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Journal articles on the topic 'Biofuel'
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1
Chaudhary, Nikhil, Ankit Gupta, Sudheer Gupta, and Vineet K. Sharma. "BioFuelDB: a database and prediction server of enzymes involved in biofuels production." PeerJ 5 (August 28, 2017): e3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3497.
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Background In light of the rapid decrease in fossils fuel reserves and an increasing demand for energy, novel methods are required to explore alternative biofuel production processes to alleviate these pressures. A wide variety of molecules which can either be used as biofuels or as biofuel precursors are produced using microbial enzymes. However, the common challenges in the industrial implementation of enzyme catalysis for biofuel production are the unavailability of a comprehensive biofuel enzyme resource, low efficiency of known enzymes, and limited availability of enzymes which can function under extreme conditions in the industrial processes. Methods We have developed a comprehensive database of known enzymes with proven or potential applications in biofuel production through text mining of PubMed abstracts and other publicly available information. A total of 131 enzymes with a role in biofuel production were identified and classified into six enzyme classes and four broad application categories namely ‘Alcohol production’, ‘Biodiesel production’, ‘Fuel Cell’ and ‘Alternate biofuels’. A prediction tool ‘Benz’ was developed to identify and classify novel homologues of the known biofuel enzyme sequences from sequenced genomes and metagenomes. ‘Benz’ employs a hybrid approach incorporating HMMER 3.0 and RAPSearch2 programs to provide high accuracy and high speed for prediction. Results Using the Benz tool, 153,754 novel homologues of biofuel enzymes were identified from 23 diverse metagenomic sources. The comprehensive data of curated biofuel enzymes, their novel homologs identified from diverse metagenomes, and the hybrid prediction tool Benz are presented as a web server which can be used for the prediction of biofuel enzymes from genomic and metagenomic datasets. The database and the Benz tool is publicly available at http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/biofueldb& http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/biofueldb.
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Miraji, Mngereza, Xi Li, Jie Liu, and Chunmiao Zheng. "Evaluation of Water and Energy Nexus in Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2019): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113109.
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In African nations, national and regional development targets for water and energy sectors seldom consider the nexus between the two, risking imbalances and inefficiencies in resource allocation and utilization. A typical example is the development and expansion of biofuel in the Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania (WRB). Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the WRB to investigate the Water Energy Nexus (WEN), specifically, whether the development plan calling for biofuel expansion is a sound approach. Results show that WEN is much stronger in the biofuel irrigation consuming 69.3% and 61% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively. By 2035, the nexus continues to be stronger, consuming 54.5% and 49% of total biofuel’s water and energy requirement, respectively, and thus first generation biofuels use much more resources in the growing than the refining process. An additional 768.2 million meter cubic of water and 413.4 million kWh of energy are needed for planned biofuel expansion, reallocating water to biofuels in water-scarce regions inherit related problems to other sectors such as increasing water use for the industry, agriculture, and energy sector by 67%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, which could further exacerbate stresses on water and energy supplies in the basin. Biofuel generation rely heavily on energy imports, as it consumes substantially more energy than it produces. Policies should promote the coordinated development of sustainable biofuel programs that are less water intensive with very low inputs of fossil fuels.
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Caliskan, Hakan, Ibrahim Yildiz, and Kazutoshi Mori. "Production and Assessment of New Biofuels from Waste Cooking Oils as Sustainable Bioenergy Sources." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010463.
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In this study, renewable and sustainable biofuel production from waste cooking oil and its blends with diesel fuel are investigated in terms of specific fuel properties. The fuel blends are named “Renewable Biofuel (RBF) 20” (20% biofuel–80% diesel), “Renewable Biofuel 50” (50% biofuel–50% diesel), and “Renewable Biofuel 100” (100% biofuel). The acid number, flash point, viscosity, cloud point, density, and pour point fuel properties of the new Renewable Biofuels are experimentally obtained and compared with diesel fuel. The viscosities of the biofuels are found to be 2.774 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 20, 3.091 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 50, and 4.540 mm2/s for Renewable Biofuel 100. Renewable Biofuel 20 has the minimum density value among biofuels. The density of Renewable Biofuel 20, Renewable Biofuel 50, and Renewable Biofuel 100 are obtained as 835 kg/m3, 846 kg/m3, and 884 kg/m3, respectively. More energy can be released with the use of Renewable Biofuel 100 in terms of heating value. The new fuel specification of biofuels can contribute to the fuel industry and help the studies on fuels for diesel engines.
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Demirbas, Ayhan. "Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections." Energy Conversion and Management 49, no. 8 (August 2008): 2106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020.
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Zahra, Ramsha, and Frisba Khan. "A BRIEF REVIEW ON ALGAE BASED BIOFUEL." Journal of Knowledge Learning and Science Technology ISSN: 2959-6386 (online) 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jklst.v1i1.13.
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This Utilization of algae as a sustainable biofuel source is summarized in this critical assessment.Biohydrogen is a third-generation feedstock for the manufacture of biofuels(bioethanol, biodiesel,orbiogas)biofuel made from the gas cannot reach its maximum potential because of the higher Costs of farming,reaping, extraction other stages. Consequently, this evaluation grants Deriving biofuels starting from algaebiomass is explained in great detail systems such as raceway ponds and photobioreactors along with theirbottlenecks. Evolution of biofuel The first section of this manuscript addressed feedstock, from edibleoils to algae. Here are some insights into the various generation of biofuels. Ultimately, Algal cultivationpretreatments and future dimensions. These steps were explained in detail in order to makecarefully practical algal biofuel.
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Mohite, Sanjay. "Biofuel certification." Resources and Environmental Economics 5, no. 1 (April 14, 2023): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ree.2023.01.001.
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Scope of biofuel certification is reviewed. It has been found that a biofuel certification is needed in the biofuels industry to authenticate biodiesel and its blends for use in diesel engines.In the world, a standard energy audit method is required to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel blend as fuel and also harmonise the research of biodiesel as fuel. Leagal measures for biofuel certification is required. There are various obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification. Therefore, this paper addresses the legal measures, obstacles and challenges for biofuel certification.
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Prananta, Wiraditma, and Ida Kubiszewski. "Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102803.
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In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.
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KALETNIK, Hryhorii, Viktor PRYSHLIAK, and Natalia PRYSHLIAK. "Public Policy and Biofuels: Energy, Environment and Food Trilemma." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.3(35).01.
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Current policies in energy sector address issues including environmentally friendly technologies, clean and renewable energy supplies and encourage more efficient energy use. The biofuel policy aims to promote production and consumption of fuels made from biomass. Despite the presence of both positive and negative effects of biofuels the world production and consumption of biofuels have been increasing significantly. To a large extent, this is due to an active public policy in the field of stimulating the production and consumption of biofuels. The volume of biofuel production in the leading countries (USA, Brazil and the EU) has been analyzed. The influence of public policy in the sphere of biofuel production and consumption on energy, environment and food security of the state has been examined. Multivariable and paired correlation as well as regression analysis aimed to determine the price dependence of the main crops used as feedstock for biofuels production, the volume of their production or processing for biofuels and the volumes of biofuel production have been carried out. As a result of this analysis the impact of the public policies in biofuels on the еnergy, environment and food security has been identified.
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Yakimovich, Elena. "Growing Biofuel Production in the Context of Food Security." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika 26, no. 4 (March 6, 2025): 194–206. https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2024.4.15.
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The article explores the relationship between biofuel production and food security in the face of rising food prices and the energy crisis. The problem of competition between the production of biofuels and food security is due to the fact that for the production of bioethanol and biodiesel, mainly fodder and food crops are used. In addition, competition for agricultural resources between biomass or food uses means competition for land and water, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machinery, labor, and capital. The rise in biofuel production is causing food and fuel markets to become so closely linked that a sustained increase in demand for biofuels not only has a marked impact on food crop prices but may cause shortages in some food types. A key role in the development of the biofuel industry is played by government policies that have been developed without considering how biofuel production will affect food security. The competition between food security and energy security goals, as well as the price competition between biofuels and traditional energy sources, has become a key issue on the political agenda of many countries. With rising food prices in 2021–2022, a number of countries are re-examining the impact of biofuel production from agricultural crops on energy and food security and making adjustments to biofuel policy.
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Kapustová, Zuzana, Jaroslav Kapusta, Andrea Boháčiková, and Peter Bielik. "Development Status in EU Biofuels Market." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0013.
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Abstract The paper provides development status in the EU biofuel market by giving a comprehensive picture of production, consumption and production capacity of the first generation biofuels – biodiesel and bioethanol, while giving also insights into issues related to biofuel feedstocks such as crop production and harvested area. Development of crop production and harvested area for the crop products, used as a feedstock in the production of biofuels, have shown the changes in agriculture due to the growing trend of the biofuel sector. Additionally, the increasing production and consumption of biofuels may also affect the prices of agricultural commodities used as a feedstock for bioenergy production.
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Valdemaras, Makutenas, Miceikiene Astrida, Svetlanska Tatiana, Turcekova Natalia, and Sauciunas Tadas. "The impact of biofuels production development in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 4 (April 12, 2018): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/285/2016-agricecon.
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The article analyses the effects of the development of biofuel production in the EU (European Union) countries. For this purpose, the authors develop and adapt methodology to determine biofuel production effects considering resource prices, the areas of distribution and employment in the EU. Twenty-seven EU member states are selected for empirical research. Over 98% of production is devoted to first-generation biofuels; therefore, second- and third-generation biofuels are not analysed. The empirical study is carried out by analysing the dynamics of quantitative indicators, and we assess changes in direction by setting the values of qualitative indicators. Quantitative and qualitative indicators are calculated using correlation analysis. The results suggest that the fastest growth of ethanol production in the EU took place in Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands. During the analysed period, Germany and France were the largest producers of ethanol and biodiesel. The regression analysis showed a very strong correlation between the number of jobs created and biofuel production. There is also a very strong correlation between the volume of production of biofuels and land used for biofuel feedstock production. The production of biofuel does not significantly affect food and feed crop prices.
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Sosovele, Hussein. "Policy Challenges Related to Biofuel Development in Tanzania." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 1 (April 2010): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500105.
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Biofuels have recently emerged as a major issue in energy policy, agricultural development and natural resource management. The growing demand for biofuels is being driven by high oil prices, energy security concerns and global climate change. In Tanzania there is growing interest on the part of foreign private investors in establishing biofuel projects, although globally there are concerns related to biofuel investments. Tanzania has approved a number of such projects, but the biofuel subsector faces several policy challenges that could clearly hamper its development. These include the lack of a holistic and comprehensive energy policy that addresses the broad spectrum of energy options and issues, and weak or absent institutional and legal frameworks. This article highlights some key policy issues critical to the development of biofuels and argues that if these challenges are not addressed at the national policy level, biofuel development may not result in the expected benefits to Tanzania and the majority of its local communities.
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López, Yolanda, Jeffery Seib, Kenneth Woodard, Karen Chamusco, Lynn Sollenberger, Maria Gallo, S. Luke Flory, and Christine Chase. "Genetic Diversity of Biofuel and Naturalized Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 2 (June 2014): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00085.1.
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AbstractBiofuel crops such as napiergrass possess traits characteristic of invasive plant species, raising concern that biofuels might escape cultivation and invade surrounding agricultural and natural areas. Napiergrass biofuel types are being developed to have reduced invasion risk, but these might be cultivated in areas where naturalized populations of this species are already present. The successful management of napiergrass biofuel plantations will therefore require techniques to monitor for escaped biofuels as distinguished from existing naturalized populations. Here we used 20 microsatellite DNA markers developed for pearl millet to genotype 16 entries of napiergrass, including naturalized populations and accessions selected for biofuel traits. Use of the markers showed a clear genetic separation between the biofuel types and naturalized entries and revealed naturalized populations undergoing genetic isolation by distance. These findings demonstrated the utility of microsatellite marker transfer in the development of an important tool for managing the invasion risk of a potential biofuel crop.
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Kenkel, Phil, and Rodney B. Holcomb. "Challenges to Producer Ownership of Ethanol and Biodiesel Production Facilities." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, no. 2 (August 2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022410.
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This study examines the rapidly expanding biofuels industry and identifies challenges for producer-owned biofuel projects. The U.S. ethanol industry has been growing rapidly, and biodiesel production is poised for similar growth. Producer involvement is driven by the desire to add value to farm commodities and the impact of biofuel projects on local grain prices. Local state and federal incentives have also stimulated producer interest. The long-run profitability of biofuel projects is driven by feedstock availability, access to market centers for biofuels, access to markets for coproducts, and utility costs and availability. The rapidly increasing size and scale of ethanol and biodiesel plants make it difficult for producers to fund these projects. Additionally, the development and adoption of new non-grain biofuel technologies may negate some comparative advantages of producers, such as feedstock cost and availability. The geographic expansion of biofuel projects into grain deficit regions will also create additional challenges.
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Kayaba, Haro, Compaore Abdoulaye, Koala Lucmane, Sawadogo,Ouedraogo B. Edwige, Hilary Khatya Pengd-Wende Ilboudo, Sinon Souleymane, and Oumar Sanogo. "Energy Recovery from Agri-Food Processing Waste Using a Thermal Process: Formulation and Characterization of Biofuels from Citrus sinensis and Manihot esculenta Peelings." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i24354.
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This work proposes an energy recovery from agri-food waste through its transformation into biofuel. The agri-food wastes concerned in this work are Manihot esculenta and Citrus sinensis peels and cassava wastewater, which served as a binder. The carbonization phase made it possible to obtain 34.68% dust for the Citrus sinensis peels and 29.06% for the cassava residues. These dusts made it possible to propose two biofuel formulas : L8M92, composed of 8% dry matter powder of the binder and 92% cassava peeling powder ; and L8O92, composed of 8% dry matter powder of the binder and 92% orange peel powder. The characterization of the formulated biofuels made it possible to note that biofuels based on orange peel contain 8.88% ash, a fixed carbon rate of 36.07%, and a Lower heating value (LHV) of 21.54 MJ/kg. Biofuels based on cassava peels contain 19.65% ash and 36.59% fixed carbon, with an LHV of 21.13 MJ/kg. The controlled combustion test (CCT) tests using the formulated biofuels showed that the CO and PM2.5 emission factors are, respectively, 22.38 g/kg and 1.38 g/kg for the biofuel from peelings. Orange, 22.05 g/kg, and 1.45 g/kg for biofuel from cassava peelings. From these results, it is concluded that biofuels formulated from cassava and orange are recoverable, and they have CO and PM2.5 emission factors close to those of charcoal. These biofuels have an interesting energy content with fairly modest CO and PM2.5 emission factors, close to those obtained from charcoal. Also, the characteristics of the formulated biofuels are in the same order of magnitude as those in the literature. These results indicate that cassava and orange waste can be used to contribute to the diversification of the energy supply through biofuel production. However, further work is needed to improve these results.
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Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030779.
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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).
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Furman, Iryna, and Dina Tokarchuk. "FOOD SECURITY AND ECONOMIC BASIS OF BIOFUELS MANUFACTURING." Economic Analysis, no. 28(1) (2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.01.092.
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Introduction. The factor that has potential for a significant increase in food prices is the increase in biofuel production from agricultural food raw materials. Today it is virtually impossible to determine the quantitative parameters of the influence of biofuels production on food prices. According to the International Monetary Fund, 15 to 30% increase in food prices is the result of growing crops for biofuel production. Both the opponents and supporters of biofuels from agricultural raw materials have subjective economic considerations. Methods. The following methods have become the methodological basis of research: dialectical method, abstract and logical method, graphical method, method of theoretical generalization method, method of analogy and system approach. Results. The article analyses the level of food security in Ukraine and examines the likely impact of biofuel production on food security in the country. It has been substantiated that first generation biofuel production in Ukraine does not pose a threat to food security, since there are land that can be used to grow energy crops. It has been studied the expediency of biofuel production from the surplus of food crops that is being exported. It has been motivated by the need to switch to the production of second-generation biofuels, which does not endanger food security.
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Muazu, M.,, Rabi'u, I., and Issa, S.B. "Biofuels for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Review." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2051.014.
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The unsustainable nature of fossil fuels (non-renewable) has led to the search for other alternative fuels such as biomass derived fuels. Biofuel technology is a promising endeavour towards a sustainable development in any nation, as Nigeria has a vast arable land that is good for agriculture and biomass production. Biofuels include bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol and biogas with each having different method of production and use. The rural women energy security project of the Federal Ministry of Environment has already empowered 10 rural women cooperatives, among the benefits of biofuel are: increase in national income, sustainability, mitigation of greenhouse gases, proper and effective waste recycling, employment, energy security among others. The biomass resources, research and knowledge needed for biofuel production is readily available and with the appropriate entrepreneurial and political will; Nigeria will be a key player in the biofuel business. This paper reviewed the potential of biofuels production and benefits as it relates to sustainable development in Nigeria. Lack of continuity of projects after a change of leadership in the government has hindered the rapid progress in many sectors including the biofuels. Government should ensure the full implementation and continuity of projects in biofuel and other green areas of development.
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Oves, Mohammad, Huda A. Qari, and Iqbal MI Ismail. "Biofuel formation from microalgae: A renewable energy source for eco-sustainability." Current World Environment 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 04–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.1.2.
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In the current scenario, biofuel production from microalgae is beneficial to sustainability. Recently, one of the most pressing concerns has been finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy sources to meet rising energy demands without jeopardizing environmental integrity. Microalgae provide a viable biomass feedstock for biofuel production as the global market for biofuels rises. Biodiesel made from biomass is usually regarded as one of the best natural substitutes to fossil fuels and a sustainable means of achieving energy security and economic and environmental sustainability. Cultivating genetically modified algae has been followed in recent decades of biofuel research and has led to the commercialization of algal biofuel. If it is integrated with a favorable government policy on algal biofuels and other byproducts, it will benefit society. Biofuel technology is a troublesome but complementary technology that will provide long-term solutions to environmental problems. Microalgae have high lipid content oil, fast growth rates, the ability to use marginal and infertile land, grow in wastewater and salty water streams and use solar light and CO2 gas as nutrients for high biomass development. Recent findings suggest nano additives or nanocatalysts like nano-particles, nano-sheet, nano-droplets, and nanotubes. Some specific structures used at various stages during microalgae cultivation and harvesting of the final products can enhance the biofuel efficiency and applicability without any negative impact on the environment. It offers a fantastic opportunity to produce large amounts of biofuels in an eco-friendly and long-term manner.
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Sailau, Zh A., N. Zh lmas, K. Toshtay, and A. A. Aldongarov. "QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING BIOFUEL FROM FREE FATTY ACIDS USING IONIC LIQUIDS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 79, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.80.
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Among alternative sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydrogen energy, biofuel occupies a special place because it has a few useful properties. Compared to the current price of gasoline,the price of biofuel is very low. During its use, biofuel releases less greenhouse gases into the environment and is less flammable. However, in order to support biofuel, it is necessary to purify its composition from unnecessary glycerol, methanol, and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids in biofuel are flammable and pollute car engines. Various ionic liquids have been developed for the purification of biofuel. One of them is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. The purpose of this work is to study the state of purification of free fatty acids in biofuel by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide at the molecular level using chemical quantum calculations. Methodology. HyperChem PM3 method was used for quantum chemical calculations of chemical structures, molecular electrostatic potentials, molecular orbitals, bond distances, and energies. Results. During the study of bond energy, bond length, and structure of free fatty acids in biofuel using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, it wasfound that there is a strong chemical bond between ionic liquid and free fatty acid. It is known that free fatty acids in biofuels chemically bond with hydrogen atoms close to nitrogen in ionic liquids. Conclusion. This research will contribute to the rational design of ionic liquids and will help advance research related to the purification of biofuels from free fatty acids.
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Aldarrai, Houreya, Dhabya Alsuwaidi, Beenish Khan, Haoyang Xu, and Elham Tolouei. "Numerical Investigation of Bio-Aviation Fuel: Dubai’s Future Perspective." Aerospace 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10040338.
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As part of the United Arab Emirates’ and the world’s aviation goal of reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, this paper studied the potential of successfully implementing both biofuel “drop-in” alternatives and aerodynamically efficient configurations to decarbonize the aviation industry. By investigating various proposed designs through a PUGH analysis, it was concluded that the optimum design has a Transonic Truss-Braced Wing configuration and runs on 60% biofuel. Although the design stipulates a 1.3% increase in weight, this does not negate the reduction in emissions and fuel consumption. This study also explored the various types of biofuels and found camelina seeds to be the best choice. The effects of biofuels in comparison with Jet-A fuel were further deliberated in a fuel combustion simulation performed on the Ansys-Fluent software. The results of the simulation showed a reduction of 50% in carbon monoxide (CO) and 24% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when burning camelina biofuel rather than Jet-A, making it an ideal alternative to those conventional jet fuels. A primary cost analysis of biofuel applications showed an increase of 453 USD (1653.18 AED) per passenger flying on board 100%-biofuel-powered aircrafts. Yet, considering the trend of the cost increase with the biofuel blend ratio, a solution may exist to the increased cost of biofuel-powered aircrafts.
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Zhu, Lian Dong, Erkki Hiltunen, and Josu Takala. "Microalgal Biofuels Beat the First and Second Generation Biofuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.760.
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Recently biofuels derived from biomass have received increased concerns in an attempt to search for sustainable development. The first and second generation biofuels are unsustainable since the growth of these food or non-food crops for biofuel generation will compete for limited arable farmlands, thus increasing the risks on food availability. Microalgal biofuels, known as the third generation biofuels, have the potential for sustainable production in an economically effective manner. The advantages of microalgae as a biofuel feedstock are many, for instance, high photosynthesis efficiency, high oil content and noncompetition with food crop production on farmlands. Microalgae can be employed for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, among others. The integrated biorefinery approach has huge potential to greatly improve the economics of biofuel production from microalgae. However, the production of microalgal biofuels is still at pre-commercial stages since it is expensive to produce substantial amount of biofuels at a large scale. Despite this, microalgae are still the most promising and best feedstock available for the biofuels. Biotechnology advances including genetic and metabolic engineering, well-funded R&D researches and policy support can make microalgal biofuels have a bright future.
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Naik, Aishwarya N., Mrinalini Singh, and Yasrib Qurishi. "Algal biofuel: A promising perspective." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.5.10.
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The depleting energy resources and rising environmental issues have led to significant research in the field of producing fuel using alternative means. Biofuel can serve as better means to cope up with the depleting fossil and petroleum fuels. The novel properties of algae have set them as the best among all other biomasses and as a better alternative to the energy crisis. Algal biofuels are grouped under “Third generation biofuels” which has gained significant attention recently. Combustion of fossil and petroleum fuel releases sulphur dioxide in the air causing air pollution and acid rain. Most of the research on algal biofuel is done using microalgae which have high oil content along with faster growth rate. The potential of algae for producing biofuel can be improved by obtaining more efficient methods and by overcoming its certain limitations. The present review highlights the advantages, various types and production of algal biofuel.
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Ogner Jåstad, Eirik, Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø, Per Kristian Rørstad, Atle Midttun, Judit Sandquist, and Erik Trømborg. "The Future Role of Forest-Based Biofuels: Industrial Impacts in the Nordic Countries." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082073.
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This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the transport sector, resulting in a demand for biofuels of approximately 2.5 billion L in 2035 and 1 billion L in 2050 in a 100% fossil-free base scenario. The simultaneous increase in demand from pulping industries and biofuel will cause an overall increase in wood use, of which the biofuels share will constitute approximately 20–25%. The utilization of harvest residues will increase more than 300% compared to the current level, since biofuel production will reallocate some of the current raw material used in district heating. Biofuel consumption in road transport will likely reduce after 2040 due to increasing electrification, but it is plausible that the declining domestic demand will be replaced by increasing demand from international biofuel markets in aviation and shipping. The main uncertainties in the scenarios are the future costs and profitability of forest-based biofuel technologies and the public acceptance of the close to 100 TWh of new renewable electricity production needed for the electrification of Nordic road transport.
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Rai, Ashutosh Kumar, Naief Hamoud Al Makishah, Zhiqiang Wen, Govind Gupta, Soumya Pandit, and Ram Prasad. "Recent Developments in Lignocellulosic Biofuels, a Renewable Source of Bioenergy." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040161.
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Biofuel consists of non-fossil fuel derived from the organic biomass of renewable resources, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and waste. Energy derived from biofuel is known as bioenergy. The reserve of fossil fuels is now limited and continuing to decrease, while at the same time demand for energy is increasing. In order to overcome this scarcity, it is vital for human beings to transfer their dependency on fossil fuels to alternative types of fuel, including biofuels, which are effective methods of fulfilling present and future demands. The current review therefore focusses on second-generation lignocellulosic biofuels obtained from non-edible plant biomass (i.e., cellulose, lignin, hemi-celluloses, non-food material) in a more sustainable manner. The conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock is an important step during biofuel production. It is, however, important to note that, as a result of various technical restrictions, biofuel production is not presently cost efficient, thus leading to the need for improvement in the methods employed. There remain a number of challenges for the process of biofuel production, including cost effectiveness and the limitations of various technologies employed. This leads to a vital need for ongoing and enhanced research and development, to ensure market level availability of lignocellulosic biofuel.
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CHEN, XIAOGUANG, HAIXIAO HUANG, and MADHU KHANNA. "LAND-USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS IMPLICATIONS OF BIOFUELS: ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY." Climate Change Economics 03, no. 03 (August 2012): 1250013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007812500133.
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This paper examines the changes in land use in the U.S. likely to be induced by biofuel and climate policies and the implications of these policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the 2007–2022 period. The policies considered here include a modified Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by itself as well as combined with a cellulosic biofuel tax credit or a carbon price policy. We use a dynamic, spatial, multi-market equilibrium model, Biofuel and Environmental Policy Analysis Model (BEPAM), to endogenously determine the effects of these policies on cropland allocation, food and fuel prices, and the mix of first- and second-generation biofuels. We find that the RFS could be met by diverting 6% of cropland for biofuel production and would result in corn prices increasing by 16% in 2002 relative to the business-as-usual baseline. The reduction in GHG emissions in the U.S. due to the RFS is about 2%; these domestic GHG savings can be severely eroded by emissions due to indirect land-use changes and the increase in gasoline consumption in the rest of the world. Supplementing the RFS with a carbon price policy or a cellulosic biofuel tax credit induces a switch away from corn ethanol to cellulosic biofuels and achieves the mandated level of biofuel production with a smaller adverse impact on crop prices. These supplementary policies enhance the GHG savings achieved by the RFS alone, although through different mechanisms; greater production of cellulosic biofuels with the tax credit but larger reduction in fossil fuel consumption with a carbon tax.
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Ragab, Mahmoud, Adil O. Khadidos, Abdulrhman M. Alshareef, Khaled H. Alyoubi, Diaa Hamed, and Alaa O. Khadidos. "Internet of Things Assisted Solid Biofuel Classification Using Sailfish Optimizer Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Smart Cities." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 12523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612523.
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Solid biofuels and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies play a vital role in the development of smart cities. Solid biofuels are a renewable and sustainable source of energy obtained from organic materials, such as wood, agricultural residues, and waste. The integration of IoT technology with solid biofuel classification can improve the performance, quality control, and overall management of biofuel production and usage. Recently, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models can be applied for the solid biofuel classification process. Therefore, this article develops a novel solid biofuel classification using sailfish optimizer hybrid deep learning (SBFC-SFOHDL) model in the IoT platform. The proposed SBFC-SFOHDL methodology focuses on the identification and classification of solid biofuels from agricultural residues in the IoT platform. To achieve this, the SBFC-SFOHDL method performs IoT-based data collection and data preprocessing to transom the input data into a compatible format. Moreover, the SBFC-SFOHDL technique employs the multihead self attention-based convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory model (MSA-CBLSTM) for solid biofuel classification. For improving the classification performance of the MSA-CBLSTM model, the SFO algorithm is utilized as a hyperparameter optimizer. The simulation results of the SBFC-SFOHDL technique are tested and the results are examined under different measures. An extensive comparison study reported the betterment of the SBFC-SFOHDL technique compared to recent DL models.
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Heneman, P. "Change in humidity of solid biofuels." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 2 (February 8, 2012): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4928-rae.
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Humidity, as one of the most important physical properties of pressed solid biofuels, affects thel calorific value of the biofuel and its consistency. Biofuel humidity depends on the initial humidity of raw material, which varies and depends on many factors. Method of manufacture and place and duration of storage have a considerable effect on solid biofuel humidity as well. Humidity of pressed solid biofuels changes not only during the pressing itself, when temperature increases by compression and a part of contained moisture evaporates, but also in the course of handling and storage under unstable environment conditions with high relative air humidity, when, on the contrary, their humidity gradually increases due to their hygroscopicity. Properties of solid biofuels change with their increasing humidity – their calorific value and consistency decreasing and the share of crumbles increasing.
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Rezania, Shahabaldin, Bahareh Oryani, Jinwoo Cho, Farzaneh Sabbagh, Parveen Fatemeh Rupani, Amirreza Talaiekhozani, Negar Rahimi, and Majid Lotfi Ghahroud. "Technical Aspects of Biofuel Production from Different Sources in Malaysia—A Review." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2020): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080993.
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Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuel production from renewable sources has gained interest. Malaysia, as a tropical country with huge resources, has a high potential to produce different types of biofuels from renewable sources. In Malaysia, biofuels can be produced from various sources, such as lignocellulosic biomass, palm oil residues, and municipal wastes. Besides, biofuels are divided into two main categories, called liquid (bioethanol and biodiesel) and gaseous (biohydrogen and biogas). Malaysia agreed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 45% by 2030 as they signed the Paris agreement in 2016. Therefore, we reviewed the status and potential of Malaysia as one of the main biofuel producers in the world in recent years. The role of government and existing policies have been discussed to analyze the outlook of the biofuel industries in Malaysia.
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Janda, K., L. Kristoufek, and D. Zilberman. " Biofuels: policies and impacts." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 8 (August 22, 2012): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2011-agricecon.
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This paper provides a general overview of the technological, social, environmental, economical, and policy considerations related to biofuels. While the biofuel production and consumption exhibited significant increase over the first decade of the new millennium, this and further increases in biofuel production are driven primarily by government policies. Currently available first generation biofuels are not economically viable in the absence of fiscal incentives or high oil prices (with a few exceptional cases, especially in the case of the most developed Brazilian sugarcane production of ethanol). Also the environmental impacts of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels are quite ambiguous. The literature review of the most recent economic models dealing with biofuels and their economic impacts provides a distinction between structural and reduced form models. The discussion of structural models centres primarily on computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The review of reduced models is structured toward the time series analysis approach to the dependencies between prices of biofuels, prices of agricultural commodities used for the biofuel production and prices of the fossil fuels.
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Sreevani, P. "Biodiversity Consequences of Biofuel Production." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.49.4.
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The biodiversity impact of biofuels will depend on the biofuel crop and the previous land use. Biofuels can be beneficial to biodiversity when appropriate crops are grown in suitable areas. Conversion of protected areas is usually explicitly prohibited by sustainability standards, but many of these areas of high biodiversity importance fall outside of the protected area network. The paper examines research that investigates the impact on biodiversity; specifically, how the impact is measured as being dependent on the biofuel feedstocks, previous land use and agricultural practices employed and well-managed plantations. However, the paper also provides insights on the evidence that reveals that the cultivation of many of the biofuel feedstocks has a negative impact on biodiversity as a result of habitat conversion and the ‘off-farm’ impacts of pollution and soil erosion.
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Gan, Xiaofan, Bingqian Guo, Zemeng Ma, Mingjie Fang, Yan Yan, and Weiguo Liu. "The Effect of Forest Growth Rate on Climate Change Impacts of Logging Residue Utilization." Atmosphere 14, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081270.
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Biofuel is encouraged because of its low impact on climate change. A new framework was developed to accurately assess the climate change impacts (CCI) of biofuel by integrating the atmospheric carbon cycle model and vegetation carbon dynamic models. Forests with different growth rates (fast, medium, slow) and three collection intensities (71%, 52%, 32%) of logging residues were presumed to test the performance of this framework. The CCI of biofuel was analyzed under two functional units: 1 GJ of biofuels and 1 ha of forests to supply biofuels. According to this study, increasing the forest growth rate could decrease the CCI in both functional units. Increasing the collection intensity could decrease the CCI of 1 GJ of biofuel but increase the CCI of 1 ha of forest land (unless the impacts were negative in fast-growth forests with high and medium collection intensities). Producing bioethanol resulted in a lower CCI (−3.1–67.7 kg CO2 eq/GJ) compared to bio-diesel (29.3–94.7 kg CO2 eq/GJ). Hence, collecting all available logging residues (without inhibiting forest regrowth) to produce low CCI biofuels such as bioethanol was found to be the optimal option for achieving high mitigation effects.
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Rangasamy, Krishnan, and Naveenchandran P. "Sustainability achievement through the effective conversion of aquatic biomass into biofuel and its investigation in the CI engine." E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339906001.
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Scientists are interested in biofuels because of their potential as a renewable energy source and alternative fuel. Biofuel has quickly become the industry standard because of the positive impact it has on the environment. The process of recycling materials into useful energy sources has grown in popularity in response to the significant increase in energy demand brought about by the worldwide population. Because of this, energy conversion via crassipes hydrophytes will be a hot topic in the near future. The production of biofuels from Crassipes hydrophytes has contributed greatly to re-establishing environmental equilibrium. Biofuel is the most advantageous feedstock for producing biodiesel, both monetarily and environmentally. Oxygenated fuels are a feasible option for reducing harmful exhaust fumes from motor vehicles. To achieve the goals of energy recovery from crassipes hydrophytes, this study provides an overview of biofuel as a potential alternative fuel for diesel engines. This study examines the efficiency and pollution levels of diesel engines running on biofuel blends generated from crassipes hydrophytes.
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Das, Sudip. "A perspective of global biofuel policies." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (March 2022): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2021-002003.
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Biofuels have drawn the attention of policymakers as a medium to address concerns of energy security, climate change and socio-economic development. The paper examines the biofuel policies of the major biofuel producing nations and analyzes the key instruments being adopted by them during the last decade such as blending mandates, financial incentives, subsidies, import tariffs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and carbon trading. The countries are categorized by continent and covers Asia (India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand), Europe (European Union, Germany and France), South America (Brazil, Argentina), North America (USA, Canada) and Australia. The paper assesses whether the blending mandates had the desired impact on realization of policy targets and examines the impact of biofuel policies on the socio-economic development and environmental sustainability in these nations. Most countries continue to use sugarcane, corn, grains, and vegetable oils as feedstock for biofuel production thereby raising concerns about their adverse impact on food prices and food availability to the underprivileged people. Biofuel policies for this paper refer to policy instruments, strategies and programs which were established to aid and manage the production and consumption of biofuels - both ethanol and biodiesel.
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Blum, David A. "Venture Capital Best Practice Strategies To Reduce Economic Uncertainty In Biofuel Investing." Journal of International Energy Policy (JIEP) 3, no. 1 (November 4, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jiep.v3i1.8943.
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Independent venture capital firms require actionable economic best practice strategies to reduce uncertainty when investing in biofuel firms. Biofuels derived from plant oils are a primary source of renewable fuel energy replacing petrol diesel. Investing in biofuels is fraught with high capital start-up costs and inaccurate portfolio firm valuation models lessening venture capital personnel ability to achieve higher levels of successful biofuel firm exits. The gap in literature addressed in this paper is venture capital best practice strategies to reduce economic uncertainty in biofuel firms investing are an unexplored phenomenon. Reducing and prospering from the effects economic uncertainty requires venture capital firms to implement best practice strategies. This paper provides venture capital firms with best practice strategies to reduce economic uncertainty when in investing in biofuel firms. Utilizing multiples, net present value, internal rate of return, and venture capital model for establishing a valuation price for portfolio firms are actionable economic best practice strategies addressed in this paper. The best practice strategies presented in this paper might reduce economic uncertainty, increase the number of successful exists, and encourage increased funding of biofuel energy firms, contributing to cleaner and healthier communities throughout the United States.
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Latifah, Nurlia, Agus Sundaryono, and Rina Elvia. "Produksi Biofuel Dari Limbah Cpo Dengan Katalis Berbasis Titanium Oksida Dan Implementasinya Pada Pembelajaran Kimia." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.1.1.19-24.
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Conversion of CPO waste into biofuel is one of the efforts to find alternative energy to overcome Indonesia's energy crisis. The resulting methyl ester was further processed into biofuel by cracking process with Ni/TiO2 and Co/TiO2 catalysts at temperature > 350oC for 2.5 hours followed by distillation. Educational research was done by doing the learning process by using biofuel module. The optimum biofuel yield was obtained from cracking methyl ester with 5% Ni/TiO2 catalyst and 3% Co/TiO2 catalyst respectively of 66,67 and 61,90%. The physical and chemical properties of cracked biofuels with Ni/TiO2 and Co/ TiO2 catalysts have complied with ASTM standards for biofuel except acid numbers. There is an increase in student learning outcomes before and after using the module.
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Khan, M. Anwar H., Sophia Bonifacio, Joanna Clowes, Amy Foulds, Rayne Holland, James C. Matthews, Carl J. Percival, and Dudley E. Shallcross. "Investigation of Biofuel as a Potential Renewable Energy Source." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101289.
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An accelerating global energy demand, paired with the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels, has triggered the search for alternative, renewable energy sources. Biofuels are arguably a potential renewable energy source in the transportation industry as they can be used within current infrastructures and require less technological advances than other renewable alternatives, such as electric vehicles and nuclear power. The literature suggests biofuels can negatively impact food security and production; however, this is dependent on the type of feedstock used in biofuel production. Advanced biofuels, derived from inedible biomass, are heavily favoured but require further research and development to reach their full commercial potential. Replacing fossil fuels by biofuels can substantially reduce particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, but simultaneously increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in debates concerning the way biofuels should be implemented. The potential biofuel blends (FT-SPK, HEFA-SPK, ATJ-SPK and HFS-SIP) and their use as an alternative to kerosene-type fuels in the aviation industry have also been assessed. Although these fuels are currently more costly than conventional aviation fuels, possible reduction in production costs has been reported as a potential solution. A preliminary study shows that i-butanol emissions (1.8 Tg/year) as a biofuel can increase ozone levels by up to 6% in the upper troposphere, highlighting a potential climate impact. However, a larger number of studies will be needed to assess the practicalities and associated cost of using the biofuel in existing vehicles, particularly in terms of identifying any modifications to existing engine infrastructure, the impact of biofuel emissions, and their chemistry on the climate and human health, to fully determine their suitability as a potential renewable energy source.
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Burlaka, S., V. Yaropud, and N. Zdirko. "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE WHEN USING BIOFUELS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (October 2021): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-169-174.
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The practical use of biofuels is a very controversial, complex and ambiguous issue. Biofuels are considered to be a means of getting rid of many problems. It has gained this reputation due to the lack of attention paid to the complex processes of production of biofuels and raw materials from which it is produced, as well as the great difficulties that arise in its use. Unfortunately, little attention is paid to the fact that different types of biofuels are completely different in terms of their impact on cars, engines, fuel equipment and not all meet the requirements for them when working in the agro-industrial complex. In fact, it is already clear that the daily unregulated use of biofuels will lead to numerous failures of diesel engines and huge repair costs. Each family of biofuels is produced using different technologies. Despite this, work in this direction is being actively pursued, there are still no standards for various types of biofuels, as well as for the raw materials used, production and technological processes and environmental standards. In practice, this may mean that different biofuel producers will sell under the same name fuels with very different physical and chemical characteristics, not to mention that they contain potentially hazardous substances. In addition, its effect on engine mechanics, whether biofuel in a mixture with conventional or pure biofuel, whatever it may be, has not been sufficiently studied. Biofuel itself can be a strong solvent and gradually clog the injectors with dissolved substances. Biofuels made from ethanol can be hygroscopic, and the moisture dissolved in them affects the corrosion of engine parts. Components of such fuels can also adversely affect engine gaskets and seals, as well as fuel supply systems made from organic materials. Simply put, there is a clear incompatibility between the materials of modern diesel engines and biofuels when used in high concentrations.
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Bhatt, Neha Chamoli, Amit Panwar, Tara Singh Bisht, and Sushma Tamta. "Coupling of Algal Biofuel Production with Wastewater." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/210504.
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Microalgae have gained enormous consideration from scientific community worldwide emerging as a viable feedstock for a renewable energy source virtually being carbon neutral, high lipid content, and comparatively more advantageous to other sources of biofuels. Although microalgae are seen as a valuable source in majority part of the world for production of biofuels and bioproducts, still they are unable to accomplish sustainable large-scale algal biofuel production. Wastewater has organic and inorganic supplements required for algal growth. The coupling of microalgae with wastewater is an effective way of waste remediation and a cost-effective microalgal biofuel production. In this review article, we will primarily discuss the possibilities and current scenario regarding coupling of microalgal cultivation with biofuel production emphasizing recent progress in this area.
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Khan, Md Shakeb, and Akram Ahmad Khan. "The Role of Advanced Biofuels in Promoting Energy Access and Economic Growth in Rural Areas." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 43, no. 4 (March 24, 2025): 8–21. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2025/v43i42713.
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This paper examines the role of advanced biofuels in promoting energy access and economic growth in rural areas, with a focus on developing countries. Advanced biofuels, produced from non-food biomass sources such as agricultural residues, algae, and waste, have the potential to reduce rural energy poverty while creating economic opportunities. Through case studies of successful initiatives in countries like India and Brazil, this study highlights how decentralized biofuel production has improved energy access, created local employment, and enhanced agricultural value chains. Notable findings include the establishment of community-led biofuel plants that reduced reliance on imported fossil fuels and generated sustainable incomes for farmers by utilizing crop residues. The study also identifies key challenges such as limited infrastructure, access to financing, and policy support, while offering actionable recommendations to scale advanced biofuel adoption. Overall, advanced biofuels present a promising pathway to sustainable rural development by enhancing energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering economic growth.
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Hasan, Morshadul, and Judit Oláh. "Present Trends of Biofuel Production and Consumption in the European Union." Journal of Central European Green Innovation 10, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3472.
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Biofuel is one of the trending research areas in the production and consumption economy. Based on the significance of biofuels, this study specifies the objective to explore and discuss the present trends of biofuel production and consumption in European Union listed countries. A descriptive data analysis technique is conducted here using the data from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, European Union energy annuals, RES Barometer, and STATISTA databases. This study finds that among the 27 EU countries, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden are highly concerned regarding biofuel production and consumption. Due to the unavailability of balanced yearly data, different years' data are used here to conduct the descriptive analysis. Germany and France are in the leading position in biofuel economic circumstances, particularly from both biofuel production and consumption perspective. It is also found that sugar beets, corn, and wheat are the most used feedstock used for biofuel production, and transportation is the largest source of biofuel consumption.
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Takács-György, Katalin, Anett Lászlók, and István Takács. "Examination of first generation biofuel production in some selected biofuel producing countries in Europe: A case study." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 10 (October 29, 2020): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/237/2020-agricecon.
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The EU is committed to increasing the use of renewable energy sources. In the sector of transportation, the share of renewable energy is to reach 10% by 2020 and 14% by 2030, respectively, in the EU. According to the latest forecasts, the production of the first-generation biofuels made from food raw materials is showing a declining tendency in the main European producing countries. Therefore, the objective of our research is to forecast the production of some selected biofuel producing countries within the EU as well as the traditional biofuel production in Hungary. The question of land use changes due to the new regulations is crucial. Our examinations were carried out by using Verhulst’s logistic function based on the biofuel production data of EUROSTAT. The function has already reached the saturation level in Germany, France and Sweden but in the case of other examined countries, biofuel production is also in the phase of slowing growth. Furthermore, findings are also justified by the 2015 regulation that restricts the share of producing first-generation biofuels in the final energy consumption to 7% and promotes the production of advanced biofuels, thereby decreasing the indirect change in land use and increasing sustainable crop production.
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Lima, Mairon G. Bastos, and Joyeeta Gupta. "The Policy Context of Biofuels: A Case of Non-Governance at the Global Level?" Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (May 2013): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00166.
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The large-scale production of crop-based biofuels has been one of the fastest and most controversial global changes of recent years. Global biofuel outputs increased six-fold between 2000 and 2010, and a growing number of countries are adopting biofuel promotion policies. Meanwhile, multilateral bodies have been created, and a patchwork of biofuel policies is emerging. This article investigates the global biofuel policy context and analyzes its nature, its institutional architecture, and issues of access and allocation. Our assessment reveals a density of national policies but a paucity of international consensus on norms and rules. We argue that the global biofuel context remains a non-regime and that it has overlooked serious issues of access even as a risky North-South allocation pattern is created. Although biofuel governance is not completely absent, existing international institutions do not take account of the different voices in the debate and leave a large vacuum of unaddressed social and environmental issues.
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Wang, Zhizhen, Patricia Osseweijer, and John A. Posada. "Human Health Impacts of Aviation Biofuel Production: Exploring the Application of Different Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Methods for Biofuel Supply Chains." Processes 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020158.
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The life cycle human health (HH) impacts related to aviation biofuels have been understood in a limited way. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods for assessing HH are often associated with a high level of uncertainty and a low level of consensus. As a result, it remains challenging to perform a robust assessment of HH impacts with a suitable LCIA method. This study aims to systematically compare six commonly used LCIA methods for quantifying HH impacts, in order to empirically understand the potential impacts of aviation biofuel production on HH and how the results are affected by the choice of methods. Three aviation biofuel production pathways based on different feedstocks (sugarcane, eucalyptus, and macauba) were analyzed and compared to fossil aviation biofuels, on the basis of a functional unit of 1 MJ aviation fuel. The majority of the LCIA methods suggest that, in respect to midpoint impacts, macauba-based biofuel is associated with the lowest impacts and eucalyptus-based biofuel the highest; whereas at endpoint level, the results are more scattered. The LCIA methods agree that biomass conversion into aviation biofuel, H2 production, and feedstock cultivation are major contributors to life cycle HH impacts. Additionally, we provide a guideline for determining an appropriate method for assessing HH impacts.
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Cheban, I., and А. Dibrova. "Creating conditions for the sustainable development of the liquid biofuel market in Ukraine." Bìoekonomìka ta agrarnij bìznes 10, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2019.02.043.
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In light of the growing importance of biofuels in the world and Ukraine’s potential for its production, the current research focuses on analyzing the future development of the liquid biofuel market and production possibilities in Ukraine. This research aims at analyzing the current status and future projections of the liquid biofuel market in Ukraine until 2030 using the AGMEMOD model—an econometric, dynamic, partial equilibrium, multi-commodity model. This is a new market for the Ukrainian AGMEMOD model, and it was implemented in the model for the first time. The current paper offers the introduction of state aid in the form of direct support and tax preferences for liquid biofuels producers to meet the needs of the domestic market in biofuels and to achieve the indicative target of 10% consumption of biofuels in the total consumption of motor fuel by the transport sector by 2020. The research suggested conditions for the creation of sustainable development of the liquid biofuel market in Ukraine for a long-term period. All proposed measures, such as direct support for liquid biofuels producers, tax incentives for producers, and the introduction of a mandatory mixing rate, will contribute to achieving the indicative target of 10% consumption of biofuels by the transport sector
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Wasiak, Andrzej, and Olga Orynycz. "Energy Efficiency of a Biofuel Production System." Management and Production Engineering Review 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2017-0007.
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Abstract Manufacturing engineering is supposed to provide analyses related to various aspects of manufacturing and production in order to maximise technological, energy, and economic gains in relevant production processes. The present paper gives a recapitulation of several publications by present authors, presenting considerations of the energy efficiency of biofuel production. The energy efficiency is understood as the ratio of energy obtained from biofuels produced basing on crops from a particular area to the energy required to satisfy needs of all subsidiary processes assuring correct functioning of the production system, starting from operations aimed to obtain agricultural crops, and ending with the conversion of the crops onto biofuels. Derived by the present authors, the mathematical model of energy efficiency of biofuel production is extended to a more general form, and applied to the analysis of quantitative relations between energy efficiency of sc. “energy plantations”, and further elements of biofuel production system converting harvested biomass into biofuel. Investigations are aimed towards the determination of the role of biomass as a source of energy.
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bin Abdullah, Mohd Fareez Edzuan, Mohd Hisyamuddin bin Sulaiman, and Noor Aliah Binti Abdul Majid. "NOx Emission of Diesel Fuel Blended with Different Saturation Degrees of Biofuel and with Oxygenator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.397.
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This paper discusses the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics of compression ignition diesel engine operating on diesel fuel blends with different saturation degrees of biofuel and with methanol. In order to investigate the dominant factor of increased NOx in biofuels, diesel combustion tests were conducted under idling condition and the tailpipe exhaust emissions were measured by a flue gas analyzer. The general trend where NOx emission increased and reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emission in the biofuel and methanol blend cases were observed. The NOx emission levels increased as the biofuel saturation degree decreased, where it may be suggested that the prompt NOx mechanism is significant in total NOx formation of biofuel combustion process.
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Cheteni, Priviledge. "Sustainable development: biofuels in agriculture." Environmental Economics 8, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(2).2017.09.
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Biofuels are socially and politically accepted as a form of sustainable energy in numerous countries. However, cases of environmental degradation and land grabs have highlighted the negative effects to their adoption. Smallholder farmers are vital in the development of a biofuel industry. The study sought to assess the implications in the adoption of biofuel crops by smallholder farmers. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 129 smallholder farmers who were sampled from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. A binary probit model was used to investigate the determinants of smallholder farmers adopting biofuel crops. The empirical results showed that the variables, such as membership in association, occupation and incentives were statistically significant in influencing farmers’ decision to adopt biofuel crops. Furthermore, it was discovered that the studied areas have a potential to grow biofuel crops.
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Geletukha, G. G., T. A. Zheliezna, P. P. Kucheruk, and S. V. Drahniev. "ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR USING UKRAINE’S BIOMASS POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 49, no. 2 (June 11, 2023): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2023.9.
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The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of Ukraine’s bioenergy potential. The task of the work is to develop recommendations for the practical implementation of promising directions for the potential utilisation. The research methods include calculations, study and analysis of literature, statistics and other data. The availability of considerable biomass potential for the production of various types of biofuel and energy is one of the main prerequisites for the successful development of bioenergy in Ukraine. Results of the assessment based on 2021 data show that the potential of biomass for energy in the country amounts to nearly 26 Mtoe/year. A comprehensive assessment of the potential was carried out for such components as solid biomass, biofuelі and biogas. Sources of solid biomass are various agricultural residues, various types of wood biomass and energy crops (provided they are grown on unused agricultural land). Solid biomass in the amount of more than 16 Mtoe/year is the largest component of the country's biomass energy potential accounting for 62% of the total. Expert assessments indicate the possibility of increasing this potential to about 44 Mtoe/year in the period until 2050. A scenario for the long-term use of the biomass potential for energy and biofuel production has been developed taking into account sustainability issues. To implement this scenario, it is necessary to overcome a number of barriers existing in the bioenergy sector, primarily the main ones. It also seems necessary to temporarily liberalize for Ukraine the strict sustainability criteria established by the EU RED II. This mitigation should include postponing the requirement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (65% for biofuels and biogas for transport produced in installations that started operation from 01.01.2021); establishing a special limit for Ukraine until 2030 on the use of energy from first-generation biofuels in transport (up to 7%); expanding for Ukraine the list of feedstock for the production of advanced biofuels, including regulation of possibility to obtain raw material for biofuel production on polluted, unused, low-productivity and degraded lands.
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Blinová, Lenka, Alica Bartošová, and Maroš Sirotiak. "Unconventional Type of Biomass Suitable for the Production of Biofuels." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.514.
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Production of biofuel from renewable sources is considered to be one of the most sustainable alternatives to petroleum sourced fuels. Biofuels are also viable means for environmental and economic sustainability. Biofuels are divided into four generations. At present microalgae are presented as an ideal third generation biofuel feedstock because of their rapid growth rate and they also do not compete with food or feed crops, and can be produced on non-arable land. Microalgae have broad bioenergy potential because they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel). In this paper we present an overview about biofuels generation, especially about using duckweed for bioethanol production.