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Journal articles on the topic 'Biofungicidas'
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Aguilar Anccota, René, Silverio Apaza Apaza, EDGAR ABRAHAM MALDONADO DUQUE, et al. "Control in vitro e in vivo de Thielaviopsis paradoxa y Colletotrichum musae con biofungicidas en frutos de banano orgánico." Manglar 21, no. 1 (2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.006.
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Piura is the region with the largest organic banana production in Peru; however, the post-harvest disease crown rot has generated large economic losses. Therefore, the following objectives were raised: to evaluate the efficacy of biofungicides in vitro and in vivo for the control of this disease. The products used were: oregano extract, citric acid; ascorbic acid, bioflavonoids; biofertilizer and tea tree oil. In vitro, the "poisoned medium" method was used. In vivo, fruits were inoculated with conidial suspensions at 1 x 104 CFU ml-1 of the phytopathogens Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum musae. The biofungicides were prepared according to the commercial dose. The products were applied, and the fungi were inoculated with manual sprayers. The banana clusters with treatment were placed in 18,4 kg cardboard boxes and packed, incubating at 13 °C for 18 days and 4 days in a maturation chamber with ethylene gas. In vitro, the biofungicides: oregano extract (1450 ppm) and citric acid (2825 ppm) obtained 100% inhibition in the growth of the mycelium of T. paradoxa and C. musae. In fruits, the lowest severity index was for the citrus extract biofungicide (4275 ppm), registering 0,0% against T. paradoxa and C. musae.
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Leiva Villanueva, Deissy Milly. "Eficacia de biofungicidas frente a la caída de plántula de pepino, inducida por Pythium aphanidermatum." Revista de Investigación de Agroproducción Sustentable 2, no. 1 (2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25127/aps.20181.387.
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<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la eficacia de ciertos tratamientos, a base de biofungicidas, frente a la caída de plántula de pepino causada por <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em>. Los tratamientos a evaluar fueron 7, incluyendo un tratamiento testigo, sin usar ningún producto. Los tratamientos usados fueron, un producto formulado con <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, otro con <em>Trichoderma fertile</em> y otro formulado con <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em>, denominado T34 Biocontrol; como productos de referencia se utilizaron fungicidas químicos comerciales, en concreto Previcur Energy y Terrazole, y como biofungicida de control se utilizó Serenade Max. Se instaló un ensayo en cámara de cultivo con 5 bloques, 7 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se pre-germinaron las semillas de pepino y posteriormente se sembraron en las macetas previamente identificadas. Seguidamente se inoculó a todos los tratamientos con un aislado de <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em>.</p><p>Finalmente, se obtuvo que T34 Biocontrol logró reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad obteniendo el mismo resultado que el fungicida químico Previcur Energy. Así mismo, se demostró que el producto a base de <em>Trichoderma fertile</em>, también reduce la caída de plántula de pepino aunque no tan eficazmente como los otros tratamientos. Por último, los tratamientos con los biofungicidas Serenade Max y <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> no obtuvieron buenos resultados contra la caída de plántula en pepino. De igual manera, el fungicida quimico Terrazole tampoco tuvo buenos resultados contra la caída de plántula.<strong> </strong></p>
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Minuzzo, Paloma, Rosa Maria Valdebenito Sanhueza, André Novais Spadoa, and Vinícius Adão Bartnicki. "Eficácia do controle biológico de mofo cinzento em morangos produzidos em cultivo protegido." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 6, no. 2 (2020): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.62.120-125.
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A produção de morangos semi-hidropônicos protegidos é cada vez maior. Botrytis cinerea é a doença que mais causa danos nesse sistema. Devido à rápida e desuniforme maturação dos frutos é difícil manejar essa doença com fungicidas químicos. O uso de biofungicidas vêm sendo uma alternativa para reduzir a contaminação do meio ambiente, manejar doenças resistentes à fungicidase controle de patógenos em cultivos orgânicos. Porém não existem muitos estudos sobre o efeito desses produtos sobre B.cinerea. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar biofungicidas compostos de Bacillus sp., em diferentes doses, para o controle de B.cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer e a produção de frutos de morangueiro em sistema semi-hidropônico. Dois experimentos comparativos de Bacillus subtilis QST 173 (B.s.) e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 (B.a.) foram comparados com aplicações de água. Os ensaios foram em cultivo semi-hidropônico protegido da empresa Italbraz Ltda, localizada em Vacaria-RS. Os resultados obtidos informam que nas doses 0,8 kg/ha de B.a. e 1,6 L/ha de B.s., o B.a. é mais eficiente no controle de B. cinerea. Já nas doses de 1,0 kg/ha de B.a. e 2,0 L/ha de B.s., somente B.a. controla B. cinerea. B.a. e B.s. não controlam R. stolonifer e não afetam a produção de morangos.
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Abrantes, Matheus Faria, Mônica Lau da Silva Marques, Tassia Tuane Moreira dos Santos, et al. "Controle biológico de doenças foliares na soja." Research, Society and Development 12, no. 7 (2023): e6612742329. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42329.
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A cultura da soja vem se destacando cada vez mais no cenário nacional. Grandes avanços e melhorias na produtividade foram alcançados. No entanto, ainda há fatores limitantes que influenciam seu desempenho, principalmente as doenças foliares. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do biofungicida, Bacillus subtilis BV02, no controle de doenças foliares da soja. O ensaio foi realizado na estação experimental da Semear, Campinorte – Goiás, com delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados (DBC), composto por 6 tratamentos com 4 repetições. As observações foram feitas por meio de avaliações de folhas do terço inferior, médio e superior, comparando com as escalas diagramáticas. Ademais, foram analisadas a desfolha, incidência de doenças, produtividade e peso de mil grãos (PMG). Inicialmente obteve-se uma baixa pressão de mancha parda, porém ao final do ciclo a doença se intensificou juntamente com outra DFC, onde o tratamento 3 e 6 obtiveram melhores resultados. Já a ferrugem asiática, apresentou uma alta incidência, resultando em uma desfolha precoce nos tratamentos 1, 4 e 5, enquanto nos tratamentos 3, 2 e 6, foi observado um bom controle. O tratamento 3 teve produtividade similar ao T6, de forma que sobressaíram T2, sendo a produtividade deste similar ao T5. Portanto, a utilização de fungicida biológico associado ao químico demonstrou um melhor resultado, de forma que os biofungicidas podem ser uma importante ferramenta no manejo integrado das doenças foliares, que impactam na produtividade da cultura.
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Ramírez-Rodríguez, Rolando Fabián, Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo, Celerino Robles, Gisela Margarita Santiago-Martínez, María Isabel Pérez-León, and Salvador Lozano-Trejo. "Efectividad de Biofungicidas para el control de la roya en plántulas de café." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 11, no. 6 (2020): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i6.2614.
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La roya (Hemileia vastatrix) es la enfermedad más destructiva y mayor importancia económica en el café a nivel mundial en Coffea arabica L. Se presenta en el ciclo de las plantas y para su control se utilizan métodos químicos, biológicos, culturales, manejo integrado y resistencia genética; aunque algunos son inefectivos, caros y contaminantes. El objetivo fue evaluar la incidencia y severidad de la roya en plántulas de café var. Geisha bajo el efecto de diferentes biofungicidas. La investigación se realizó en la finca El Nueve, Santa María Huatulco, Oaxaca; durante 2018 en vivero. Se evaluaron distintos tratamientos: testigo, productos a base de microorganismos: Baci-Sur subtilis, Bacit-Sur, Michoderma, Blite Free F-07/Guanobras; los minerales: Oxicloruro de cobre, Caldo Bordelés, Caldo mineral visosa, Sulfocal y un homeopático (Nat-Rx), más algunas combinaciones, para un total de 24 tratamientos. El diseño fue completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones. Las variables para evaluar incidencia fueron: total de hojas, hojas sanas y dañadas por roya. Se usaron fotografías de hojas dañadas para evaluar severidad visual mediante la escala logarítmica-diagramática. Para evaluar severidad digitalizada con Adobe Photoshop® CC 2017, se midió área foliar total, área dañada por roya y área sana. Se analizaron por la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis en SAS. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los biofungicidas a los 150 dda sobre la incidencia de roya (IR), sin diferencias significativas en severidad. Los tratamientos con menor IR fueron la combinación de microorganismos Bacit-Sur+Nat-Rx, Baci-Sur subtilis+Blite FreeF-07/Guanobras y Michoderma+Blite Free F-07/Guanobras.
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Lencinas, Marcos Gabriel, Virginia Mercedes Pesce, Cintia Belen Flores, Fabio Vazquez, and Maria Cristina Nally. "Evaluación del efecto de las levaduras vitivinícolas biofungicidas sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas de lechugas (Lactuca sativa L.) in vitro. Análisis de fitotoxicidad." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 38, no. 3 (2020): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i3.648.
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Botrytis cinerea puede afectar a la lechuga tanto en condiciones de invernadero como en condiciones de campo. Levaduras vitivinícolas presentaron actividad antifúngica frente a B. cinerea de lechuga in vitro. Sin embargo se desconoce si estas levaduras afectan la germinación de semillas o crecimiento de las plántulas de lechuga. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de las levaduras vitivinícolas sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas emergentes de lechuga (L. sativa), in vitro. Las levaduras se inocularon puntalmente sobre semillas de lechugas en bandejas plásticas. A los 4 y 7 días, se evaluó % de semillas germinadas, longitud de radícula, hipocótilo y cotiledones. También se evaluó el índice de vigor (IV) (7 días). Resultados: A los 4 días, cuatro levaduras BSchp67, BSc92, BSc121, BSc203 promovieron signif icativamente la germinación de semillas de lechuga en comparación con el control. De estas levaduras, dos incrementaron la longitud de los cotiledones. A los 7 días, seis levaduras BSc16, BSc61, BSchp67, BSc92, BSc121, BSc203 incrementaron el % de semillas germinadas y la longitud del hipocótilo. A los 4 y 7 días ninguna de las levaduras ensayadas incrementó signif icativamente la longitud de la radícula. Las plantas pre-inoculadas con las levaduras vitivinícolas presentaron un IV similar al control, excepto las plántulas inoculadas con BSc81, donde fue menor. Conclusiones: El efecto de las levaduras sobre la germinación y crecimiento de la lechuga fue variable. Al f inalizar el ensayo BSc5, BSc47, BSc68, BSc49, BSc56 y BSc92 no afectaron negativamente la tasa de germinación, el crecimiento vegetativo (radícula, hipocótilo, cotiledones), ni el vigor de las plántulas de lechuga, por lo tanto podrían utilizarse como biofungicidas. Las últimas tres cepas mencionadas anteriormente promovieron el crecimiento del hipocótilo (día 7). Estos datos sugieren la posibilidad de empleo de estas levaduras como biofungicidas y como posibles promotores del crecimiento vegetal (doble función).
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Rossetti, Cristina, Natalia Pedra Madruga, Marta Gubert Tremea, et al. "Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo tratadas com bioestimulantes e biofungicidas e armazenadas por 180 dias." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado 16, no. 3 (2025): e4608. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v16i3.4608.
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A agricultura moderna busca por soluções que equilibrem produtividade e sustentabilidade onde cada prática de manejo seja economicamente viável e ambientalmente correta. O tratamento biológico de sementes, também descrito como micobiolização, refere-se à aplicação de microrganismos vivos nas sementes para o controle de doenças, pragas, fitonematoides, e pode, em alguns casos, promover o crescimento de plantas. Para espécies como o trigo, o tratamento de sementes é essencial, sendo uma das medidas capazes de reduzir o inóculo vinculado à semente. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo da cultivar OR Soberano, tratadas com diferentes produtos biológicos e armazenadas até os 180 dias. Foram testados 4 tratamentos - T1: Testemunha (sem tratamento), T2: Biofungicida; T3: Bioestimulante; T4: Biofungicida + Bioestimulante. Após o tratamento as sementes foram armazenadas em uma câmera de armazenamento, com temperatura constante de 10°C e umidade relativa de 40%. As avaliações aconteceram a cada 30 dias após a realização do tratamento de sementes até chegar aos 180 dias, totalizando 6 tempos de armazenamento. As avaliações realizadas foram: teste de primeira contagem de germinação (PCG) e germinação (G), envelhecimento acelerado (EA), emergência em bandeja (EB) e os testes de comprimento de raiz (CR) e parte aérea (CPA). Concluiu-se que, o tratamento de sementes com biológicos foi eficiente até os 30-60 dias de armazenamento nas condições de temperatura constante de 10°C e umidade relativa de 40%, tanto utilizado o biofungicida e/ou o biestimulante de forma isolada ou associados.
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Pérez, Alejandro Andrés, M. A. Perez, B. Martinez Coca, I. N. Rollhaiser, and M. C. Blengini. "Selección de aislamientos de Trichoderma spp. in vitro como potenciales biofungicidas para el cont." AgriScientia 37, no. 2 (2020): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n2.29419.
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La calidad y rendimiento en los sistemas de producción de papa se ve seriamente afectado por enfermedades por hongos como Rhizoctonia solani, cuyo control químico es ineficiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue seleccionar aislamientos de Trichoderma spp. in vitro como potenciales biofungicidas para el control de R. solani en papa. A partir de muestras de suelo de los departamentos Calamuchita, Río Primero, Punilla y San Javier, de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina), se aislaron e identificaron genéticamente 18 cepas nativas de Trichoderma. A través de cultivos duales in vitro se evaluó la competencia por el sustrato, micoparasitismo y capacidad de antibiosis. Se identificaron cinco cepas promisorias: T. atroviride ACp8 y CBa3, T. konigiopsis CBk2 y CBk4 y T. harzianum CBh2. Estas cepas presentaron un sobrecrecimiento mayor al 85 % sobre el patógeno; fueron muy competitivas por el sustrato (Grado 1) y presentaron una elevada capacidad de antibiosis mayor al 35 % lo que inhibió el crecimiento radial por al menos cuatro mecanismos de interacción hifal frente a R. solani. Las cepas seleccionadas que reconocen específicamente al fitopatógeno y presentan alta adaptación edafoclimática por su condición de nativas, podrán ser incorporadas al manejo del cultivo favoreciendo la sustentabilidad del sistema.
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Miličević, Tihomir. "Biofungicidi i mogućnosti njihove primjene u suzbijanju fitopatogenih gljiva i pseudogljiva." Glasnik zaštite bilja 43, no. 4 (2020): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.43.4.9.
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Biofungicidi ili mikrobiološki fungicidi su komercijalizirani biološki pripravci na bazi mikroorganizama (gljiva, pseudogljiva i bakterija), koji imaju antagonističko djelovanje na fitopatogene gljive i pseudogljive, te tako spriječavaju njihov rast i razvoj. Biofungicidi na bazi antagonističkih gljiva i pseudogljiva nazivaju se još i mikofungicidi, a biofungicidi na bazi antagonističkih bakterija nazivaju se bakteriofungicidi. Antagonističko djelovanje mikroorganizama korištenih u biofungicidima može se očitovati u vidu različitih interakcija s fitopatogenim gljivama i pseudogljivama, kao što su parazitizam, antibioza, kompeticija, inducirana rezistentnost i dr. Za proizvodnju komercijaliziranih bakteriofungicida za sada se najčešće koriste antagonističke vrste bakterija iz rodova Bacillus, Pseudomonas i Streptomyces, a za proizvodnju komercijaliziranih mikofungicida koriste se najčešće antagonističke vrste gljiva ili pseudogljiva iz rodova Ampelomyces, Chaetomium, Coniothyrium, Gliocladium, Pythium i Trichoderma. Od velikog broja komercijaliziranih biofungicida u svijetu, u Hrvatskoj su trenutno registrirana samo četiri biofungicida i to tri bakteriofungicida i jedan mikofungicid. Bakteriofungicidi su Serenade ASO (na bazi vrste Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Sonata (na bazi vrste Bacillus pumilus) i Proradix (na bazi Pseudomonas sp.), a jedini mikofungicid je Vintec (na bazi antagonističke gljive Trichoderma atroviride).
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Colmenares Lima, Griselda Tamara, and Miguel Asdrúbal Arcia Montezuma. "Gestión sostenible para la producción de biofungicidas y fortalecimiento del sector de bioinsumos agrícolas venezolano." Enfoque UTE 10, no. 1 (2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v10n1.392.
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El propósito de este trabajo fue diseñar una propuesta de gestión para la producción de biofungicidas, fundamentada en normas internacionales relativas a la calidad, ambiente y seguridad, y salud ocupacional, y orientada a fortalecer al sector de bioinsumos agrícolas venezolano, en la elaboración de productos de excelente calidad obtenidos bajo esquemas de producción sostenibles. Se realizó un diagnóstico para establecer las conformidades de la gestión actual de los laboratorios dedicados a esta actividad con lo establecido en las normas, además de un diagnóstico situacional para la adopción de la propuesta. Es una investigación aplicada, de campo y nivel de estudio descriptivo. Los datos se recolectaron entre abril y septiembre de 2018. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la encuesta y observación estructurada; y como instrumentos el cuestionario y la lista de verificación. Se generó un modelo de gestión sostenible que promueve la adecuación del quehacer y ser de la organización, con el deber ser, constituyéndose en un insumo para sentar las bases que propicien el reconocimiento nacional e internacional de los laboratorios y de la plataforma para asegurar el cumplimiento de los requisitos del proceso de registro, principalmente en lo relacionado con la garantía de la calidad, condiciones de seguridad del proceso de producción, documentación requerida y evaluación del producto.
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Mukherjee, Prasun K., Arup K. Mukherjee, and Sandhya Kranthi. "Reclassification of Trichoderma Viride (TNAU), the Most Widely Used Commercial Biofungicide in India, as Trichoderma Asperelloides." Open Biotechnology Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701307010007.
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Trichoderma “viride” TNAU is the most widely used biofungicide in India with more than 250 registered commercial formulations being available. We have studied the phylogenetic position of this strain using a molecular marker and determined that this commercial strain is, in fact, a strain of Trichoderma asperelloides, and not T. viride. The implications of these findings on the registration and commercial distribution of biofungicides based on this strain has been discussed.
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Sudantha, I. M., Sudirman, and N. M. L. Ernawati. "The effect of method and dosage application of biofungicide extract of Legundi leaf fermented with Trichoderma harzianum fungus for control of Fusarium wilt disease on shallots." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 913, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012014.
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Abstract Legundi weed (Vitex trifolia) has the potential to be used as a biofungicide to control Fusarium wilt disease on shallots. For the manufacture of biofungoicides, legundi leaf extract was first fermented using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the method and dose of fermented Legundi leaf extract biofungicide on the Fusarium fungus that causes shallots wilt. The research was carried out in Senteluk Village, Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency using an experimental method with a factorial randomized block design with two factors. As the main effect, namely the application of biofungicide fermented Legundi leaf extract consisting of two levels, namely: seed treatment before planting, and spraying treatment for plants aged 7 days after planting. Meanwhile, the simple effect is the application dose of fermented Legundi leaf extract biofungicide consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0.00 mL, 2.50 mL; 5.00 mL; 7.50 mL and 10.00 mL. The combination method and dose of fermented Legundi leaf extract biofungicide was repeated three times each, so there were 30 treatment combinations. The results obtained were the application of Legundi leaf extract biofungicides by soaking the seeds before planting at a starting dose of 2.50 mL to effectively control onion wilt disease. The applied biofungicide can increase plant height and increase the dry weight of the harvest.
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Tóth, Liliána, Péter Poór, Attila Ördög та ін. "The combination of Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri antifungal proteins with rationally designed γ-core peptide derivatives is effective for plant and crop protection". BioControl 67, № 2 (2022): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-022-10132-y.
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AbstractPlant pathogenic fungi are responsible for enormous crop losses worldwide. Overcoming this problem is challenging as these fungi can be highly resistant to approved chemical fungicides. There is thus a need to develop and introduce fundamentally new plant and crop protection strategies for sustainable agricultural production. Highly stable extracellular antifungal proteins (AFPs) and their rationally designed peptide derivatives (PDs) constitute feasible options to meet this challenge. In the present study, their potential for topical application to protect plants and crops as combinatorial biofungicides is supported by the investigation of two Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri AFPs (NFAP and NFAP2) and their γ-core PDs. Previously, the biofungicidal potential of NFAP, its rationally designed γ-core PD (γNFAP-opt), and NFAP2 was reported. Susceptibility tests in the present study extended the in vitro antifungal spectrum of NFAP2 and its γ-core PD (γNFAP2-opt) to Botrytis, Cladosporium, and Fusarium spp. Besides, in vitro additive or indifferent interactions, and synergism were observed when NFAP or NFAP2 was applied in combination with γNFAP-opt. Except for γNFAP2-opt, the investigated proteins and peptides did not show any toxicity to tomato plant leaves. The application of NFAP in combination with γNFAP-opt effectively inhibited conidial germination, biofilm formation, and hyphal extension of the necrotrophic mold Botrytis cinerea on tomato plant leaves. However, the same combination only partially impeded the B. cinerea-mediated decay of tomato fruits, but mitigated the symptoms. Our results highlight the feasibility of using the combination of AFP and PD as biofungicide for the fungal infection control in plants and crops.
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Ehiobu, John, Emrobowansan Idamokoro, and Anthony Afolayan. "Biofungicides for Improvement of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Production." Scientifica 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1405900.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) cultivation originated from Peru in Latin America. The cultivation has spread fast across the globe due to its ability to cope in the warm tropical and temperate climate. It is spotted by the United Nations as the only tuberous crop that can compete with the cereals in productivity. Fungal disease infestation has been identified as a major challenge confronting the farmers during the cultivation and marketing processes. Farmers’ reliance on Chemical fungicides has lost its credibility to the adoption of the use of biofungicides due to its toxic, high cost, and environmental hazard effects. The trend of the adoption of biofungicides by potato farmers is gaining ground at a fast rate. Various national governments are devising means of collaborating with the United Nations stakeholders through encouraging research funding and by organizing conferences that will enhance potato production. This could be achieved by minimizing losses through farmer’s complete adoption of biofungicides. This review, therefore, examines the various botanicals with antimicrobial properties as potential biofungicide against fungi diseases of potato.
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Ikhsan, Ikhsan, Hartati Oktarina, and Tjut Chamzurni. "Efektifitas Dosis Biofungisida Pelet Trichoderma sp. Untuk Mencegah Perkembangan Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i3.11702.
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Abstrak. Ganoderma boninense adalah jamur patogen yang mengakibatkan tanaman yang belum menghasilkan dan tanaman menghasilkan pada kelapa sawit menjadi layu dan mati. Alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan jamur G.boninense pada bibit kelapa sawit adalah pengendalian biologis biofungisida pelet yang mengandung spesies Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma virens. Faktor yang menentukan berhasilnya bioungisida pelet adalah dosis yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis efektif biofungisida pelet untuk mencegah penyakit BPB. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Tiap unit terdiri dai 4 bibit yang masing-masing ditanam pada 1 kg/polibag. Perlakuannya menggunakan dosis biofungisida pelet spesies T. harzianum dan T. Virens yaitu 0, 1.5, 2.5 dan 3.5 g/polybag. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis sidik ragam akan dilakukan uji lanjut Beda nyata terkecil (BNT) apabila perlakuan berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian dari uji beberapa dosis biofungisida pelet spesies T. harzianum dan T. virens pada masa inkubasi dan Persentase tanaman terserang menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata dalam mencegah jamur G. boninense. Pada jumlah daun 120 HSI juga menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa dosis biofungisida pelet Trichoderma dan pengaruh faktor usia dari kelapa sawit.Effectivity Doses of Pellet biofungicides Trichoderma sp.To Prevent Fungal Development of Genoderma boninense In Oil Palm NusreriesAbstract. Ganoderma boninense is pathogenic fungi that attacks immature plants and plants producing oil palm be withered and died. Alternative control that can be done to prevent basal stem rot disease (BPB) which is caused by G. boninense on oil palm seeds is biological control of pellet biofungicides including T. harzianum and T. Virens species. The factor that determines the success of pellet biofungicide is the dose used. This study aims to determine the effective dosage of pellet biofungicides to prevent BPB. This research was using a Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used doses of pellet biofungicide of T. harzianum and T. Virens species which are 0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 g / polybag. Observation data was obtained from the results of the using variance that will be carried out by the least significant differences (LSD) if the treatment is significantly different. The study results of several doses of pellet biofungicide T. harzianum and T. Virens species during the incubation period and the percentage of attacked plants showed a very significant influence in preventing G.boninense fungi. The number of leaves 120 HSI also showed a significant effect on several doses of Trichoderma pellet biofungicide and the influence of age factors from oil palm.
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Betancourth, Carlos A., Benjamín A. Sañudo, Carlos A. Flórez, and Claudia E. Salazar. "Eficacia de biofungicidas para el manejo de la costra negra (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) de la papa en Nariño, Colombia." Información tecnológica 33, no. 1 (2022): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642022000100279.
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Miličević, Tihomir, and Mladen Zovko. "Pepelnica jagode." Glasnik zaštite bilja 44, no. 3 (2021): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.44.3.10.
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Pepelnica je zadnjih godina postala značajna bolest jagoda u Hrvatskoj. Uzročnik je fitopatogena gljiva Podosphaera aphanis, koje je prije bila poznata pod nazivom Sphaerotheca macularis f. fragariae. Za razliku do većine drugih pepelnica simptomi pepelnice na jagodama ne javljaju se prevenstveno u vidu pepeljaste prevlake, već više u vidu uvijanja listova i crvenila na naličju lista. Za suzbijanje se koriste kemijski erisficidi i biofungicidi. Od biofungicida to su bakteriofungicidi na bazi antagonističkih bakterija Bacillus amyloliquefaciens i Bacillus pumilus te mikofungicidi na bazi antagonističke mikoparazitske gljive Ampelomyces quisqualis.
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Parajuli, Madhav, and Fulya Baysal-Gurel. "Control of Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia Root Rot on Red Maple Using Fungicides and Biofungicides." HortScience 57, no. 10 (2022): 1306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16673-22.
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Phytophthora nicotianae and Rhizoctonia solani are the well-described soilborne pathogens of concern causing Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia root rot, respectively, of red maple plants (Acer rubrum L.), resulting in substantial economic losses to nursery growers. The management of root and crown rot disease of red maple is a big challenge. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of several fungicide and biofungicide products to control Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia root rot on red maple plants in greenhouse conditions. Treatments, including fungicides and biofungicides, and nontreated and inoculated and nontreated and noninoculated as controls were arranged in a completely randomized design with six replications. Red maples planted in number 1 nursery containers were artificially inoculated with P. nicotianae or R. solani. Plant height, plant width, total fresh weight, and root fresh weight were measured and roots were assessed for root rot disease severity based on a scale of 0% to 100% root damaged. The pathogen recovery percentage of plant roots was determined by culturing ten randomly selected root pieces (≈1 cm long) cut from the root tips on Phytophthora selective medium (PARPH-V8) or Rhizoctonia semi-selective medium. All tested fungicides and biofungicides reduced Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia root rot on red maple plants compared with the nontreated and inoculated control. Likewise, pathogen recovery was lower for fungicide-treated and biofungicide-treated plants. Fungicides, such as mefenoxam, oxathiapiprolin, pyraclostrobin plus boscalid, and pyraclostrobin provided the most effective control of Phytophthora root rot. Pyraclostrobin plus boscalid and pyraclostrobin followed by biofungicides Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain T-22 plus T. virens strain G-41 were most effective for suppressing Rhizoctonia root rot. There were no differences in plant height, plant width, plant fresh weight, and root fresh weight among the treatments. These findings will help nursery producers make decisions while formulating soilborne disease management strategies for red maple production.
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Kirillova, N. I., and I. A. Degtyareva. "Test-plant characteristics using modified biofungicides treatment." Agrarian science, no. 12 (December 20, 2023): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-114-117.
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Relevance. The study of test-plants potential consists in determining indicators that reflect the quality of the seed material and its required quantity during production.Methods. The objects of research are modified biofungicides created on the basis of the microscopic fungus Trichoderma viride and natural minerals: diatomite, glauconite, sapropel, zeolite.The evaluation of the characteristics of the test-plant (spring wheat variety Ulyanovsk 105) when treated with modified biofungicides was carried out on the basis of indicators as germination energy and seed germination, biometric data (seedling and root length) and biomass (seedling and root weight).Results. It has been established that seed treatment with the created biofungicides has a positive effect on the germination energy (82.0–96.0%) and germination (87.0–96.0%) of the test plant under study. In all experimental variants, the length of the seedling was on average 11.0% higher compared to the control. The maximum values of this indicator were noted in the variants when the seeds of spring wheat were treated with a biofungicide based on T. viride (by 18.59%), as well as in the complex treatment of T. viride with a zeolite fraction of 0.04 mm (by 21.70%) and with diatomite (by 12.28%). Stimulation of the root system development by 8.71–21.13% was also noted. In all experimental variants, seed treatment with new biofungicides stimulates the formation of test plant biomass. The best values were noted in the variants with the treatment of T. viride and T. viride with zeolite (fraction 0.04 mm), where the weight gain of the seedling to the control is 25.67% and 20.86%, and the root weight is 25.23% and 18.39%, respectively. The use of modified biofungicides based on micromycete T. viride and natural minerals is promising for obtaining environmentally friendly crop products.
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Yunus, Mohammad, Burhanuddin Haji Nasir, Nur Edy, Moh Hibban Toana, Usman Made, and Asgar Taiyeb. "Technology dissemination of Beauveria bassiana bioinsecticide and Trichoderma biofungicide for controlling pests and diseases on shallots." Community Empowerment 7, no. 10 (2022): 1732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.7567.
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Pest and disease attacks are one of the obstacles in increasing shallot production in the Palu Valley, Central Sulawesi. Farmers still rely on the use of synthetic pesticides to control pests and diseases, which results in a high demand for insecticides and fungicides. This community service aims to disseminate pest control technology with the bioinsecticide Beauveria bassiana and disease control with the biofungicide Trichoderma, as well as train farmers to develop and apply it on their farms to solved the problems. The methods applied are training, technology application demonstration plots, coaching, and mentoring. The results of the activity showed that the participants were able to make and develop the bioinsecticide Beauveria bassiana and the biofungicide Trichoderma well. The application of bioinsecticides and biofungicides on demonstration plots reduced the intensity of onion caterpillar attacks and stem rot disease of shallots. With these results, farmers are expected to be able to develop and apply them in their farms.
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Potocnik, Ivana, Emil Rekanovic, Biljana Todorovic, et al. "The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 34, no. 1 (2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1901053p.
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The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.
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Pires, Taynara Gomes, Rafael Roberto Dallegrave Negretti, and Melanie Ivaní Nicolodi. "Efeito da temperatura sobre a capacidade do Trichoderma harzianum parasitar escleródios de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." DELOS: DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE 16, no. 48 (2023): 3168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/rdelosv16.n48-013.
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A doença causada pelo fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum conhecido como mofo-branco é um problema para grande parte dos produtores agrícolas, principalmente em regiões de altitude, alta umidade e temperaturas amenas. A soja é uma das principais culturas afetadas pelo patógeno juntamente a outras culturas de importância econômica. O Trichoderma harzianum está entre os agentes de controle biológico mais estudados e vendidos para manejo de mofo-branco, seja como biofungicidas ou inoculantes de solo. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito das temperaturas 15, 20, 25 e 30 ⁰C sobre a capacidade do Trichoderma ssp. cepa ESALQ 1306 em parasitar escleródios de S. sclerotiorum, e a possibilidade de uso no período de outono-inverno e primavera-verão nas condições climáticas do município de Vacaria-RS. Ocorreu o parasitismo do T. harzianum, cepa ESALQ 1306 sobre escleródios de S. sclerotiorum entre 20 e 30 ºC. Na temperatura de 15 °C não houve parasitismo. O uso do ativo como agente de controle biológico do mofo-branco em Vacaria no período de outono-inverno e grande parte da primavera torna o patógeno inatingível devido às baixas temperaturas. Por outro lado, seu uso nos meses de dezembro a fevereiro aumenta a possibilidade de parasitismo dos escleródios de mofo-branco.
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Ostroukhova, Elena, Irina Peskova, Svetlana Levchenko, Mariya Vyugina, Dmitriy Belash, and Nadezhda Shadura. "The use of a microbiological preparation based on Bacillus subtilis in organic viticulture." BIO Web of Conferences 48 (2022): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224802006.
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In organic farming, microbiological preparations are an alternative to chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The article summarizes the experience of a three-year use of the biofungicide Extrasol in combination with colloidal sulfur in the vineyards of the Crimea. The use of the biofungicides makes it possible to control the development of powdery mildew of grape at the level of chemical plant protection products, including during the years of epiphytoties: on the cv. Bastardo magarachskiy grapes – 7.1–14.7 %, on the Italy grape cultivar – up to 5.2%. The degree of influence of the biofungicide Extrasol on the phenolic and oxidase complex of grapes depends on the background level of development of Uncinula necator and the biological effectiveness of the treatment. In comparison with chemical means of protection, the smallest effect of processing cv. Bastardo magarachskiy grapes with a biological product in relation to the accumulation of phenolic compounds was observed at a level of powdery mildew development of 30-50 %; the maximum increase in the technological reserve of phenolic compounds was 59 %, anthocyanins – 12 %; the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased 1.1–3.3 times. The use of the biofungicide Extrasol on Italian grape cultivar led to an increase in the weight of the bunch by an average of 11 %, yield – by 25.6 %, titratable acids – by 9.6 % relative to chemicals; improved the aroma, taste and texture of the berry.
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Dotulong, Ghea, Stella Umboh, and Johanis Pelealu. "Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 9, no. 2 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.9.2.2019.24416.
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Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: dotulong.ghea@gmail.com Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.
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Dotulong, Ghea, Stella Umboh, and Johanis Pelealu. "Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 9, no. 2 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.9.2.2019.24746.
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Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: dotulong.ghea@gmail.com Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.
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Nasran, Hayatun Syamila, Hidayat Mohd Yusof, Murni Halim, and Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman. "Optimization of Protective Agents for The Freeze-Drying of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 as a Potential Biofungicide." Molecules 25, no. 11 (2020): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112618.
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Anthracnose is a fungal disease causing major losses in crop production. Chemical fungicides widely used in crop plantations to combat fungal infections can be a threat to the environment and humans in the long term. Recently, biofungicides have gained much interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides due to their environmentally friendly nature. Biofungicide products in powder form can be formulated using the freeze-drying technique to provide convenient storage. Protective agent formulation is needed in maintaining the optimal viable cells of biofungicide products. In this study, 8.10 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL was the highest cell viability of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 at 22 h during incubation. The effects of several selected protective agents on the viability of P. polymyxa Kp10 after freeze-drying were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing formulation for the protective agents. The combination of lactose (10% w/v), skim milk (20% w/v), and sucrose (27.5% w/v) was found to be suitable for preserving P. polymyxa Kp10 during freeze-drying. Further, P. polymyxa Kp10 demonstrated the ability to inhibit fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum truncatum and C. gloeosporioides, at 60.18% and 66.52% of inhibition of radial growth, respectively.
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Ghimire, Bikash, Rolando Orellana, Shukti R. Chowdhury, et al. "Assessing Biofungicides and Host Resistance against Rhizoctonia Large Patch in Zoysiagrass." Pathogens 13, no. 10 (2024): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100864.
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Rhizoctonia large patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 LP) significantly reduces turfgrass quality, aesthetics, and playability. Synthetic fungicides are commonly used for managing this disease, but they present high costs, potential for fungicide resistance, and environmental concerns. We conducted in vitro assays to test the effectiveness of three biofungicides, seven synthetic fungicides, and ten combinations against R. solani. We then assessed seven spray programs that included Bacillus subtilis QST713 and propiconazole, either alone or tank-mixed, on zoysiagrass ‘El Toro’ in a growth chamber and in field trials. Biofungicide B. subtilis QST713 reduced pathogen growth by up to 100% in vitro. B. subtilis QST713 alone or combined with synthetic fungicides and/or in rotation was as effective as the standalone synthetic fungicide, reducing disease severity and AUDPC by 81 and 77% (growth chamber) and by 71 and 52% (field), respectively, while maintaining acceptable turfgrass quality. Additionally, we screened zoysiagrass genotypes and advanced breeding lines against three R. solani isolates in growth chamber studies. Five genotypes and two breeding lines demonstrated resistance to Rhizoctonia large patch across isolates, highlighting their potential for developing disease-resistant cultivars. Our findings suggest that integrating biofungicides, resistant cultivars with chemical controls offer sustainable and effective strategies for managing Rhizoctonia large patch
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Homyak, A. I., N. A. Zhevnova, and A. M. Asaturova. "Effect of the Nutrient Medium Composition on the Growth and Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Bacteria Used as the Basis of Experimental Biofungicides for the Green Plant Protection System." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 35 (2021): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2021.35.61.
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The article presents the results of the studies of the influence of the nutrient medium composition for the cultivation of Bacillus bacteria. We compared standard microbiological media and optimized nutrient medium according to criteria such as the number of colony forming units in liquid culture and antifungal activity against the test culture of F. graminearum fungus. It was noted that the number of colony forming units of LC based on the B. subtilis BZR 336g strain on the optimized medium turned out to be significantly higher than on King B media and potato-glucose medium and amounted to (8.7±0.66) x 1010 CFU/ml, for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain titer on an optimized medium was (7.2±0.42) x 1010 CFU/ml. Antifungal activity on an optimized nutrient medium for B. subtilis BZR 336g was strain 83.5%, for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain – 61.1%. We found the positive effect of experimental samples of biofungicides obtained with the help of an optimized nutrient medium on the growth and development of winter wheat plants against the background of artificial infection in a climatic chamber. The treatment of winter wheat seeds with experimental samples of biofungicides ensured biological efficiency from 35.4% to 60.8% with the efficiency of the Kinto Duo chemical standard, KS 38.9%, Fitosporin-M biological standard – 28.9%. It was noted that seed germination in the variant with biofungicide treatment based on the optimized medium was 20-30% higher than in the variants with standard media. Seed treatment with experimental samples of biofungicides obtained on various nutrient media showed a statistically significant increase in the biometric parameters of winter wheat seedlings.
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Landero, Valenzuela Nadia, Ángel Daniel Nieto, Ortiz Daniel Téliz, Rosas Raquel Alatorre, Santos Mario Orozco, and García Carlos Fredy Ortiz. "Potencial antifúngico de extractos de cuatro especies vegetales sobre el crecimiento de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en papaya (Carica papaya) en poscosecha." Revista Venezolana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos 4, no. 1 (2013): 047–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15298052.
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El manejo de antracnosis por <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> es el problema más importante en poscosecha de frutos tropicales. La actividad antifúngica de diferentes extractos vegetales fue evaluada <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo</em> para controlar la antracnosis poscosecha en papaya. Extractos de ajo (<em>Allium sativum</em>) (10 y 15 %) y canela (<em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em>) (0,0050; 0,0100; 0,0150 %) mostraron efecto fungicida en contra de <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> para supresión de crecimiento micelial (100 %), inhibición de germinación (100 %) y esporulación del hongo (100 %), considerándose estos extractos como los más promisorios para inhibir el desarrollo del hongo <em>in vitro</em>. Estudios <em>in vivo</em> también revelaron que los extracto de ajo (11,74 %) y canela a dosis de 0,0054 % aplicada antes y al mismo tiempo de la inoculación con <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>, fueron las dosis óptimas para el control (severidad) de la antracnosis en frutos de papaya artificialmente inoculados, mientras que a mayores dosis la severidad aumentó. La variable fitotoxicidad arrojó resultados consistentes con lo anterior, comprobándose que al aumentar las dosis de extracto de canela se presentó cambio de color en los frutos. Los resultados sugieren la posibilidad de usar estos extractos a dosis adecuadas como biofungicidas para controlar antracnosis en papaya en poscosecha.
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Amaria, Widi, Rita Harni, and Edi Wardiana. "Pengaruh Dosis dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Biofungisida Trichoderma terhadap Infeksi Rigidoporus microporus pada Benih Karet." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 5, no. 2 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v5n2.2018.p49-58.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Biological agents </em>Trichoderma virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> have been developed and examined for their effectiveness through in vitro and in vivo approaches against </em>Rigidoporus microporus<em>, the cause of white root disease (WRD) in rubber. The effectiveness of these bio-agents can be determined by testing the dosage and frequency of </em>Trichoderma <em>spp. biofungicide application. The research aimed to investigate the effective dose and application frequency of </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. biofungicide on </em>R. microporus<em> infection in rubber seedling. The experiment was conducted in laboratory and screen house of Indonesian</em><em> Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from June to December 2014. A randomized block design was used with 14 treatments and 3 replications, i.e biofungicide combination (</em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em>), dosage (25, 50, and 75 g), application frequencies (1 and 2 times application), and two controls (positive and negative). Rubber seedlings used were propellegitiem seeds of GT1 clone planted in polybags. </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. was multiplied using fermentation method in liquid medium, whereas biofungicide was formulated using talc as carrier. Observed variables including </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. population number, incubation period, attack intensity, and WRD attack suppression. The results showed that </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> biofungicides with 50 g/plant dose at one application was the most effective and efficient in suppressing </em>R. microporus<em> development on rubber seedlings. The type, dosage, and frequencies of application increased </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. population in soil, prolonged the pathogen’s incubation period, decreased WRD attack intensity, and suppress the attack of WRD disease.</em>
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Marín, Orlando, Marelis Mass, José Luis Barrera Violeth, and Juana Robles. "Evaluación de extractos vegetales para el control de Mycosphaerella fijiensis en plátano en Tierralta - Córdoba." Temas Agrarios 13, no. 1 (2008): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rta.v13i1.661.
Full textAbstract:
La investigación se realizó en Tierralta - Córdoba, durante los semestres B de 2005 y A de 2006. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos biofungicidas de var ios ext ractos vegetales para el cont rol de Mycosphaerella fijiensis en plátano (Musa AAB). Se establecieron dos experimentos, bajo condiciones de campo (época seca y época lluviosa) en un diseño completamente al azar. En el primer semestre se evaluaron 12 tratamientos (siete extractos vegetales, un caldo microbiológico, tres químicos y un testigo sin protección) con 5 repeticiones, realizándose aplicaciones y evaluaciones quincenales. En el segundo semestre se evaluaron los mejores tratamientos del primer experimento (seis extractos vegetales, el caldo microbiológico, un químico y un testigo sin protección) con aspersiones y evaluaciones semanales. La unidad experimental constó de 10 plantas de siete meses de edad (Inicio de beyoteo), a las cuales se les midió el número de hojas funcionales, hoja más joven enferma (YLI), hoja más joven con síntoma (YLS) e índice de infección (I.I). En el primer experimento la enfermedad mostró sensibilidad a los extractos vegetales de Neem, Limoncillo, Salvia y Limoncillo + Neem superando al testigo en más del 7%. En el segundo experimento los extractos vegetales presentaron un comportamiento similar al testigo químico, con índices de infección entre el 12 y 16%, superando al testigo absoluto en 8%. Se concluye, que a pesar de la efectividad de algunos productos químicos, el interés por conservar el ambiente y la creciente demanda de alimentos más sanos reconoce el control biológico con extractos vegetales como una estrategia de manejo fitosanitario.
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Amaria, Widi, Yulius Ferry, Samsudin Samsudin, and Rita Harni. "Pengaruh Penambahan Gliserol pada Media Perbanyakan terhadap Daya Simpan Biofungisida Trichoderma." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 3, no. 3 (2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2016.p159-166.
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<em>The storage longevity of biofungicide containing </em>Trichoderma virens <em>and</em> T. amazonicum <em>to controll the whithe root diseases (WRD) in rubber plants is important to know to remain effective when applied. The composition of the multiplication medium in the </em>T. virens<em> </em><em><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">dan</span> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> biofungicide can affect the longevity and viability of conidia during storage. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of glycerol addition in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens <em>and</em> T. amazonicum<em> biofungicide during storage. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from January to July 2014. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The biofungicidal formula consisted of: (1) glycerol addition (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens<em> and (2) glycerol addition (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the multiplication medium of </em>T. amazonicum<em>. Each multiplication was mixed with a carrier (talc), dried, then packed in a plastic bag and stored for 4 months. Observations were carried out each month, including: the amount of conidia, </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. population, and water content. The results showed that the addition of glycerol to multiplication medium was able to maintain the viability of </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> and the storage longevity of the biofungicide. The addition of 6% to 9% glycerol in the multiplication medium of </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> showed the highest concentration, yielding conidia up to 7.98 x 10<sup>7 </sup>– 8.59 x 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/g and population abundance of 11.67 x 10<sup>3 </sup>– 14.67 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g in biofungicide stored for 4 months.</em>
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Manylova, Olga V., Stalina V. Zharkova, and Liudmila V. Sokolova. "BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFUNGICIDE METABACTERIN, WP IN THE PROTECTION OF GLYCINE HISPIDA MAXIM., AND PISUM SATIVUM L. FROM ASCOCHITOSIS AND SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. FROM LATE BLIGHT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALTAI OB REGION." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 2 (2022): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-2-312-325.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous application of chemical crop protection products resulted in an agrocenosis imbalance. The number of pathogenic organisms does not decrease. Thus, one needs to search for newer and more effective active ingredients. New disease-resistant varieties quickly lose their resistance due to the high mutation activity of pathogenic organisms. In agriculture, the following fungal diseases are predominant: (1) Septoria blight, (2) Alternaria blight, (3) powdery mildew, (4) late blight, (5) rust, and others. Introducing biofungicides into plant protection systems can help reduce fungal infections in crops. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region, the prospects of using the biofungicide Metabacterin, WP on soybean, pea, and potato crops are shown. The active ingredient in the product is a strain of the bacteria Methylobacterium extorquens Bousfieldand Green (1985), Streptomyces hygroscopicus Yüntsenetal. (19560, Bacillus subtilis Cohn (1872) and Validomycin. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the biofungicide Metabacterin, WP against Ascochyta blight on soybeans and peas, and late blight on potatoes in the forest-steppe of the Ob region of Altai. We evaluated the spreading, development, and biological effectiveness of the tested product and chemical fungicides according to the registration tests of fungicides in agriculture. We tested the product in an area of sufficient moisture. Weather conditions favored the growth and development of plants and the development of pathogens (particularly Ascochyta blight on legume crops and late blight on potatoes). Before the symptom expression of diseases, preventive spraying had greater biological effectiveness on peas and potatoes than treatment on soybeans (where the spraying of crops coincided with the appearance of the first symptoms of diseases). There is a high prevalence of Ascochyta blight (89.3%–90.7%). However, the intensity of development in the variants with biofungicide treatment was 10% lower than in the control variant. The potatoes showed high biological effectiveness of the product Metabacterin, WP, relative to the variant without protective treatment, and 5% higher than the variant with the use of chemical fungicides. The biofungicide Metabacterin, WP on potatoes, and peas had a long-lasting effect up to the ripening of the crop.
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Taktayev, B., I. Podberezko, and T. Oliynyk. "Improvement of an ecologically safe system of control of fungal diseases for growing on the basis of organic farming." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary safety, no. 69 (March 14, 2024): 270–82. https://doi.org/10.36495/phss.2023.69.270-282.
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Goal. To assess the level of effectiveness of the elements of control of fungal diseases in potato agrocenoses for various combinations of biofungicides with biologically active substances and fertilizers, methods of application and the reaction of potatoes of the Myroslav variety to them, for growing on the basis of organic farming. Methods. The following methods were used during the research: field — monitoring of the main diseases of potatoes in field experiments, crop accounting, determination of the effectiveness of combinations of biofungicides with plant growth regulators, organic and organo-mineral fertilizers; laboratory — accounting for damage to tubers by diseases, according to generally accepted methods. Results. In 2021—2022, the Laboratory of Immunity and Plant Protection of the Institute of Potato Breeding of the National Academy of Sciences conducted research on improving the elements of an environmentally safe system of controlling fungal diseases for cultivation based on organic farming. The research used the Myroslav variety of the institute’s selection, biopreparations with insecticidal, fungicidal and growth-regulating action, and organic and organo-mineral fertilizers. The lowest level of Alternaria development was noted in option 9 (treatment of tubers — organic fertilizer + PPR + plant treatment Bactophyt + PPR + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer), the development of the disease was 25.0%, the spread was 35.0 %, and the technical efficiency of the elements protection was 56.7%. It was established that for effective control of the development of common scab, rhizoctoniosis and fusarium dry rot, it is advisable to use a mixture of substances (PPR + organic fertilizer — treatment of tubers + biofungicide + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR — plant treatment), which significantly reduced the level of disease development tubers and limited their spread, compared to control and standards. The yield of potatoes in the variants was higher than in the control (22.5 t/ha) and was in the range of 31.1—42.0 t/ha. The level of the preserved harvest, relative to the control, was in the range of 8.6—19.5 t/ ha. The highest level of yield is 42.0 t/ha, noted in option 9 (organic fertilizer + PPR treatment of tubers + three Bactophyt plant treatments + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR) which, respectively, is 19.5 t/ha higher than the control and by 3.1 t/ha — standard. Conclusions. The use of tank mixtures of biofungicides with growth regulators and fertilizers significantly reduces the level of potato disease development and helps to increase the level of its yield. It has been established that the mixture of drugs (PPR + organic fertilizer — treatment of tubers + biofungicide + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR — plant treatment) is advisable to use to control the development of alternariosis, common scab, rhizoctoniosis and fusarium dry rot, since such a combination is ecologically safe for the environment, at the same time significantly reduces the level of development of fungal diseases and limits their spread, in comparison with control and standards, for growing on the basis of organic farming.
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Taktayev, B., I. Podberezko, and T. Oliynyk. "Improvement of an ecologically safe system of control of fungal diseases for growing on the basis of organic farming." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary safety, no. 69 (March 14, 2024): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2023.69.270-282.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. To assess the level of effectiveness of the elements of control of fungal diseases in potato agrocenoses for various combinations of biofungicides with biologically active substances and fertilizers, methods of application and the reaction of potatoes of the Myroslav variety to them, for growing on the basis of organic farming.
 Methods. The following methods were used during the research: field — monitoring of the main diseases of potatoes in field experiments, crop accounting, determination of the effectiveness of combinations of biofungicides with plant growth regulators, organic and organo-mineral fertilizers; laboratory — accounting for damage to tubers by diseases, according to generally accepted methods.
 Results. In 2021—2022, the Laboratory of Immunity and Plant Protection of the Institute of Potato Breeding of the National Academy of Sciences conducted research on improving the elements of an environmentally safe system of controlling fungal diseases for cultivation based on organic farming. The research used the Myroslav variety of the institute’s selection, biopreparations with insecticidal, fungicidal and growth-regulating action, and organic and organo-mineral fertilizers. The lowest level of Alternaria development was noted in option 9 (treatment of tubers — organic fertilizer + PPR + plant treatment Bactophyt + PPR + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer), the development of the disease was 25.0%, the spread was 35.0 %, and the technical efficiency of the elements protection was 56.7%. It was established that for effective control of the development of common scab, rhizoctoniosis and fusarium dry rot, it is advisable to use a mixture of substances (PPR + organic fertilizer — treatment of tubers + biofungicide + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR — plant treatment), which significantly reduced the level of disease development tubers and limited their spread, compared to control and standards. The yield of potatoes in the variants was higher than in the control (22.5 t/ha) and was in the range of 31.1—42.0 t/ha. The level of the preserved harvest, relative to the control, was in the range of 8.6—19.5 t/ ha. The highest level of yield is 42.0 t/ha, noted in option 9 (organic fertilizer + PPR treatment of tubers + three Bactophyt plant treatments + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR) which, respectively, is 19.5 t/ha higher than the control and by 3.1 t/ha — standard.
 Conclusions. The use of tank mixtures of biofungicides with growth regulators and fertilizers significantly reduces the level of potato disease development and helps to increase the level of its yield. It has been established that the mixture of drugs (PPR + organic fertilizer — treatment of tubers + biofungicide + organic and organo-mineral fertilizer + PPR — plant treatment) is advisable to use to control the development of alternariosis, common scab, rhizoctoniosis and fusarium dry rot, since such a combination is ecologically safe for the environment, at the same time significantly reduces the level of development of fungal diseases and limits their spread, in comparison with control and standards, for growing on the basis of organic farming.
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Yusuf, Evi Silvia, Waqiah Nuryani, Ika Djatnika, Hanudin, Suhardi, and Budi Winarto. "Potensi Beberapa Fungisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Karat Putih (Puccinia horiana Henn.) dan Perbaikan Mutu Krisan." Jurnal Hortikultura 22, no. 4 (2016): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p385-391.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan patogen penting penyebab penyakit karat putih yang menimbulkan kerugian signifikan dalam budidaya krisan, baik bunga potong atau tanaman pot. Aplikasi fungisida sintetik yang sering diandalkan oleh petani dan pengusaha tidak hanya memerlukan biaya yang lebih mahal, namun juga berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan fungisida nabati yang lebih murah dan ramah terhadap lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif pemecahannya. Beberapa fungisida nabati seperti Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E berbahan aktif minyak atsiri cengkih, nimba, kayu manis, serai wangi, dan asam salisilat telah diproduksi dan dikomersialisasikan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Aplikasi fungisida tersebut diduga berpengaruh positif dalam menekan penyakit karat putih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keefektifan empat produk fungisida nabati tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit karat putih dan meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Plastik di Poncokusumo, Malang, Jawa Timur sejak Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 3 ml/l untuk Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E, serta 1,5 ml/l Amistartop 35 EC sebagai kontrol positif dan air sebagai kontrol negatif. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua fungisida nabati yang diuji efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat pada krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menurut uji statistik memiliki kemampuan yang sebanding dengan Amistartop. Penurunan intensitas karat putih oleh perlakuan Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, dan Amistartop berturut-turut sebesar 49; 37,74; 32,43; 29,78; dan 48,33%. Aplikasi Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter bunga, dan vaselife bunga. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat untuk petani dan pengusaha dalam menurunkan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan pengusaha karena harga keempat biofungisida murah dan tanpa dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian lingkungan.</p><p> </p><p>Controlling white rust disease (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum with some biofungicides P. horiana Henn. is important pathogen causing white rust disease that may lead to a significant lost in chrysanthemum cultivation (both for cut flower and pot plant). Synthetic fungicide commonly applied by farmers are causing not only high production costs, but also endangering the environment. Confronting to this situation, the use of biofungicide that are considered cheaper and more environmental friendly has become a relevant and promising alternative. Several biofungicides such as Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E with active ingredient of clove oil, neem, cinnamon, citronella, and salicylic acid have been commersialized by the Indonesian Medical and Spice Crops Research Institute. In this study those biofungicides were hypothesized to have great potential in control the white rust disease. The main objective of this study was to obtain information regarding the efficacy of four biofungicides in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Plastichouse in Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java from January to December 2010 by using Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana as planting materials. The treatments were consisted of 3 ml/l application of Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E 1.5 ml/l application of difenokonazol + azoxistrobin (Amistartop 35 EC) as a positive control and water as negative control. The experiment was set up using a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that all tested biofungicides were quite effective in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum and had similar effectiveness in reducing disease intensity compared to Amistartop. Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, and Amistartop had been able to reduce the white rust disease intensity by 49; 37.74; 32.43; 29.78; and 48.33% respectively. In the meantime, those biofungicides did not show significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, flower diameter, and flower vaselife. The use of biofungicides seems potentially promising to increase farmers income because the price of biofungicides were cheap and maintain environmental sustainability.</p>
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Trejo-Raya, Ariadna Berenice, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Romero, Silvia Bautista-Baños, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa, Ramón Villanueva-Arce, and Enrique Durán-Páramo. "Effective In Vitro Control of Two Phytopathogens of Agricultural Interest Using Cell-Free Extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Chitosan." Molecules 26, no. 21 (2021): 6359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216359.
Full textAbstract:
A biofungicide is a natural product that can be derived from various sources such as, among others, microorganisms, higher plants, animal products, phytochemicals, semiochemicals, and antagonist microorganisms. One of the most important approaches for the production of biofungicides is the combination of biocontrol agents. This study showed the inhibition growth of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani treated with cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens. Using thin-layer chromatography and plate assays it was also demonstrated that the cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens contained siderophores and derivates of 4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazine. Moreover, the combination of cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens and chitosan [50–1.5% (v/v)] had a synergistic effect since they notably inhibited the mycelial growth of A. altenata and F. solani. Various morphological alterations to the mycelia and conidia of the treated fungi as a result of this combination were also observed. The present study could be a starting point to control other fungal phytopathogens using different cell-free extracts and chitosan as biocontrol agents.
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Tenena, Silue, Amari Ler-NOgn Dade George Elisees, Tuo Seydou, et al. "COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FOUR FORMULATIONS BASED ON AROMATIC PLANT EXTRACT AND A SYNTHETIC FUNGICIDE AGAINST MYCOSPHAERELLA FIJIENSISMORELETCAUSAL AGENT OF BLACK LEAF STREAK DISEASE (BLSD), IN INDUSTRIAL DESSERT BANANA PRODUCTION." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (2022): 1339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14347.
Full textAbstract:
Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensisa an ascomycete fungus is the most important foliar disease ofbananas (Musa sp.). Losses due to this pathogen can exceed 50% in case of no resistant cultivars and effective treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four biopesticides on the severity of Mycosphaerella fijiensis. It was conducted under natural infestation conditions in the industrial dessert banana plantation of the Agricultural Company KablanJoublin (SAKJ) at Elima (Aboisso). To make it possible some phytopathological, growth and agronomic parameters of banana plants were evaluated. The results showed that banana trees of plots treated with biopesticides had identical characteristics, about all the assessed parameters, with those of plots treated with the chemical fungicide. In addition, applications of biofungicide contributed to protecting banana leaves, slowed down the onset of necrotic first stage and significantly reduced the disease infestation level in the parcels. The use of aromatic plant essential oils-based biofungicides could be suggested as an ecological efficient solution to dessert banana and plantain producers against Mycosphaerella fijiensis responsible for the black leaf streak disease.
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Blundell, Robert, and Akif Eskalen. "Biological and chemical pruning wound protectants reduce infection of grapevine trunk disease pathogens." California Agriculture 75, no. 3 (2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.2021a0018.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently considered some of the most important challenges for viticulture, curtailing vineyard longevity and productivity in nearly every raisin, table and wine grape production region in California and worldwide. Pruning wounds provide the main entry point for fungal pathogens responsible for these diseases; pathogens enter the wounds following precipitation events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected chemical and experimental biological fungicides for protection of pruning wounds against two of the most common and virulent fungal pathogens causing GTDs: Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum. This study was conducted on sauvignon blanc at the UC Davis Department of Plant Pathology Field Station. Results showed that several chemical and biological fungicides, notably the chemical fungicide Luna Sensation, the biofungicide Vintec and a combination of the biofungicides Bio-Tam and CrabLife Powder, provided significant protection against at least one of the two canker pathogens used in this study. However, the majority of products tested did not provide simultaneous control of both E. lata and N. parvum pathogens, highlighting the continuing challenge of controlling GTDs.
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Puspitasari, Etika Dyah, Destri Ratna Ma’rifah, and Sabirin Matsjeh. "Potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extract from Eupatorium odoratum and Morinda citrifolia plants as Fusarium Oxysporum fungicide." BIO Web of Conferences 148 (2024): 01024. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414801024.
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Fusarium oxysporum is a significat plant pathogen that affects various crops. Fusarium causing diseases and substantial agricultural losses. This research aims to determine the effect of methanol extract and ethyl acetate of Eupatorium odoratum (roots, leaves and stem) and Morinda citrifolia (fruits, leaves and twig) plants on the growth of fusarium fungi. To determine the optimal extract concentration to inhibit fungal growth. This research is a factorial study with independent variables in the form of extract type, ingredients of plant (root, leaves, stem and twig) and differences in concentration. The activity of the extract as a biofungicide was analyzed based on the fungal growth inhibition zone. The results were analyzed using Anava and continued with the Duncan test. The results of the research show that methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Morinda citrifolia have potential as biofungicides for the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The root of Eupatorium odoratum and the fruit of Morinda citrifolia ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 80% is optimum inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum.
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Mitrovic, Ivana, Jovana Grahovac, Jelena Dodic, Zorana Roncevic, and Mila Grahovac. "Effect of aeration on production of biofungicide using Streptomyces hygroscopicus." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 139 (2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2039039m.
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Apple fruit diseases caused by phytopathogenic species of the genus Alternaria have become current in recent years in Serbia as well as in other parts of the world. Due to the fact that pesticides have a number of side effects on the environment and human health, scientists around the world are concerned with finding alternative ways to control this important food. Usage of microorganisms, optimization of the medium and process conditions for their cultivation and production of biofungicides are the actual research direction. The effect of aeration on biofungicide production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus was studied in a 3 l stirred tank bioreactor using a previously optimized cultivation medium with glycerol as a carbon source. Aeration rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm with constant agita?tion speed of 100 rpm were studied. It was found that the greatest production of antifungal metabolites effective against two Alternaria alternata isolates occurred with an aeration of 1.5 vvm and an agitation speed of 100 rpm. Statistical analysis showed that the largest inhi?bition zone diameters of A. alternata KA10 (78 mm) and T1Jg3 (78.67 mm) mycelial growth were achieved under the indicated conditions in 96 h of cultivation.
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Casonato, Seona. "Fruit drop in two kiwifruit varieties and the use of two Bacillus-based biofungicides." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 27, 2019): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.288.
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Recently, fruit drop in two green varieties of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa; VarA and VarB) has increased towards the harvest date. The efficacy of two biofungicides, applied post-flowering, to ameliorate the effects of early fruit drop in VarA and VarB during the 2017–18 growing season was tested. Treatments were applied to a single bay, with buffer bays and rows adjacent. Treatments were two different Bacillus-based biofungicide products; Serenade® Max (a.i. B. subtilis QST713 strain) and Triple-X® (a.i. B. amyloliquefaciens BS 1b). There was an untreated control. All fruits in the canopy, within the treated bay, were counted and recorded at 4-weekly intervals, over 5 months until harvest. At the VarA site, there was no statistical difference (P>0.1) in the percentage of fruit drop between the control (7%), Triple-X® (5%) and Serenade® Max (10%) treated vines. At the VarB site, fruit drop differed statistically (P<0.1) between Triple-X® treated vines (5%) and the control (10.5%), with Serenade® Max treated vines (6.5%) having intermediate fruit drop. The use of Triple-X® may be an option to assist with reducing fruit drop in kiwifruit.
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C. L., Anuagasi, Okigbo R. N, and Anukwuorji C. A. "Biological Control of Post Harvest Rot-Inducing Fungi of White Yam Tubers (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in Storage with Antagonistic Biofungicides." Acta Botanica Plantae 3, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/abp.2024.03.02.01.
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An antagonistic study was carried out to assess the potential inhibitory capability of Biofungicides of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas syringae, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma viride as biocontrol agents against rot-inducing fungi of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) tubers in storage. Rot-inducing fungi and Biofungicides used for control were isolated using standard methods. A pathogenicity test was also carried out to ascertain whether the fungi induced rot or not in healthy yam tubers. culture method was used to evaluate the effects of biofungicides. Biofungicides each paired with the pathogenic test fungi served as treatments. Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium Spp were the fungi consistently isolated from rotted yam samples. All fungi identified were pathogenic hence, induced rot in healthy yam tubers after 14 days of inoculation. The most virulent was Aspergillus niger. The degree of rot was evaluated by calculating the percentage inhibition by the Biofungicides. Inhibition of rot ranged from 13.16±0.070a-48.67±0.045a% in Bacillus subtilis to 12.95±0.288a-40.16±0.058a% in Trichoderma viride when paired with the pathogenic test fungi. This study revealed that the Biofungicides have potential to control rot in post-harvest yams. Overall, Bacillus subtilis was the most effective Biofungicides in controlling the pathogenic test fungi. Inference of this study showed that the use of Biofungicides as biocontrol agents is an economically viable way of suppressing post-harvest rot of white yam.
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Chen, Huijie, Shuang Zhao, Kaikai Zhang, et al. "Evaluation of Soil-Applied Chemical Fungicide and Biofungicide for Control of the Fusarium Wilt of Chrysanthemum and Their Effects on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiota." Agriculture 8, no. 12 (2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120184.
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Chemical fungicides are a frequently used intervention for the control of the Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum, but are no longer considered environmentally friendly. However, the biofungicides offer one of the best alternatives to reduce the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, a series of two-year greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the soil-applied chemical fungicide (dazomet, DZ) and biofungicide (biocontrol agent combined with B. subtilis NCD-2, BF) for controlling the Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum and its effects on rhizosphere soil microbiota. The results indicated that DZ and BF showed good control efficacy of Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum in the two-year application evaluation. However, the DZ treatment significantly decreased the soil catalase and urease activities compared with the control, while BF showed a significant increase in bacterium/fungus ratios (B/F), soil urease and acid phosphatase activities. Abundances of potential plant pathogens F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia zeae and Rhizoctonia solani were also lower, while potential plant-growth-promoting micro-organisms like the Rhizobiales bacterium and Mariniflexile sp. were higher in the BF treatment than in the control. Our findings suggested that the overall effect of the soil biota on chrysanthemum growth was more positive and stronger in the BF treatment than in the DZ treatment.
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Mulyani, R. B., A. A. Djaya, I. L. Silitonga, L. Supriati, Padriyani, and Melhanah. "The Role Antagonistic Fungus of Solanum lasiocarpum Rhizophere to Control Chili Seed Borne Pathogen In Vitro." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1421, no. 1 (2024): 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1421/1/012013.
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Abstract Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a pathogen that can be carried by chili seeds. Control usually uses synthetic fungicides, but this can have negative impacts on the environment, human health and resistance to pathogenic fungi. A more environmentally friendly and safe control alternative is to use a biofungicide made from antagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Terong Asam (Solanum lapiocarpum Dunal). The research was carried out in vitro using dual culture method, namely testing the pathogen C. gloeosporioides against the antagonistic fungi Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, and Penicillium sp. the rhizosphere of Terong Asam. The results showed that all fungi obtained could inhibit the growth of the C. gloeosporioides seven days after isolation with different percentages of inhibition. High category of antagonistic activity has in Penicillium sp. (68.53%), T. asperellum (67.77%), T. hamatum and T. harzianum (66.27%) each, while other species showed low antagonist activity, namely A. flavus (40.63%), A. niger (33.58%), and A. terreus (28.70%). The difference of the inhibitory power is determined by the activity of antagonistic fungal mechanisms controlling pathogens, namely competition for growth sites and nutrients, antibiosis compounds produced and mycoparasitism. Antagonistic fungi that have high potential activity are used as biofungicides seed treatment to control C. gloeosporioides which infects seeds.
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Алексеева, К. Л. "Biofungicides in vegetable crops of open field protection." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2022.34.66.001.
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Основные преимущества биофунгицидов по сравнению с химическими средствами защиты растений – безопасность для человека и окружающей среды, малые сроки ожидания и возможность применения на протяжении всего периода вегетации, отсутствие рисков появления устойчивых рас патогенов, создание условий для естественной саморегуляции агроценозов. Многие биопрепараты обладают комплексным защитно-стимулирующим действием, сдерживают развитие широкого спектра патогенов, предотвращают массовое поражение растений, способствуют усилению ростовых процессов и повышению продуктивности. Применение биофунгицидов в системах биологической защиты растений экономически эффективно, обеспечивает повышение урожайности на 25–30% и позволяет получать экологически безопасную продукцию. В статье отражены результаты исследований эффективности применения биофунгицидов против корневых гнилей салата листового и фузариоза капусты белокочанной в условиях Московской области. Установлено, что в биологической системе защиты салата от корневых гнилей наиболее эффективно совместное применение биофунгицидов Трихоцин (пролив почвы перед посевом, норма расхода 80 г/га) и Алирин-Б (трехкратный подлив под корень с интервалом 10 дней, норма расхода 120 л/га). Против фузариоза капусты наибольшая биологическая эффективность 76,1–80,4% была отмечена на вариантах с применением биофунгицидов Витаплан (предпосевная обработка семян 0,2 г/л и четырехкратное опрыскивание растений после высадки в поле с интервалом 10 дней, 80 г/га) и Трихоцин (подлив под корень после высадки рассады, 80 г/га). Обработки биофунгицидами способствовали сохранению урожая от потерь и обеспечили повышение урожайности салата на 17,6–29,4% к контролю, урожайности капусты – на 10,3-12,7% к контролю. The main advantages of biofungicides in comparison with chemical pesticides are safety for humans and the environment, short waiting times and the possibility of use throughout the growing season, the absence of risks of the emergence of resistant pathogen races, the creation of conditions for natural self-regulation of agrocenoses. Many biological products have a complex protective and stimulating effect, restrain the development of a wide range of pathogens, prevent mass damage to plants, enhance growth processes and increase productivity. The use of biofungicides in biological plant protection systems is cost-effective, provides an increase in yield by 25–30% and allows you to obtain environmentally safe products. The article presents the effect of biofungicides against root rot of leaf lettuce and fusarium of white cabbage in Moscow region. It was found that the most effective technology оf protection of leaf lettuce from root rot is the combinated use of biofungicides. Trichocin was used by soil spilling before sowing with consumption rate 80 g/ha and Alirin-B – by three-fold gravy under the root in the interval of 10 days with consumption rate 120 l/ha. The most notable biological efficiency of 76.1–80.4% against fusarium of white cabbage, was recorded on variants with use of Vitaplan (before sowing treatment of seeds by 0.2 g/l and 4-fold spraying of plants after planting them in the field with an interval of 10 days by 80 g/ha) and Trichocin (gravy under the root after planting seedlings, 80 g/ha). As a result of biofungicide treatments the cultivated crops were preserved from losses. At the same time the studied technologies ensured an increase of leaf lettuce yield by 17.6–29.4% to control as well as of white cabbage yield by 10.3–12.7% to control.
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Amaria, Widi, Funny Soesanthy, and Yulius Ferry. "Keefektifan Biofungisida Trichoderma sp. dengan Tiga Jenis Bahan Pembawa terhadap Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 3, no. 1 (2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2016.p37-44.
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<em>The effectiveness of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp </em><em>as biocontrol for white root disease is determined by the environment, thus it is best applied as biofungicide. The application of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. with </em><em>suitable carrier is expected to suppress pathogen (</em>Rigidoporus microporus<em>) in rubber seedlings. The objective of th</em><em>e research was to study the effectiveness of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. biofungicide </em><em>with three types of carriers in controlling white root disease in rubber seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from July to December 2013. The experiment used a factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is 4 types of </em>Trichoderma<em>, namely </em>Trichoderma virens<em>, </em>T. hamatum<em>,</em><em> </em>T. amazonicum<em>,</em><em> dan </em>T. atroviride<em> whereas the second factor is the three types of carrier, namely molasses, compost, and talc. The biofungicide were made of four species of </em>Trichoderma<em> and the three carriers thus resulting in 12 biofungicides. The spora population of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. </em><em>was </em><em>10<sup>8 </sup>spores/ml from which then 100 ml or gram applied on each plant. Rubber seedlings used were of AVROS 2037 clones, 3 months old clone-grafted seedlings grown in polybag. Observations were on the incubation stage, the intensity of the white root disease attack, the disease suppression, and the population of </em>Trichoderma<em> sp. in soil. </em><em>The results showed no interactions between types of </em>Trichoderma<em> with types of carrier. The four </em>Trichoderma<em> species studied had similar suppressing effectivity on white root disease in rubber seedlings. Talc, compost, and molasses increased the </em>Trichoderma <em>sp. growth but talc was shown had the highest effectivity in suppressing the disease. </em>
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Barros-Rodríguez, Adoración, Pamela Pacheco, María Peñas-Corte, et al. "Comparative Study of Bacillus-Based Plant Biofertilizers: A Proposed Index." Biology 13, no. 9 (2024): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13090668.
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The market for bacteria as agricultural biofertilizers is growing rapidly, offering plant-growth stimulants; biofungicides; and, more recently, protectors against extreme environmental factors, such as drought. This abundance makes it challenging for the end user to decide on the product to use. In this work, we describe the isolation of a strain of Bacillus velezensis (belonging to the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) for use as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, a biofungicide, and a protector against drought. To compare its effectiveness with other commercial strains of the same operational group, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, we analyzed its ability to promote the growth of pepper plants and protect them against drought, as well as its fungicidal activity through antibiosis and antagonism tests, its ability to solubilize potassium and phosphates, and its ability to produce siderophores. Finally, we used a probit function, a type of regression analysis used to model the outcomes of analyses, to quantify the biostimulatory effectiveness of the different plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, developing what we have called the Agricultural Protection Against Stress Index, which allowed us to numerically compare the four commercial strains of the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, based on a Delphi method—a type of regression analysis that can be used to model a cumulative normal distribution—and integrate the results from our panel of tests into a single value.
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Degtyareva, E. A., K. A. Vinogradova, A. V. Aleksandrova, V. A. Filonenko, and P. A. Kozhevin. "Soil actinomycetes as potential biofungicides." Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin 64, no. 2 (2009): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147687409020045.
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Sabluk, V. T., V. M. Sinchenko, and P. V. Furman. "Biofungicides against kidney bean diseases." Bioenergy, no. 1 (May 5, 2024): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47414/be.2024.no1.pp14-15.
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Purpose. Establishing the efficiency of bio-fungicides against diseases of kidney bean. Methods. Field (spraying crops with bio-fungicides), mathematical and statistical (determination of the significance of deviations between treatments). Results. Spraying kidney bean crops with fungicides of biological origin helps to protect plants from significant damage by such dangerous diseases as powdery mildew, anthracnose, and rust. In particular, in the treatment with the application of bio-fungicides Phytohelp and Mycohelp, the efficiency of powdery mildew control was 65.0-66.3%, the efficiency of anthracnose and rust control was 41.0-41.2% and 47.6-59.8%, respectively, which was slightly (by 3.4-12.8%) lower compared to spraying crops with synthetic fungicides Derosal 500 SC. The yield of kidney bean seeds in the treatments with bio-fungicides was 8.9-9.6% higher compared to the control and 1.1-1.8% lower compared to the standard method. The use of bio-fungicides against kidney bean diseases complies with the European Green Deal on protecting the environment from chemical pollution. Conclusions. Damage to kidney bean crops by diseases leads to a decrease in the assimilation surface of plants and a decrease in the intensity of photosynthesis. The application of bio-fungicides, the composition of which includes fungi and bacteria, contributes to a significant reduction in the damage to the above-ground part of plants by such diseases as powdery mildew, anthracnose, and rust and to the preservation of a significant share of the crop yield.