Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biogaz'
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Cebula, Jan. "Wybrane metody oczyszczania biogazu rolniczego i wysypiskowego." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2012. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=20807.
Full textWedraogo, Tarsida Nicolas. "Valorisation du biogaz par purification et par reformage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0190/document.
Full textThe present work is focused on biogas valorization. Two innovative processes were investigated in order to obtain bio-methane. The first one is CO2 absorption into an emulsion where some organic phases are responsible for an improvement of the mass transfer. Among the product tested, octanol and toluene proved to be efficient for carbon dioxide absorption even if the liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient did not show important variations. Experiments showed that according to the interfacial properties of the system, the dispersed phase can spread over the gas bubbles and be involved in the transfer directly. The second process considered is a micro-structured device displaying excellent mass transfer characteristics. Initially designed for the mixing of fluids, the IMM Caterpillar micro-mixer, proved to be an efficient absorption device with liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficients up to 0.5 s-1The second option is the production of syngas by direct reforming of the biogas. The dry methane reforming was extensively studied during the past few years since it can convert two greenhouse gases into valuable products for the chemical industries. A 1 mm side square channel reactor was designed in order to investigate the reaction. Results showed that a total reactant conversion could be achieved with a minimum temperature of 700°C and a maximum volumetric flowrate of 45 mL/min. The influence of feed composition was also assessed: a stoichiometric ratio is ideal for the reaction
Fontseré, Obis Marta. "Vers une nouvelle solution d'épuration de biogaz par des mâchefers d'incinération de déchets non dangereux : Développement et mise en œuvre d'un procédé d'adsorption d'H2S." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI038/document.
Full textBiogas is a renewable energy source, which potential is still under-evaluated. Before any energy production from biogas, costly purification treatments (e.g. adsorption by impregnated activated carbons, IAC) are necessary, limiting the economic profitability. An increasing interest in the development of "low-cost" treatments based on the use of waste/by-products is shown by several studies, most of all by tests at laboratory scale. Thus, a feasibility study of the use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom ash (BA) for the removal of H2S, a very corrosive and toxic compound in biogas, has been carried out in this thesis. An experimental pilot was installed on an energy recovery plant from biogas produced in a landfill (non-hazardous waste). Small-scale trials (500 g) allowed the screening of 6 different BAs and the identification of key parameters of the desulfurization. The transfer to a bigger scale reactor (10 kg), as well as the optimized operating conditions, enabled to obtain an adsorption capacity higher than 200 gH2S/kgdy BA, similar to that of some commercial adsorbents. The on-site experimental study has been completed by a scientific investigation on the mechanisms involved on the H2S retention by BA. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the material before and after the biogas treatment, to carry out the sulfur mass balances and to identify its chemical speciation. The proposed mechanism relies predominantly on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur, in an adequate physicochemical context (moisture, pH, porosity, O2 and metal oxides). The economic benefit of an industrial implementation of the desulfurization treatment with MIDND has been demonstrated. The operational costs are reduced compared to a treatment with IAC. The environmental value of such a treatment is also shown and fits perfectly into a circular economy framework
Luneau, Mathilde. "Reformage autotherme de biogaz modèle sur des catalyseurs au nickel." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1129/document.
Full textHydrogen is expected to play an increasingly important role in the energy sector in the years to come. Nowadays, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels. The extensive use of fossil fuels is unsustainable and therefore, hydrogen production from renewable sources is of great interests. Autothermal reforming of biogas, a renewable source of methane, was studied over nickel catalysts at 700°C and at atmospheric pressure. This study focused on model biogas composed of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide, reacting with oxygen and steam respecting the composition: 42% H2O, 14% CH4, 9% CO2, 7% O2 diluted in argon. First and foremost, a screening of different catalyst compositions was carried out with a six parallel-flow reactor set-up. This high-throughput technology showed that a NiRh bimetallic catalyst supported on magnesium spinel was active and very stable, still fully converting methane after 200 hours of reaction. On the other hand, its noble-metal free equivalent deactivated after only 2 hours. Our study showed that deactivation was caused by the formation of nickel spinel NiAl2O4. Its formation is a consequence of the exothermicity of the combustion reaction taking place at the catalyst inlet. The high temperatures induce a disorder in the crystal structure of the support and, in presence of NiO, Ni2+ ions can then diffuse into the vacancies of the support. The inactive NiAl2O4 phase is formed. Finally, a kinetic study was performed on structured catalysts. A kinetic model was developed, which also allowed the description of the deactivation profile caused by the loss of active sites
Mancini, Gabriele. "Different approaches to enhance the biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1250/document.
Full textBiogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD) is a long-standing renewable technology and a continuously growing bioprocess worldwide. Lignocellulosic materials (LMs) present several features that make them especially attractive among the organic substrates commonly employed in anaerobic bioreactors. In particular, LMs under the form of agricultural residues have been acknowledged as the most suitable feedstock for biomethane production due to their high availability, low cost, sustainability and no direct competition with food and feed production. However, their recalcitrance to biological conversion hinders their application for full-scale production of biogas and requires a pretreatment step to improve the LM microbial degradability. In addition to the challenges posed by the lignocellulosic structure, the supply of trace elements (TEs) has often been found insufficient within biogas digesters. The microbial growth depends on the availability and optimal amount of several specific TEs, which are essential constituents of cofactors in enzyme systems involved in the biochemistry of methane formation. Different chemical pretreatments, namely the solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), the organosolv process, and an alkaline pretreatment using NaOH, were investigated during several batch experiments to enhance the biogas production yields from different LMs (i.e. rice straw, hazelnut skin, cocoa bean shell and wheat straw). Changes in the cellulose crystallinity, water retention value and chemical composition were assessed to better evaluate the effect of the different pretreatments studied on the lignocellulosic structure. Furthermore, the addition of different doses of Fe, Co, Ni and Se on the AD of rice straw was studied, evaluating the influence of the inoculum origin, as well as the performance and synergistic effect of combining an alkaline pretreatment with the addition of trace elements prior to the AD of rice straw. The bioavailability of TEs during batch biomethane potential tests was also evaluated applying a sequential extraction technique. The three pretreatments investigated were effective methods for enhancing the biomethane production from the employed LMs. The biomethane yield from the AD of rice straw increased by 82 and 41% after the NMMO and organosolv pretreatment, respectively. When compared within the same experiment, the NMMO, organosolv and NaOH pretreatment were able to improve the AD of wheat straw, differently affecting the chemical composition of the raw LM. The cumulative biomethane production yield of 274 mL CH4/g VS obtained with the untreated wheat straw was enhanced by 11% by the NMMO pretreatment and by 15% by both the organosolv and alkaline pretreatment. Hazelnut skin and cocoa bean shell, which were never investigated before as AD substrates, showed a good potential for biogas production, with cumulative biomethane yields of 223-261 and 199-231 mL CH4/g VS, respectively, for the untreated feedstocks. However, both NMMO and organosolv pretreatments did not lead to a significant enhancement of the biomethane production yields from these two LMs. The TE supplementation had only a minor effect compared to the pretreatment methods. The addition of Fe, Co, Ni and Se did not result in a significant improvement of the AD of rice straw, whereas the use of the NaOH pretreatment, during the same batch experiment, caused a considerable enhancement of the AD, increasing the biogas production yield by 21%. The negligible effect observed after TE supplementation on the AD of rice straw could be linked to its complex lignocellulosic structure, which requires an enhancement of the hydrolysis, which, rather than the methanogenesis, is the rate-limiting step
Dupont, Nicolas. "Valorisation du biogaz de fermentation : combustion catalytique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816867.
Full textYuki, Junior Giberto. "Dynamic modeling of anaerobic digestion and its coupling with methanation reactors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3041.
Full textWith a growing share of energy being produced from renewable sources, new challenges emerge on how to deal with this new energy paradigm, where production is highly affected by conditions humans cannot manipulate. In the EU, wind and solar energy capacities have rapidly increased in recent years. Solar energy production peaks during sunny days and ceases at night, while wind energy generation fluctuates with wind speed. This variability in electricity production will have to be accounted for in the future energy grid, which will need new energy storage solutions and grid management strategies.In this scenario, the development of multi-energy platforms will be required, as one source can compensate for or store the energy produced by another. In addition, it will enable to explore synergies from these different systems. Integrating methanation and anaerobic digestion, for instance, represents an alternative to convert renewable electricity into gas in a power-to-gas approach. Moreover, it enables the energetic valorization of CO2 from biogas. However, these two reactors are operationally different in terms of their characteristic time and thermal behavior. For this reason, mathematical models can play a valuable role in defining their adequate management.In such context, at first, a model for a biogas digester was developed. This model contains the kinetics from a modified version of the Anaerobic Digestion N°1 (ADM1), one of the most widespread models in this domain, along with an advanced thermal description based on empirical correlations for the heat transfer terms. In addition, the biogas storage in an air-inflated double-membrane gasholder was also included in this work. The digester model was validated using literature data for both lab-scale and large-scale digesters. It was also used in a study case to evaluate the influence of geographical location of the biogas plant on its heat losses.To simulate an entire biomethane plant, the process units composing the biogas cleaning and upgrading stages were also modeled. Integrating these models with the digester allowed for the evaluation of the entire system's functioning.In addition, an existing model for catalytic methanation developed in a previous PhD thesis carried out in LaTEP was included in this simulation environment. This allowed simulating the whole system: biomethane and catalytic methanation plants. Simulations of this multi-energy platform showed that this solution would be able to store excess energy from the grid, as the start-up of the methanation reactors could started up within a few minutes. Besides, it was shown that the production in these reactors would be affected by seasonal variations in weather conditions. Finally, insights into the process safety of this system and potential opportunities for heat integration were discussed
Moletta, Marina. "Caractérisation de la diversité microbienne aéroportée des biogaz." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20170.
Full textZhang, Jin Bai. "Procédé de traitement anaérobie des boues et de valorisation du biogaz." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL106N/document.
Full textThe present work is focused on developing an original micro to mesoscale approach to investigate various phenomena and then to intensify the performance of a reactor. At mesoscale, the emphasis is given to the interactions between granular sludge particles as well as the biogas production efficiency in a 2D reactor under various hydrodynamic conditions at different concentrations of substrate. Then, within the microdevices, a single sludge particle of various sizes was used under different operating conditions such as superficial liquid velocity and concentration of substrate. The effect of different hydrodynamic conditions and concentration of substrate was studied
Arunthanayothin, Suphaporn. "Study of the formation of pollutants, in particular NOx, during the combustion of biogas and bio-oils." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0246.
Full textDue to the depletion of fossil fuels and climate warnings, CO2 neutral technologies must be based primarily on renewable energy sources and must increasingly replace fossil fuels. Biogas and bio-oils are one of the renewable energy sources that are gaining attention globally due to their direct applicability without any modification, since their properties are similar to those of natural gas and petroleum. In order to use the most promising technology options, increased efforts in basic and applied research are needed. This thesis aims at obtaining a better understanding of the formation of pollutants, in particular NOx during biogas and biofuel combustion by means of both an experimental study and numerical simulations. The combustion chemistry of biogas and bio-oils in the gas phase is still relatively unknown. The establishment of an experimental database including the identification of the products and intermediates formed will allow a better understanding of the chemical reactions involved. The objective will then be to develop and validate detailed kinetic models able of reproducing the combustion of biogas and bio-oil surrogates. The study of fuel oxidation and pyrolysis was carried out using both a jet-stirred reactor and flow tube reactors over a wide range of temperature conditions (up to 2073 K). Different methods were implemented during this thesis in order to analyze the large number of intermediates. The analysis methods used for this thesis are Gas Chromatography (GC), Online-Mass Spectrometry (MS), NOx analyzer by chemiluminescence, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The thesis allowed the study the oxidation and pyrolysis of different fuels, from biogas surrogates (NH3, NH3/CH4, NH3/H2, H2S, H2S/CH4) to bio-oil surrogates (pyrrole, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol). The study of the formation of NOx during the oxidation of CH4 and ethylene in the presence of air was also investigated during my PhD. For most of these reactants, the experimental results were used to develop and validate a kinetic model, especially with Politecnico di Milano for nitrogen and sulfur containing fuels. These models were then used to study the decomposition pathways of the species studied
Peredo, Mancilla Joselin Deneb. "Adsorption and Separation of Carbon Dioxide for Biomethane Production : The Use of Activated Carbons." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3012/document.
Full textBiomethane is a proven source of clean energy, it is one of the most cost-effective and environment-friendly substitute for natural gas and diesel. The European Union primary energy production from biomethane has folded by ~23 times in a 5 years time period (2011-2016) making necessary to find new and improved solutions for the separation of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), main components of biogas. In this context, the objective of this doctoral thesis is the determination of performance indicators such as the adsorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbons (ACs) for the CH4/ CO2 separation. This work focuses on the adsorption properties of activated carbons for the methane/carbon dioxide separation. To this end, CH4 and CO2 pure gas experimental adsorption isotherms of activated carbons were obtained on a pressure range of 0.1 to 3 MPa) and temperatures ranging from 303 to 323 K. The first part of this thesis project consisted in the analysis of the CH4 and CO2 pure gas adsorption properties of 5 commercial activated carbons Using a set of five commercial activated carbons a linear relationship between the adsorbent surface area and the CO2 adsorption capacity was determined. The micropore volume also showed a direct influence on the adsorption capacity. The second part of this work consisted in the study of the carbon dioxide and methane adsorption behavior of biomass-based activated carbons. Using a series of 3 ACs that had been obtained from olive stones by different activation methods, the activation technique proved to be of mayor importance as it determines the textural and chemical properties of the adsorbent and thus its gas adsorption capacity.Lastly, the CH4/CO2 adsorption selectivity of the 5 commercial activated carbons was calculated from the equimolar mixture adsorption isotherms. The selectivity factor was proven to be dependent on the sum of textural and chemical properties of the samples. Although, activated carbons with high average pore sizes and surface areas depicted higher adsorbed quantities it was on detriment of their selectivity. The selectivity was found to be better for the activated carbon showing an intermediate surface area and a narrow pore size distribution. In addition, the presence of sulfur functionalities was also found to improve the adsorption selectivity. Overall, this work shows that activated carbons are competitive materials for the upgrading of biogas, displaying adsorption properties comparable to those of other commercially available materials
Chottier, Claire. "Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium et sulfure d'hydrogène - Analyse - Traitement - Impact sur la valorisation des biogaz." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715818.
Full textAlmansour, Essam. "Bilans énergétiques et environnementaux de filières biogaz : approche par filière-type." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14469/document.
Full textAnaerobic digestion is emerging as an efficient technology for energy production as well as for of organic residues treatment. An analysis of the anaerobic digestion in different chosen procedures is led by an approach based on the standard procedures definition, filled from technical investigations with existing installations and professionals. These standard procedures allow us to study the overall energy and environmental balance sheets of anaerobic digestion in order to compare it with other processes by using the approach of life cycle assessment. Energetically, an important potential for more than 11 Mtoe/year is estimated from available resources in chosen procedures. Agricultural resources contribute to a significant portion of this potential. The residual waste from food industries completes this potential knowing that the amount of waste processed with anaerobic digestion is important on the french territory. Environmentally, the biogas recovered is advantageous to anaerobic digestion against comparison procedures. The results of comparative studies of LCA are sensitives to the impact assessment method adopted in relation to their sensitivity to certain aspects. The LCA results are also sensitives to the definition of procedures and define other procedures, when we have doubts, remains an important perspective not to be neglected
Frédéric, Sylvain. "Etude de l’hydrolyse lors de la digestion anaérobie et d’éléments de dimensionnement de réacteur de méthanisation dans le cadre du développement de la technologie Ergenium™." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20087.
Full textThis work deals with the development of elements design for ErgeniumTM in particular by the description, the characterization and the hydrolysis of solid organic matter. The development of a method of characterization based on separation of organic substrate in the water has determined two different fractions, one soluble and the other insoluble in water. Biodegradability and the duration of anaerobic digestion for the two fractions appeared significantly different. With non water-soluble of organic substrate, a method for measuring the speed of hydrolysis has been developed to know the value hydrolysis rate, test the influence of various parameters (inoculum concentration, pH, volatile fatty acids, viscosity) on the hydrolysis rate. Finally, from this characterization of organic matter in two fractions, the values of degradability of these fractions, the rate of hydrolysis and the configuration of the technology ErgeniumTM, a model was developed to determine the influence of various parameters (organic loading rate, rate of recycling of waste and liquids) in different concentrations and design criteria. This work will form the basis for the design and implementation of a pilot industrial ErgeniumTM where recycling parameters and measures of concentration and performance will be compared with theoretical results from the model
Taimoor, Aqeel Ahmad. "Valorisation de biogaz pour industrie chimie par voie catalytique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881030.
Full textRojas, Devia Carolina. "Biogaz en vue de son utilisation en production d'énergie : séparation des siloxanes et du sulfure d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824324.
Full textBelhani, Mehdi Pons Marie-Noëlle. "Analyse de cycle de vie exergétique de systèmes de traitement des eaux résiduaires." S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_BELHANI_M.pdf.
Full textTcha-Thom, Maglwa. "Recherche d'une filière durable pour la méthanisation des déchets de fruits et d'abattoirs du Togo : Evaluation du potentiel agronomique des digestats sur les sols de la région de la Kara." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0061/document.
Full textAnaerobic digestion, a renewal energy process, constitutes an undeniable asset of material and energy flows recovering in response to sustainable development issues. Thus, the aim of this current study was to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that govern the reactive environment of anaerobic digestion and the effects of digestates on the biophysico- chemical matrix of agricultural soils sector. The running of leaching tests in aerobic and anaerobic controlled reactors, organo-mineral mobilizations patterns of the substrates and the valorization of biogas in slaughtered animals knackering have been realized. The physicochemical and technical locks tarnishing the pineapple wastes anaerobic digestion have been lifted and optimized through the co-substrates including cattle manure and ashes. The digestates have been brought on agricultural soils, forests areas soils and medium free of organic matter and clays and allowed to detect the limits of digestates uses and the interactions with organic and mineral fractions of soils. This study, thus show, the importance to develop the anaerobic digestion sector for a sustainable removal of organic wastes
Carvalho, villarim Pedro. "New compacts systems for biogas upgrading." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0697.
Full textBiogas is a renewable energy source produced naturally by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. It consists mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). It also contains traces of water vapour, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulphide. Biogas upgrading to biomethane requires the removal of contaminants in the raw biogas, reducing the level of impurities to achieve high CH4 content of about 90 to 99%. The uses of biomethane are the same as natural gas while being a 100% renewable and non-fossil energy source. Many technologies have been tested and applied to remove impurities from biogas, such as water scrubbing, physical and chemical scrubbing, membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption, biological methods, etc. Absorbents play an important role in removing impurities from biogas. Therefore, the development of novel absorbents with high absorption capacity and high recyclability is mandatory. The suitable absorbent should also have low viscosity, relatively low toxicity, low vapor pressure, high boiling point, high absorption capacity, and low cost. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a mixture of two or three chemical compounds (usually a hydrogen acceptor compound, HBA and a compound hydrogen donor, HBD), which combine via hydrogen bonds that have a lower melting point than each of their pure components. These solvents have physico-chemical properties that can be tuned depending on the nature of the individual compounds and their ratio. The purpose of the thesis was to evaluate DESs and conventional green solvents as VOCs/CO2 absorbers for biogas upgrading. We evaluated and compared the efficiency of different DESs and conventional absorbents for the absorption of nine VOCs and CO2. The vapor–liquid partition coefficient (K) of the VOCs in the studied solvents and the absorption capacity of CO2 in DES were determined using static headspace-gas chromatography. The effect of VOC mixture, temperature water content was evaluated. The absorption capacities of individuals VOCs, their mixture and CO2/CH4 in DESs and conventional solvents were also evaluated using a dynamic set-up which simulated an industrial absorption column. Both static and dynamic results are in good agreement. Also, the absorption capacities of industrial absorbents were evaluated on an industrial scale using an exchanger developed by our industrial partner (Terrao®)
Jiang, Jian Kai. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des réacteurs anaérobies produisant du biogaz et fonctionnant en batch et en continu." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0142/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to an in-depth study on the anaerobic process for wastewater treatment and sewage sludge treatment in order to intensifier the biogas production. Firstly, the hydrodynamic in an internal circulation (IC) reactor was characterized by experimental simulation. The relative importance of the three phases is ordered as gas > solid > liquid for the liquid circulation velocity. The bubble size affects not only the shear rate but also the types of interaction between bubbles and granules. Then the effect of mean shear rate was investigated in an anaerobic stirred tank reactor. With the increase of mean shear rate, the flow rate of biogas passes through a maximum at the shear rate of 6.8 s-1, while the methane content decreases continuously. The deformation of granules is induced by shear stress and collisions; nevertheless the granules’ density remains unchanged. At micro-scale, a local deformation in the shape of crater located at the extremity of biogas channel was detected for the first time. The cater diameter is proportional to the size of gas exit pore, and the compression pressure of the microbubble estimated by the Young-Laplace equation compares favorably with the mechanical resistance of granule measured by penetrometry. Finally, the study focused on the rheological properties of the highly concentrated digested sludge. A shear thinning behavior with a yield stress and a viscoelastic property were characterized. The effect of solid content is much more significant than that of temperature. Furthermore, the experiments of a sphere impacting on the highly concentrated digested sludge were carried out to reveal its transient dynamics. A simplified drag force model was established to estimate the elasticity modulus and the impact viscosity
Nawfal, Mira. "Valorisation catalytique du biogaz pour une énergie propre et renouvelable." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0392/document.
Full textThis study is related to the formation of hydrogen by the steam reforming process and the production of synthesis gas by the dry reforming process, using catalysts, leading to increased resistance to coke formation. Seven mixed oxides NiₓMg₆₋ₓAl₂ 800 (0 ≤ x ≤ 6) were obtained, by hydrotalcite route followed by calcination at 800°C. Metallic nickel is the active species in both studied reactions. Some of these oxides have been impregnated with 0.5 wt % of ruthenium and recalcined at 800°C. In steam reforming test and in absence of ruthenium, the reducing pretreatment step is necessary to activate the catalyst. Ruthenium addition improves the catalytic activity, selectivity and the resistance to coke formation, with no reducing step prior to the test. An interaction between nickel and ruthenium is in origin of these good catalytic performances since ruthenium improves the reductibility of nickel species. The catalyst Ru/Ni₆Al₂ 800 800 presents the best catalytic performances among the studied systems, because it presents a better Ru-Ni interaction
Laperrière, Wendy. "Évaluation des limites d'un digesteur biogaz pour une utilisation flexible dans un réseau local de production d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT068/document.
Full textWith the increasing share of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mix, some stability problems are expected in the grid. The solution consists in using biogas as buffer energy. Biogas can be stored, then used on-demand. As the storage is limited, biogas production should be flexible. The aim of this thesis was to study and determine the limits of anaerobic reactors in a flexible operation. Three 15L reactors, fed with three different mixtures of two solid substrates, were fed for 550 days in flexible operation. It was demonstrated in this thesis that flexible operation with one-off overloads had no negative impact on methane production on long-term. The flexibility was defined as the margin between the maximum production on a reactor and its baseload production. It was strongly influenced by the baseload of the reactor and the substrates used in overloads, but not by the intensity of the overloads applied. The use of readily degradable substrates in overloads allowed a maximum production of 1 to 1.2 LCH4/Lreactor.d to be achieved in the first 24 hours, even in reactors fed mainly with manure, leading to flexibility ranging from +92 to + 150%. This ceiling depends on the rate of hydrolysis of the substrates. It can be increased by using compounds that are of a simpler structure (glycerol for example). An operational strategy ready to be validated on pilot plants has been defined; it specifies the approach for the determination of the maximum production and the level of the baseload to be adopted, for an optimal flexibilization of the methane production on CSTRs. A simple model, based on two degradation rates, has also been developed to simulate flexible operation of anaerobic reactors
Cuzin, Nadine. "Fermentation méthanique des épluchures de manioc. Influence et dégradation du cyanure." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11355.
Full textAvlianou, Arapinis Hélène. "Suivi analytique en paramètres conservatifs : DCO et CT du fonctionnement de systèmes d'épuration ou de valorisation d'effluents mettant en oeuvre la fermentation anaérobie en biogaz." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120052.
Full textAceves, Lara Cesar Arturo. "Modélisation, estimation et commande de procédés de digestion anaérobie en vue de l'optimisation de la production de biohydrogène." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20136.
Full textChamaa, Mohamad Amr. "Couplage de la méthanisation et des électrotechnologies : intentisification de la production de biogaz et du séchage du digestat." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS463/document.
Full textThe limitation of the biogas production related to the accessibility of the substrates with a low biochemical methane potential, as well as the constraints of spreading which lead to the drying of the digestate, in order to stabilize or to transport the dried digestate, are two issues for the development of the methanisation process. The cellular disintegration’s effect induced by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) pretreatment on biogas production is evaluated on different substrates. The applied field’s strength is varied between 500 and 3600 V/cm and the corresponding cell disintegration index were calculated. The influence of PEF pretreatment on methane production was examined in a 500 mL batch reactor using the experimental design methodology and integrating different methods of preparation (size of particles, preheating, hygenisation). The obtained results show that PEF treatment can significantly increase the biogas production (+5.2 to +12.5% CH4). For the drying of the digestates, a convective drying system with hot air at a moderate temperature (40 to 70°C) is used. On the one hand, the effects of air velocity and drying temperature are evaluated. On the other hand, the effects of pre-processing by PEF, by microwaves, and after a freeze thawing cycle were also tested. Using the second Fick's law, the effective diffusion coefficients are identified and it was concluded that PEFs are ineffective for drying the digestates under the tested drying conditions
Bassila, Joseph. "Etude et conception d’un système d’épuration de biogaz et de liquéfaction de bio-méthane." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1105.
Full textGlobal energy consumption, which is gradually increasing, has led to the search for alternative renewable resources. Europe has put the development of the biogas sector as a priority to enhance organic matter and produce sustainable energy and clean fuel. Several technologies have been developed to produce bio-methane and then to liquefy it. Cryo Pur developed a cryogenic process where the biogas is cooled gradually to 3 temperature levels: -40 ° C; -75 ° C and -120 °C. In a first step, the steam is extracted at -40 °C and at -75 ° C, the dry biogas contains 65 % methane and 35 % CO2. The biogas is then cooled to -120 °C in a low-temperature refrigeration system to capture carbon dioxide and obtain bio-methane with 2.5 % of CO2. Once this bio-methane is obtained, it is liquefied at a pressure of 15 bara and a temperature of -120 °C. An energy and exergy study is studied and takes as reference the pilot of purification and liquefaction Cryo Pur installed at the exit of digester of the purification station of Valenton. CO2 is captured by frosting on the fins of heat exchangers. The defrosting is carried out by a two-phase flow rate taken from the -40 °C stage of the low-temperature refrigeration system. The thesis compares the energy recovered by a liquid CO2 defrosted with a rise in temperature up to -56 °C (triple point temperature of CO2) and defrosting by sublimation of CO2 at a temperature much lower than - 56 ° C which is the subject of an energy optimization. The thesis also conducts an energy and exergy study of the complete process of biogas and bio-methane liquefaction with the recovery of energy by sublimation of carbon dioxide.A test bench is designed to evaluate the energy performance of the CO2 defrosting process by sublimation. The various necessary elements of this test bench are presented with their energy consumption. In this test bench, the defrosting of the carbon dioxide by sublimation is carried out via a low-temperature heat-transfer fluid which recovers the energy sublimation of the CO2 reducing the power consumed by the low-temperature refrigeration system. This new process requires a vacuum pump. The consumption of this vacuum pump depends on the sublimation pressure and is the subject of an energy optimization study. The density of CO2 varies enormously depending on the temperature and the sublimation pressure. A model of the evolution of the thickness of the frost during the sublimation is presented. As a conclusion of this section, a comparison is made between the specific power consumption of the system installed at Valenton and that of the test bench.On the other hand, the duration of the frosting cycle also requires an energy optimization study associated with the design of the exchanger that capture the CO2. The tube-fins exchanger with the shape of the fin and the parameters affecting the CO2 frosting are presented. A study is carried out to uniformly distribution of the CO2 mass on the exchange surface to reduce the blocking rate of the exchanger and to extend the duration of the frosting phase. A study on the effect of biogas velocity and temperature slippage of the refrigerant over the cycle is carried out as well as a study on the materials of the fins and tubes selected in order to minimize the exchange surface and have the bio-methane with 2 % CO2
Keryakos, Elie. "Étude et conception d'une pompe à chaleur intégrée dans le procédé d'épuration du biogaz." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1098.
Full textEurope's commitment to renewable energy leads to accelerate the biomethane development as a renewable energy. The work of this thesis is based on the Cryo Pur process which is essentially a cooling process that will allow the biogas cooling from ambient temperature to -120 °C. While cooling the biogas, water vapor, CO2 and pollutants must be separated to obtain liquefied biomethane and bio CO2. The objectives pursued are methodological and experimental. The method used is the energy integration associated with an exergy analysis of the process. The analysis integrates the cooling production and the heat production by the refrigeration units for the use in the methanisation process. The energy optimization starts from the exergy analysis and identifies the losses of the various stages of the process and integrates both the cooling production at different temperature levels and the heat production used in the digester. The heat requirement of the digester is around 50 to 55 °C for the thermophilic bacteria. For the biogas upgrading and the liquefaction of biomethane, the cooling requirements are from ambient temperature to -120 °C. In the Cryo Pur process, refrigeration is carried out at 4 different temperature levels: 2 °C, -40 °C, -78 °C and -120 °C. The heat pump is coupled to the various refrigeration systems by cooling a refrigerant at a temperature which is the objective of the overall optimization of the heat pump system. The heat pump cools the condensers of the 4 refrigeration systems and the heat recovered from the refrigeration systems is upgraded to 55 °C by the heat pump.In addition to this overall energy optimization, the thesis focuses on the frosting and defrosting of the water contained in the biogas. This operation consumes a lot of energy. An energy optimization work is carried out to minimize the energy consumption for the dehumidification of biogas from ambient temperature to -78 ° C. The representation of the frosting and defrosting cycles and the losses associated with the temperature of the metallic mass of the heat exchangers requires a dynamic modeling. The dynamic modeling will lead to design the heat exchangers. The ultimate aim is to achieve the highest possible exergy efficiency. Tests made it possible to validate the models of the heat exchangers and refrigeration systems. The optimization also integrates the choice of refrigerant mixtures
Daoud, Yessmine. "Analyse de modèles de la digestion anaérobie : applications à la modélisation et au contrôle des bioréacteurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS050/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the mathematical analysis of different anaerobic digestion (AD) models. In a first part, we study a 4-step model with enzymatic degradation of the substrate (organic matter) that can partly be under a solid form. We investigate the effects of hydrolysis on the behavior of the AD process and the production of biogas (namely, the methane and the hydrogen). We consider, in a first model, that the microbial enzymatic activity is constant, then we take into consideration an explicit hydrolytic microbial compartment for the substrate biodegradation. The considered models include the inhibition of acetogens, hydroge- notrophic methanogens and acetoclastic methanogens growth bacteria. To examine the effects of these inhibitions in presence of a hydrolysis step, we first study an inhibition-free model. We determine the steady states and give sufficient and neces- sary conditions for their stability. The existence and stability of the steady states are illustrated by operating diagrams. We prove that modeling the hydrolysis phase by a constant enzymatic activity affects the production of methane and hydrogen. Furthermore, introducing the hydrolytic microbial compartment yields new steady states and affects the stability regions. We prove that the biogas production occurs at only one of the steady states according to the operating parameters and state variables and we determine the maximal rate of biogas produced, in each case. In the second part, we are interested in a reduced and simplified model of the AD pro- cess. We focus on the acetogenesis and hydrogenetrophic methanogenesis phases. The model describes a syntrophic relationship between two microbial species (the acetogenic bacteria and the hydrogenetrophic methanogenic bacteria) with two in- put substrates (the fatty acids and the hydrogen) including both decay terms and inhibition of the acetogenic bacteria growth by an excess of hydrogen in the sys- tem. The existence and stability analysis of the steady states of the model points out the existence of a new equilibrium point which can be stable according to the operating parameters of the system. By means of operating diagrams, we show that, whatever the region of space considered, there exists only one locally exponentially stable steady state. This study is generalized to the case where the growth of the hydrogenetrophic methanogens bacteria is inhibited. This model exhibits a rich be- havior with the existence of two positive steady states and bistability. We illustrate by means of operating diagrams the effect of this inhibition on the reduction of the coexistence region and the emergence of a bistability region
Sarperi, Laura. "Développement d'une filière de production de bio-GNV à partir de biogaz agricole à l'echelle individuelle." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0169/document.
Full textBio-NGV (bio- Natural Gas for Vehicles) is a bio-fuel based on the biogas in which components such as CO2and H2S are removed. But the economical feasibility of available and commercial technologies to perform these removals is limited to 80 Nm3/h of treated biogas. Regarding farm scale biogas plant, fuel needs of 1 fill-upper day would represent the treatment of only 1 Nm3/hof raw biogas. The aim of our work was to develop a solution economically adapted to farm scale to produce bio-NGV from biogas. An alternative and low cost material, BOF slag (Basic Oxygen Furnace slag), was then identified to perform CO2 removal by accelerated carbonation and H2S removal by iron sulfidation. The accelerated carbonation feasibility was evaluated in batch and dynamic reactors under laboratory conditions. But, removal capacities obtained were insufficient to be used under real conditions. Lime was then tested and CO2 removal capacities observed were higher than BOFslag ones but still insufficient. Iron sulfidation by H2Swas also tested under laboratory conditions. Batch reactor and dynamic column investigations led to an interesting H2S removal capacity of 7,0 ± 1,0 gH2S/kgBOF. Based on this result, performances were also validated under real conditions on the biogas produced on site field. According to the whole experimental data, the complete process of bio-NGV production was designed including the H2S removal performed by BOF slag, CO2 removal achieved in two membranes and the 200 bars compression. Finally, the overall economical balance has showed that a total investment of 75 000 € with a subsidy rates of 30% and a weekly fuel consumption between 6 and 28 fill-up/week will lead to a profitable project
Sigot, Léa. "Epuration fine des biogaz en vue d'une valorisation énergétique en pile à combustible de type SOFC : Adsorption de l'octaméthylcyclotétrasiloxane et du sulfure d'hydrogène." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0098/document.
Full textBiogas energy use is hampered by the presence of trace compounds. Three contaminant families are particularly detrimental for external reforming catalysts and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes: sulfur-containing compounds, volatile organic silicon compounds (VOSiC) and chlorinated compounds. Therefore, a thorough biogas treatment is necessary for such an application. This experimental work deals with the development of a polishing treatment for the adsorption of these contaminants. Adsorbents were selected for their efficiency to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S – sulfur-containing compound), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4 – VOSiC) and cis-1,2-dichloroéthene (C2H2Cl2 – chlorinated compound), molecules representative of the three harmful families. The studied zeolite showed the best efficiency for H2S removal whereas silica gel performed best for D4 adsorption. A parametric study highlighted the influence of adsorbent bed height, contaminant concentration, gas flow rate, the presence of contaminants in mixture and humidity on purification performance. Adsorption tests with a raw landfill biogas showed that it is possible to guarantee an H2S concentration below the 1 ppmvH2S tolerance limit of the reformer. Using adsorbent physicochemical characterizations, hypothesis about retention mechanisms were proposed for the couples zeolite + H2S and silica gel + D4. H2S is adsorbed and then oxidized into elemental sulfur at the surface of the zeolite. During the adsorption on silica gel, D4 seems to polymerize on the surface. These two phenomena prevent the regeneration of the adsorbents. A first modeling approach of the adsorption phenomena involved for the couple silica gel + D4 allowed the determination of the global mass transfer coefficient. Experimental breakthrough curves obtained for different masses of adsorbent were successfully simulated. Some “dimensioning rules” were proposed for the industrial design of a polishing treatment able to produce a biogas with the quality required to feed an SOFC. The techno-economic analysis showed that the SOFC solution is technically feasible but not economically viable because SOFC technology is still too costly compared to conventional conversion devices. However, the solution seems promising from an environmental point of view
Truong, Linda Vân-Anh. "Purification du biogaz provenant de la digestion anaérobie du lisier de porc." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Find full textFougerit, Valentin. "Développement d’un procédé innovant d’épuration du biogaz par mise en oeuvre de contacteurs à membranes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC053/document.
Full textUpgrading is an attractive pathway for biogas utilization. Yet, the costs associated to these processes are still an obstacle to a widespread development, specifically in the case of farm anaerobic digestion units.This PhD has assessed membrane contactor, a technology derived from the artificial lung, for the development of a robust gas-liquid physical absorption process meeting the biogas industry expectations. A modular experimental pilot (150-880 NL/h biogas) was designed to investigate the performances in terms of methane recovery R_CH4 and methane quality y_CH4,out.The membrane contactor technology turned out to be suitable to produce a gas-grid quality biomethane. Key operating parameters were identified through a Design of Experiments. Among known process limitations, membrane wetting was found to have little influence on CO2 absorption (< 10.5%): a new pore wetting description was suggested. Gas composition was a stronger limitation: the CO2 mass transfer coefficient was divided by a factor 2-3 in the presence of a gas mixture instead of as a pure gas.Process configurations and solvents were successively tested to improve the performances. The addition of a methane recycling loop and the replacement of water by a saline solution (KCl) were combined into a patent and reached the targeted performances (R_CH4=98.7%, y_CH4,out=97.5%): the corresponding absorbed flux is 42 NL/m2/h CO2.For a process upscaling purpose, an original mass transfer model was developed to describe the specific internal geometry of the membrane module. Firstly optimized and validated for the absorption of pure CO2, this numerical tool has required an optimized additional correction inspired from diffusion laws to account for the mass transfer limitation observed for a binary gas mixture.Process designs are suggested for 3 industrial cases (100, 250 and 500 Nm3/h biogas) based on an available membrane contactor range. The process sizings resulting from the dimensional analysis methodology or numerical simulation differ from 25 to 40 % and must then be confirmed
Chemcheng, Xaya. "L'éducation à l'environnement au Laos : une proposition d'ingénierie didactique autour du biogaz pour les lycéens, et d'ingénierie de formation à la technologie du biogaz pour les villageois-éleveurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10049.
Full textRobles-Martinez, Fabian. "Etude de l'évolution bio-physico-chimique des ordures ménagères en conditions de mise en balles enrubannées." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0070.
Full textThis study concerns the biodegradation of organic matter inside wrapped hales. This work is composed of 4 phases. - The effects of organic matter content, humidity and the conditions of aeration have been studied in the first phase. - In the second phase, the effect of compaction and the water disponibility have been studied. - In the third phase, we studied the role of pH in biodegradation of municipal wastes. - Finally, the long term behaviour of wrapped hales was studied Sixteen 1aboratory assays were studied. These assays were monitored between three months and three years and many factors were varied A monitoring of real wrapped bales during one year was made for comparing the laboratory results and the behaviour of baled household waste. Results have shown that the storage of domestic wastes in wrapped bales allowed a considerable reduction in the biodegradation. Baling is a good method for temporary storage of household wastes. The main reason for the absence of biodegradation was the rapid acidification of the wastes. This was due to the activity of hyarolytic-acidogenic bacteria capable of degrading the waste in the first few days after baling. In these conditions the activity of acetogenic or methanogenic anaerobic bacteria was inhibited
Truong, Linda Vân-Anh. "Purification du biogaz provenant de la digestion anaérobie du lisier de porc." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1242.
Full textAbbas, Ghaleb Reine. "Production d'énergie propre à partir d'une source renouvelable : combustion catalytique du biogaz." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10031.
Full textThis study concerns the total methane oxidation at high temperature on catalysts made from palladium. The aim of our application is the production of thermic energy by using the biogas produced by fermentation of landfill waste. If the biogas contains essentially methane that we can used to produce energy, it contains also many other compounds like sulphur compounds. The presence of sulphur compounds can reduce the catalyst activity. Catalysts made from palladium were putted on supports chosen because of their excellent thermostability and their different acido-basic properties: MgAl2O4, yttrium stabilized zirconia, alumina stabilised with lanthanium and boron alumina. The catalyst Pd/Al2O3 was also studied. Catalysts were characterized by differents physico-chemical characterization methods and studied in the methane combustion with or without H2S. According to the used support, we observe a variable interaction between the active phase and the support. This interaction affect the catalytic activity, PdO stability and the sulphur resistance
Tanios, Carole. "Caractérisation, évaluation de la toxicité du biogaz issu de déchets ménagers et valorisation par reformage catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0474/document.
Full textThis work studies the energy recovery of the fermentable fraction of waste. Indeed, organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen and simultaneously produces biogas. One of the emerging technologies is to upgrade CH₄ and CO₂, the two major components of biogas. This is the dry reforming of methane (CH₄ + CO₂ → 2 CO + 2 H₂) (DRM), which is particularly interesting, since it makes possible to produce a synthesis gas with a H₂/CO ratio close to 1, advantageous for several industrial applications, and to get rid of two greenhouse gases. However, due to its endothermic nature, the dry reforming of methane requires the use of a catalyst, to avoid operating at very high temperatures in order to obtain sufficient conversions. Moreover, the dry reforming of methane is accompanied by secondary reactions, some of which lead to the formation of carbon. In this context, efforts have been focused on the development of catalytic systems with good activity and good resistance against carbon deposition. In this work, real biogas samples were analyzed at two biomethanation centers, one in France and the other in Lebanon. Thus, knowing the identity and the quantity of the various compounds, a study of their effect on the efficiency of the catalyst is done. Our results show that the real biogas is composed, besides the major components, CH₄ and CO₂, of NH₃, H₂S, some terpenes ans some VOCs. In addition, mixed oxides of Co, Ni, Mg and Al were prepared using the hydrotalcite route, in order to obtain interesting catalytic properties. The prepared systems were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and tested in the dry reforming of methane. The Co-Ni based system seems to be the best system joining the high activity of nickel with the high resistance of cobalt towards carbon deposition. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of some impurities that exist in biogas quch as volatile organic compounds (toluene) is also a part of this work. Finally, the toxicity of biogas collected from biomethanation centers was evaluated. Human lung cell cultures (BEAS-2B) were thus exposed at the air / liquid interface using the Vitrocell® system. After exposure of the cells, a set of toxicity markers is determined. In this study, the impact of biogas on human health will be evaluated
Charry, Prada Iran David. "Etude et conception de réacteurs polyphasés en vue de la désulfuration de biogaz en pré- et post- combustion." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM019/document.
Full textBiogas. It is an energy source increasingly popular in Europe, remarkably in France, due to its environmental-friendly and economic-saving capabilities. It is produced by the organic matter fermentation, leading to biomethane production, as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, as a raw gas, pollutants in biogas lead to environmental, health and process-related issues, especially because of its unique content on sulfur compounds. The objective of this research is to develop new processes, economically and environmentally feasible, for biogas desulfurization, seeking a process integration in existing biogas treatment units in France. Considering the state of the art on biogas properties and its possible purification treatments, two processes have been identified and studied in this thesis. The first process is a precombustion desulfurization treatment aiming to eliminate the H2S and the siloxanes through a gas-liquid bubbling-typed polyphasic reactor. This reactor is equipped with a new solvent with “superacid” properties. The second process is a postcombution desulfurization treatment for stack gas, through a gas-solid fixed-bed polyphasic reactor. A prototype of this unit was entirely designed, built and tested in the thesis. This thesis describes the applied research method, the developed numerical models, and the experimental results confirming the efficiency of the novel processes
Sales, Silva Luiz Paulo. "Procédé de séparation par formation sélective d'hydrates de gaz pour la valorisation du biogaz." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY021/document.
Full textBiogas represents an alternative path to fossil energies. It is composed mainly by methane and carbon dioxide. This couple must be separated in a gas separation process. In recent years, the new process based on gas hydrate formation (GSHF) has taken special attention in academic community. Besides, the use of thermodynamic promoters can increase the efficiency of the process. Since GSFH is based on phase transition phenomenon, knowledge about phase equilibria is essential. In this project, we have selected and studied four thermodynamic promoters (tretrabutylammonium bromide / TBAB; tetrabutylphosphonium bromide / TBPB; tributylphosphine oxide / TBPO; tetrahydropyran / THP) that have potential to improve GSFH process of biogas in terms of stability gain (less energy consumption), kinetics and selectivity. One part of this project consisted in determining the gas hydrate equilibrium conditions involving these promoters and the different gas phases (CO2, CH4 and simulated biogas). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were applied to measure the phase transition temperatures. Therefore, new phase equilibrium data were determined for the promoter/gas hydrate systems. In the second part of the project, we carried out quantitative measurements in an instrumented reactor in order to evaluate the GSFH process for upgrading biogas. Each promoter was evaluated in kinetics and thermodynamics aspects, such as crystal growth rate, amount of gas trapped into the hydrate phase, and selectivity. The optimization of the hydrate formation / dissociation cycle showed excellent results in terms of kinetics improvement
Tran, Vu Tung Lam. "Purification du biogaz pour sa valorisation énergétique : adsorption de siloxanes sur charbons actifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1074.
Full textBiogas issued from the anaerobic digestion of organic materials is a renewable energy source that can replace natural gas in many applications. For a better energy recovery of biogas, this work focuses on the elimination of the volatile organic compounds of silicon (siloxanes) in biogas by the adsorption onto porous materials. Three commercial activated carbons (CA) were used for the adsorption of siloxanes. Their physicochemical properties are characterized by several techniques. Measurement of adsorption capacity of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) revealed a CA that works better than the others. In presence of water vapor, the adsorption capacities of all AC can be reduced more or less depending on the degree of relative humidity and the presence of the hydrophilic sites on the surface of AC. Also, D4 adsorption capacity of samples with these specific sites is reduced after thermodesorption due to formation of nonvolatile species on the surface of AC. Tests with other siloxanes showed that the polymerization phenomenon occurred with different reactivity and mechanism, depending on the nature of the CA and siloxane. The polymerization is always more important for the CA which has more hydrophilic sites, thus leading to its lower regenerability
Ghouali, Amel. "Analyse et contrôle optimal d'un bioréacteur de digestion anaérobie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS106/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the optimal control of an anaerobic digestor for maximizing its biogas production. In particular, using a simple model of the anaerobic digestion process, we derive a control law to maximize the biogas production over a period of time using the dilution rate D(.) as the control variable. Depending on initial conditions and constraints on the actuator, the search for a solution to the optimal control problem reveals very different levels of difficulty. In the first part, we consider that there are no severe constraints on the actuator. In particular, the interval in which the input flow rate lives includes the value which allows the biogas to be maximized at equilibrium. For this case, named WDAC (Well Dimensioned Actuator Case) we solve the optimal control problem using classical tools of differential equations analysis.Numerical simulations illustrate the robustness of the control law with respect to several parameters, notably with respect to initial conditions. We use these results to show that an heuristic control law proposed in the literature is optimal in a certain sense. The optimal trajectories are then compared with those given by a purely numerical optimal control solver (i.e. the "BOCOP" toolkit) which is an open-source toolbox for solving optimal control problems. When the exact analytical solution to the optimal control problem cannot be found, we suggest that such numerical tool can be used to intuiter optimal solutions.In the second part, the problem of maximizing the biogas production is treated when the actuator is under (-over) dimensioned. These are the cases UDAC (Under Dimensioned Actuator Cases) and ODAC (Over Dimensioned Actuator Cases). Then we solve these optimal problems using the Maximum Principle of Pontryagin
Morais, Joácio de Araujo júnior Gourdon Rémy Bayard Rémy. "Influence des pré-traitements mécaniques et biologiques des Ordures Ménagères Résiduelles (OMR) sur leur comportement bio-physico-chimique en Installation de Stockage de Déchets (ISD)." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=de_araujo_morais.
Full textChiriac, Rodica Elena Carré Jean Perrodin Yves. "Caractérisation des émissions de composés organiques volatils issus des centres de stockage de déchets ménagers et assimilés et de leur dispersion dans l'environnement." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chiriac.
Full textFedeli, Matteo. "Vers la valorisation des déchets industriels : production de bio-DME à partir de biogaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP018.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis investigates the industrial feasibility of bio-dimethyl ether (bio- DME) production from biogas. The study encompasses a thorough exploration, including a comprehensive techno-economic-environmental comparison of conventional and alternative biogas utilization, dynamic behavior analysis of the bio-DME process, economic evaluations of direct and indirect DME production methods, and the proposal of an innovative bio-DME synthesis process featuring high CO2 activity catalysts and a licensed reactor from Politecnico di Milano. Utilizing advanced simulation tools (Aspen HYSYSv11, Aspen PLUSv11, AVEVA™Dynamic Simulation), environmental impact assessment software (SimaPro), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis with Matlab, the research yields significant results. The dynamic simulation reveals optimal design layouts, and the proposed bio-DME process achieves a steady-state condition in approximately 11 hours, producing 99.9% pure product at a rate of 16,800 tons/year. The comparative study between direct and indirect DME production methods indicates similar profitability levels but with distinctions in initial capital investment and operational costs. Furthermore, the environmental impact assessment demonstrates that bio-DME production exhibits superior environmental performance, particularly in categories such as global warming potential (GWP), ecotoxicity, land use, and water usage. The study emphasizes the critical role of government incentives in making bio-DME production economically viable and environmentally sustainable. This research contributes valuable insights into the field of sustainable energy production, highlighting the potential of bio-DME synthesis and the significance of innovative process configurations
Sales, Silva Luiz Paulo. "Procédé de séparation par formation sélective d'hydrates de gaz pour la valorisation du biogaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY021.
Full textBiogas represents an alternative path to fossil energies. It is composed mainly by methane and carbon dioxide. This couple must be separated in a gas separation process. In recent years, the new process based on gas hydrate formation (GSHF) has taken special attention in academic community. Besides, the use of thermodynamic promoters can increase the efficiency of the process. Since GSFH is based on phase transition phenomenon, knowledge about phase equilibria is essential. In this project, we have selected and studied four thermodynamic promoters (tretrabutylammonium bromide / TBAB; tetrabutylphosphonium bromide / TBPB; tributylphosphine oxide / TBPO; tetrahydropyran / THP) that have potential to improve GSFH process of biogas in terms of stability gain (less energy consumption), kinetics and selectivity. One part of this project consisted in determining the gas hydrate equilibrium conditions involving these promoters and the different gas phases (CO2, CH4 and simulated biogas). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were applied to measure the phase transition temperatures. Therefore, new phase equilibrium data were determined for the promoter/gas hydrate systems. In the second part of the project, we carried out quantitative measurements in an instrumented reactor in order to evaluate the GSFH process for upgrading biogas. Each promoter was evaluated in kinetics and thermodynamics aspects, such as crystal growth rate, amount of gas trapped into the hydrate phase, and selectivity. The optimization of the hydrate formation / dissociation cycle showed excellent results in terms of kinetics improvement
Hess, Jonathan. "Modélisation de la qualité du biogaz produit par un fermenteur méthanogène et stratégie de régulation en vue de sa valorisation." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257347.
Full textCe lien implique une relation linéaire entre la qualité du biogaz et la concentration en CO2 dissous, qui sert à améliorer les modèles existants. Un indice de risque de déstabilisation du procédé est construit à partir d'une analyse de stabilité d'un modèle simplifié. Cette procédure, appliquée à un procédé pilote, peut détecter une éventuelle déstabilisation du fermenteur, plus tôt que les indicateurs usuels (pH, acides gras volatils). Enfin, nous introduisons une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle de la qualité du biogaz basée sur la régulation de l'alcalinité dans le digesteur. Différentes lois de commande sont proposées et validées expérimentalement sur un réacteur pilote.
Gasquet, Valentine. "Epuration d’H2S du biogaz à partir de résidus de traitement thermique bruts et formulés : Comparaison des performances et compréhension des mécanismes d’adsorption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI106.
Full textBiogas is a renewable, local, non-intermittent energy which can be used in different ways. Before its valorization, it is necessary to clean this gas, notably to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This component can be removed by adsorption on noble materials such as activated carbon (AC). In order to reduce the waste disposal and participate to circular economy while reducing the cleaning costs, the use of thermal treatment residues (TTR), close to traditional adsorbents, receives more and more attention to remove H2S from biogas. First, an analytical method was developed in order to quantify the amount of sulfur present in different materials with TGA-DSC under air and nitrogen atmosphere. The amount of organic matter in the material and its porosity affect elemental sulfur oxidation when experiments were carried out with air and also its vaporization. Organic matter vulcanization was also observed, leading to the formation of longer and more complex carbon chains. During this thesis, three types of TTR were used for the removal of H2S from a landfill biogas: biomass ash (BA), biochar (BCH) and incinerated sewage sludge (ISS). It was found that two of them are not sufficiently efficient as themselves for H2S removal. Final adsorption capacities of BCH and ISS were quite low and these materials never adsorbed the total amount of H2S entering in the reactor. On the contrary, BA was a good adsorbent with a final adsorption capacity of 175 mgH2S/gDM. The materials characterization let us understand the adsorption mechanisms leading to H2S removal. For all the materials, at the beginning of the experiment, the conditions are favorable to H2S chimisorption into elemental sulfur. However, while BA and ISS have a buffering capacity leading to the basicity of the solid, BCH begin acid. Then, non-selective physisorption takes place with this TRR. ISS adsorption was limited by its too low porosity and BCH by the absence of catalyst minerals and its too low density. Comparison of removal performances of TTR also highlights the influence of humidity on adsorption efficiency for ISS as well as the effect of gas flow on experimental adsorption test. With the adsorption efficiency comparison between the different TTR, it seems interesting to associate materials with different characteristics in order to try to obtain more efficient adsorbents and consequently find a valorization way for all the TTR. Adsorption experiments with a synthetic biogas were first performed in order to assess the potential of various formulations. A strong synergy was observed with the formulation with ISS and 10-30 % of AC. The encouraging results obtained with the synthetic biogas were confirmed with an experiment using a landfill biogas and a larger reactor. ISS itself was indeed a bad adsorbent but the addition of AC provides enough porosity to efficiently adsorb H2S
Allam, Nadine. "Estimation des émissions surfaciques du biogaz dans une installation de stockage des déchets non dangereux." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0187/document.
Full textLandfill sites produce biogas by degradation of biodegradable organic matter. Biogas mainly composed of CH4 and CO2 represents a major environmental challenge. This study propose a method to estimate biogas surface emissions in landfill sites using atmospheric dispersion modeling of a tracer gas, in this case, methane. The spatial and temporal dynamics of CH4 and VOC concentrations have been followed on the studied landfill site (Séché Environnement) for several weather conditions. Measurement results show low atmospheric VOC and CH4 concentrations on the studied landfill site which validates low emissions of these compounds. Detected VOC are emitted by different sources, excluding the landfill site. The contribution of these sources on VOC concentrations is more important than that of the landfill site and no VOC could be identified as tracer of biogas emitted by landfill site. However, CH4 is emitted by the landfill site, its principal source. Two methods are proposed to estimate methane surface emissions using a Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model ADMS. Gaussian model is validated by comparison of the temporal dynamics and atmospheric concentrations of methane measured on the site and those modeled. The first method is based on an inverse approach and the second one is a statistical regression approach. CH4 emissions are estimated for the exposure period of the laser diode to the site emissions and for 4 weather scenarios identified by a hierarchical classification. Results validate the influence of meteorological parameters, especially the stability of the atmosphere, on the atmospheric dispersion and methane surface emissions
Furlan, Sandra Aparecida. "Contribution à l'étude de la bioconversion du xylose par les levures." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT017G.
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