Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biogéographie – Europe de l'Ouest – Histoire'
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Callou, Cécile. "La diffusion du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en Europe occidentale : aspects historiques, biogéographiques, évolutifs et anthropologiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010565.
Full textMarchand, Didier. "L'évolution des Cardioceratinae d'Europe occidentale dans leur contexte paléobiogéographique : Callovien supérieur, Oxfordien moyen." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS026.
Full textUng, Visotheary. "Nouvelles inférences cladistiques sur la biogéographie historique du Sud-Est asiatique et de la région de l'Ouest du PacifiqueRéflexion sur une approche intégrative de la dimension temporelle en biogéographie historique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0010.
Full textHistorical biogeography is the science that deals with relationships between biogeographic areas, understood as set of taxa distributions. The complex geological history of South East Asia and the Indo‐West Pacific region makes it a very interesting area for biogeography studies. We propose a new approach, cladistic, for the study of this area around the famous “Wallace’s line”, placing our study in the paradigm of vicariance where speciation appears following the implementation of a geographic barrier (as opposed to the dispersal model from a center of origin, classically admitted). Indeed, here we use the existing analogy between Systematics and Biogeography to apply cladistics methods for Systematics to Biogeography. This is to answer the question : "Why is there such distributions of taxa in this region of the world ?” The expected results are a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the region and the life history traits of taxa that inhabit it. Provided that the joint distribution of several unrelated taxa cannot be obtained by "chance", thus it is necessarily due to a common event (ie a vicariant event) which affected equally these taxa. The cladistics approach we propose has been made possible by the completion of a software that implements the so‐called 3‐element analysis (3ia) method : LisBeth is now freely available for download from our website and offers new perspectives of analysis to its users, whether systematicians and biogeographers. We show that the representation of characters offered by LisBeth allows new inferences about the existing relationship between areas of endemism studied. We have highlighted the emergence of a general "pattern" from a joint analysis of 35 unrelated taxa (plants and animals). In a second step we are interested in a major theoretical problem of contemporary biogeography : "What about the time dimension in historical biogeography?". How to account unambiguously different time scales during diachronic analyzes ? We propose a model based on the 3ia which allows us to consider the temporal dimension and realize, therefore, true analysis of integrative biogeography
Brisset, Pierre. "L'Évolution des habitudes alimentaires et de la consommation des légumes en Europe occidentale : aspects historiques, géographiques et sociaux." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0025.
Full textThis evolution is presented in its wide historical and sociological stages from prehistoric times to the modern era. - the paucity of written sources prior to the beginning of the 19th century must first of all be noted. This study has tried to highlight the major stages of the evolution which ended with the presentation of peasant food at the end of the 18th century and that of townpeople at the beginning of the 19th century. In a second section devoted to the present day, after having indicated the principal sources used, the study concentrated on the recent factors trans foreign eating habits in western europe. The exemples of france and england were specially studied between the years 1960-64 and 1976-78. Recent statistics were used, but for vegetables, in view of the lack of coherent and complete documentation, the remainder method was used. The study emphasizes on the one hand the rough poor simplicity of the peasant diet which lasted until the beginning of the 19th century, and on the other, the variety of the dietary evolution found from the 16th century onwards in the great abbeys, the houses of the aristocracy, and in the towns. It underlines finally the profound social change with nowadays only affects two categories of conumer: the peasant masses ant the townpeople (citydweller) allowing only local particularities tocontinue to exist
Badel, Laurence. "Un milieu libéral européen : le grand commerce français, 1925-1948." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010649.
Full textCommerce, liberalism and europe are the three ideas at the heart of this thesis. Large scale french retail trade in the interwar period consists essentially of three types of enterprise: department stores, chain stores and popular price shops. In 1919, it represents only a small sector of the world of employer organisations. This sector will little by little organise itself in the interwar period, to the stage where it will acquire a real place along side public power. These employer organisations, representing and defending the activities of different sectors such as the groupement d'etudes des grands magasins (1919) and the federation nationale des entreprises a commerces multiples (1937), or the promotion of external commerce and the european idea like the comite d'action economique et douaniere (1925). These organisations together would promote public debate on the economy and europe. Jacques lacour-gayet, their principal representative is an example of a new high level unionised employer organisation official during the interwar period. Across this stand point one helps to maintain an integrated liberal discussion which rejects both the notions of a planned economy and at the same time the temptation of neo liberalism. The circles which are controlled by commerce play an important role during the liberation, in coordinating different pro-european movements with liberal tendencies. The number of these movements increased and organised themselves with the objective of sustaining a solid european based project
Feng, Chen. "La Découverte de l'Occident : regard anthropologique des premiers diplomates chinois sur l'Europe occidentale : 1866-1894." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0040.
Full textDuring the second half of the 19th century, the oing gouvernment sent the first chinese diplomates to western europe. According to the orders of the qing gouvernment, the chinese diplomates were obliged to submit written accounts on western civilization these diarries constitute a precious documentation of the immediate perception of western civilization by the first group of chinese intellectuals sent to europe. What surprised these trevellers most in western civilization? how do they perceive the cultural context of europe, using the chinese cultural and historical experences, their traditional intellectual formation and their own psychology? finally, how do they arrive at a readjustment of chinese culture in the world? these are tha main questions of this dissertation. Another subject: do these first chinese intellectuals sent to europe develop a kind of "occidentalisme" corresponding to western "orientalisme"?
Bonnet, Valérie. "La construction d'une langue savante en Europe du Ve au XIXe siècle : le latin et le grec dans les sciences." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/bonnet_v.
Full textHyacinthe, Rafaël. "L'ordre de saint-lazare de jerusalem en occident histoire : iconographie, archeologie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010508.
Full textCohen, Antonin. "Histoire d'un groupe dans l'institution d'une "communauté" européenne (1940-1950)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010322.
Full textRéveillard, Christophe. "Tentatives de construction d'une Europe fédérale (1940-1954) : les premières communautés ou le fédéralisme européen contre les nations." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040059.
Full textThe main problem of the first European communities was always in the opposition between the creation of a supranational concept, which was going to be a federal concept, and the preservation of national policies. During the Second World War, with the resistance, and in the post war years (1945 - 1950), the federal ideology was born and it grew in federal organizations. After addition of European coal and steel community (1951), European defense community (1952) and European politic community (1953) could afford to create a true European federation. However, the defeat of the European defense community, in august 54, was the defeat of the attempt of the federal Europe’s creation
Dahhaoui, Yann. "L'évêque des Innocents dans l'Europe médiévale (XIIe-XVe siècle)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010583.
Full textChadenas, Céline. "L'Homme et l'oiseau sur les littoraux d'Europe occidentale. Appropriation de l'espace et enjeux territoriaux : vers une gestion durable ?" Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202487.
Full textChanier, Christophe. "La firme Philips face à la construction de l'Europe : une multinationale sur la voie de l'intégration économique dans les années 50-60." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010537.
Full textLike economic integration, multinational firms are a sign of the growing internationalization of the world economy during the last decades. That precisely makes very interesting any historical study of the relation between those two facts. Some very important questions araise from these problematic : for example, are multinationals anticipating, following up or going after such developments in their environment? in order to answer these question (among others), we observed a european multinational facing the coming of economic integration and the realization of the common market. Here, we made a distinction between three different stages : the firm and the idea of integration, the firm facing an european economic community and finally the "integration in the firm". Theoretically, integration should be a good thing for a multinational, but becoming (with the E. E. C) more and more practical for Philips, integration is also appearing as a difficult task inside the firm. Trying to take advantage of the possibilities of a great single european market, Philips' managers are discovering the problems caused by the "market by market" structure of Philips
Riondel, Bruno. "Maurice Faure : un artisan de la construction européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010501.
Full textElected member for Lot in 1951, Maurice Faure discovered the european idea and joined the federalist circles. Appointed secretary of state at foreign affair in Guy Mollet's very european government, he fist began the talks concerning the retrocession of Sarre to Germany, with success; then he took the head of the French delegation negotiating the commom market and Euratom. At the top of his carreer, the treaties of Rome will then be the object of all Maurice Faure's attention. He will support them with pugnacity, by demanding in exchange of the French acceptation of the british project to create a free-trade zone, equal guarantees to those obtained for the common market and by standing in opposition to the confederal conception the Gaullists will try to impose in the sixties. At the end of that period, disappointed by the difficulties met by the European building and less influent because he had lost the head of the radical party he had controlled since 1961, he turned to his local mandates, without completely abandonning the European building for witch he still sporadically gets involved
Auphan, Etienne. "Obsolescence ou renaissance des réseaux ferrés pour le transport des voyageurs en Europe occidentale ? (France, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne fédérale)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23004.
Full textSotirakis, Alexandra. "Espaces voûtés du chevet dans l’architecture romane en Europe : formes et fonctions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL010.
Full textThis thesis explores the relationship between Romanesque architecture and liturgical space based on the specific structural layout of the east end (chevet). The analysis focuses on 139 11th- and 12th-century churches located in the Italian peninsula, Germanic territories and Iberian peninsula, all of which feature a vaulted chevet that is pronounced and partitioned to varying degrees, while the nave is in keeping with the tradition of the early Christian framework basilica. Despite the heterogeneity inherent in such a vast body of work (variation in monument status and in the structure studied), the systematic comparative study of structural proclivities and liturgical arrangements shows that the treatment of the east end, like the décor and furnishings, helps to structure and introduce a threshold into the ecclesiastical space. This layout contributes to the ecclesiological message about the incarnation of the Ecclesia in the building: the stone, reserved for the sanctuary, makes it possible to materialise the space of the Eucharist and the real presence of Christ among the faithful; it is one of the main components of the theology of the Eucharistic space, along with the altar and the image. Emphasising the role of the patron in the construction also makes it possible to better measure the political dimensions of this type of chevet. The study of the context of the commissioning reveals certain ambitions of the patron, which can be interpreted at the local level (as an expression of his rank, representation of the diocesan Church of which he was the head) or at the level of the Latin West (taking a position in conflicts related to the implementation of reform)
Lienhardt, Claire. "Le Bonhomme Richard de Benjamin Franklin à la conquête de l'Europe : la diffusion d'un best-seller américain en France, en Grande-Bretagne et dans les Etats allemands des années 1770 à 1830." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010673.
Full textDoumerc, Bernard. "VENISE ET L'ESPACE MARITIME OCCIDENTAL AU quinzième SIECLE : une tentative de reconversion commerciale." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20055.
Full textIn the fifteenth century, the government of venice try to renforce the maritime international trade to the countris of the ponant. The growth of the colonial dominion overseas and in terraferma rapidly becoming a real commonwealth allows a new activity of the commercial shipping lines (mude da mercato). The economic policy wants to attempt a new balance of the commercial exanges between the levant and the states of the ponant: england, flanders, france and aragon. This succesfull period beginning with the strengthening of the muda of flanders goes on with the floating of the muda of aigues-mortes and the muda of barbaria. The increase of difficulties, a weigty crisis of the mercantile marine, the protectic device of the kingdoms in the western europe against italian merchants had misgivings about the economic plan. At dawn of the sixteenth century, the organisation of the mude da mercato, dying, shows the limits of an economic theory that does not square with the facts. After being celebrated for two centuries, great galleys suddenly dropped out of commercial use almost entirely soon after the first years of the new century
Leclercq, Walter. "L'âge du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne: culture matérielle et cadre socio-économique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209729.
Full textPar l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Katito, George. "Pink Atlantic : American Global Power and the Construction of Gay Identities in Paris and London (1940s-1980s)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL014.
Full textThe construction of gay identities in Paris and London since the end of the Second World War has reflected the rise of American global political, economic, and sociocultural power. Building upon historian Alain Bérubé’s work on the Second World War, this thesis begins at this critical turning point when American cities became central to transatlantic flows of knowledge, economic capital, and cultural influence. It is within this context that a consciousness of a shared male homosexual identity began to emerge. Resistance, and adaptation, to this nascent awareness and the political activist and cultural networks that fed it, soon ensued. In Paris, the Left and Right made for strange bedfellows as they opposed the new transatlantic gay politics. As such, it would only be in the late 1970s and at the dawn of the 80s that American influence began to play a significant role in shaping gay identities in the French capital. At this point, American capital in search of new markets in Europe found an unexploited market in Paris. Furthermore, small business inspired by American models created spaces of consumption, and acceptance, for gay men. Americanized spatial practices and consumer behavior thus began to play a crucial role in the construction of individual and collective gay identities in Paris. In both Paris and London, gay identities took form as gay men appropriated, resisted ,and negotiated the symbols and political, social and economic practices of American-turned-global cities. “Global” understood in Saskia Sassen’s sense of the word