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Journal articles on the topic 'Biofuel Sector'
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1
Miraji, Mngereza, Xi Li, Jie Liu, and Chunmiao Zheng. "Evaluation of Water and Energy Nexus in Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2019): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113109.
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In African nations, national and regional development targets for water and energy sectors seldom consider the nexus between the two, risking imbalances and inefficiencies in resource allocation and utilization. A typical example is the development and expansion of biofuel in the Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania (WRB). Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the WRB to investigate the Water Energy Nexus (WEN), specifically, whether the development plan calling for biofuel expansion is a sound approach. Results show that WEN is much stronger in the biofuel irrigation consuming 69.3% and 61% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively. By 2035, the nexus continues to be stronger, consuming 54.5% and 49% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively, and thus first generation biofuels use much more resources in the growing than the refining process. An additional 768.2 million meter cubic of water and 413.4 million kWh of energy are needed for planned biofuel expansion, reallocating water to biofuels in water-scarce regions inherit related problems to other sectors such as increasing water use for the industry, agriculture, and energy sector by 67%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, which could further exacerbate stresses on water and energy supplies in the basin. Biofuel generation rely heavily on energy imports, as it consumes substantially more energy than it produces. Policies should promote the coordinated development of sustainable biofuel programs that are less water intensive with very low inputs of fossil fuels.
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Kupczyk, Adam, Joanna Mączyńska, Michał Sikora, Karol Tucki, and Tomasz Żelaziński. "Stan i perspektywy oraz uwarunkowania prawne funkcjonowania sektorów biopaliw transportowych w Polsce." Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.1.3.
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The current state and the future of the biofuels for transport sectors in Poland were presented in the paper. Because of the importance of legal conditions, crucial directives and acts affecting the shape of these sectors were discussed. The scoring multicriteria M.E. Porter method was used to research attractiveness of the national biofuel sectors, i.e. the sectors of biodiesel and bioethanol produced from edible material (so-called first generation biofuels) as well as the sector of bioethanol produced from inedible material, mainly from lignocellulose (so-called second generation biofuel). Various factors of macro- and microenvironment of first generation biofuels caused regular reduction of their attractiveness. However, the sector of second generation bioethanol, which is not produced at industrial scale in Poland now, is characterized by relatively high and growing attractiveness.
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Ogner Jåstad, Eirik, Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø, Per Kristian Rørstad, Atle Midttun, Judit Sandquist, and Erik Trømborg. "The Future Role of Forest-Based Biofuels: Industrial Impacts in the Nordic Countries." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082073.
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This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the transport sector, resulting in a demand for biofuels of approximately 2.5 billion L in 2035 and 1 billion L in 2050 in a 100% fossil-free base scenario. The simultaneous increase in demand from pulping industries and biofuel will cause an overall increase in wood use, of which the biofuels share will constitute approximately 20–25%. The utilization of harvest residues will increase more than 300% compared to the current level, since biofuel production will reallocate some of the current raw material used in district heating. Biofuel consumption in road transport will likely reduce after 2040 due to increasing electrification, but it is plausible that the declining domestic demand will be replaced by increasing demand from international biofuel markets in aviation and shipping. The main uncertainties in the scenarios are the future costs and profitability of forest-based biofuel technologies and the public acceptance of the close to 100 TWh of new renewable electricity production needed for the electrification of Nordic road transport.
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Kapustová, Zuzana, Jaroslav Kapusta, Andrea Boháčiková, and Peter Bielik. "Development Status in EU Biofuels Market." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0013.
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Abstract The paper provides development status in the EU biofuel market by giving a comprehensive picture of production, consumption and production capacity of the first generation biofuels – biodiesel and bioethanol, while giving also insights into issues related to biofuel feedstocks such as crop production and harvested area. Development of crop production and harvested area for the crop products, used as a feedstock in the production of biofuels, have shown the changes in agriculture due to the growing trend of the biofuel sector. Additionally, the increasing production and consumption of biofuels may also affect the prices of agricultural commodities used as a feedstock for bioenergy production.
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Gilmer, Alan J., Mark J. McGarrity, and Vivienne Byers. "Resolving the policy paradox: the case of biofuel production in Ireland." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2015-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the status of policy design and policy implementation in the biofuel sector in Ireland. The focus of the work addresses the overarching operational context of the biofuel sector in Ireland and the role of different actors in shaping and resolving inconsistencies in policy outlook and practice. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative research approach involving a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the relevant sub-groups concerned. This study sought to address two questions – whether current or proposed policy is likely to affect consumption of indigenous biofuel feedstocks in the biofuel sector and what are the controlling factors in the demand for indigenous feedstocks for biofuel. Findings Outcomes suggest that while Irish government policy recognises the need to support the development of renewable energy, it also operates under a number of parallel and potentially inconsistent paradigms in relation to biofuels as a renewable energy commodity. It is contended that the outcome of this position is a lack of coherent and coordinated policy in the area of biofuel production, including second generation biofuel using indigenous feedstocks. Originality/value This paper provides a new cross sectoral perspective on the status of biofuel policy in Ireland with particular reference to second generation biofuel feedstocks. It focuses analysis on the nature of policy-operational inconsistencies and the need for a deeper ecological perspective in governance.
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Smigins, R., and P. Shipkovs. "Biofuels in transport sector of Latvia: experience, current status and barriers." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0004.
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Abstract During the last 10 years biofuel production and utilization in the European Union have become more extensive owing to support provided by the relevant EU Directives. Achievement of the main targets defined by Directives was not simple, being confronted with various barriers. Latvia is one of the EU member-countries that have set an ambitious goal as to the production of biofuel and its use in transport. The authors summarize the major achievements of the country in this area and analyze the main barriers to implementation of biofuels in the transport sector, providing an outlook on the current status of the bioenergy and the transport situation in Latvia.
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KALETNIK, Hryhorii, Viktor PRYSHLIAK, and Natalia PRYSHLIAK. "Public Policy and Biofuels: Energy, Environment and Food Trilemma." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.3(35).01.
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Current policies in energy sector address issues including environmentally friendly technologies, clean and renewable energy supplies and encourage more efficient energy use. The biofuel policy aims to promote production and consumption of fuels made from biomass. Despite the presence of both positive and negative effects of biofuels the world production and consumption of biofuels have been increasing significantly. To a large extent, this is due to an active public policy in the field of stimulating the production and consumption of biofuels. The volume of biofuel production in the leading countries (USA, Brazil and the EU) has been analyzed. The influence of public policy in the sphere of biofuel production and consumption on energy, environment and food security of the state has been examined. Multivariable and paired correlation as well as regression analysis aimed to determine the price dependence of the main crops used as feedstock for biofuels production, the volume of their production or processing for biofuels and the volumes of biofuel production have been carried out. As a result of this analysis the impact of the public policies in biofuels on the еnergy, environment and food security has been identified.
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Heo, Sujung, and Joon Choi. "Potential and Environmental Impacts of Liquid Biofuel from Agricultural Residues in Thailand." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051502.
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In this study, various national strategies and programs are described by planning instruments. The TIEB (Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint), which includes six programs (AEDP, PDP, EEDP, ODP, GDP, REDP), aims to regulate renewable energy and improve the use of biofuel. In addition, the potential of second-generation biofuels is estimated with different residue extractions of second-generation biomasses: 20% (scenario 1), 44% (scenario 2), and 66% (scenario 3). Based on the production potentials that were estimated, CO2 will decrease 1.3–3.5 megatons in the gasoline sector, and 1.4–3.8 megatons in the diesel sector under scenario 1. In scenario 2, we estimated decreases of 2.8–7.7 mega tons and 3.2–8.4 mega tons of CO2 for the gasoline and diesel sectors, respectively. Finally, scenario 3 is expected to reduce the CO2 concentration by 4.2–11.6 megatons in the gasoline sector, and by 4.7–12.6 megatons in the diesel sector. We also estimate the economic potential of a second-generation biofuel with the view of emissions trading. For bioethanol and biodiesel, respectively, 27–74 million USD and 30–81 million USD could be realized in scenario 1, 60–163 million USD and 67–178 million USD in scenario 2, and 90–244 million USD and 100–267 million USD in scenario 3. We conclude that the future potential of second-generation biofuels in Thailand is optimistic, and that they can provide both environmental and economic benefits to the country.
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Hayes, Dermot, Bruce Babcock, Jacinto Fabiosa, Simla Tokgoz, Amani Elobeid, Tun-Hsiang Yu, Fengxia Dong, et al. "Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (August 2009): 465–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002935.
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We examined four evolution paths of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium world agricultural sector model in CARD that includes the new RFS in the 2007 EISA, a two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. The third scenario considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price, while the last is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax credit when the energy price is high. Standard results hold where the biofuel sector expands with higher energy price, raising the prices of most agricultural commodities through demand side adjustment channels for primary feedstocks and supply side adjustment channels for substitute crops and livestock. On the other hand, the biofuel sector shrinks coupled with opposite impacts on agricultural commodities with the removal of all support including the tax credit. Also, we find that given distribution bottlenecks, cellulosic ethanol crowds marketing channels resulting in a corn-based ethanol price that is discounted. The blenders' credit and consumption mandates provide a price floor for ethanol and for corn. Finally, the tight linkage between the energy and agricultural sectors resulting from the expanding biofuel sector may raise the possibility of spillover effects of OPEC's market power on the agricultural sector.
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Nassar, Andre M., Leila Harfuch, Luciane C. Bachion, and Marcelo R. Moreira. "Biofuels and land-use changes: searching for the top model." Interface Focus 1, no. 2 (February 9, 2011): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0043.
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The use of agricultural-based biofuels has expanded. Discussions on how to assess green house gas (GHG) emissions from biofuel policies, specifically on (non-observed) land-use change (LUC) effects involve two main topics: (i) the limitations on the existing methodologies, and (ii) how to isolate the effects of biofuels. This paper discusses the main methodologies currently used by policy-makers to take decisions on how to quantify LUCs owing to biofuel production expansion. It is our opinion that the concerns regarding GHG emissions associated with LUCs should focus on the agricultural sector as a whole rather than concentrating on biofuel production. Actually, there are several limitations of economic models and deterministic methodologies for simulating and explaining LUCs resulting from the expansion of the agricultural sector. However, it is equally true that there are avenues of possibilities to improve models and make them more accurate and precise in order to be used for policy-making. Models available need several improvements to reach perfection. Any top model requires a concentration of interdisciplinary designers in order to replicate empirical evidence and capture correctly the agricultural sector dynamics for different countries and regions. Forgetting those limitations means that models will be used for the wrong purposes.
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Takács-György, Katalin, Anett Lászlók, and István Takács. "Examination of first generation biofuel production in some selected biofuel producing countries in Europe: A case study." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 10 (October 29, 2020): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/237/2020-agricecon.
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The EU is committed to increasing the use of renewable energy sources. In the sector of transportation, the share of renewable energy is to reach 10% by 2020 and 14% by 2030, respectively, in the EU. According to the latest forecasts, the production of the first-generation biofuels made from food raw materials is showing a declining tendency in the main European producing countries. Therefore, the objective of our research is to forecast the production of some selected biofuel producing countries within the EU as well as the traditional biofuel production in Hungary. The question of land use changes due to the new regulations is crucial. Our examinations were carried out by using Verhulst’s logistic function based on the biofuel production data of EUROSTAT. The function has already reached the saturation level in Germany, France and Sweden but in the case of other examined countries, biofuel production is also in the phase of slowing growth. Furthermore, findings are also justified by the 2015 regulation that restricts the share of producing first-generation biofuels in the final energy consumption to 7% and promotes the production of advanced biofuels, thereby decreasing the indirect change in land use and increasing sustainable crop production.
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Portner, Brigitte. "Frames in the Ethiopian Debate on Biofuels." Africa Spectrum 48, no. 3 (December 2013): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800302.
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Biofuel production, while highly contested, is supported by a number of policies worldwide. Ethiopia was among the first sub-Saharan countries to devise a biofuel policy strategy to guide the associated demand toward sustainable development. In this paper, I discuss Ethiopia's biofuel policy from an interpretative research position using a frames approach and argue that useful insights can be obtained by paying more attention to national contexts and values represented in the debates on whether biofuel production can or will contribute to sustainable development. To this end, I was able to distinguish three major frames used in the Ethiopian debate on biofuels: an environmental rehabilitation frame, a green revolution frame and a legitimacy frame. The article concludes that actors advocating for frames related to social and human issues have difficulties entering the debate and forming alliances, and that those voices need to be included in order for Ethiopia to develop a sustainable biofuel sector.
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Shin, Jung-Yull, Gun-Woo Kim, Janet Zepernick, and Kyu-Young Kang. "A Comparative Study on the RFS Program of Korea with the US and UK." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124618.
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In 2016, the global environmental impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was 49.3 gigatons CO2 equivalent. Worldwide, the transportation sector is responsible for 14% of GHG. Electric vehicles (EV) powered by less-polluting energy sources are one way to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector, but immediate transportation demands cannot be met by existing EV technology. Use of less polluting biofuel in place of petroleum-based gasoline or diesel fuel to power the existing transportation fleet is a widely accepted transitional solution, including in the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this research is to investigate approaches to biofuels in the US and the UK in order to evaluate Korea’s current energy policies related to use of biofuels and to make recommendations for strengthening Korea’s energy policy. This article addresses only policies for use of biodiesel rather than ethanol (widely used in the US) because ethanol is not used in Korea. This research shows that Korea calculates GHG using the principle that biofuel is carbon neutral, but energy policies in the US and the UK treat biofuel as not entirely carbon neutral. Korea should examine how to calculate GHG from biodiesel according to the standard set by the UK in order to work toward a more environmentally sustainable energy policy.
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Borychowski, Michał. "SEASONALITY ELEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF LIQUID BIOFUELS IN POLAND AND GERMANY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5145.
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The aim of the paper is to identify elements of seasonality in supply and demand in the liquid biofuels sector in Poland and Germany. An additional purpose is to present forecasts for selected aggregates until 2020. Two research questions have been formulated for their implementation: (1) is biofuel production in Poland higher in spring or summer (due to the seasonality of agricultural raw material production) than e.g. in winter?; (2) Is the consumption of biofuels seasonal in both countries? The research applies quarterly data for the following aggregates from the biofuels sector: for Poland – production and sale of biofuels in the quarters of 2006-2018, for Germany – biofuel consumption in the quarters of 2007-2017, import and export of bioethanol in the quarters of 2007-2015, import and export of esters in the quarters of 2007-2017. The work focuses on identifying seasonal fluctuations in order to identify purified seasonality indicators, so that it is possible to present forecasts for the biofuels sector. The research conducted in the article leads to the conclusions that, in the liquid biofuels sector, in Poland and Germany, there are elements of seasonality, especially in the field of sales / consumption of biofuels, which in turn is the effect of the changing demand for traditional fuels in which liquid biocomponents are admixed or (less often) used separately as fuel. Differences in the values of variables in Poland and Germany in quarters, in the analysed periods, can be significant – they usually reach several dozen (up to even over 100%), although in nominal terms these differences are usually several or several percentage points. The consumption of biofuels in both countries was higher in the second and third quarters, i.e. in the spring-summer period than others.
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Soam, Shveta, and Pål Börjesson. "Considerations on Potentials, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Performance of Biofuels Based on Forest Residues for Heavy-Duty Road Transport in Sweden." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246701.
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This case study investigates the potentials, greenhouse gas (GHG), and energy performance of forest residue biofuels produced by new and emerging production technologies, which are commercially implemented in Sweden for heavy transport. The biofuel options included are ethanol (ED 95), hydro-processed vegetable oil (HVO), and liquefied biogas (LBG) produced from logging residues in forestry and sawdust generated in sawmills. The calculated life cycle GHG emissions, based on the EU Renewable Energy Directive calculation methodology, for all three pathways are in the range of 6–11 g CO2eq./MJ, corresponding to 88–94% GHG emission reductions as compared to fossil fuel. Critical parameters are the enzyme configuration for ethanol, hydrogen supply systems and bio-oil technology for HVO, and gasifier size for LBG. The energy input is ranging from 0.16 to 0.43 MJ/MJ biofuel and the total conversion efficiency from the feedstock to biofuel, including high-value by-products (excluding heat), varies between 61 and 65%. The study concludes that the domestic biofuel potential from estimated accessible logging residues and sawdust is equivalent to 50–100% of the current use of fossil diesel in heavy-duty road transport in Sweden, depending on the biofuel production technology selected and excluding energy by-products. Thus, an expansion of forest-based biofuels is a promising strategy to meet the ambitious climate goals in the transport sector in Sweden.
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Zailani, Suhaiza, Mohammad Iranmanesh, Sunghyup Sean Hyun, and Mohd Ali. "Applying the Theory of Consumption Values to Explain Drivers’ Willingness to Pay for Biofuels." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030668.
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The transportation sector has dominated global fuel consumption and as a result, greenhouse gas emissions have risen at an alarming rate. As a consequence, many countries have adopted policies and strategies to diversify their fuel sources in the transportation sector. Biofuel is one of the potential substitution fuels that has attracted the attention of both researchers and policy makers. Public acceptance of biofuels is one of the major challenges for the implementation of biofuel blends in transportation. To determine the influence of different values that affect drivers’ willingness to pay for biofuels, the theory of consumption values is applied in the present research. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires to 343 Malaysian people with driving licences and access to cars. The data were analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results of the analysis revealed that functional values, specific condition, emotional values and novelty seeking were among the main factors that influence drivers’ willingness to pay for biofuels. Social values were shown to not be a significant factor. The results of the study contribute to the literature by testing the relationship between consumption values and willingness to pay for biofuels. The information provided in the present research might be beneficial for policy makers in modifying tactics and strategies towards the successful promotion of the usage of biofuels in developing countries.
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Hossain, A. K. M. Nurul, and Apostolos Serletis. "Biofuel substitution in the U.S. transportation sector." Journal of Economic Asymmetries 22 (November 2020): e00161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2020.e00161.
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Achinas, Spyridon, Johan Horjus, Vasileios Achinas, and Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink. "A PESTLE Analysis of Biofuels Energy Industry in Europe." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215981.
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Biofuels production is expected to be an intrinsic confluence to the renewable energy sector in the coming years under the European regulations for renewable energy. Key standpoints of the biofuels promotions are the reduction of national carbon emissions and rural deployment. Despite jubilant outlook of biofuels for sustainable development, research efforts still tend to link the biofuel industry and regional growth. The aim of this study is to explore and review the biofuels industry through a socio-political, techno-economic, legal and environmental (PESTLE) analysis approach, and discuss the interrelation between technological facets and sustainable deployment.
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Stattman, Sarah, Aarti Gupta, Lena Partzsch, and Peter Oosterveer. "Toward Sustainable Biofuels in the European Union? Lessons from a Decade of Hybrid Biofuel Governance." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114111.
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The European Union (EU) stands at a crossroads regarding its biofuel policies. For more than a decade, the EU sought to create a market for and govern sustainable biofuels for the transport sector, even as debates over sustainability escalated. It did so by devising novel hybrid (public and private) governance arrangements. We took stock of the nature and outcomes of this experiment in hybrid biofuel governance. We relied on qualitative methods of analysis, whereby we reviewed and synthesized the evolution of EU biofuel governance arrangements over time, through detailed document analysis of secondary and primary literature, including EU and related policy documents and private certification scheme websites. Our analysis reveals that, instead of yielding an increasingly stringent sustainability framework, the hybrid EU governance arrangements resulted in a proliferation of relatively lax, industry-driven, sustainability standards, even as the notion of “sustainable biofuels” remained contested in public and political debate. These findings contribute to an ongoing debate about the merits of hybrid (public–private) governance arrangements, and whether a hybrid approach helps strengthen or weaken sustainability objectives. We conclude that a more stringent EU meta-standard on sustainability needs to be developed, to underpin future governance arrangements.
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Farias, Pedro Igor Veillard, Estevão Freire, Armando Lucas Cherem da Cunha, Raul José dos Santos Grumbach, and Adelaide Maria de Souza Antunes. "The Fertilizer Industry in Brazil and the Assurance of Inputs for Biofuels Production: Prospective Scenarios after COVID-19." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 8889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218889.
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Fertilizers are essential inputs for the agribusiness chain—they increase the productivity on available arable land and help to avoid changes in land use. Currently, Brazil is one of the largest consumers of fertilizers in the world but its imports of NPK fertilizers, as a percentage of its total consumption, have risen from 32% in 1988 to 77% in 2018. Biofuels are relevant in the transport sector and the Brazilian government, after the Paris Agreement, created the National Biofuels Policy (Renovabio), which has as one of its goals to raise the participation of biofuels in the transport sector to 28.6% by 2028. Soy, corn, and sugarcane (biofuels raw material) currently account for more than 70% of the consumption of NPK fertilizers in the country. Due to several reasons, in the last 10 years many local projects designed to fill the supply gap for fertilizers in Brazil have not been successful. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the reliability of fertilizer supply in global value chains. In this context, is Brazil’s long-term biofuel market at risk after COVID-19? A total of 38 experts were consulted and four reference scenarios were developed. The article concluded that the Brazilian fertilizer industry must be prepared for a scenario of limited increase in demand on a global scale—strategic alliances may be forged to maintain existing installed capacity. Should the Brazilian government fail to provide any stimulus for the country’s fertilizer industry, it is likely that by 2035, Brazil’s biofuel industry sector would be overexposed to price volatility and availability on the global fertilizer market.
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Glensor, Kain, and María Rosa Muñoz B. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Brazilian Transport Biofuel and Electrification Pathways." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 6332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226332.
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Biofuels and electrification are potential ways to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector, although not without limitations or associated problems. This paper describes a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the Brazilian urban passenger transport system. The LCA considers various scenarios of a wholesale conversion of car and urban bus fleets to 100% electric or biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) use by 2050 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The LCA includes the following phases of vehicles and their life: fuel use and manufacturing (including electricity generation and land-use emissions), vehicle and battery manufacturing and end of life. The results are presented in terms of CO2, nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, electricity consumption and the land required to grow the requisite biofuel feedstocks. Biofuels result in similar or higher CO2 and air pollutant emissions than BAU, while electrification resulted in significantly lower emissions of all types. Possible limitations found include the amount of electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the electrification scenarios.
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Hongzhou, Zhang. "Development of Biofuels in China: Progress, Government Policies and Future Prospects." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i1.4811.
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China is the largest energy consumer in the world, but has limited energy resources. Energy security is thus a primary concern for China. Over reliance on the consumption of fossil energy has resulted in severe environmental pollution, which puts pressure on the government to adjust its energy mix. To strengthen its energy supply and prevent further environmental degradation, China has been committed to developing renewable energies, such as biofuels.
This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of biofuels, rural household biogas, and bioethanol, in particular. It also examines related government policies and the future prospects of the biofuel sector. The analysis shows that remarkable achievements have been made in the development of biogas in rural areas and in bioethanol at the industrial level. This progress is largely credited to government's strong support for the biofuel sectors. Nonetheless, although ongoing energy insecurity and environmental pollution continues to motivate the central government to support the development of biofuels, widening domestic food supply and demand gap, changes in rural life and agricultural industrialization constrain the further expansion of rural household biogas and cereal-based bioethanol. This article suggests that while China urgently needs to find alternative feedstock for the existing rural household biogas digesters and bioethanol plants, centralized biogas and non-cereal-based bioethanol projects should be prioritized for future development.
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Varakin, A. N., L. A. Gulyaeva, D. I. Ishutenko, A. L. Kulinich, P. A. Nikulshin, A. A. Pimerzin, and R. G. Vasilov. "Development of Technologies and Prospects for the Introduction of Aviation Biofuels." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 5 (2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-5-13-30.
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An overview of the current state of production technologies of biojet fuels in the world and in Russia is presented. The contribution of the aviation sector to climate change processes and the likelihood of achieving global environmental goals in the event of large-scale production of alternative aviation fuels are assessed. The level of commercialization, constraining factors and possible measures to support synthetic kerosene production technologies are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the current international certification procedure for aviation biofuels. aviation biofuel, biojet fuels, synthetic kerosene, global warming, climate change, greenhouse gases emission, sustainable biofuel, ASTM certification, biomass conversion, photosynthetic microorganisms, microalgae. The review was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project no. 14.574.21.0139 (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI57417X0139).
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Cerruti, Elena, Francesca Di Gruttola, Giancarlo Lauro, Teresa Dina Valentini, Paolo Fiaschi, Roberto Sorrenti, and Domenico Borello. "Assessment of Feedstocks and Technologies for Advanced Biofuel Production." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019705002.
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The present contribution deals with a comprehensive analysis of the available feedstocks and the appropriate technologies to produce advanced biofuels. The analysis is focused on the EU countries, since they adopted policy measures able to promote advanced biofuels as a strategic solution for a competitive and sustainable transport sector. In this regard, four classes of feedstocks have been taken into account: wastes, vegetable oils, agricultural and forestry residues. Their availability is studied with the aim to respect the European targets in terms of emissions without neglecting possible negative impacts on environment and biodiversity. A metric for the classification of the different solutions is proposed on the basis of feedstocks availability, technology readiness levels (TRL), quality of the produced biofuel as well as feedstock and production costs. It is possible to conclude that, even if the several interesting alternatives currently available have a high ranking in the proposed metric and must be taken in consideration, green diesel is today the most convenient solution for producing advanced biofuel without risks of technological failures and feedstocks shortage. This analysis can provide insights to encourage the development of advanced biofuels in EU, especially for some of the Member States as Germany, France and Italy.
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Zhu, Lian Dong, Marja Naaranoja, and Erkki Hiltunen. "Environmental Sustainability of Microalgae Production as a Biofuel Source." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.433.
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The issues of energy shortage, global warming and climate change have led to an increased interest in new energy sector, such as microalgae-based biofuels. There are many advantages to produce microalgae as a biofuel feedstock, for instance, high photosynthesis efficiency and uncompetition with traditional agriculture on farmlands. Benefiting from current culturing technologies, such as open ponds and photobioreactors, commercial microalgae farming (e.g., Earthrise) is booming. In this regard, identifying the main environmental benefits associated with microalgae production is pretty important to support this promising industry. Although there are many researches on microalgae production, published information available on the sustainably environmental benefits is fragmented. The aims of this paper are to investigate and analyze environmental benefits related with microalgae biomass production for biofuel usage from sustainability perspective, systematically and explicitly, including water resource, land, nutrient, greenhouse gases and genetic modification dimensions.
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de Gorter, Harry, Dusan Drabik, and David R. Just. "The Perverse Effects of Biofuel Public-Sector Policies." Annual Review of Resource Economics 5, no. 1 (June 2013): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151933.
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Midttun, Atle, Knut Myrum Næss, and Proadpran Boonprasurd Piccini. "Biofuel Policy and Industrial Transition—A Nordic Perspective." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142740.
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The article explores the interplay between policy, technological innovation and market dynamics. It highlights the challenges of combining biofuel policies for ‘greening’ transport with reviving the Nordic forestry industry. We find that strong policy initiatives have triggered a transition to biofuel in the three Nordic countries but have so far given little stimulus to forest-industrial revival. Instead, biofuel has created dynamic change in the petroleum sector, where retailers and refineries have adopted cheap imported biofuel to diversify out of an exclusive reliance on petroleum, leaving forest-based biofuel unable to compete. However, this does not mean that the forestry industry has remained stagnant. We find that parts of the Nordic forestry industry have staged an impressive revival, though one based predominantly on high value products, such as hygiene products and labels, and not on biofuel. We conclude that, while public policy may influence commercial conditions, it does not—in a market economy—dictate the industrial strategy, which is hard to predict, especially when it moves beyond existing sector-boundaries. However, the recent adjustment in biofuel policy, in part a response to ecological critique, may represent a more promising opportunity for forest-industrial participation in the future.
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Petter, Ryan, and Wallace E. Tyner. "Technoeconomic and Policy Analysis for Corn Stover Biofuels." ISRN Economics 2014 (February 4, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/515898.
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Conventional fossil fuels dominate the marketplace, and their prices are a direct competitor for drop-in biofuels. This paper examines the impact of fuel selling price uncertainty on investment risk in a fast pyrolysis derived biofuel production facility. Production cost specifications are gathered from previous research. Monte Carlo analysis is employed with uncertainty in fuel selling price, biomass cost, bio-oil yield, and hydrogen price parameters. Experiments reveal that fuel price has a large impact on investment risk. A reverse auction would shift risk from the private sector to the public sector and is shown to be more effective at encouraging private investment than capital subsidies for the same expected public cost.
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Sipakov, Rostyslav. "Normative-methodical base of the use of biofuels in Ukraine." USEFUL online journal 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-1-1-2017-0002.
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In Ukraine there is a large number of documents aimed at the development of the biofuels sector. The article analyzes the regulatory and legal framework for the development of biofuel energy in Ukraine, outlines ways to increase it. It has been established that, according to many experts, the regulatory and legislative framework is currently imperfect; there are no corresponding programs or set of activities and finances. The main problem is that even existing laws, programs and decisions are systematically not implemented, first of all by the authorities.
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Zulauf, Carl, Olena Prutska, Eleonora Kirieieva, and Natalia Pryshliak. "Assessment of the potential for a biofuels industry in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.08.
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Ukraine is the only major agricultural country whose production of biofuels has declined since 2010. Nevertheless, it has set a target of 11.5 percent of primary energy supply from biomass, biofuels and waste by 2035. Agricultural land needed to produce biofuels feedstock is calculated for two scenarios based on its current 11.5 percent target and previous 5.0 percent target specified as a share of transport energy consumption. The export orientation of Ukraine’s crop sector and resulting foreign currency earnings pose trade-offs if crops are diverted from exports to biofuel feedstocks. Given these trade-offs, policy options for developing a biofuels industry while satisfying Ukraine’s export and domestic markets are to (1) bring land not currently cultivated into production and (2) increase yield. Both options are found to have substantial potential.
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Mukhopadhyay, Kakali, and Paul J. Thomassin. "Macroeconomic effects of the Ethanol Biofuel Sector in Canada." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 7 (July 2011): 2822–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.021.
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Procházka, Petr, Luboš Smutka, and Vladimír Hönig. "Using Biofuels for Highly Renewable Electricity Systems: A Case Study of the Jatropha curcas." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153028.
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Recent movements for the decarbonization of the electricity sector have become a priority for many countries around the world and will inevitably lead to the sharp decline of fossil-fuel-based energy. Energy from fossil fuels is to be replaced by renewable energy sources (RES), although the transition will neither be cheap nor smooth. One sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels and which will take a considerable share in the increasing supply of renewable energy resources is biofuels. There are various types of biofuels used in practice; however, biodiesels represent one of the most popular and widespread ones. This paper focuses as a case study on the byproducts of Jatropha curcas, a crop and a plant that is already used for biofuel production and which is subsequently employed in electricity generation in Jatropha curcas producing regions. This paper identifies the limitations and prospects of Jatropha curcas utilization. Also, Jatropha curcas is compared to other materials suitable for biomass generation. An economic analysis for a 2 MW biofuel powerplant was conducted incorporating various market-related risks. The study shows that at current prices, net profitability can be achieved using Jatropha curcas byproducts for producing electricity.
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van der Kroft, Douwe F. A., and Jeroen F. J. Pruyn. "A Study into the Availability, Costs and GHG Reduction in Drop-In Biofuels for Shipping under Different Regimes between 2020 and 2050." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179900.
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In this study, various scenarios were developed that correspond to estimations of future biomass availability and biofuel demand from the maritime industry. These marine biofuel demand scenarios were based on the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction targets of the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). A multi-objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed which is used to optimize the Well-to-Tank (WtT) phases of each studied scenario. This resulted in an overview of the most feasible use of feedstocks, deployment of new conversion technologies and trade flows between regions. Additionally, the results provided insight into the costs and emission reduction potential of marine biofuels. By analyzing the results from this study, improved insight into the potential of drop-in biofuels for reaching the proposed emission reduction targets for the maritime sector was developed. A trade-off between costs and emissions was found to result in potential GHG reductions between 68–95% compared to Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) for 800–2300 EUR/ton. More specifically, 80% GHG reduction compared to HFO can be achieved at fuel costs of between 900–1050 EUR/ton over the studied time period.
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Kuznetsova, Inna, Olha Balabash, Nataliia Semenyshena, Yuliya Karpenko, and Oksana Dudziak. "Management of the Biofuel Production Development on the Basis of Scenario Planning." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.3.25681.
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The aim of the article is to substantiate the methodological approaches of scenario planning in the management of biofuel production development. The following methods were used in order to achieve the goal: cross-factor analysis, scenario planning method, expert methods, and scenario tree. The study analyzed primary energy consumption by economic sector and the total supply of primary energy by source, resulting in a declining supply of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, gas, coal and growing supply of biomass and waste, which was a source of biofuel production. The grouping of biofuel properties from the point of view of its attractiveness as an alternative energy resource was carried out. Factors that can negatively affect the pace of development of biofuel production are systematized. Dominant factors that had a critical impact on the development of biofuels have been identified: fluctuations in prices for electricity production in the traditional way, change in the popularity of greenhouse gas emission reduction programs, fluctuations in the use of electric vehicles, fluctuations in prices for fossil fuels, change in funding for programs to reduce environmental pollution and climate change. Stages of scenario planning with the use of cross-factor analysis were offered. A scenario tree model was formed. A matrix of cross-influence was constructed using expert evaluation and a scale of relations. The procedure of cross-influence and determination of dominant factors influencing the development of the activity “biofuel production” was proposed, which was characterized by the use of cross-factor analysis, which allowed assessing the probability of scenarios, establishing the interaction between them, and further calculating the expected effect from the implementation of measures. Applied research results and scenario assessments of the development potential of this area of activity can be used by entrepreneurs in the context of development and further implementation of investment projects for biofuel production.
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Di Gruttola, Francesca, and Domenico Borello. "Analysis of the EU Secondary Biomass Availability and Conversion Processes to Produce Advanced Biofuels: Use of Existing Databases for Assessing a Metric Evaluation for the 2025 Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147882.
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Nowadays in Europe, the production of advanced biofuels represents a very important objective, given the strong interest in increasing sustainability throughout the transport sector. Production and availability of advanced biofuels are cited as a relevant issue in the most important international actions, such as the Sustainable Development Goals in UN Agenda 2030, EU RED II, and EU Mission Innovation 4, to cite a few of them. However, an important aspect to be considered is the prediction of feedstocks availability to produce advanced biofuel. The first aim of this paper is to assess the availability of European agricultural residues, forestry residues, and biogenic wastes in 2025. The data were collected through a deep review on open FAOSTAT and EUROSTAT databases and then elaborated by the authors. The analysis focuses on the fraction of feedstocks that can be used for advanced biofuels production, i.e., incorporating specific information on sustainable management practices, competitive uses, and environmental risks to preserve soil quality. An autoregressive model is developed to predict future availability, while also considering corrections due to the current pandemic. The results suggest that several European countries could produce enough sustainable advanced feedstocks to meet the European binding target. In particular, France, Germany, and Romania will have high production of agricultural feedstocks; while Austria, Finland, and Sweden will be rich of forestry residues; finally, Italy, France, and United Kingdom will have the highest availability of wastes. To complete the picture, a proper metric is introduced, aiming at generating a technology ranking of the examined alternative fuels, in terms of several relevant parameters such as biomass availability, Technology Readiness Level (TRL), quality of the biofuel, and costs. This analysis allows us to compare advanced biofuels and first-generation biofuels, whose utilization can impact the food market, while also contributing to the increase in the indirect land use change (ILUC). Although the first-generation biofuels remain the most common choice, the renewable (or green) diesel, pyrolysis bio-oil, green jet fuel, and the second-generation bioethanol are promising for different applications in the transport sector. Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Anaerobic Digestion (AD), and transesterification from vegetable oil represent the most widespread and mature technologies. Thus, it seems mandatory that the transport sector will rely more and more on such fuels in the future. For such reason, a specific support for advanced biomass collection, as well as specific programs for conversion technologies development, are strongly suggested.
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Ferreira, André V. F., Felipe F. Silva, Ana Amélia M. Silva, Lucas S. Azevedo, Sara T. D. da Fonseca, Nathalia H. Camilo, Keiza P. E. dos Santos, et al. "Recent Patents on the Industrial Application of Alpha-amylases." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 14, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872208314666200722160452.
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Background: Alpha-amylases are enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen. Found in various organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, these enzymes have great biotechnological potential due to their insertion in several industrial sectors ranging from food to biofuels. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze patents deposited in intellectual property databases on alpha-amylases in the fields of food, beverages, detergents, animal feeds, biofuels, pharmaceuticals and textiles, with the search period being 5 years. Methods: This study targeted the use of alpha-amylases in various industrial sectors, so searches were carried out on the intellectual property database Espacenet website (European Patent Office - EPO) which contains more than 90 million patents deposited in its database. Results: During the search for patents filed in the last 5 years, 186 were found related to the use of alpha-amylases. These were disturbed as follows: 84 (biofuel), 41 (drinks), 16 (pharmaceuticals), 15 (detergents), 11 (food), 10 (animal feed), 9 (textiles). From the total number of patents found, we selected 6 from each area, except pharmaceutical products, to discuss and provide information on the application of this enzyme. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the sectors of beverages and animal feed have preferences for thermostable alpha-amylases while sectors such as food, biofuels and textiles only regarded the importance of enzymatic efficiency. The detergent sector presented the greatest use of alpha-amylases which had distinct biochemical characteristics as solvent resistance and thermostability. The pharmaceutical sector was the one that presented less patents related to the application of alpha amylases. In addition, this work showed that China is the country with the highest patent registration for the use of alpha-amylases in the analyzed period.
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Khanna, Madhu, Christine L. Crago, and Mairi Black. "Can biofuels be a solution to climate change? The implications of land use change-related emissions for policy." Interface Focus 1, no. 2 (February 2, 2011): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0016.
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Biofuels have gained increasing attention as an alternative to fossil fuels for several reasons, one of which is their potential to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Recent studies have questioned the validity of claims about the potential of biofuels to reduce GHG emissions relative to the liquid fossil fuels they are replacing when emissions owing to direct (DLUC) and indirect land use changes (ILUC) that accompany biofuels are included in the life cycle GHG intensity of biofuels. Studies estimate that the GHG emissions released from ILUC could more than offset the direct GHG savings by producing biofuels and replacing liquid fossil fuels and create a ‘carbon debt’ with a long payback period. The estimates of this payback period, however, vary widely across biofuels from different feedstocks and even for a single biofuel across different modelling assumptions. In the case of corn ethanol, this payback period is found to range from 15 to 200 years. We discuss the challenges in estimating the ILUC effect of a biofuel and differences across biofuels, and its sensitivity to the assumptions and policy scenarios considered by different economic models. We also discuss the implications of ILUC for designing policies that promote biofuels and seek to reduce GHG emissions. In a first-best setting, a global carbon tax is needed to set both DLUC and ILUC emissions to their optimal levels. However, it is unclear whether unilateral GHG mitigation policies, even if they penalize the ILUC-related emissions, would increase social welfare and lead to optimal emission levels. In the absence of a global carbon tax, incentivizing sustainable land use practices through certification standards, government regulations and market-based pressures may be a viable option for reducing ILUC.
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Noorollahi, Younes, Hamed Janalizadeh, Hossein Yousefi, and Mohammad Hossein Jahangir. "Biofuel for energy self-sufficiency in agricultural sector of Iran." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 44 (April 2021): 101069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101069.
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Lazarevic, David, and Michael Martin. "Life cycle assessment calculative practices in the Swedish biofuel sector: Governing biofuel sustainability by standards and numbers." Business Strategy and the Environment 27, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2214.
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Radchenko, S. V. "ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF FUEL BY HOUSEHOLDS AND NON-INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.4.2018.11.
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Purpose of the paper is to analyze the available statistical data on fuel consumption by population in every region of Ukraine. To identify similarities and differences in development trends the comparison of structure of final energy consumption in Ukraine and the world was done. The degree of distribution of individual heating systems in urban settlements and rural areas in 2015 is determined. Analysis of the use of the main types of fuel by households sector in regions of Ukraine is performed. The amount of fuel consumed by the population does not linearly depend on the share of individual heating systems in the region (this was shown by an example), therefore to develop strategy for extending the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the households more factors will need to be considered. Ukrainian and world energy balance data for 2015 (item “Other” which includes residential sector, commerce and public services, agriculture, fishing, other consumers) on the consumption of four main types of fuel (coal and peat, oil products, natural gas, biofuels and waste) were compared. It was concluded that in Ukraine the proportion of basic fuels consumption corresponds to world trends. However, after analyzing the distribution of total final energy consumption certain differences were observed. Analysis of renewable energy sources use by sectors has demonstrated that the residential sector is the leader in renewable energy sources consumption both in the world and in Ukraine. In Ukraine statistical data on biofuel consumption is mainly based on information about firewood and wood biomass consumption. This explains the higher percentage of biofuel consumption in forested areas. It should also be noted that in Ukraine 32% of the wood used by population was sold to households by enterprises and 68% was obtained from self-preparation. Over the past decade consumption of biomass fuel for household needs in Ukraine has doubled, and it is increasingly replacing coal fuel, thus exerting a positive impact on the environment.
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Veipa, Agate, Vladimirs Kirsanovs, and Aiga Barisa. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuel Production Plants Producing Biofuels Using Fisher Tropsch Synthesis." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0080.
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AbstractTo address rising climate change problems, one significant task is reducing pollution in the transport sector by substituting fossil with biomass-based fuels. One of the potential production methods is by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Both gasoline and diesel types of fuel can be produced. For FT fuels a carbon containing feedstock is needed as an end product, it can be processed in multiple ways using various systems, however the main parts of production are biomass preparation and gasification, where afterwards clean-up of the synthetic gas is required. A liquid form from the syngas is achieved via FT synthesis, after which hydroprocessing is needed for separating naphtha, diesel, and lighter-molecularweight hydrocarbons or other components. For comparison of biofuel plants, the biomass of choice, production processes and end products were analysed, as well as economic feasibility of technologies, to determine whether the costs and investments required are reasonable for the possible outcome.
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Sinha, Chandra Shekhar, and Veena Joshi. "Biofuel Demand Estimation in the Rural Domestic Energy Sector of India." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 11, no. 2 (April 1993): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879301100204.
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The major efforts and their limitations to formulate rural domestic energy requirements in India are discussed. Results of some of the recent efforts for quantifying biofuel consumption in rural areas are presented thereafter. Emphasis in this paper is on the recent efforts to collate and analyze results of energy consumption survey of 638 villages covering over 39,000 households. These are used to estimate biofuel use for different agro-climatic regions in India by estimating consumption at the district level in the rural domestic sector. The results are aggregated at the state level and they are compared with other estimates for India. The range of consumption aggregated at the national level is found to vary widely (93–252 million tonnes/y of firewood, 54–107 million tonnes/y of animal waste and 36–99 million tonnes/y of agricultural residues). Reasons for the wide disparity in the results is briefly discussed.
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Sinha, Chandra Sekhar, and Veena Joshi. "Biofuel Demand Estimation in The Rural Domestic Energy Sector of India." Energy & Environment 5, no. 1 (March 1994): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500106.
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The major efforts and their limitations to formulate rural domestic energy requirements in India are discussed. Results of some of the recent efforts for quantifying biofuel consumption in rural areas are presented thereafter. Emphasis in this paper is on the recent efforts to collate and analyze results of energy consumption survey of 638 villages covering over 39,000 households. These are used to estimate biofuel use for different agro-climatic regions in India by estimating consumption at the district level in the rural domestic sector. The results are aggregated at the state level and they are compared with other estimates for India. The range of consumption aggregated at the national level is found to vary widely (93-252 million tonnes/yr of firewood, 54-107 million tonnes/yr of animal waste and 36-99 million tonnes/yr of agricultural residues). Reasons for the wide disparity in the results is briefly discussed.
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Esposti, Roberto. "I biocarburanti tra mercati internazionali, politiche e Wto." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2009): 57–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-004003.
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- Much has been written on the alleged negative impact of rapidly growing biofuel production on agricultural markets and prices. Within a longer-term perspective one critical aspect in this respect is the limited development of biofuel international trade observed thus far. Due mainly to the combination of strong support for domestic production and trade barriers in most of the key-countries, this limited openness in trade not only reduces the growth potentials of the biofuel sector but may also aggravate its negative fallout on the agricultural markets. In this article we analyse the international biofuel trade starting from its implications for the associated markets (of agricultural and energy products) and focusing on the role of current promotion policies, the possible policy alternatives and the contribution that the Wto can make (as well as the problems it may come up against) to improve international biofuel trade. EconLit Classification: Q110, O130, Q420
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Šķēle, Arnolds, Vilis Dubrovskis, Andris Upītis, Andis Kārkliņš, Miervaldis Kristapsons, and Imants Ziemelis. "BIOFUEL FOR NATURE PROTECTION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1957.
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Energy sector has been one o f the most important priorities since reestablishment o f the independence o f Latvia. The deficiency o f energy resources in Latvia has created a need to assess all the possibilities to utilize all the local enrgy resources, including the biological ones, to motivate the trends in the development of energetics in Latvia. Therefore data have been collected, calculations made and possibilities analysed to replace the imported energy resources. From the renewable energy in Latvia there are used the wind, solar, hydraulic and bioenergy. A biofuel programme has been worked out in Latvia. It is envisaged to develop the production of ethanol and rape oil for vehicle engines. For this purpose an arable area of 288 thousand ha is needed. A huge non-utilised reserve in Latvia is methane fermentation of organic agricultural and municipal residue and sewage from food industry. It is calculated that about 170 million m3 biogas can be obtained in Latvia. Implementation of the fuel programme will stimulate Latvia’s economy.
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Kupczyk, Adam, Joanna Mączyńska, Grzegorz Redlarski, Karol Tucki, Anna Bączyk, and Dominik Rutkowski. "Selected Aspects of Biofuels Market and the Electromobility Development in Poland: Current Trends and Forecasting Changes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020254.
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This work presents basic information associated with markets of selected alternative fuels used in transport, such as methyl esters, conventional bioethanol and lignocellulosic bioethanol, and the market of electrical vehicles. Legal conditions, which stimulate development and regulate the mode of functioning of the liquid biofuel market until 2020 are discussed, based on provisions of EU directives. Data on biofuel production in Poland are presented, as well as biofuel consumption in the EU, the USA and Brazil in 2017. The most important conclusions of the proposal for a directive on the promotion of renewable energy sources in transport in EU member states in years 2021–2030 are discussed. The authors have also indicated the key legal and territorial conditions associated with the development of electromobility and present basic information on electric vehicles in Poland and Europe. The results of the research on the attractiveness of these sectors in 2018 are presented and compared with the results obtained in years 2007–2017. A score-based sector attractiveness method was used in the research.
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Geletukha, G. G., T. A. Zheliezna, A. I. Bashtovyi, and G. I. Geletukha. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.2.2018.06.
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The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The most important barriers to the development of the sector are analyzed, ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested.
The current state of the development of bioenergy in Ukraine is presented. It is shown that according to Ukraine’s energy balance for 2010-2016, the average annual growth of bioenergy is 45 % by the «production of biofuel and wastes» and 35 % by the «total primary energy supply from biofuels and wastes». Despite quite good dynamics of the development, to reach key figures of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 it is necessary to speed up bioenergy growth. Prospects for the production of heat from biomass by sectors of consumption until 2050 are estimated. The obtained results show that the share of renewables in the total heat production may be over 57 % in 2050. At that the consumption of renewable energy sources will be about 13.8 Mtoe/yr (of which biomass accounts for over 90 %), and the respective replacement of natural gas will come to about 17 billion m3/yr. The most important barriers to the development of bioenergy sector are analyzed, and ways for their complete or partial overcoming are suggested. Ukraine has quite good legal basis for the development of renewable energy. In particular, it includes the feed-in tariff for power produced from alternative energy sources and stimulating tariff for heat produced from alternative energy sources for households and public buildings. For the wider involvement of biomass in the fuel and energy balance of Ukraine it is necessary to provide legal basis and implementation of a number of important measures.Among others, they include creating preconditions for increasing harvesting of wood in Ukraine’s forests, introduction of the electronic biofuel trade system, ensuring fair access of independentproducersofbiomassheattoheatnetworksandother.
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Cortez, Luís, Telma Teixeira Franco, Gustavo Valença, and Frank Rosillo-Calle. "Perspective Use of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) in Maritime Transport: The Case of Brazil." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 4779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164779.
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The maritime transportation sector (MTS) is undertaking a major global effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), e.g., sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and the concentration of particulates in suspension. Substantial investment is necessary to develop alternative sustainable fuels, engines, and fuel modifications. The alternative fuels considered in this study include liquified natural gas, nuclear energy, hydrogen, electricity, and biofuels. This paper focuses on biofuels, in particular fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), a serious partial alternative in MTS. There are some drawbacks, e.g., biofuels usually require land necessary to produce the feedstock and the chemical compatibility of the resulting biofuel with current engines in MTS. The demand for sustainable feedstock production for MTS can be overcome by using cellulose-based and agroforestry residues, which do not compete with food production and can be obtained in large quantities and at a reasonably low cost. The compatibility of biofuels with either bunker fuel or diesel cycle engines can also be solved by upgrading biofuels, adjusting the refining process, or modifying the engine itself. The paper examines the possibilities presented by biofuels, focusing on FPBO in Brazil, for MTS. The key issues investigated include FPBO, production, and end use of feedstocks and the most promising alternatives; thermal conversion technologies; potential applications of FPBO in Brazil; sustainability; biofuels properties; fuels under consideration in MTS, challenges, and opportunities in a rapidly changing maritime fuel sector. Although the focus is on Brazil, the findings of this paper can be replicated in many other parts of the world.
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Lu, Bi Lin, Liang Qi, and Ming Xi Li. "Effects of Temperature on the Growth and Product Accumulation of Chlorella sp." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.428.
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In recent years, the use of liquid biofuels in the transport sector has shown rapid global growth, driven mostly by policies focused on achievement of energy security, and mitigation of GHG emissions. Microalgae, as biomass, are a potential source of renewable energy, and they can be converted into energy such as biofuel oil and gas.In this paper, the microalgae strain of Chlorella sp. was supplied in BG11 medium, and Cultivation optimization were experimented. The results were showed that temperature was an important factor which could influence growth and accumulation of secondary metabolite in the cell from accumulation process of biological products, temperature which was suitable for the growth of chlorella was 25°C.
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Haus, Sylvia, Lovisa Björnsson, and Pål Börjesson. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051048.
Full textAbstract:
A greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction obligation system has been implemented in the Swedish road transport sector to promote the use of biofuels. For transportation fuel suppliers to fulfil this obligation, the volume of biofuel required decreases with decreasing life cycle GHG emission for the biofuel, linking lower GHG emission to higher economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate how the economic competitiveness of a Swedish emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production system would be influenced by the reduction obligation. The life cycle GHG emission for sawdust-based ethanol was calculated by applying the method advocated in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II). The saving in GHG emissions, compared with fossil liquid transportation fuels, was 93% for a potential commercial production system in southern Sweden. This, in turn, will increase the competitiveness of sawdust-based ethanol compared to the mainly crop-based ethanol currently used in the Swedish biofuel system, which has an average GHG emission saving of 68%, and will allow for an almost 40% higher price of sawdust-based ethanol, compared to the current price of ethanol at point of import. In a future developed, large-scale market of advanced ethanol, today’s GHG emission reduction obligation system in Sweden seems to afford sufficient economic advantage to make lignocellulosic ethanol economically viable. However, in a short-term perspective, emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production systems are burdened with economic risks and therefore need additional economic incentives to make a market introduction possible.