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Journal articles on the topic 'BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Ford, David. "Assimilating synthetic Biogeochemical-Argo and ocean colour observations into a global ocean model to inform observing system design." Biogeosciences 18, no. 2 (2021): 509–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-509-2021.

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Abstract. A set of observing system simulation experiments was performed. This assessed the impact on global ocean biogeochemical reanalyses of assimilating chlorophyll from remotely sensed ocean colour and in situ observations of chlorophyll, nitrate, oxygen, and pH from a proposed array of Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Two potential BGC-Argo array distributions were tested: one for which biogeochemical sensors are placed on all current Argo floats and one for which biogeochemical sensors are placed on a quarter of current Argo floats. Assimilating BGC-Argo data greatly improved mode

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Izett, Robert W., Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson. "Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats." Biogeosciences 21, no. 1 (2024): 13–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024.

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Abstract. This paper provides an overview and demonstration of emerging float-based methods for quantifying gross primary production (GPP) and net community production (NCP) using Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) float data. Recent publications have described GPP methods that are based on the detection of diurnal oscillations in upper-ocean oxygen or particulate organic carbon concentrations using single profilers or a composite of BGC-Argo floats. NCP methods rely on budget calculations to partition observed tracer variations into physical or biological processes occurring over timescales great

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Teruzzi, Anna, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini. "Deep chlorophyll maximum and nutricline in the Mediterranean Sea: emerging properties from a multi-platform assimilated biogeochemical model experiment." Biogeosciences 18, no. 23 (2021): 6147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6147-2021.

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Abstract. Data assimilation has led to advancements in biogeochemical modelling and scientific understanding of the ocean. The recent operational availability of data from BGC-Argo (biogeochemical Argo) floats, which provide valuable insights into key vertical biogeochemical processes, stands to further improve biogeochemical modelling through assimilation schemes that include float observations in addition to traditionally assimilated satellite data. In the present work, we demonstrate the feasibility of joint multi-platform assimilation in realistic biogeochemical applications by presenting

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Amadio, Carolina, Anna Teruzzi, Gloria Pietropolli, Luca Manzoni, Gianluca Coidessa, and Gianpiero Cossarini. "Combining neural networks and data assimilation to enhance the spatial impact of Argo floats in the Copernicus Mediterranean biogeochemical model." Ocean Science 20, no. 3 (2024): 689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-20-689-2024.

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Abstract. Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) float profiles provide substantial information on key vertical biogeochemical dynamics and have been successfully integrated in biogeochemical models via data assimilation approaches. Although BGC-Argo assimilation results have been encouraging, data scarcity remains a limitation with respect to their effective use in operational oceanography. To address availability gaps in the BGC-Argo profiles, an observing system experiment (OSE) that combines a neural network (NN) and data assimilation (DA) was performed here. A NN was used to reconstruct nitrate p

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Mignot, Alexandre, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, et al. "Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design." Biogeosciences 20, no. 7 (2023): 1405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023.

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Abstract. Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming the major tools used to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and to monitor ocean health. However, with the continuous improvement of model structure and spatial resolution, incorporation of these additional degrees of freedom into fidelity assessment has become increasingly challenging. Here, we propose a new method to provide information on the model predictive skill in a concise way. The method is based on the conjoint use of a k-means clustering technique, assessment metrics, and Biogeochemical-

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Wang, Bin, Katja Fennel, and Liuqian Yu. "Can assimilation of satellite observations improve subsurface biological properties in a numerical model? A case study for the Gulf of Mexico." Ocean Science 17, no. 4 (2021): 1141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1141-2021.

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Abstract. Given current threats to ocean ecosystem health, there is a growing demand for accurate biogeochemical hindcasts, nowcasts, and predictions. Provision of such products requires data assimilation, i.e., a comprehensive strategy for incorporating observations into biogeochemical models, but current data streams of biogeochemical observations are generally considered insufficient for the operational provision of such products. This study investigates to what degree the assimilation of satellite observations in combination with a priori model calibration by sparse BGC-Argo profiles can i

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Claustre, Hervé, Kenneth S. Johnson, and Yuichiro Takeshita. "Observing the Global Ocean with Biogeochemical-Argo." Annual Review of Marine Science 12, no. 1 (2020): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010956.

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Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) is a network of profiling floats carrying sensors that enable observation of as many as six essential biogeochemical and bio-optical variables: oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll a, suspended particles, and downwelling irradiance. This sensor network represents today's most promising strategy for collecting temporally and vertically resolved observations of biogeochemical properties throughout the ocean. All data are freely available within 24 hours of transmission. These data fill large gaps in ocean-observing systems and support three ambitions: gaining a better

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Terzić, Elena, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, et al. "Merging bio-optical data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry." Biogeosciences 16, no. 12 (2019): 2527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019.

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Abstract. New autonomous robotic platforms for observing the ocean, i.e. Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats, have drastically increased the number of vertical profiles of irradiance, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), and algal chlorophyll concentrations around the globe independent of the season. Such data may therefore be a fruitful resource to improve performances of numerical models for marine biogeochemistry. Here we present a work that integrates 1314 vertical profiles of PAR acquired by 31 BGC-Argo floats operated in the Mediterranean Sea between 2012 and 2016 into a one-d

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Shu, Chan, Peng Xiu, Xiaogang Xing, et al. "Biogeochemical Model Optimization by Using Satellite-Derived Phytoplankton Functional Type Data and BGC-Argo Observations in the Northern South China Sea." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (2022): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051297.

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Marine biogeochemical models have been widely used to understand ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycles. To resolve more processes, models typically increase in complexity, and require optimization of more parameters. Data assimilation is an essential tool for parameter optimization, which can reduce model uncertainty and improve model predictability. At present, model parameters are often adjusted using sporadic in-situ measurements or satellite-derived total chlorophyll-a concentration at sea surface. However, new ocean datasets and satellite products have become available, providing a

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Germineaud, Cyril, Jean-Michel Brankart, and Pierre Brasseur. "An Ensemble-Based Probabilistic Score Approach to Compare Observation Scenarios: An Application to Biogeochemical-Argo Deployments." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 12 (2019): 2307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0002.1.

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AbstractA cross-validation algorithm is developed to perform probabilistic observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The use of a probability distribution of “true” states is considered rather than a single “truth” using a cross-validation algorithm in which each member of an ensemble simulation is alternatively used as the “truth” and to simulate synthetic observation data that reflect the observing system to be evaluated. The other available members are used to produce an updated ensemble by assimilating the specific data, while a probabilistic evaluation of the observation impacts is

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Renosh, Pannimpullath Remanan, Jie Zhang, Raphaëlle Sauzède, and Hervé Claustre. "Vertically Resolved Global Ocean Light Models Using Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 15, no. 24 (2023): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245663.

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The vertical distribution of light and its spectral composition are critical factors influencing numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes within the oceanic water column. In this study, we present vertically resolved models of downwelling irradiance (ED) at three different wavelengths and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) on a global scale. These models rely on the SOCA (Satellite Ocean Color merged with Argo data to infer bio-optical properties to depth) methodology, which is based on an artificial neural network (ANN). The new light models are trained with light profi

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Bellacicco, Vellucci, Scardi, Barbieux, Marullo, and D’Ortenzio. "Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations." Sensors 19, no. 13 (2019): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133032.

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Linear regression is widely used in applied sciences and, in particular, in satellite optical oceanography, to relate dependent to independent variables. It is often adopted to establish empirical algorithms based on a finite set of measurements, which are later applied to observations on a larger scale from platforms such as autonomous profiling floats equipped with optical instruments (e.g., Biogeochemical Argo floats; BGC-Argo floats) and satellite ocean colour sensors (e.g., SeaWiFS, VIIRS, OLCI). However, different methods can be applied to a given pair of variables to determine the coeff

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Sauzède, R., J. E. Johnson, H. Claustre, G. Camps-Valls, and A. B. Ruescas. "ESTIMATION OF OCEANIC PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON WITH MACHINE LEARNING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-949-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding and quantifying ocean carbon sinks of the planet is of paramount relevance in the current scenario of global change. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a key biogeochemical parameter that helps us characterize export processes of the ocean. Ocean color observations enable the estimation of bio-optical proxies of POC (i.e. particulate backscattering coefficient, bbp) in the surface layer of the ocean quasi-synoptically. In parallel, the Argo program distributes vertical profiles of the physical properties with a global coverage and a high spatio-temporal resolution. Mer

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Barbieux, Marie, Julia Uitz, Bernard Gentili, et al. "Bio-optical characterization of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the Mediterranean Sea from a Biogeochemical-Argo float database." Biogeosciences 16, no. 6 (2019): 1321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1321-2019.

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Abstract. As commonly observed in oligotrophic stratified waters, a subsurface (or deep) chlorophyll maximum (SCM) frequently characterizes the vertical distribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea. Occurring far from the surface layer “seen” by ocean colour satellites, SCMs are difficult to observe with adequate spatio-temporal resolution and their biogeochemical impact remains unknown. Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) profiling floats represent appropriate tools for studying the dynamics of SCMs. Based on data collected from 36 BGC-Argo floats deployed in the Mediterranea

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Ryan-Keogh, Thomas J., Sandy J. Thomalla, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, and Alessandro Tagliabue. "Multidecadal trend of increasing iron stress in Southern Ocean phytoplankton." Science 379, no. 6634 (2023): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl5237.

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Southern Ocean primary productivity is principally controlled by adjustments in light and iron limitation, but the spatial and temporal determinants of iron availability, accessibility, and demand are poorly constrained, which hinders accurate long-term projections. We present a multidecadal record of phytoplankton photophysiology between 1996 and 2022 from historical in situ datasets collected by Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats and ship-based platforms. We find a significant multidecadal trend in irradiance-normalized nonphotochemical quenching due to increasing iron stress, with concom

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Pietropolli, Gloria, Luca Manzoni, and Gianpiero Cossarini. "PPCon 1.0: Biogeochemical-Argo profile prediction with 1D convolutional networks." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 20 (2024): 7347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7347-2024.

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Abstract. Effective observation of the ocean is vital for studying and assessing the state and evolution of the marine ecosystem and for evaluating the impact of human activities. However, obtaining comprehensive oceanic measurements across temporal and spatial scales and for different biogeochemical variables remains challenging. Autonomous oceanographic instruments, such as Biogeochemical (BGC)-Argo profiling floats, have helped expand our ability to obtain subsurface and deep-ocean measurements, but measuring biogeochemical variables, such as nutrient concentration, still remains more deman

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Matsumoto, George I., Kenneth S. Johnson, Steve Riser, Lynne Talley, Susan Wijffels, and Roberta Hotinski. "The Global Ocean Biogeochemistry (GO-BGC) Array of Profiling Floats to Observe Changing Ocean Chemistry and Biology." Marine Technology Society Journal 56, no. 3 (2022): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.3.25.

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Abstract The Global Ocean Biogeochemistry (GO-BGC) Array is a project funded by the US National Science Foundation to build a global network of chemical and biological sensors on Argo profiling floats. The network will monitor biogeochemical cycles and ocean health. The floats will collect from a depth of 2,000 meters to the surface, augmenting the existing <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://argo.ucsd.edu/">Argo array</ext-link> that monitors ocean temperature and salinity. Data will be made freely available within a day of being collected via the Argo data system. T

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Barbieux, Marie, Julia Uitz, Alexandre Mignot, et al. "Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats." Biogeosciences 19, no. 4 (2022): 1165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022.

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Abstract. This study assesses marine community production based on the diel variability of bio-optical properties monitored by two BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Experiments were conducted in two distinct Mediterranean systems, the northwestern Ligurian Sea and the central Ionian Sea, during summer months. We derived particulate organic carbon (POC) stock and gross community production integrated within the surface, euphotic and subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layers, using an existing approach applied to diel cycle measurements of the particulate beam attenuation (cp) and backsca

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Wang, Bin, Katja Fennel, Liuqian Yu, and Christopher Gordon. "Assessing the value of biogeochemical Argo profiles versus ocean color observations for biogeochemical model optimization in the Gulf of Mexico." Biogeosciences 17, no. 15 (2020): 4059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4059-2020.

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Abstract. Biogeochemical ocean models are useful tools but subject to uncertainties arising from simplifications, inaccurate parameterization of processes, and poorly known model parameters. Parameter optimization is a standard method for addressing the latter but typically cannot constrain all biogeochemical parameters because of insufficient observations. Here we assess the trade-offs between satellite observations of ocean color and biogeochemical (BGC) Argo profiles and the benefits of combining both observation types for optimizing biogeochemical parameters in a model of the Gulf of Mexic

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Freilich, Mara, Alexandre Mignot, Glenn Flierl, and Raffaele Ferrari. "Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation." Biogeosciences 18, no. 20 (2021): 5595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021.

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Abstract. Recent observations have shown that phytoplankton biomass increases in the North Atlantic during winter, even when the mixed layer is deepening and light is limited. Current theories suggest that this is due to a release from grazing pressure. Here we demonstrate that the often-used grazing models that are linear at low phytoplankton concentration do not allow for a wintertime increase in phytoplankton biomass. However, mathematical formulations of grazing as a function of phytoplankton concentration that are quadratic at low concentrations (or more generally decrease faster than lin

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Ricour, Florian, Arthur Capet, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Bruno Delille, and Marilaure Grégoire. "Dynamics of the deep chlorophyll maximum in the Black Sea as depicted by BGC-Argo floats." Biogeosciences 18, no. 2 (2021): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-755-2021.

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Abstract. The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a well-known feature of the global ocean. However, its description and the study of its formation are a challenge, especially in the peculiar environment that is the Black Sea. The retrieval of chlorophyll a (chl a) from fluorescence (Fluo) profiles recorded by Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats is not trivial in the Black Sea, due to the very high content of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) which contributes to the fluorescence signal and produces an apparent increase in the chl a concentration with depth. Here, we revised Fluo correc

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Organelli, Emanuele, Marie Barbieux, Hervé Claustre, et al. "Two databases derived from BGC-Argo float measurements for marine biogeochemical and bio-optical applications." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (2017): 861–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017.

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Abstract. Since 2012, an array of 105 Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats has been deployed across the world's oceans to assist in filling observational gaps that are required for characterizing open-ocean environments. Profiles of biogeochemical (chlorophyll and dissolved organic matter) and optical (single-wavelength particulate optical backscattering, downward irradiance at three wavelengths, and photosynthetically available radiation) variables are collected in the upper 1000 m every 1 to 10 days. The database of 9837 vertical profiles collected up to January 2016 is presented and its sp

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Galí, Martí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello. "Bridging the gaps between particulate backscattering measurements and modeled particulate organic carbon in the ocean." Biogeosciences 19, no. 4 (2022): 1245–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022.

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Abstract. Oceanic particulate organic carbon (POC) is a small but dynamic component of the global carbon cycle. Biogeochemical models historically focused on reproducing the sinking flux of POC driven by large fast-sinking particles (LPOC). However, suspended and slow-sinking particles (SPOC, here < 100 µm) dominate the total POC (TPOC) stock, support a large fraction of microbial respiration, and can make sizable contributions to vertical fluxes. Recent developments in the parameterization of POC reactivity in PISCES (Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies model; PISC

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Taillandier, Vincent, Thibaut Wagener, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, et al. "Hydrography and biogeochemistry dedicated to the Mediterranean BGC-Argo network during a cruise with RV <i>Tethys 2</i> in May 2015." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 1 (2018): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-627-2018.

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Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise, covering western, central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, on the French research vessel Tethys 2 in May 2015. This cruise was fully dedicated to the maintenance and the metrological verification of a biogeochemical observing system based on a fleet of BGC-Argo floats. During the cruise, a comprehensive data set of parameters sensed by the autonomous network was collected. The measurements include ocean currents, seawater salinity and temperature, and concentrations of inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll pig

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Sun, Miao, Peng Chen, Zhenhua Zhang, and Yunzhou Li. "Seasonal Variability in the Relationship between the Volume-Scattering Function at 180° and the Backscattering Coefficient Observed from Spaceborne Lidar and Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) Floats." Remote Sensing 16, no. 15 (2024): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16152704.

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The derivation of the particulate-backscattering coefficient (bbp) from Lidar signals is highly influenced by the parameter χp(π), which is defined by χp(π) = bbp/(2πβp(π)). This parameter facilitates the correlation of the particulate-volume-scattering function at 180°, denoted βp(π), with bbp. However, studies exploring the global and seasonal fluctuations of χp(π) remain sparse, largely due to measurement difficulties of βp(π) in the field conditions. This study pioneers the global data collection for χp(π), integrating bbp observations from Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats and βp(π) d

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Metzl, Nicolas, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, et al. "A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 1 (2024): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024.

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Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties with respect to understanding the ocean carbon cycle and its link to global change (ocean carbon sinks and sources, ocean acidification) and ultimately finding carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine carbon removal). We present a database of more than 44 400 AT and CT observations along with basic ancillary data (spatiotemporal location, depth, temperature and salinity) from various ocean regions obtained, mainly in the framework of French projects, since 1993. This includ

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Metzl, Nicolas, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, et al. "An updated synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2023: the SNAPO-CO₂-v2 dataset." Earth System Science Data 17, no. 3 (2025): 1075–100. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025.

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Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties to understand the ocean carbon cycle and its link with global change (ocean carbon sinks and sources, ocean acidification) and ultimately to find carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine carbon removal). We present an extended database (SNAPO-CO2; Metzl et al., 2024c) with 24 700 new additional data for the period 2002 to 2023. The full database now includes more than 67 000 AT and CT observations along with basic ancillary data (time and space location, depth, temperature,

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Petihakis, George, Leonidas Perivoliotis, Gerasimos Korres, et al. "An integrated open-coastal biogeochemistry, ecosystem and biodiversity observatory of the eastern Mediterranean – the Cretan Sea component of the POSEIDON system." Ocean Science 14, no. 5 (2018): 1223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1223-2018.

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Abstract. There is a general scarcity of oceanic observations that concurrently examine air–sea interactions, coastal–open-ocean processes and physical–biogeochemical processes, in appropriate spatiotemporal scales and under continuous, long-term data acquisition schemes. In the Mediterranean Sea, the resulting knowledge gaps and observing challenges increase due to its oligotrophic character, especially in the eastern part of the basin. The oligotrophic open Cretan Sea's biogeochemistry is considered to be representative of a greater Mediterranean area up to 106 km2, and understanding its fea

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Lazzari, Paolo, Stefano Salon, Elena Terzić, et al. "Assessment of the spectral downward irradiance at the surface of the Mediterranean Sea using the radiative Ocean-Atmosphere Spectral Irradiance Model (OASIM)." Ocean Science 17, no. 3 (2021): 675–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-675-2021.

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Abstract. A multiplatform assessment of the Ocean–Atmosphere Spectral Irradiance Model (OASIM) radiative model focussed on the Mediterranean Sea for the period 2004–2017 is presented. The BOUée pour l'acquiSition d'une Série Optique à Long termE (BOUSSOLE) mooring and biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) float optical sensor observations are combined with model outputs to analyse the spatial and temporal variabilities in the downward planar irradiance at the ocean–atmosphere interface. The correlations between the data and model are always higher than 0.6. With the exception of downward photosynthet

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Chen, Shuangling, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai. "Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data." Biogeosciences 18, no. 19 (2021): 5539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021.

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Abstract. Subduction associated with mesoscale eddies is an important but difficult-to-observe process that can efficiently export carbon and oxygen to the mesopelagic zone (100–1000 dbar). Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific (20–50∘ N, 120–180∘ E), we identified imprints of episodic subduction using anomalies in dissolved oxygen and spicity, a water mass marker. These subduction patches were present in 4.0 % (288) of the total profiles (7120) between 2008 and 2019, situated mainly in the Kuroshio Extension region between March and August (70.6 %). Roughly 31 % an

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Chen, Jianqiang, Xun Gong, Xinyu Guo, et al. "Improved Perceptron of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima by a Deep Neural Network: A Case Study with BGC-Argo Float Data in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030632.

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Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs), commonly occurring beneath the surface mixed layer in coastal seas and open oceans, account for main changes in depth-integrated primary production and hence significantly contribute to the global carbon cycle. To fill the gap of previous methods (in situ measurement, remote sensing, and the extrapolating function based on surface-ocean data) for obtaining SCM characteristics (intensity, depth, and thickness), we developed an improved deep neural network (IDNN) model using a Gaussian radial basis activation function to retrieve the vertical profile of chlo

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Di Biagio, Valeria, Stefano Salon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini. "Subsurface oxygen maximum in oligotrophic marine ecosystems: mapping the interaction between physical and biogeochemical processes." Biogeosciences 19, no. 23 (2022): 5553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022.

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Abstract. The subsurface oxygen maximum (SOM) is observed in oligotrophic oceans and is associated with different physical and biological processes. This study characterizes the SOM in the Mediterranean Sea at the basin scale and investigates its driving mechanisms by analysing the output of the 1/24∘ resolution biogeochemical reanalysis provided by the Copernicus Marine Service for the 1999–2019 time period. We validated the model-derived oxygen concentration in the epipelagic layer at different spatial and temporal scales, including novel process comparisons with estimates from in situ obser

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Chamberlain, Paul, Lynne D. Talley, Bruce Cornuelle, Matthew Mazloff, and Sarah T. Gille. "Optimizing The Biogeochemical Argo Float Distribution." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, July 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-22-0093.1.

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Abstract The core Argo array has operated with the design goal of uniform spatial distribution of 3° in latitude and longitude. Recent studies have acknowledged that spatial and temporal scales of variability in some parts of the ocean are not resolved by 3° sampling and have recommended increased core Argo density in the equatorial region, boundary currents, and marginal seas with an integrated vision of other Argo variants. Biogeochemical (BGC) Argo floats currently observe the ocean from a collection of pilot arrays, but recently funded proposals will transition these pilot arrays to a glob

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Hayashida, Hakase, Peter G. Strutton, Fuminori Hashihama, Naho Horimoto-Miyazaki, Toshiya Katano, and Saori Yasui-Tamura. "Status and prospects of biogeochemical Argo observations of chlorophyll-a in the northwest Pacific." Journal of Oceanography, February 28, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-025-00750-2.

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Abstract Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats are autonomous marine observing platforms that monitor chlorophyll-a and other indicators of ocean ecosystem health globally. Since 2018, there has been an increase in the number of chlorophyll-a observations in the northwest Pacific due to the deployment of BGC-Argo floats. Such progress offers an unprecedented opportunity to develop a skillful operational ocean biogeochemical model. Here, we assess the performance of BGC-Argo floats in measuring chlorophyll-a concentrations and their spatiotemporal structures via comparison with satellite and sh

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Stoer, Adam C., Yuichiro Takeshita, Tanya Lee Maurer, et al. "A census of quality-controlled Biogeochemical-Argo float measurements." Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (October 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1233289.

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Biogeochemical- (BGC-) Argo aims to deploy and maintain a global array of autonomous profiling floats to monitor ocean biogeochemistry. With over 250,000 profiles collected so far, the BGC-Argo network is rapidly expanding toward the target of a sustained fleet of 1,000 floats. These floats prioritize the measurement of six key properties: oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll-a, suspended particles, and downwelling light. To assess the current biogeochemical state of the ocean, its variability, and trends with confidence, it is crucial to quality control these measurements. Accordingly, BGC-Argo m

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Johnson, Gregory, and Andrea Fassbender. "After Two Decades, Argo at PMEL, Looks to the Future." Oceanography, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.223.

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The NOAA Pacific Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has contributed to the revolutionary Argo ocean observing system since its inception, developing CTD calibration algorithms and software that have been adopted by the international Argo community. PMEL has provided over 1,440 Argo floats—~13% of the global array—with ~500 currently active. PMEL scientific contributions using Argo data have ranged from regional to global analyses of ocean circulation and water-mass variability, to ocean warming and its contributions to sea level rise and Earth’s energy imbalance, to estimates of global ocean deox

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Jemai, Ahlem, Jochen Wollschläger, Daniela Voß, and Oliver Zielinski. "Radiometry on Argo Floats: From the Multispectral State-of-the-Art on the Step to Hyperspectral Technology." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (July 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.676537.

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Over the past two decades, robotic technology such as Argo floats have revolutionized operational autonomous measurement of the oceans. Recently, Biogeochemical Argo floats (BGC-Argo floats) have measured optical and biogeochemical quantities down to a depth of 2,000 m. Among these parameters, are measurements of the underwater light field from which apparent optical properties (AOPs), such as the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance Kd(λ), can be derived. Presently, multispectral observations are available on this platform at three wavelengths (with 10–20 nm bandwidths)

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La Forgia, Giovanni, and Emanuele Organelli. "Real‐time quality assessment for Biogeochemical Argo radiometric profiles." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, June 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10701.

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AbstractAn ever‐increasing number of Biogeochemical (BGC) Argo floats equipped with radiometric sensors have been deployed across the World Ocean. To date, more than 50,000 vertical profiles from 0 to at least 250 dbar of photosynthetically available radiation and downwelling irradiance at 3, narrow wavelengths have been acquired. For scientific use of radiometric data, corrections for temperature effects and sensor drift are necessary. However, these adjustments are only partially provided in delayed mode, almost a year after acquisition and distribution. This makes automatic, real‐time quali

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Stoer, Adam, Yuichiro Takeshita, Tanya Maurer, et al. "Processing and Data for "A Census of Quality-Controlled Biogeochemical-Argo Float Measurements"." Frontiers in Marine Science, October 27, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10056221.

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*** Note: The first version had an incorrect bgc.float.qa.py uploaded. Some aesthetic changes were made during the proofing process, so the current version here aligns with the publication. Additionally, the tables originally formatted in an older version of Zenodo no longer appear to work properly, so I will have to come back and reformat them.<strong>Summary:</strong>This document contains the associated data and software for the article "A census of quality-controlled biogeochemical-Argo float measurements".<strong>Data Citation:</strong>Stoer, A.C., Takeshita, Y., Maurer, T., Begouen

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Dall'Olmo, Giorgio, TVS Udaya Bhaskar, Henry Bittig, et al. "Real-time quality control of optical backscattering data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats." Open Research Europe, October 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15047.1.

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Background: Biogeochemical-Argo floats are collecting an unprecedented number of profiles of optical backscattering measurements in the global ocean. Backscattering (BBP) data are crucial to understanding ocean particle dynamics and the biological carbon pump. Yet, so far, no procedures have been agreed upon to quality control BBP data in real time. Methods: Here, we present a new suite of real-time quality-control tests and apply them to the current global BBP Argo dataset. The tests were developed by expert BBP users and Argo data managers and have been implemented on a snapshot of the entir

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Dall'Olmo, Giorgio, TVS Udaya Bhaskar, Henry Bittig, et al. "Real-time quality control of optical backscattering data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats." Open Research Europe, May 30, 2023. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15047.2.

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Background: Biogeochemical-Argo floats are collecting an unprecedented number of profiles of optical backscattering measurements in the global ocean. Backscattering (BBP) data are crucial to understanding ocean particle dynamics and the biological carbon pump. Yet, so far, no procedures have been agreed upon to quality control BBP data in real time. Methods: Here, we present a new suite of real-time quality-control tests and apply them to the current global BBP Argo dataset. The tests were developed by expert BBP users and Argo data managers and have been implemented on a snapshot of the entir

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Osborne, Emily, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Madison Soden, Jennifer McWhorter, Leticia Barbero, and Rik Wanninkhof. "A neural network algorithm for quantifying seawater pH using Biogeochemical-Argo floats in the open Gulf of Mexico." Frontiers in Marine Science 11 (November 18, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1468909.

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Within the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), measurements of ocean pH are limited across space and time. This has hindered our ability to robustly monitor and study regional carbon dynamics, inclusive of ocean acidification, over this biogeochemically variable sea. The 2021 launch of Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) ocean profiling floats that carry five sensors represented the entry of this particular ocean observing technology into this region. The GOM BGC-Argo floats have vastly increased the number of oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and particulate backscattering profile observations wi

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Chu, Winnie U., Matthew R. Mazloff, Ariane Verdy, Sarah G. Purkey, and Bruce D. Cornuelle. "Optimizing observational arrays for biogeochemistry in the tropical Pacific by estimating correlation lengths." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, August 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10641.

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AbstractGlobal climate change has impacted ocean biogeochemistry and physical dynamics, causing increases in acidity and temperature, among other phenomena. These changes can lead to deleterious effects on marine ecosystems and communities that rely on these ecosystems for their livelihoods. To better quantify these changes, an array of floats fitted with biogeochemical sensors (BGC‐Argo) is being deployed throughout the ocean. This paper presents an algorithm for deriving a deployment strategy that maximizes the information captured by each float. The process involves using a model solution a

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Koestner, Daniel, Dariusz Stramski, and Rick A. Reynolds. "A Multivariable Empirical Algorithm for Estimating Particulate Organic Carbon Concentration in Marine Environments From Optical Backscattering and Chlorophyll-a Measurements." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (August 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.941950.

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Accurate estimates of the oceanic particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) from optical measurements have remained challenging because interactions between light and natural assemblages of marine particles are complex, depending on particle concentration, composition, and size distribution. In particular, the applicability of a single relationship between POC and the spectral particulate backscattering coefficient bbp(λ) across diverse oceanic environments is subject to high uncertainties because of the variable nature of particulate assemblages. These relationships have nevertheless bee

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Tanner, Ella Poppy, Harry Ewin, Johannes J. Viljoen, and Robert J. W. Brewin. "Revisiting the relationship between surface and column-integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Biogeochemical-Argo and satellite era." Frontiers in Remote Sensing 5 (December 11, 2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1495958.

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Phytoplankton occupy the oceans’ euphotic zone and are responsible for its primary production; thus, our ability to monitor their patterns of abundance and physiology is vital for tracking ocean health. Ocean colour sensors mounted on satellites can monitor the surface patterns of phytoplankton daily at global scales but cannot see into the subsurface. Autonomous robotic platforms, like Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) profiling floats, do not have the coverage of satellites but can monitor the subsurface. Combining these methods can help track phytoplankton patterns throughout the euphotic zone

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Uitz, J., C. Roesler, E. Organelli, et al. "Characterization of Bio‐Optical Anomalies in the Kerguelen Region, Southern Indian Ocean: A Study Based on Shipborne Sampling and BioGeoChemical‐Argo Profiling Floats." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 128, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc019671.

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AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) is known for its atypical bio‐optical regime. This complicates the interpretation of proxies measured from satellite and in situ platforms equipped with optical sensors, which occupy an important niche for monitoring the vast and remote SO. A ship‐based field study in concert with time series observations from BioGeoChemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) profiling floats were used to investigate spatial and temporal variations in bio‐optical relationships in the open ocean waters surrounding the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian sector of the SO. Compared to other regions with

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Mork, Kjell Arne, Kjell Gundersen, Knut Yngve Børsheim, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Øystein Skagseth, and Henrik Søiland. "Primary Production and Respiration in the Norwegian Sea Estimated From Biogeochemical Argo Floats." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 129, no. 6 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020568.

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AbstractBiogeochemical (BGC) Argo floats were used in this study to investigate phytoplankton blooms. We assessed the seasonal and annual rates of net primary and community production, along with respiration in the Norwegian Sea. The years 2020 and 2021 were contrasted to illuminate similarities and differences. In both years the onset of the bloom occurred at the beginning of February, coinciding with a deep winter mixed layer. However, during spring and summer the biological production appeared to develop differently. In 2020 the mixed layer depth shoaled quickly in April due to surface heat

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Maurer, Tanya L., Joshua N. Plant, and Kenneth S. Johnson. "Delayed-Mode Quality Control of Oxygen, Nitrate, and pH Data on SOCCOM Biogeochemical Profiling Floats." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (August 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.683207.

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The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project has deployed 194 profiling floats equipped with biogeochemical (BGC) sensors, making it one of the largest contributors to global BGC-Argo. Post-deployment quality control (QC) of float-based oxygen, nitrate, and pH data is a crucial step in the processing and dissemination of such data, as in situ chemical sensors remain in early stages of development. In situ calibration of chemical sensors on profiling floats using atmospheric reanalysis and empirical algorithms can bring accuracy to within 3 μmol O2 kg–1, 0.5

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Galán, Alexander, Gonzalo S. Saldías, Andrea Corredor-Acosta, Richard Muñoz, Carlos Lara, and José Luis Iriarte. "Argo Float Reveals Biogeochemical Characteristics Along the Freshwater Gradient Off Western Patagonia." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (July 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613265.

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The coastal region off Chilean Patagonia has been poorly studied due to the lack of available observations. Here we analyzed, by the very first time, biogeochemical (BGC) data to elucidate the role that biological and physical processes play on nitrate, oxygen, pH and hydrographic variables, along a salinity gradient off central Patagonia. Argo float profiles covering the upper ocean from December 2015 to July 2019 reveal that offshore waters are characterized by low temperatures and high salinities related to high oxygen and medium-high values of pH and nitrate. As the Argo float drifted onsh

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Zhou, Yesheng, Shuangling Chen, Wentao Ma, Jingyuan Xi, Zhiwei Zhang, and Xiaogang Xing. "Spatiotemporal variations of the oxycline and its response to subduction events in the Arabian Sea." Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (June 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1171614.

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The Arabian Sea is a significant hypoxic region in world’s oceans, characterized by the most extensive oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Both physical and biological processes can alter the vertical and horizontal distribution of dissolved oxygen within the upper ocean and affect the spatial and temporal distribution of hypoxia within the OMZ. To identify the key physical and biological factors influencing the boundaries of oxycline, we analyzed an extensive dataset collected from the biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats during the period of 2010–2022. In particular, we investigated the impact of

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