector by 67%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, which could further exacerbate stresses on water and energy supplies in the basin. Biofuel generation rely heavily on energy imports, as it consumes substantially more energy than it produces. Policies should promote the coordinated development of sustainable biofuel programs that are less water intensive with very low inputs of fossil fuels.
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Caliskan, Hakan, Ibrahim Yildiz, and Kazutoshi Mori. "Production and Assessment of New Biofuels from Waste Cooking Oils as Sustainable Bioenergy Sources." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010463.
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In this study, renewable and sustainable biofuel production from waste cooking oil and its blends with diesel fuel are investigated in terms of specific fuel properties. The fuel blends are named “Renewable Biofuel (RBF) 20” (20% biofuel–80% diesel), “Renewable Biofuel 50” (50% biofuel–50% diesel), and “Renewable Biofuel 100” (100% biofuel). The acid number, flash point, viscosity, cloud point, density, and pour point fuel properties of the new Renewable Biofuels are experimentally obtained and compared with diesel fuel. The viscosities of the biofuels are found to be 2.774 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 20, 3.091 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 50, and 4.540 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 100. Renewable Biofuel 20 has the minimum density value among biofuels. The density of Renewable Biofuel 20, Renewable Biofuel 50, and Renewable Biofuel 100 are obtained as 835 kg/m3, 846 kg/m3, and 884 kg/m3, respectively. More energy can be released with the use of Renewable Biofuel 100 in terms of heating value. The new fuel specification of biofuels can contribute to the fuel industry and help the studies on fuels for diesel engines.
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Demirbas, Ayhan. "Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections." Energy Conversion and Management 49, no. 8 (August 2008): 2106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020.
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Zahra, Ramsha, and Frisba Khan. "A BRIEF REVIEW ON ALGAE BASED BIOFUEL." Journal of Knowledge Learning and Science Technology ISSN: 2959-6386 (online) 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jklst.v1i1.13.
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This Utilization of algae as a sustainable biofuel source is summarized in this critical assessment.Biohydrogen is a third-generation feedstock for the manufacture of biofuels(bioethanol, biodiesel,orbiogas)biofuel made from the gas cannot reach its maximum potential because of the higher Costs of farming,reaping, extraction other stages. Consequently, this evaluation grants Deriving biofuels starting from algaebiomass is explained in great detail systems such as raceway ponds and photobioreactors along with theirbottlenecks. Evolution of biofuel The first section of this manuscript addressed feedstock, from edibleoils to algae. Here are some insights into the various generation of biofuels. Ultimately, Algal cultivationpretreatments and future dimensions. These steps were explained in detail in order to makecarefully practical algal biofuel.
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Mohite, Sanjay. "Biofuel certification." Resources and Environmental Economics 5, no. 1 (April 14, 2023): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ree.2023.01.001.
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Scope of biofuel certification is reviewed. It has been found that a biofuel certification is needed in the biofuels industry to authenticate biodiesel and its blends for use in diesel engines.In the world, a standard energy audit method is required to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel blend as fuel and also harmonise the research of biodiesel as fuel. Leagal measures for biofuel certification is required. There are various obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification. Therefore, this paper addresses the legal measures, obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification.
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Prananta, Wiraditma, and Ida Kubiszewski. "Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102803.
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In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.
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KALETNIK, Hryhorii, Viktor PRYSHLIAK, and Natalia PRYSHLIAK. "Public Policy and Biofuels: Energy, Environment and Food Trilemma." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.3(35).01.
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Current policies in energy sector address issues including environmentally friendly technologies, clean and renewable energy supplies and encourage more efficient energy use. The biofuel policy aims to promote production and consumption of fuels made from biomass. Despite the presence of both positive and negative effects of biofuels the world production and consumption of biofuels have been increasing significantly. To a large extent, this is due to an active public policy in the field of stimulating the production and consumption of biofuels. The volume of biofuel production in the leading countries (USA, Brazil and the EU) has been analyzed. The influence of public policy in the sphere of biofuel production and consumption on energy, environment and food security of the state has been examined. Multivariable and paired correlation as well as regression analysis aimed to determine the price dependence of the main crops used as feedstock for biofuels production, the volume of their production or processing for biofuels and the volumes of biofuel production have been carried out. As a result of this analysis the impact of the public policies in biofuels on the еnergy, environment and food security has been identified.
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Yakimovich, Elena. "Growing Biofuel Production in the Context of Food Security." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika 26, no. 4 (March 6, 2025): 194–206. https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2024.4.15.
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The article explores the relationship between biofuel production and food security in the face of rising food prices and the energy crisis. The problem of competition between the production of biofuels and food security is due to the fact that for the production of bioethanol and biodiesel, mainly fodder and food crops are used. In addition, competition for agricultural resources between biomass or food uses means competition for land and water, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machinery, labor, and capital. The rise in biofuel production is causing food and fuel markets to become so closely linked that a sustained increase in demand for biofuels not only has a marked impact on food crop prices but may cause shortages in some food types. A key role in the development of the biofuel industry is played by government policies that have been developed without considering how biofuel production will affect food security. The competition between food security and energy security goals, as well as the price competition between biofuels and traditional energy sources, has become a key issue on the political agenda of many countries. With rising food prices in 2021–2022, a number of countries are re-examining the impact of biofuel production from agricultural crops on energy and food security and making adjustments to biofuel policy.
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Kapustová, Zuzana, Jaroslav Kapusta, Andrea Boháčiková, and Peter Bielik. "Development Status in EU Biofuels Market." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0013.
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Abstract The paper provides development status in the EU biofuel market by giving a comprehensive picture of production, consumption and production capacity of the first generation biofuels – biodiesel and bioethanol, while giving also insights into issues related to biofuel feedstocks such as crop production and harvested area. Development of crop production and harvested area for the crop products, used as a feedstock in the production of biofuels, have shown the changes in agriculture due to the growing trend of the biofuel sector. Additionally, the increasing production and consumption of biofuels may also affect the prices of agricultural commodities used as a feedstock for bioenergy production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biofuel"
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Maslak, Valeria. "Biofuel." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15338.
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Matakala, Litiya. "Biofuel policies : what can Zambia learn from leading biofuel producers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5748.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Price volatility and high dependency on imported petroleum fuel has prompted the Zambian government to look into renewable fuels as part of an energy diversification program. With growing global interest in biofuels as a transportation fuel, the Zambian government intends to introduce bioethanol and biodiesel as renewable fuels in the transportation sector. While it seems feasible to produce both the feedstocks and biofuels to meet local demand, a regulatory framework and industry support mechanisms have not yet been formulated. The policy and regulatory frameworks encompass a multitude of actors, networks and institutions all playing distinct and important roles. Incorporating the differing interests of all these stakeholders is an involving process that requires detailed analysis of agriculture, environmental, energy, socioeconomic and taxation policies. This study attempts to contribute to the biofuels policy formulation process in Zambia. It analyses biofuel policies in leading biofuels producing countries and identifies aspects that the Zambian government should consider incorporating in its own policies to ensure a viable biofuels industry. Biofuel policies in Brazil, Germany and the United States of America were analysed using a detailed case study and extensive literature review. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the Zambian agriculture sector and the demand for petroleum fuel puts into context the potential demand and challenges likely to be faced. By understanding the history and development of biofuels in the case study countries, best practices, problems faced, policy innovations and industry support mechanisms were identified to inform policy formulation in Zambia. This does not only provide valuable insights and lessons but also ensures that time and resources are not wasted by reinventing the wheel. The comparative analysis of policies and support mechanisms in the three case study countries showed that articulating a clear policy objective, government support in the form of subsidies, wide stakeholder involvement and industry regulation have all played a critical role in the development of the industry. However, the extent to which all these factors have helped to shape the industry in Brazil, Germany and the USA is neither equal nor static. Countries are continuously adapting their policies and support mechanisms to environmental, energy and economic conditions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onbestendigheid van pryse en die groot mate van afhanklikheid van ingevoerde petroleumbrandstof het die Zambiese regering aangespoor om ondersoek in te stel na hernubare brandstof as deel van 'n energiediversifiseringsprogram. In die lig van die groeiende globale belangstelling in biobrandstof as vervoerbrandstof, beplan die Zambiese regering om bioetanol en biodiesel as hernubare brandstof in die vervoersektor te begin gebruik. Al lyk dit prakties uitvoerbaar om sowel die voerstof as die biobrandstof te vervaardig om in die plaaslike aanvraag te voorsien, is 'n reguleringsraamwerk en ondersteuningsmeganismes vir die industrie nog nie geskep nie. 'n Menigte rolspelers, netwerke en instellings, wat almal verskillende en belangrike rolle speel, sal betrokke wees by die beleidsformulering en reguleringsraamwerk. Om die uiteenlopende belange van al die betrokke partye in ag te neem is 'n ingewikkelde proses wat sal vereis dat 'n uitvoerige analise gemaak word van landbou-, omgewings-, energie-, sosio-ekonomiese en belastingbeleidsrigtings. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die formuleringsproses van die biobrandstofbeleid in Zambie. Dit analiseer die biobrandstofbeleid van die vooraanstaande lande wat biobrandstof vervaardig, en identifiseer aspekte wat die Zambiese regering in sy beleid behoort in te sluit om 'n lewensvatbare biobrandstofindustrie te verseker. Die biobrandstofbeleid van Brasilie, Duitsland en die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) is geanaliseer met behulp van uitvoerige gevallestudies en 'n grondige literatuurstudie. Verder plaas 'n noukeurige analise van die Zambiese landbousektor en die aanvraag na petroleumbrandstof die potensiele aanvraag en uitdagings wat waarskynlik hanteer sal meet word in konteks. Deur insig te verkry in die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van biobrandstof in die lande waar die gevallestudies gedoen is, kon die beste gebruike, moontlike probleme, nuwe beleidsrigtings en ondersteuningsmeganismes in die bedryf geidentifiseer word om die beleid in Zambie te help formuleer. Dit bied nie slegs waardevolle insig en leergeleenthede nie, maar verseker ook dat tyd en hulpbronne nie vermors word deur die wiel van voor af uit te vind nie. Die vergelykende analise van die beleidsrigtings en ondersteuningsmeganismes in die drie lande waar die gevallestudies gedoen is, het getoon dat 'n duidelik geformuleerde beleidsdoelwit, ondersteuning van die regering in die vorm van subsidies, die algemene betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes en die regulering van die industrie alles 'n uiters belangrike rol gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van hierdie industrie. Die mate waarin al hierdie faktore die industrie in Brasilie, Duitsland en die VSA help vorm het, het egter gewissel en was nooit staties nie. Lande pas voortdurend hulle beleid en ondersteuningsmeganismes aan by omgewings-, energie- en ekonomiese toestande.
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Larsson, Mathias. "Environmental assessments and Swedish consumption of biofuels : Review of Swedish biofuel research and aggregated life cycle assessment of Swedish biofuel consumption 2000-2013." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172050.
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This thesis assesses the potential environmental impacts for Swedish biofuel consumption and evaluates the environmental scope in Swedish biofuel research. The biofuel consumption is portrayed with life cycle assessment methodology and presents the emissions occurring from different feedstock and fuel production regions. The outcome of the biofuel consumption is compared with a fossil fuel scenario in order to put the emissions of biofuels in broader context. A systematic literature review is conducted on the published Swedish environmental system analysis on biofuels, to quantitatively interpret assessed environmental indicators and methods. The findings are that while global warming potential emissions decreased, local environmental impact potentials increases drastically. Most of the environmental burdens from the consumption have occurred in the EU and South America. Results from the systematic literature review shows on a dominating scope towards global warming potential and energy performance of the fuels. The justifications for the low consideration of other impact categories are often without motivation. Implications occurring from the limited scope are discussed in terms of potential problem shifting and its correspondence to Swedish environmental policy. The biofuel policies from the European Union and the Swedish Government are insufficient regarding mitigation of e.g. eutrophication, acidification and toxicity. Impacts from land use change and indirect land use change are also highly important to include in the assessments.I denna masteruppstats bedöms de potentiella miljöeffekterna för Svensk biodrivmedelskonsumtion och analysomfattningen i den Svensk biodrivmedelsforskningen. Sveriges konsumtion av biodrivmedel är miljömässigt bedömd genom livscykelanalys, där emissioner från råvaruframställning och produktion presenteras över uppkomstområde åren 2000-2013. De olika påverkansindikatorerna jämförs med miljöpåverkan från förbränning av fossila drivmedel med samma energiinnehåll. En systematisk litteraturundersökning genomförs över alla svenskpublicerade vetenskapliga artiklar i syfte att kvantitativt bedöma omfattningen av påverkanskategorier. Resultaten visar att samtidigt som växthusgaserna minskat har andra påverkanskategorier ökat dramatiskt. Den bedömda miljöpåverkan till följd av biodrivmedelskonsumtionen skedde till största delen i Europeiska och Sydamerikanska länder. Resultatet från den systematiska litteraturundersökningen visar ett övervägande i miljöpåverkansfokus på växthusgasutsläpp och energiprestanda i forskningen. Valet av påverkanskategorier är ofta undermåligt beskrivet och motivering till de studerade påverkansområdena saknas i majoriteten av rapporterna. Konsekvenserna av denna snäva miljöpåverkanssyn är diskuterad i förhållande till problemförflyttning och svensk miljöpolicy. Biodrivmedels strategier från Europeiska Unionen och den svenska regeringen är bristfälliga för att minska t. ex. övergödning, försurning och toxicitet. Påverkan från förändrad landanvändning och indirekt förändrad landanvändning är även de viktiga att medta i bedömningarna.
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Affandy, Gabriel, Donald Bridges, Quinn Daniels, Drew Janicek, Julia Martin, Edward Poling, Jordan Schmalz, et al. "HAWAII ALGAL BIOFUEL." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32891.
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This report investigates the feasibility and affordability of producing algae-derived biofuel in Hawaii for military aviation. The authors evaluated methods for cultivation of algae, investigated the processes necessary to locally refine bio-oil into bio-kerosene, researched the environmental impacts of cultivation and refinement facilities in Hawaii, and studied the resultant cost per gallon of bio-kerosene production. Based on the current state of technology and the proposed system of systems architecture, this report estimates that bio-kerosene can be produced for $8.00 - 22.87/gal, indicating that although this system is technically feasible, it is unlikely to be affordable at current fuel prices without ongoing subsidy or further technical innovation.
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Khor, Adela. "Energy from biofuel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3595/.
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Coal energized the 19"' century while oil worked for the 20"' century. The question that remains pending is the future energy source. With the expanding population and growing demands from industrialization of countries such as India and China, total reliance on fossil fuel is not sustainable. The urgent need for a green and sustainable fuel prompted research into energy crops as an alternative to fossil fuels. There is a need to identify a suitable biomass species, which can provide high-energy outputs in order to replace conventional fossil fuel. The type of biomass used would then depend on the energy conversion process and the form in which the energy is required. Theoretical and experimental studies are also required to investigate the relevant parameters for future process optimisation. In response to this demand, the first part of this PhD study focuses on examining the parameters affecting the behaviour of solid bed combustion in a fixed bed reactor. Extensive experimental investigation aimed at studying the behaviour of various biomass materials in fixed bed combustion was successfully completed. The parameters investigated in this experimental programme were the influence of primary air flow rates and particle sizes. Complementary conversion technology studied in this PhD is the solid bed gasification in a counter-current fixed bed reactor. The proposed gasifier is part of a two-stage integrated unit that ultimately aims to utilise biomass fuel such as wood chips and fuel pellets derived from agricultural waste. Experimental work was carried out to increase the understanding of the underlying principle of the gasification process. Parameters studied were the steam/air ratio, reactor temperature and particle size. The results obtained from the combustion tests showed that the burning rate, ignition velocity and flue gas composition were governed by the primary air flow. Single stage combustion occurred at higher air flow rates. It was also observed that the ignition front speed was inversely proportional to the bulk density. Larger particles have a lower ignition front speed and burning rate. The average burning rates of herbaceous fuels were 3-4 times slower compared to other biomass materials such as willow wood, miscanthus pellets and RDF waste. Channelling occurred around the side wall of the reactor for small miscanthus pellets and at several locations in the bed for larger particles (35mm cube). However, the observed channelling effect is severe in the test cases for uncut straw. The study of the gasification process showed that the hydrogen yield is influenced by the steam/air ratio, total flow rate of reactants, reactor temperature and particle size. The production of methane was negligible and no higher hydrocarbons were detected. A computational code known as the Fluid Dynamics of Incinerator Combustion code (FLIC) was used to interpret the experimental data. In this model, the initial solid waste undergoes step changes in the volume of its components consisting of moisture, volatile, fixed carbon, ash and internal pore space. The code was adapted to incorporate the steam-char reactions and gas phase reactions for the modelling of the gasification process. Comparison between the experimental results and model predictions showed good agreement. The combustion and gasification characteristics such as the burning rate, ignition rate, temperature profiles and gaseous emissions showed similar trends.
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Görling, Martin. "Turbomachinery in Biofuel Production." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28901.
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The aim for this study has been to evaluate the integration potential of turbo-machinery into the production processes of biofuels. The focus has been on bio-fuel produced via biomass gasification; mainly methanol and synthetic natural gas. The research has been divided into two parts; gas and steam turbine applications. Steam power generation has a given role within the fuel production process due to the large amounts of excess chemical reaction heat. However, large amounts of the steam produced are used within the production process and is thus not available for power production. Therefore, this study has been focused on lowering the steam demand in the production process, in order to increase the power production. One possibility that has been evaluated is humidification of the gasification agent in order to lower the demand for high quality steam in the gasifier and replace it with waste heat. The results show that the power penalty for the gasification process could be lowered by 18-25%, in the specific cases that have been studied. Another step in the process that requires a significant amount of steam is the CO2-removal. This step can be avoided by adding hydrogen in order to convert all carbon into biofuel. This is also a way to store hydrogen (e.g. from wind energy) together with green carbon. The results imply that a larger amount of sustainable fuels can be produced from the same quantity of biomass. The applications for gas turbines within the biofuel production process are less obvious. There are large differences between the bio-syngas and natural gas in energy content and combustion properties which are technical problems when using high efficient modern gas turbines. This study therefore proposes the integration of a natural gas fired gas turbine; a hybrid plant. The heat from the fuel production and the heat recovery from the gas turbine flue gas are used in a joint steam cycle. Simulations of the hybrid cycle in methanol production have shown good improvements. The total electrical efficiency is increased by 1.4-2.4 percentage points, depending on the fuel mix. The electrical efficiency for the natural gas used in the hybrid plant is 56-58%, which is in the same range as in large-scale combined cycle plants. A bio-methanol plant with a hybrid power cycle is consequently a competitive production route for both biomass and natural gas.QC 20110128
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Rasmussen, Michelle. "Trehalose-Based Biofuel Cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1321368249.
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Raut, Mahendra. "Characterising cellulolytic and biofuel generating bacteria using proteomics for future implementation as biofuel producers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6404/.
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In natural ecosystems, microbes are mostly found in diverse and complex communities or consortia that can live symbiotically and fulfil most important global biogeochemical cycles. These processes are very difficult or impossible to achieve by a single bacterium. At the global level, scientists have come to know the innate capacity of natural microbial consortia and are starting to understand natural communities and to develop recombinant synthetic consortia for future biotechnology application. In order to overcome key challenges arising due to fossil fuel depletion and contribution to global warming, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is thought to be a low cost processing scheme for lignocellulosic biofuel production. Consortia of cellulolytic and biofuel producing microorganisms could be an attractive alternative to single organism approaches. However, proper understanding of the biology of native microbes and their implementation in the development of consortia needs rigorous research study at the system-wide level. Given the immense potential in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels, anaerobic microorganisms are of great interest to researchers. Therefore, this research is focussed on two different anaerobic bacteria: Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, which is an efficient cellulose degrader, but cannot produce biofuels; and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, a promising solvents (acetone, ethanol, butanol) producing bacterium that cannot degrade cellulose. The study of these microbes at the systems level will help to understand the biological complexity of these microbes and provide valuable information for future CBP development. Based on capabilities of these microbes, two individual aspects have been proposed and investigated. In this thesis, an investigation of the surface colloidal properties and surface-membrane associated proteins of F. succinogenes involved in cellulose degradation by biotin labelling method using two substrate conditions cellulose and glucose (control) is carried out. Further analysis of the F. succinogenes membrane using high throughput quantitative proteomics using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is presented. This iTRAQ study reveals many novel proteins associated with cellulose degradation, adding valuable information on the mechanism of cellulose degradation in this bacterium. In this thesis, a preliminary technical study comparing two digestion systems (in-gel and in-solution) of soluble proteins from C. acetobutylicum and two peptide separation techniques (SCX and HILIC) is presented. Results reveal that in-gel digestion with HILIC separation is superior to SCX for soluble proteomics from this system. Results are further used in a quantitative proteomics study in the presence of cellobiose and lignin and elucidate the effect of lignin on solvent production and various metabolic processes. This thesis demonstrates that both F. succinogenes and C. acetobutylicum can potentially be used in co-culture to utilise cellulose and pre-treated lignocellulosic waste for bio-augmented bioalcohol production in consolidated bioprocess (CBP) development framework.
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Siddiqui, Aamir, Christopher Kading, and Kasey Carter. "Biofuel: a comparative case study." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34746.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis project analyzes the governments role in the commercialization of biofuel by comparing biofuel commercialization efforts to those of nuclear power and nanotechnology commercialization. The PESTEL framework is applied to nuclear power and nanotechnology to identify key factors relevant to successful commercialization. These success factors are compared to current government biofuel policies to infer the likelihood of successful biofuel commercialization. In closing we recommend changes to government policy to improve the prospect of biofuel commercialization.
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Ashworth, Kirsti. "Atmospheric impacts of biofuel cultivation." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654455.
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Biogenic volatile organic compounds play a key role in governing the rate of chemical production and loss of tropospheric ozone and formation of secondary organic aerosol, important atmospheric constituents which affect both climate and air quality. Isoprene is the most important of these compounds, both in terms of quantity emitted and subsequent reactions. The effects of changes in isoprene emissions due to land use change driven by the cultivation of biofuel feedstock crops in the near-future (2020s) have been evaluated. Two realistic biofuel cultivation scenarios were developed, based on current government targets for the replacement of transportation fuel with bio-ethanol and biodiesel. A series of simulations, using isoprene emissions, atmospheric chemistry and climate models, were performed to quantify the impacts. The two biofuel cultivation scenarios yield roughly the same quantity of fuel (180 Mt of oil equivalent per year), in line with projected global demands for biofuel in the 2020s. In each case, global annual isoprene emissions rose by around 1 %. The resulting changes in ground-level ozone concentrations were markedly different, with increases of as much as 10 ppbv over parts of Europe as a result of cultivation in the mid-latitudes, but decreases across much of the tropics due to oil palm cultivation. If co-located emissions of NOx from oil palm processing were included, ozone levels rose by up to 5 ppbv over SE Asia, highlighting the importance of controlling NOx emissions. The increases in ozone over Europe are projected to result in 1300 premature deaths and a 4% reduction r III in the wheat harvest. This is the first time that changes in biogenic emissions resulting from realistic land use changes driven by biofuel cultivation have been considered. The projected impacts on air quality and health indicate that such emissions are important in assessing the overall environmental effect of biofuels.
Books on the topic "Biofuel"
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Gupta, Vijai Kumar, and Maria G. Tuohy, eds. Biofuel Technologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34519-7.
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Kothari, Richa, Vinayak V. Pathak, and V. V. Tyagi. Algal Biofuel. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003363231.
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K, Bhatnagar S., Atul Saxena, and S. Kraan. Algae biofuel. New Delhi: Studium Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2011.
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Bhatia, Shashi Kant, Parmjit Singh Panesar, and Ranjit Gurav. Microbial Biofuel. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003585398.
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P, Haas Bratt, ed. Ethanol biofuel production. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Singh, Bharat P., ed. Biofuel Crop Sustainability. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118635797.
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Industry, Confederation of Indian. Advanced biofuel technologies. New Delhi: Confederation of Indian Industry, 2010.
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Srivastava, Neha, Manish Srivastava, P. K. Mishra, and Vijai Kumar Gupta, eds. Bioprocessing for Biofuel Production. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7070-4.
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Gupta, Vijai Kumar. Biofuel Technologies: Recent Developments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Khan, Anish, Abdullah Asiri, and Showkat Bhawani, eds. Waste to Biofuel Technology. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4561-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Biofuel"
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Betz, Frederik. "Biofuels biofuel and Sustainable Buildings biofuel sustainable buildings." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1025–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_222.
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Betz, Frederik. "Biofuels biofuel and Sustainable Buildings biofuel sustainable buildings." In Sustainable Built Environments, 54–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5828-9_222.
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Klemm, Marco, Ralf Schmersahl, Claudia Kirsten, and Nadja Weller. "Biofuels biofuel : Upgraded New Solids biofuel upgraded new solids." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1067–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_247.
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Klemm, Marco, Ralf Schmersahl, Claudia Kirsten, and Nadja Weller. "Biofuels biofuel : Upgraded New Solids biofuel upgraded new solids." In Renewable Energy Systems, 138–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_247.
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Luna, Diego. "Biofuel." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1895-1.
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Sharma, Neetu, and Abhinashi Singh Sodhi. "Biofuel." In Basic Concepts in Environmental Biotechnology, 189–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003131427-14.
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Klein-Marcuschamer, Daniel, Brad Holmes, Blake A. Simmons, and Harvey W. Blanch. "Biofuel Economics." In Plant Biomass Conversion, 329–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959138.ch14.
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Luz, Roberto A. S., Andressa R. Pereira, Rodrigo M. Iost, and Frank N. Crespilho. "Biofuel Cells." In Nanoenergy, 161–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62800-4_5.
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Clay, Sylvia M., and Stephen S. Fong. "Biofuel Context." In Developing Biofuel Bioprocesses Using Systems and Synthetic Biology, 7–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5580-6_2.
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Van Walsum, G. Peter, and M. Clayton Wheeler. "Biofuel Production." In Wood-Based Energy in the Northern Forests, 161–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9478-2_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biofuel"
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Salmenoja, K., and K. Mäkelä. "Prevention of Superheater Corrosion in the Combustion of Biofuels." In CORROSION 2000, 1–11. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00238.
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Abstract Biofuel-firing is an emerging technology in power production. Predominantly, biofuels are well suitable for utility and power boilers. The high concentrations of potassium and chlorine in some of the biofuels make their use rather devastating. Fouling is typically related to biofuel-firing, and all biofuels can be regarded as more or less corrosive. Chlorine- induced corrosion in biofuel-firing was studied both in laboratory and with field tests. Field tests revealed that sulfation of alkali chlorides in the deposits are involved in the corrosion process. In laboratory tests, a phenomenon named the memory effect was observed. In the memory effect, HCl induced rapid oxidation continued also after the HCl flow was turned off. This confirms the existence of the so-called chlorine circulation theory. According to the field experiments, the best way to prevent corrosion in biofuel-firing is to keep the S/Cl-ratio in the fuel higher than 2.0, preferably over 4.0.
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Geissler, Caleb H., and Christos T. Maravelias. "Biofuels with Carbon Capture and Storage in the United States Transportation Sector." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 738–43. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.167890.
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There is a need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While significant progress has been made in electrifying transport, heavy duty transportation and aviation are not likely to be capable of electrification in the near term, spurring significant research into biofuels. When coupled with carbon capture and storage, biofuels can achieve net-negative greenhouse gas emissions via many different conversion technologies such as fermentation, pyrolysis, or gasification to produce ethanol, gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel. However, each pathway has a different efficiency, capital and operating costs, and potential for carbon capture, making the optimal pathway dependent on policy and spatial factors. We use the Integrated Markal-EFOM System model applied to the USA, adding a rich suite of biofuel and carbon capture technologies, region-specific CO2 transportation and injection costs, and government incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act. We find that under current government incentives, biofuels and carbon capture from biorefineries are primarily focused in the Midwest and South of the USA, but play a relatively small role in the overall USA transportation sector even in 2055. However, increased government incentives, biomass availability, or oil price could lead to increased biofuel production and reduced transportation emissions.
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Pedraza, Henry, and Amal Al-Borno. "Mitigating Corrosion in Biofuel Production and Transportation - A Review of Materials, Protective Films and Testing Methodologies." In CONFERENCE 2025, 1–12. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00325.
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Biofuels, such as bio-oil, biodiesel, and fuel-grade ethanol, have environmental benefits but there are significant challenges regarding material compatibility and corrosion for transport and storage of these products. Biodiesel may contain higher levels of oxygen and water, which can accelerate corrosion in metals and elastomers. The presence of fatty acids and their degradation products further enhances corrosivity, affecting materials such as carbon steel, commonly used in fuel systems. The tendency of ethanol to absorb water and contain corrosive ions like chlorides, increases the risk of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in metallic components. Its hygroscopic properties make it more aggressive towards metals and polymers in fuel systems. Similarly, the acidic nature and presence of oxygenates in bio-oil can lead to aggressive corrosion, particularly in storage tanks and pipelines made of carbon steel and other common structural materials. This paper reviews current understanding, data and actions within the corrosion industry in safeguarding carbon steel with either protective coatings or by opting for more expensive alloys. It identifies a critical gap in standardized testing methods and suggests steps toward developing corrosion testing protocols tailored to biofuels. It is suggested that this is crucial for accurately assessing material compatibility and ensuring long-term durability of biofuel infrastructure. This advancement would support better material selection, improve safety, reduce maintenance costs, and contribute to the sustainable development of the biofuel industry.
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Sridhar, Narasi, John A. Beavers, Feng Gui, Liu Cao, Greg Quickel, Barbara Padgett, and Dave Norfleet. "Materials Compatibility Issues with Ethanol Storage and Transportation– A Review." In CORROSION 2017, 1–16. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-10039.
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Abstract The storage and transportation of biofuels continue to be of interest in a number of industries and countries. Depending on the type of biofuel, different materials compatibility issues arise. For the case of alcohol fuels, stress corrosion cracking of steels, and swelling and leaching of various polymeric materials are important. For biodiesels, uniform and localized corrosion of steels is important. This paper will provide an overview of research that has been conducted in alcohol fuels and identify gaps in knowledge.
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Smith, Robert. "A Summary of Biofuel Pipeline Activities and Progress in the U.S." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31304.
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The US Government has mandated the production and usage of biofuels to help reduce dependence on foreign petroleum and to help improve air quality. Partnerships between the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the pipeline industry, other Federal and State agencies and the emergency first responder community are rapidly addressing infrastructure challenges and removing the technical and regulatory barriers for transporting biofuels. These initiatives are critical for enabling biofuel usage to grow nationwide and reach government production targets. This paper will summarize recent biofuel activities and discuss the progress seen in removing challenges for safely moving biofuels in the pipeline infrastructure.
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JÄGER, Alexander, Heike KAHR, Tina ORTNER, and Renate KRÄNZL-NAGL. "BIOETHANOL FROM STRAW AND ITS PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.009.
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The consequences of global warming and the need for a reduction in greenhouse gases have led to dramatic changes in the automotive sector. Whereas the use of biofuel increased continuously over the first decade of this century, e-mobility has been deemed.by politicians and the media alike. As the development of the electric car, rechargeable batteries and charging stations are far from being fully explored, biofuels will play an important role as a bridging technology over the next 20 years. The successful use of biofuels requires its widespread acceptance by consumers. To evaluate the public opinion towards biofuels we carried out a representative opinion poll to collect information on the population’s acceptance of biofuels. The result indicates that there is a lack of interest and information about biofuels, especially among young people and women. First generation bioethanol is strongly associated with the waste of food, but the acceptance of the second generation, produced from agricultural remnants like straw from wheat or corn, is considerably higher. The interviewees see more transparent, objective and less technical information about biofuels as an essential way to increase the level of information and the acceptance rate. In summary, the introduction of biofuels must be accompanied by information campaigns if biofuels should ever reach larger market shares. The irritations caused by the manipulation of the software on the part of several automobile manufacturers of Diesel engines could pave the way for this. So, future decentralized bioethanol plants could play an important role in biofuel production and contribute to the development of rural areas. In this paper the legal aspects of biofuel usage are described, the State of the art Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material is described, the production capacity worldwide is calculated and the results from an opinion poll concerning the public acceptance of biofuels are presented.
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Chagoya, Katerina L., Alan Felix, Fernand E. Torres, Nicholas Ciaffone, Taylor E. Pitts, Andres Curbelo, Laurene Tetard, Jayanta Kapat, and Richard G. Blair. "Thermal Degradation of Biofuels in Contact With Hot Metal Surfaces." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91811.
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Abstract Biofuels are an important component of a sustainable fuel future. The implementation of such fuels into existing and new engine designs requires an understanding of their interactions with the engine’s components at temperature. The formation of soot deposits on hot metal components, when in contact with fuels at elevated temperatures, can reduce engine performance. We have devised a test rig to measure soot formation from individual biofuel components. Fuel can be sprayed onto metal surfaces up to 750 °C under a controlled atmosphere. Using this rig, we have studied the formation of carbon deposits on steel, nickel, and aluminum metals using the pure small molecule biofuels and fuel mixture simulants. The amount and chemical identity of the deposits formed were studied using Raman spectroscopy. Using this new method for soot quantification, we can more rapidly screen for low soot forming biofuels as promising biofuel candidates grow.
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Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, P. F. Zhang, Z. J. Pei, and T. Deines. "Size Reduction of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: Effects of Biomass Crystallinity and Particle Size." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64059.
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Gradual depletion of world petroleum reserves and increasing environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions make it urgent to develop sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based transportation fuels. Cellulosic biofuels provide one such alternative in the short to medium term. In order to convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels, size reduction is a necessary step. In the literature, there are inconsistent reports about the effects of particle size and biomass crystallinity on sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield). An important reason for this inconsistence is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled, causing the effects of these two variables confounded. This paper presents an experimental study on size reduction of poplar wood using a lathe, where particle formation could be well controlled to prevent the effects of these two variables from being confounded. In this study, particle size was controlled by different numbers of slots cut on the workpiece. Particles with the same crystallinity but different particle sizes were produced. This will make it possible to study the effects of particle size on biofuel yield independently, and reveal future research opportunities to understand the effects of size reduction in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing.
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Buzinskiene, Rita. "An overview of biofuel potential from energy crops waste biomass." In 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.057.
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In order to mitigate climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and ensure the security of energy independence, it is important to expand immediately the energy crop waste biomass utilization in the agricultural sector. The aim of the study is to assess the potential of energy crop waste biomass with particular focus on biofuels in the case of Lithuania. The posed research question is: what type of energy crop waste biomass is considerable for the consumption of biofuel production. The results of analysis showed that the dominant position was associated with biodiesel production in Lithuania's transport sector, followed by bioethanol production. Biogas production has taken the lowest position in the biofuel industry. It was determined that the highest potential of biofuel was associated with four based energy crops. Unfortunately, the biofuel potential is still not used by utilization of other energy crops. The recommendation is to promote the cultivation of energy crops, such as miscanthus, hemp, switchgrass, reed canary grass, and others energy crops in the agricultural sector of Lithuania.
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Mu, Dongyan, Fu Zhao, Thomas P. Seager, and P. Suresh C. Rao. "Integration of Resilience Perspective Into Sustainability Assessment of Biofuel Production." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28148.
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The recent boom and collapse of the corn ethanol industry calls into question on the long-term sustainability of biofuels and traditional approaches to biofuel systems design. Compared with petroleum based transportation fuel production, biofuel production systems are so closely connected and heavily influenced by natural systems that they have to deal with high degrees of complexity, variability and unpredictability. Accordingly, a fundamental change in design philosophy is necessary for long-term viability of biofuel production. The new approach requires the system to be designed not for a narrowly defined efficiency (both economic and ecological), but for resilience (indicated by characteristics such as diversity, efficiency, cohesion and adaptability) to absorb unexpected disruptions and changes. Also, biofuel systems must be endowed with transformability to allow for “creative destruction” when current transportation fuels are eventually supplanted by new vehicle technologies and/or mode of transportation. This paper addresses important concepts in the design of coupled engineering-ecological systems (i.e. resilience, adaptability and transformability) that determine future system trajectories at multiple scales. In addition, several emerging biofuel conversion technologies are examined from a resilience perspective. It is suggested that the thermo-chemical conversion technologies may be preferable for biofuel production from resilience aspect. However, multiple technologies may increase the diversity and flexibility of the entire industry. This paper calls for the development of quantitative metrics for resilience assessment (similar to life cycle assessment for environmental sustainability) of industrial system, which are critical for integrating resilience into technology development and system design.
Reports on the topic "Biofuel"
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Taheripour, Farzad, Thomas Hertel, and Wally Tyner. Implications of the Biofuels Boom for the Global Livestock Industry: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. GTAP Working Paper, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp58.
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The past decade has seen rapid growth in the global biofuels sector – particularly in the US and the EU. This has had important implications for the global livestock industry – both by raising the cost of feed grains and oilseeds and by forcing onto the market a large supply of biofuel by-products, many of which end up in livestock feed rations. This paper systematically investigates the impact of an expanding biofuels industry on the mix and location of global livestock production. Our results suggest that the impacts on specific livestock sectors in individual countries are quite varied. We estimate that growth in the US and EU biofuels industries actually results in larger absolute reductions in livestock production overseas, as opposed to in the biofuel producing regions themselves. This is due to the relatively greater transmission of grains prices into the overseas markets, as compared to the transmission of byproduct prices. We also find that the non-ruminant industry curtails its production more than other livestock industries, because it is less able to take advantage of low cost biofuel byproducts in its feed rations. Implementing biofuel mandates in the US and EU increases cropland area within the biofuel and non-biofuel producer regions. A large portion of this increase will be obtained from reduced grazing lands. The biofuel producing regions are expected to reduce their coarse grains exports and increase imports of oilseeds and vegetable oils, while they increase their exports of processed feed materials. Though biofuel mandates have important consequences for the livestock industry, they do not severely curtail these industries. This is largely due to the important role of byproducts in substituting for higher priced feedstuffs.
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Hertel, Thomas, Jevgenijs Steinbuks, and Uris Lantz Baldos. Competition for Land in the Global Bioeconomy. GTAP Working Paper, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp68.
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The global land use implications of biofuel expansion have received considerable attention in the literature over the past decade. Model-based estimates of the emissions from cropland expansion have been used to assess the environmental impacts of biofuel policies. And integrated assessment models have estimated the potential for biofuels to contribute to greenhouse gas abatement over the coming century. All of these studies feature, explicitly or implicitly, competition between biofuel feed stocks and other land uses. However, the economic mechanisms governing this competition, as well as the contribution of biofuels to global land use change, have not received the close scrutiny that they deserve. The purpose of this paper is to offer a deeper look at these factors. We begin with a comparative static analysis which assesses the impact of exogenously specified forecasts of biofuel expansion over the 2006-2035 period. Global land use change is decomposed according to the three key margins of economic response: extensive supply, intensive supply, and demand. Under the International Energy Agency’s “New Policies” scenario, biofuels account for nearly one-fifth of global land use change over the 2006-2035 period. The paper also offers a comparative dynamic analysis which determines the optimal path for first and second generation biofuels over the course of the entire 21st century. In the absence of GHG regulation, the welfare-maximizing path for global land use allocates 170 Mha to biofuel feed stocks by 2100, with the associated biofuels accounting for about 30% of global liquid fuel consumption. This area expansion is somewhat diminished by expected climate change impacts on agriculture, while it is significantly increased by a moderately aggressive GHG emissions target and by advances in conversion efficiency of second generation biofuels.
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Taheripour, Farzad, Dileep Birur, Thomas Hertel, and Wally Tyner. Introducing Liquid Biofuels into the GTAP Data Base. GTAP Research Memoranda, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm11.
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Production of liquid biofuels has rapidly increased around the world in recent years. Biofuel production, by its nature, can affect the economy and environment of many countries in different ways. Global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) analysis is an appropriate approach to study the widespread socio-economic and environmental impacts of bioenergy production. An appropriate benchmark data base including an independent biofuel sector is essential to develop a CGE model for this purpose. This paper represents the first effort aimed at formally introducing liquid biofuels sectors into the version 6 of the GTAP Data Base (Dimaranan, 2007). It builds on the International Energy Agency (IEA) data base, plant-level, biofuel processing models, and the SplitCom program developed by Horridge (2005) to introduce three biofuel sectors into the GTAP Data Base. ----- A discussion thread for this data base is available at: <a href="https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/forums/post_thread.asp?RefID=199&T_ID=49">www.gtap.org/forums/post_thread.asp?RefID=199&T_ID=49</a>
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Taheripour, Farzad, Luis Pena-Levano, and Wally Tyner. Introducing first and second generation biofuels into GTAP 9 Data Base. GTAP Research Memoranda, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm29.
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The standard GTAP data bases do not explicitly represent production, consumption, and trade of biofuels. In response to the growing demand for biofuels research, biofuels (including ethanol produced from grains, ethanol produced from sugarcane, and biodiesel produced from vegetable oils) were introduced in to the GTAP data base version 6 which represents the global economy in 2001 [1]. In 2001 the global production of biofuels (including ethanol and biodiesel) was about 5 billion gallons. Then the first and second generation of biofuels were introduced into the GTAP data base version 7 for 2004 [2]. In 2004 the global production of all types of first generation of biofuels was about 7.8 billion gallons. In 2004, there was no commercial production of second generation of biofuels (biofuels produced from cellulosic materials). However, several second generation biofuel technologies were introduced into this data base. Several studies have used the first and second versions of the GTAP-BIO data bases to project the economic and land use impacts of biofuel production and policy at the global scale
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Birur, Dileep, Thomas Hertel, and Wally Tyner. Impact of Biofuel Production on World Agricultural Markets: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. GTAP Working Paper, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp53.
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This paper introduces biofuels sectors as energy inputs into the GTAP data base and to the production and consumption structures of the GTAP-Energy model developed by Burniaux and Truong (2002), and further modified by McDougall and Golub (2008). We also incorporate Agro-ecological Zones (AEZs) for each of the land using sectors in line with Lee et al. (2005). The GTAP-E model with biofuels and AEZs offers a useful framework for analyzing the growing importance of biofuels for global changes in crop production, utilization, commodity prices, factor use, trade, land use change etc. We begin by validating the model over the 2001-2006 period. We focus on six main drivers of the biofuel boom: the hike in crude oil prices, replacement of MTBE by ethanol as a gasoline additive in the US, and subsidies for ethanol and biodiesel in the US and EU. Using this historical simulation, we calibrate the key elasticities of energy substitution between biofuels and petroleum products in each region. With these parameter settings in place, the model does a reasonably good job of predicting the share of feedstock in biofuels and related sectors in accordance with the historical evidence between 2001 and 2006 in the three major biofuel producing regions: US, EU, and Brazil. The results from the historical simulation reveal an increased production of feedstock with the replacement of acreage under other agricultural crops. As expected, the trade balance in oil sector improves for all the oil exporting regions, but it deteriorates at the aggregate for the agricultural sectors.
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Jahan, Kauser. Algae Derived Biofuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177407.
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LOY, DOUGLAS A., CHRISTOPHER J. CORNELIUS, CHRISTOPHER A. APBLETT, DAVID INGERSOLL, SUSAN M. BROZIK, MURAT OKANDAN, STANLEY H. KRAVITZ, and W. KENT SCHUBERT. Biofuel Cell LDRD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801401.
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Tidwell, Vincent Carroll, Leonard A. Malczynski, and Amy Cha-Tien Sun. Biofuel impacts on water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1008109.
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Heller, Adam. Implantable Biofuel Cell Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403772.
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Tidwell, Vincent Carroll, Leonard A. Malczynski, and Amy Cha-Tien Sun. Biofuel impacts on water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030402.
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