Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biogas utilisation'
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Lamond, Alexander Robert. "Techno-economic and carbon emissions analysis of biogas utilisation systems in the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50376/.
Full textSamuel, Adam. "Biogas upgrading and solvent regeneration in monoethanolamine and ionic liquids for carbon dioxide utilisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9364/.
Full textRojas, Devia Carolina. "Biogaz en vue de son utilisation en production d'énergie : séparation des siloxanes et du sulfure d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824324.
Full textLaperrière, Wendy. "Évaluation des limites d'un digesteur biogaz pour une utilisation flexible dans un réseau local de production d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT068/document.
Full textWith the increasing share of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mix, some stability problems are expected in the grid. The solution consists in using biogas as buffer energy. Biogas can be stored, then used on-demand. As the storage is limited, biogas production should be flexible. The aim of this thesis was to study and determine the limits of anaerobic reactors in a flexible operation. Three 15L reactors, fed with three different mixtures of two solid substrates, were fed for 550 days in flexible operation. It was demonstrated in this thesis that flexible operation with one-off overloads had no negative impact on methane production on long-term. The flexibility was defined as the margin between the maximum production on a reactor and its baseload production. It was strongly influenced by the baseload of the reactor and the substrates used in overloads, but not by the intensity of the overloads applied. The use of readily degradable substrates in overloads allowed a maximum production of 1 to 1.2 LCH4/Lreactor.d to be achieved in the first 24 hours, even in reactors fed mainly with manure, leading to flexibility ranging from +92 to + 150%. This ceiling depends on the rate of hydrolysis of the substrates. It can be increased by using compounds that are of a simpler structure (glycerol for example). An operational strategy ready to be validated on pilot plants has been defined; it specifies the approach for the determination of the maximum production and the level of the baseload to be adopted, for an optimal flexibilization of the methane production on CSTRs. A simple model, based on two degradation rates, has also been developed to simulate flexible operation of anaerobic reactors
Laycock, Christian J. "Studies into carbon deposition and sulphur tolerance of nickel catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane : Implications for biogas utilisation." Thesis, Keele University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530766.
Full textTramoni, Félicien. "Analyse du traitement et de la gestion durable des boues d’épuration en Corse. Proposition de solutions énergétiques alternatives, axées sur la méthanisation des boues avec production d’énergies, aux méthodes appliquées en Corse. Utilisation de l’outil d’aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre du surclassement de ces nouveaux procédés." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0019.
Full textSludge quality is directly related to the quality of of these processing steps present in a water treatment plant. In terms of treatment and disposal of sludge, we observe on the part of local actors, a willingness to permanent and lasting abandonment of the sector 'deposit in storage centre'', given a regional plans and regulations (including the PREDIS Corsica), increasingly demanding in terms of valuations of industrial and special waste. We also observe a gradual and planned abandonment of practices for spreading. Indeed, the spreading of sewage sludge is the subject of widespread controversy which highlights the health and environmental risks it would lead to agricultural soils. In our region, this practice is not carried out regulatory manner. In Corsica, the local actors seem to have opted for the solution of compost to enhance the production of sewage sludge. Nearly 2/3 of the annual tonnage MS sludge is currently valued via this pathway. The composting process is equivalent to an aerobic fermentation involving a multitude of microorganisms. This composting stream, as well as spreading, experienced strong expansion of its business but seems to have flaws and limitations: problems with odors; regulatory increasingly demanding; and finally overproduction unsaleable compost to the views of the application.Another solution could present higher advantages: anaerobic digestion with production of electricity and heat from cogeneration. . This energy production go through the biogas produced by this system. Indeed, the biogas is a mixture containing mostly methane (50 – 70 %) and carbon dioxide. Due to a high concentration of methane, biogas is a good energy supplier (1m3 biogas has a calorific value 6 kWh equivalent to 0.6 liters of fuel). To generate electricity, the anaerobic digestion process must be coupled to an engine cogeneration or several microturbines. EDF has the obligation to purchase electricity at a price ranging between 11 and 14 euro cents/kwh. After 15 years, the redemption of the kwh produced is done at the rate offered by EDF.In Corsica, only a treatment plant is equipped with a digester coupled in series to five microturbines, producing heat and electricity cogeneration: The wastewater treatment plant at Campo Dell'Oro /Ajaccio. This energy recovery process could be improved with an eventual replacement of the microtubines by a cogeneration engine. An AMCDP allowed to outperform this technology towards microturbines, much less efficient in terms of performance.The equipment of the highest capacity treatment plants in Corsica, digesters associated with a cogeneration engine could be a lasting solution to the problem of energy recovery of sewage sludge
Navrátil, Petr. "Čištění bioplynu pomocí metody PSA (adsorpce za měnícího se tlaku)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231509.
Full textBoot-Handford, Matthew. "The utilisation of biomass as a fuel for chemical looping combustion." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38554.
Full textGaus-Liu, Xiaoyang. "High-temperature chlorine corrosion during co-utilisation of coal with biomass or waste." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988382555/04.
Full textSaint-Joly, Claude. "Vers une amélioration de la rentabilité des installations de biogaz : modélisation technico-économique de la production : utilisation et contribution à la connaissance du procédé en discontinu." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT005A.
Full textTuomikoski, S. (Sari). "Utilisation of gasification carbon residues:activation, characterisation and use as an adsorbent." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205984.
Full textTiivistelmä Kaasutus on tehokas tapa hyödyntää biomassaa sähkön- ja lämmöntuotannossa. Kaasutuksessa muodostuu jätteenä hiilijäännöstä, jonka hyödyntäminen on tärkeää kaasutusprosessin kustannustehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Myös nykyinen lainsäädäntö asettaa vaatimuksia jätemateriaalien hyödyntämiselle. Aktiivihiiltä on tyypillisesti käytetty mm. jäteveden sekä kaasujen puhdistukseen. Aktiivihiili on kuitenkin kallista ja sen valmistaminen on energiaa kuluttava prosessi, mikä rajoittaa sen käyttöä. Tämän vuoksi tarvitaan uutta tietoa myös kustannustehokkaampien adsorbenttien valmistamiseen soveltuvista vaihtoehtoisista biomassapohjaisista raaka-aineista. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli aluksi määrittää puun kaasutuksessa muodostuneen hiilijäännöksen fysikaalisia ja kemiallisia ominaisuuksia, joiden tunteminen on tärkeää arvioitaessa soveltuvia hyödyntämiskohteita kyseiselle tuntemattomalle jätemateriaalille. Referenssinäytteinä käytettiin polttolaitoksilla muodostunutta lentotuhkaa. Hiilijäännöksen ominaisuuksien perusteella se voisi olla soveltuva adsorbentti, mutta aktivointi tai modifiointi on välttämätöntä hiilijäännöksen adsorptiokapasiteetin parantamiseksi. Työn toinen tavoite oli parantaa hiilijäännöksen adsorptio-ominaisuuksia fysikaalisesti ja kemiallisesti aktivoimalla tai kemiallisesti modifioimalla. Tulosten perusteella adsorptio-ominaisuuksia voidaan parantaa parhaiten käyttämällä sinkkikloridia kemiallisessa aktivoinnissa, hiilidioksidia fysikaalisessa aktivoinnissa ja rautakloridia kemiallisessa modifioinnissa, jolloin valmistettujen adsorbenttien ominaispinta-alat olivat 285, 590 ja 52 m2 g-1. Työn kolmas tavoite oli tutkia valmistettujen adsorbenttien adsorptiokykyä anionien poistossa laboratoriomittakaavassa. Kemiallisesti aktivoitu hiilijäännös poistaa tehokkaasti fosfaattia, fysikaalisesti aktivoitu fosfaattia ja nitraattia ja kemiallisesti modifioitu hiilijäännös on hyvä sorbentti sulfaatinpoistossa. Adsorptiokokeissa määritettiin optimaalinen alku pH ja alkukonsentraatio ja lisäksi tutkittiin ajan vaikutusta adsorptioon. Tulosten perusteella tehtiin kinetiikkamallinnusta sekä isotermianalyysi
Saint-Joly, Claude. "Vers une amélioration de la rentabilité des installations de biogaz modélisation technico-économique de la production/utilisation et contribution à la connaissance du procédé en discontinu /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618394h.
Full textGirka, Quentin. "Synthèse de dérivés furaniques à partir de biomasse et leur utilisation pour la synthèse de tensioactifs gemini." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS016/document.
Full textDue to stricter reglementations and the development of public opinion, surfactants synthesized from biomass are becoming increasingly interesting. However, the structural diversity of these compounds is still too low to compete with the products synthesized from fossil resources. In order to increase the diversity of available structures, we focused on common furanic building blocks, such as 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), which are synthesized form carbohydrates. Firstly, we optimized a new and innovative synthesis of DFF. This method allowed us to use neither transition metal catalysts nor ionic liquids. The system we used to convert complex substrates, such as starch, relies on boric acid, sodium bromide and formic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Boric acid plays a key role in this system. It is involved in the biomass deconstruction, glucose to fructose isomerization and HMF formation. Sodium bromide in DMSO promotes the oxidation to DFF and formic acid increases the rate of this step. By using this system, we were able to synthesized DFF from glucose at multigram scale with 20% yield. After optimization of the synthesis, we investigated the oxidation mechanism. The second part of this work was focused on the conversion of DFF into new gemini surfactants. At the end of a five steps transformation, zwitterionic products were obtained with 50% yield. These gemini type compounds shows interesting properties such as very low critical micellar concentration which are similar to these measured for already reported gemini surfactants
Fan, Weigang. "Utilisation du HMF en réactions multicomposantes : Accès rapide vers de nouvelles cibles en chimie fine." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI022/document.
Full textRecently, the production of chemicals, either bulk or fine chemicals, from renewable biomass has attracted growing interests due to the dwindling reserve of fossil resources and the increasing awareness of environmental concerns. Some chemicals with a structure able to generate a number of derivatives, and able to be directly produced from biomass, are referred to as bio-based “platform chemicals”, and constitute the bridge between biomass and down-stream chemicals. Among these chemicals, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), bearing an aldehyde group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a furan moiety, is the most popular one. However, its limited stability obstructs its applications in organic synthesis. Thus, developing mild and efficient synthetic routes towards existing or novel fine chemicals from HMF is still a challenging task. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are powerful synthetic tools allowing the straightforward formation of elaborated molecules from simple starting materials in a time- and step-saving manner. Among MCRs, many involve the aldehyde as one of the reactive components, making HMF as a potential interesting substrate in such strategies. This thesis aims at exploring the use of HMF in MCRs to provide novel fine chemicals, focusing on two reactions, namely the Biginelli and Kabachnik-Fields reactions. The Biginelli reaction is a condensation of an aldehyde, a dicarbonyl compound and urea. Although it is an old reaction, it is still showing thriving vitality, as many of its products, namely dihydropyrimidinones, exhibit various biological properties. We have investigated the reaction by choosing proper conditions to adapt to HMF, notably with respect to acidic conditions. The best conditions found for the reaction are the use of ZnCl2 as a mild Lewis acid catalyst without any solvent, giving access to new dihydropyrimidinones in modest to good yields. The Kabachnik-Fields reaction is a one-pot condensation of aldehydes, amines and dialkyl phosphites, and is considered as the most efficient and convenient approach to a-aminophosphonates. For the specific case of HMF, we could establish that the best conditions were the use of iodine as a catalyst in the bio-based solvent 2-MeTHF and room or moderately elevated temperature. Using these optimized conditions, a wide range of HMF-based a-aminophosphonates were prepared in modest to excellent yields. The hydroxymethyl group persisting in HMF-based a-aminophosphonates offers the possibilities of further modification and derivatization, illustrating the benefit of HMF as compared to furfural, for accessing a wider scope of chemical structures
Arnal, Gregory. "Discovery and characterization of biomass-degrading enzymes and enzyme sytems in termite gut microbial ecosystems." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0040.
Full textThis thesis was performed in the context of the Futurol project, a French national project that aims at producing bioethanol from plant biomass such as wood and cereal straw. To reach that goal, the biomass must be pretreated, and enzymatically degraded to release fermentable simple sugar. My implication in that project was to discover original enzymes that can hydrolyze the hemicellulose, a major heteropolysaccharide found in plant cell wall.To mine for new biocatalysts, the gut microbial communities of two species of termite were investigated by a metagenomic approach : Nasutitermes corniger, a wood-feeder termite, and Termes hispaniolae supposed to be a soil-wood feeder. 30 000 metagenomic clones were screened on an array of 10 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates and 660 hits were obtained. Phenotypic comparison showed clear differences between both environments, probably related to the diet of the termite. The sequence of 45 N. corniger metagenomic inserts revealed 120 original sequences encoding for putative enzymes of interest. Original sequences encoding for multimodular enzymes were revealed and many ORFs were organized in clusters, suggesting that these enzymes are encoded on Polysaccharides Utilization Locus. In a second part, a high-throughput approach was used for the cloning, the expression and the slight characterization of 104 full-size and truncated enzymes. Forty five recombinant proteins were produced soluble, and their investigation revealed the activity of 19 enzymes and of 12 enzymatic modules, representing a hemicellulolytic tool-box for endo- and exo-type activities. In some cases, the implication of “Unkown” domains in the activity of multimodular enzymes was demonstrated. This approach was particularly efficient for the study of the GH3-UNKCBM48-CE1 Pm69, and this study triggered the patent process for this multiactive glucosidase, xylosidase and esterase. The xylanases and the feruloyl esterases were shown to be particularly efficient to supplement cellulolytic cocktails on pretreated wheat straw. In a third part, we investigated a DNA fragment belonging to a species of the genus Bacteroides and that encoded 19 ORFs. The biochemical characterization of Abn43A, Abn43B, Abf51A and Abf51B-trunc showed that these four enzymes harbored complementary actions for the hydrolysis of the arabinan, and that they can act synergistically for the hydrolysis of this pectic polymer. We also revealed that Abn43B had an original mode of action that we classified as exo-arabinanase. Finally, the in-depth study of the 19 ORFs allowed us to propose the entire scheme for arabinan detection, hydrolysis and utilization by the Bacteroides species carrying this DNA sequence
Charrier, Florian. "Utilisation de ressources issues de la biomasse pour la synthèse de complexes de ruthénium à ligands 2,2’ : 6’,2’’-terpyridines comme colorants au sein de cellules solaires DSSC." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD081/document.
Full textThroughout this thesis, new organometallic dyes have been developed to use them as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), whose simplicity of implementation, low cost production and attractive design are major assets. Black dye analogues were first developed, a thorough study of DFT calculations allowed a more constructive approach to the choice of molecular designs. Biomass-derived aldehydes such as vanillin, syringaldehyde or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural have been used to substitute the terpyridine ligand by different (hetero)aromatic groups in the 4’ position in order to modulate charge transfers. In a second step, a hexyloxymethyl chain was introduced in the 4'' position with the aim of reduce charge recombination during the solar cell operation and in the same time to place the LUMO closer to the anchoring groups for better charge injections to the semiconductor. The use of cyanoacrylate groups was also considered in place of the carboxylic acids in order to obtain more panchromatic absorptions. [Ru(tpy)2] and [Ru(tpy)(bpy)NCS] complexes have also been synthesized and studied for their increased stability over time in the solar cell compared to the NCS ligand complexes. Some dyes have been tested in solar cells in combination of titanium dioxide as the semiconductor and the I3-/I- couple as the redox mediator
Nordmann, Vincent. "Caractérisation et impact des différentes fractions d’une biomasse lignocellulosique pour améliorer les prétraitements favorisant sa méthanisation : utilisation de la paille de blé comme biomasse lignocellulosique d’étude." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15247/document.
Full textMethanization or anaerobic digestion is a biological process to transform organicmatter into a gas mixture composed by a majority of methane and carbon dioxide. Thistechnology is developing rapidly for the production of biomethane as renewable energysource. However this biotechnological route has low performances when lignocellulosicbiomass is used as raw material.Wheat straw has been chosen as typical biomass and the role of each lignocellulosicfraction (extractives, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) has been determined on theperformance of anaerobic digestion. A synthetic biomass has been built with different pureconstituents of the wheat straw to assess the impact of holocellulose-lignin interactions onmethanization. Then methane potential of various lignin degradation products (phenolicmolecules) has been studied. Majority of them have been shown an inhibitory effect butthree of them have been converted to methane: ferulic and vanillic acids andsyringaldehyde.Various physical pretreatments (heating, microwave irradiation, sonication andrefining) and chemical pretreatments (sodium hydroxide, ammonia and ozone) have beenselected to prepare the biomass to anaerobic digestion and their impacts on wheat strawcomposition have been evaluated. The best methanization yield has been obtained afterpretreatments by sodium hydroxide heating by microwave irradiation
Postic, François. "Test et apports d’outils de phénotypage racinaires directs (imagerie des racines) et indirects (méthode électrique capacitive) pour une utilisation en sélection variétale au champ : application au blé." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0680/document.
Full textEnsuring the food supply of an increasing world population could be achieved by improvingcrop yields through plant breeding. Due to the climate change and the rarefaction of fossilresources, the root systems of the future wheat cultivars should be adapted to low soilmoisture and low soil fertility. Developing tools for in situ root traits measurements fulfilling the high through put requirement of modern breeding is crucial. For this purpose, anagronomic trial was conducted on wheat cultivars to evaluate the relevance of minirhizotrons and plant electrical impedance on assessing varied rooting architecture.We showed that minirhizotrons provide dynamic and relevant quantifications of deep rootlengths, which was a key factor in crop yield under rainfed conditions. In spite ofunderestimated lengths in the shallow part of the root systems, a volumetric conversion ofminirhizotron data using a depth-of-field criterion, coupled with auger sampling for surfacelayers, allowed fairly estimation root to shoot ratio at different growth stages.We determined the optimal setup of plant impedance measurements by a methodological study performed under laboratory conditions. The application of this optimal set up to an in situ survey showed that the quality of the predictions decreased at later growth stages andunder low soil wetness. The plant impedance was described by an imperfect parallel-platecapacitor mode, where plant tissues acted as the separating medium. Consequently, electrical reactance is a root biomass sensor, but only in surface soil layers at low water content
Kolbas, Aliaksandr. "Traits phénotypiques et développement de plantes exposées aux éléments traces; utilisation pour la phytoremédiation et l biosurveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14590.
Full textThis work aimed at assessing sustainable phytoremediation options for trace element-contaminated soils. It includes both the assessment of initial and residual risks (biomonitoring) and long-term sustainable decontamination options using plants and associated microbes, especially aided phytoextraction with the secondary purposes of producing plant-based feedstock and restoring ecosystem services. Copper phytotoxicity, the improving role of soil conditioners, and plant tolerance were tested using a bioassay as well as a fading technique. The usefulness of a mutant line of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and a motherline of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for the biomonitoring of Cu-contaminated soils was investigated. Biochemical parameters in relation to antioxidant status of plants and molecular responses to Cu excess generally showed a greater sensitivity than morphologic ones. Tobacco has a higher Cu tolerance than sunflower. Endophytic bacteria from various sources, notably from the seeds of metallicolous populations of grasses (Agrostis capillaris) can promote the growth of sunflower and tobacco exposed to Cu excess. For annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with an excluder phenotype, increase in shoot Cu removal occurred primarily through increase in shoot biomass, rather than in shoot Cu concentration. Therefore, attention in field trials was paid to agricultural practices. Various improving options were tested in situ: application of soil amendments, the use of mutant lines and somaclonal variation, cultivars and crop rotation, bioaugmentation, fertilization, irrigation, etc. Two mutant lines and some commercial cultivars of sunflower as well as the motherline of tobacco showed a high potential for Cu phytoextraction as well as for plant-based feedstock. Ecological restoration options for Cu-contaminated soils based on phytoextraction using annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with a high shoot biomass would (1) result in the progressive decontamination of Cu-contaminated soils during crop rotations, (2) provide a financial return through biomass valorization, and (3) promote ecosystem services
Tan, Jia-Neng. "La chimie des carbohydrates en milieu aqueux et dans des solvants bio-sourcés : Utilisation du glycosyloxyméthyl furfural (GMF) et analogues dans la réaction de Baylis-Hillman." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0015/document.
Full textThis thesis is an exploration of the use of biosourced furanic aldehydes, namely hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and analogues, as a substrate for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction. The scope of the reaction has been explored, with a focus on the possibility to perform the reaction in aqueous or biobased medium. First, the MBH reaction of the glucosyloxymethylfurfural (GMF) with acrylic building blocks has been explored, led to two new series of glycoderivatives containing α-hydroxyacrylates and α-methylene-β-amino acrylates in fair yields. For the coupling reaction which produces the α-hydroxyacrylates, water can be used as the solvent. Mixtures of water and dimethylisosorbide (DMI) have also been shown to be possibly used in the reactions, allowing replacement of dioxane or THF compared to previous methods. The strategy is atom-economical. Due to the fact that those acrylic esters are also available from biomass, such kind of glycoacrylates appears as possibly 100% bio-based. The aza-MBH version of the reaction was further explored, studying the reaction involving the three components GMF, sulfonamides and a Micheal acceptor, leading to carbohydrate-based α-methylene-β-amino carbonyl derivatives. The focus was then made on HMF itself. Several biobased solvents, in particular 2-hydroxymethyl THF and isopropylideneglycerol, could be used for the MBH reaction of HMF and ethyl acrylate. For HMF and furfural, the reaction was improved when water was added allowing to widen the range of biobased solvent systems. We have also found that the bicyclic imidazolyl alcohol DPI is an efficient catalyst for the aqueous MBH reaction between HMF, furfural, GMF, and cyclic enones that gives access to a variety of potentially very useful molecules in an efficient and environmentally friendly way
Katrib, Fouad al. "Utilisation du solvant n-méthyl morpholine n-oxyde (MMNO) pour le fractionnement des constituants de la biomasse lignocellulosique et leur saccharification enzymatique : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10084.
Full textThellier, Lionel. "Environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a solid oxide fuel cell and nuclear reactors." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10107.
Full textHumankind faces many challenges in the energy field: explosion in demand, greenhouse gas emissions, rarefaction of certain fossi! resources, pollution etc. The answer to these challenges lies in particular in the development of energy conversion systems with a high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Furthermore, it requires the development of approaches which enable to evaluate these impacts and communicate the results to a very wide audience. The work undertaken in this Phd thesis is a contribution to the efforts underway to me et this dual demand. It is made up of two parts which have consisted respectively: - in evaluating with a mature approach the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by an energy conversion system currently under development. The objective was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the electricity provided by a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) "stack". The study was aimed to define the optimal manufacturing, use and end-of-life conditions for this stack from an environmental point of view, in order to help the designers and users in their technological choices. - in developing an approach which allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a mature energy conversion system. The objective was to adapt the concepts of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in order that they properly integrate nuclear electricity production. The study was aimed to propose a simple indicator for evaluating the environmental impacts ofthis type of electricity
Kambanje, Cuthbert. "Economic impacts of large-scale land investments along the emerging Chisumbanje Sugarcane Bio-ethanol Value Chain in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1737.
Full textJoubert-Garnaud, Carole. "Les énergies renouvelables dans l’agriculture de la Charente-Maritime : l’émergence en milieu rural d’un nouveau moteur du développement économique et social non dépourvu d’incidences sur l’environnement local." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROF035/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the newly role given to the renewable energies in a still rural French area, The Charente Maritime, while here and there, two issues are at stake : the question of climate change as well as the dramatic decrease of fossil energy stocks, in a period more and more turning towards the implementation of environment protection measures.Our research makes a review of the different renewable energies. Firstly the ones already produced and used in Charente Maritime, secondly the ones whose implementation is planned and eventually those which are in a state of project. (hydroelectric, solar, wind and biomass energies). The thesis is also about the potential of these energies expansion, about their consequences on environment, and in the way farmers, local representatives, association leaders and inhabitants view them.As a conclusion the thesis shows that environment results that we can draw from all these innovations is mixed : while the use of renewable energies reduce a little the dependence of Charentaises countries from fossil energies, the direct environment impact of these new energy sources appears ambiguous and especially contrasted. The study has been made in a quite little geographical area. It is all the same representative of the current changes in the French as well as the European countryside, the local and national specificities having been clearly underlined
Mottiar, Yaseen. "Enzymes and Feedstocks for Sustainable Biomass Utilisation." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32610.
Full textMagowo, Webster. "The utilisation of cellulosic biomass in the treatment of acid mine drainage and the subsequent production of fermentable sugars for bioprocessing." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16998.
Full textSugar cane bagasse and switch grass were used to investigate their potential in the remediation (decreasing metal ion concentration and increasing pH) of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and the possibility that the AMD residue sludge containing cellulose could be further hydrolysed using a commercial cellulase enzyme system to produce glucose for bioprocesses. In general both the feedstocks series appeared to increase pH and reduce dissolved iron concentration after being incubated with AMD for a period of 14 weeks at room temperature. The milled switch grass was shown to have a greater remediating effect on AMD, raising the pH from 2.11 to 5.46, and decreasing iron concentration from 500mg/l to 174mg/l, a decrease of 62%. The sugar cane bagasse was shown to have the least remedial effect, increasing pH from 2.11 to 2.38, and only reducing iron concentration by 30%. The 2‐5cm switch grass raised the pH from 2.11 to 3.86, and the iron concentration was reduced from 500mg/l to 283mg/l, a 42% reduction. The milled grass series was chosen for further enzymatic hydrolysis. The milling reduced the size of the switch grass and destroyed the cell structure making it more accessible to AMD treatment. This also allowed the enzyme in the hydrolysis to penetrate to the fibres and reach the sugar oligomers. The sludge of the AMD treated switch grass was incubated with cellulases enzymes for 24 hours at 50oC, producing glucose concentration of up to 4,86mg/ml.
Matsika, Ruwadzano. "The spatio-temporal dynamics of woody biomass supply and demand in response to human utilisation in an African Savanna woodland." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12339.
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