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Journal articles on the topic 'Biographies of scientists'
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1
Farías, Diana M., and Agnaldo Arroio. "THE ROLE OF BIOGRAPHIES IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO UNDERSTANDING HOW SCIENTISTS AND SCIENCE WORKS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 50, no. 1 (December 15, 2012): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.50.14.
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In this study it is presented several considerations concerning the elements that biographies could contribute to chemistry education. It is analyzed two particular cases: biographies from two high school chemistry textbooks and an audiovisual in the form of an animated fictional documentary about the life of Marie Curie. The analysis was carried out following a methodology designed to analyze textbooks in which we visualize science as a network where we identify elements that allow us to track how science circulates; we have used previously these elements in analyzing audiovisual materials for classroom (Arroio and Farías, 2011). These results show that despite the fact that biographies have elements which justify the criticism they have received within science education they can improve the contextualization and localization of scientific activity by making new connections between those actors that are not generally part of schools’ accounts of science: scientists, institutions, and places, amongst others. This fact was further substantiated after analyzing the documentary. It is proposed that the inclusion of biographies has a vast potential for conveying a more realistic image of scientific activity - but only if the biographies are specifically designed for teaching and are understood to be narrowly related to the popularization of science, science education, and the historiography of science. Moreover, biographies can lend more weight to the role of scientists as narrative axes, where then the school discourse can recover the person, that is, the scientist as a subject and individual. Within a setting where school science is primarily centered on concepts this process can strengthen the affective links between students and teachers. Key words: audiovisual, image of science, narratives, scientists, textbooks.
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Segre, Michael. "The Dawn of Scientific Biography." Early Science and Medicine 26, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02630017.
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Abstract This article endeavors to contribute to a better understanding of the literary contexts of early biographies of scientists written during the Scientific Revolution. To what extent are these biographies influenced by stereotypes that are an inadequate fit for modern history of science? Its claim is that there was, indeed, a literary model for biographies of scientists, and that this model had deep roots in Biblical and classical literature. While the model was similar to that used in Renaissance biographies of artists, it did not fully emerge until as late as the seventeenth century.
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Cobb, Flora. "A Selection of Biographies of Animal Scientists." Science & Technology Libraries 11, no. 4 (June 1991): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v11n04_07.
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Kauffinan, George B. "Scientists since 1660: A bibliography of biographies." Endeavour 22, no. 1 (January 1998): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(97)86417-4.
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Kabytov, Petr S., and Ekaterina P. Barinova. "New Research about Educational Activity Scientists-Agrarians." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 20, no. 3 (2020): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-3-416-420.
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The review gave an analysis of the monograph of S. A. Kozlov, which presented the reconstruction of biographies of prominent Russian scientists, having made a significant contribution to the development and implementation of new agricultural practices and sustainable farming practices, and also in promotion of scientific knowledge and creation of a system of agricultural education in the Russian Empire in XIX and early XX of centuries. Features of author’s approach, the importance of the research done by the historian are noted, debatable questions are designated. According to reviewers, S. A. Kozlov ‘s monograph through biographies of agricultural scientists shows the panorama of the development of agricultural knowledge in the Russian Empire and their impact on the agrarian sector of the economy of the country.
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Elliott, Clark A. "Biographies of Scientists: An Annotated Bibliography. Roger Smith." Isis 90, no. 3 (September 1999): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384501.
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Elena, Alberto. "Exemplary lives: biographies of scientists on the screen." Public Understanding of Science 2, no. 3 (July 1993): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/2/3/002.
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Cinema has emerged in the twentieth century as one of the most powerful vehicles for the popularization of science. Medical melodramas, science-fiction films and biopics can be used to advantage by historians and sociologists of science alike in order to reconstruct the always elusive public opinion. As a subgenre of historical films, biopics constitute a vigorous attempt to communicate to the lay public the ethos conventionally associated with scientific endeavour. Much more than a simple illustration of the lives of great scientists, biopics are one of the best indicators of public attitudes towards science and technology in contemporary society.
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Shigeo, Sugiyama. "Biographies of scientists and public understanding of science." AI & Society 13, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01205262.
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Dagher, Zoubeida R., and Danielle J. Ford. "How Are Scientists Portrayed in Children’s Science Biographies?" Science & Education 14, no. 3-5 (July 2005): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-004-7933-2.
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Gingerich, Owen. "Book Review: Astronomical Biographies: The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists: Astronomers." Journal for the History of Astronomy 16, no. 1 (February 1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182868501600110.
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Piskun, R. P., N. M. Hrynchak, V. M. Shkarupa, O. V. Sprut, and S. S. Chlestova. "Natives of Ukraine – famous scientists abroad." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1290.
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Aim. To highlight the distinguished names and dates of scientific activity of Ukrainian scientists who were born and educated in Ukraine and who have enriched with their scientific achievements the world biological and medical sciences. Methods. Study of biobibliographic editions, in particular personal indexes and important sources of basic scientific researches, which record the achievements of Ukrainian scientists, as well as summarize their contributions to the national and world science, culture, information about education. Results. The published information about the activity of Ukrainian scientists is of undeniable interest to all who are interested in the achievements of world and Ukrainian biological science. It is emphasized that the scientist is not only a researcher, worker and creator of the new, but also a fighter. All the life of a scientist - the struggle for the achievement of this goal, for the disclosure of the secrets of nature, for the recognition of their works, discoveries, laws, for their promulgation and approval. Unfortunately, we cannot cover the whole list of well-known Ukrainian scientists, since great people are brilliant, but we hope that every prominent scientist will not be forgotten. Conclusions. Biographies of prominent scientists from Ukraine will help them to get into their worldview, to feel the unbridled passion of the research, to understand the way they think, to trace the way in which they came to their discoveries. It is our duty to know our history, our luminaries of science, technology, and culture.
Keywords: Ukraine, scientists, biologists, doctors, researchers.
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Carneiro, Maria Francisca. "The biography of scientists as a means of communicating science: analogies concerning a hermeneutic or empirical problem." Journal of Science Communication 06, no. 04 (October 22, 2007): A03. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.06040203.
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Sometimes scientists live real dramas or undergo social and psychological conflicts which have a positive or negative influence on the development and recognition of their research, discoveries and inventions in society, including the way they are recorded in history. This being so, the question is: to what extent can science be communicated to the public at large by the use of scientists' biographies as a motivational strategy? The controversy arises from the fact that usual (classical) science has traditionally argued for the separation (or de-linking) of the research (the object) from the researcher (the subject).Thus, if the above-mentioned motivational strategy is used in scientific communication, it could break a dominant methodological trend and consequently lead to a questioning of the myth of axiological neutrality in science. The communication of science by means of scientists' biographies could be useful for reaching a specific public, more directed towards emotional aspects, thereby awakening its interest in science, even amid cultural differences and in environments where interest in science and its utility is lacking. It could also reveal human aspects of the everyday life of scientists, bringing them closer to the public at large, which would contribute to the dissemination of science and knowledge.
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Browne, Janet. "Making Darwin: Biography and the Changing Representations of Charles Darwin." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 3 (January 2010): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2010.40.3.347.
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Biographies of scientists are generating fresh interest as current movements in the historiography of science increasingly focus on the social aspects of science and on the criteria that most accurately describe a scientific life. Biography is the form through which the work of a scientist can be located in its fullest historical context. It can also reveal much about the construction of reputation and about the reception of ideas. The biographical tradition surrounding the naturalist Charles Darwin from 1882 to the present day has employed a variegated imagery, exemplifying how writings about scientific figures have adjusted to changing cultural and scientific norms.
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Sjoberg, Gideon, and Kathryn Kuhn. "Autobiography and Organizations: Theoretical and Methodological Issues." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 25, no. 4 (November 1989): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002188638902500402.
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This essay provides a general theoretical and methodological framework for understanding autobiographies. The authors argue that the autobiographies of applied behavioral scientists are useful research tools, particularly for clarifying the presuppositions underlying applied behavioral science endeavors. The autobiographies and biographies of both social scientists and nonscientists are a much neglected source of data for examining social issues, and a means of advancing our knowledge of everyday life and its organizational and cultural context. The essay concludes with the major themes of the autobiographies presented in this special issue of the Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.
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Artikova, Yulduz Akmalovna. "The Biography Of Abdulla Avloni, Representative Of Uzbek Literature Renaissance, From A New Perspective." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue11-12.
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This article provides a new scientific analysis of the biography of Abdulla Avloni, an enlightened poet, playwright, journalist, scientist, statesman and public figure who lived and worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is well known that in the Soviet era, educated, enlightened people were persecuted as enemies of the people. Those who were shot, family members were politically persecuted as relatives of the enemy of the people. Most writers, scientists were forced to change their biographies, to hide their genealogy. In works of art, the aristocracy is portrayed in a negative light. The article analyzes the changes made to Abdulla Avloni's biography for political reasons on the basis of scientific sources and memoirs.
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Raskov, D. "Rhetoric of the New Institutional Economics." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2010): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-5-81-95.
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The article provides a rhetorical analysis of the New Institutional Economics based on the works of its main representatives - R. Coase, O. Williamson and D. North. The author exposes the specific features of scientific rhetoric characteristic for each of these scientists, reconstructs their biographies and shows, how and why their theories came to be integrated into mainstream economics.
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Goodier, John. "Biographies of Scientists:98448Roger Smith. Biographies of Scientists: An Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press 1998. 293 pp, ISBN: 0 8108 3383 2 £34.20 UK distribution by Shelwing Ltd, Folkestone." Reference Reviews 12, no. 8 (August 1998): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.1998.12.8.30.448.
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Belozerov, I. V., M. I. Kiritchenko, O. S. Protsenko, T. S. Mishchenko, N. A. Remnyova, and T. I. Lyadova. "Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and the Faculty of Medicine of Kharkiv University." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2020, no. 2b (December 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2020.02b.008.
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Despite the fact that Ilya Mechnikov was a zoologist, his contribution to the development of medicine is invaluable. The article reveals the details of the biography of this scientist, indicating the fact that his path to medicine was not accidental and began even earlier than his passion for zoology. Also, the article concerns the problem of the role of the Kharkiv University in the formation of Mechnikov as a scientist. Despite the wellknown assertion that this great scientist was self-taught and paved his own way to success in science, for he did not have sufficient resources to show his talents at a provincial university, the authors come to the conclusion that the biographies of Mechnikov’s contemporaries in Kharkiv demonstrate the opposite. Namely, that there were enough resources for young scientists at the Kharkiv University to fulfill their scientific ambitions, however, a series of certain circumstances did not allow the young Mechnikov to take full advantage of all opportunities he could have had in Kharkiv.
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Hagner, Michael. "Skulls, Brains, and Memorial Culture: On Cerebral Biographies of Scientists in the Nineteenth Century." Science in Context 16, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889703000784.
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ArgumentIn this paper I will argue that the scientific investigation of skulls and brains of geniuses went hand in hand with hagiographical celebrations of scientists. My analysis starts with late-eighteenth century anatomists and anthropologists who highlighted quantitative parameters such as the size and weight of the brain in order to explain intellectual differences between women and men and Europeans and non-Europeans, geniuses and ordinary persons. After 1800 these parameters were modified by phrenological inspections of the skull and brain. As the phrenological examination of the skulls of Immanuel Kant, Wilhelm Heinse, Arthur Schopenhauer and others shows, the anthropometrical data was interpreted in light of biographical circumstances. The same pattern of interpretation can be found in non-phrenological contexts: Reports about extraordinary brains were part of biographical sketches, mainly delivered in celebratory obituaries. It was only in this context that moral reservations about dissecting the brains of geniuses could be overcome, which led to a more systematic investigation of brains of geniuses after 1860.
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Goldman, Lawrence. "Foundations of British Sociology 1880–1930: Contexts and Biographies." Sociological Review 55, no. 3 (August 2007): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2007.00717.x.
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‘This paper provides an overview of aspects of the history of British sociology. In particular, it tries to answer critical historical work by among others, Perry Anderson and Philip Abrams, which sought to explain the supposed indigenous ‘failure’ to develop academic sociology in Britain before the 1960s. It is argued that a narrowly academic reading of the history of sociology cannot do justice to its role in the service of social administration and public enlightenment and may exaggerate the degree to which sociology from its foundations was conceived as a purely intellectual discipline. The paper points to a thriving sociological culture in Britain in the generation before the First World War, though it was one in which many contributions came from philosophers, natural scientists and political economists rather then self-proclaimed ‘sociologists’. It ends with a brief review of Patrick Geddes and Victor Branford, a founder of the Sociological Society and editor of the Sociological Review, whose biographies and eclectic social and international interests tell us something about the personalities and political interests of early British sociological pioneers.'
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MERCHANT, PAUL. "What oral historians and historians of science can learn from each other." British Journal for the History of Science 52, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087419000517.
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AbstractThis paper is concerned with the use of interviews with scientists by members of two disciplinary communities: oral historians and historians of science. It examines the disparity between the way in which historians of science approach autobiographies and biographies of scientists on the one hand, and the way in which they approach interviews with scientists on the other. It also examines the tension in the work of oral historians between a long-standing ambition to record forms of past experience and more recent concerns with narrative and personal ‘composure’. Drawing on extended life story interviews with scientists, recorded by National Life Stories at the British Library between 2011 and 2016, it points to two ways in which the communities might learn from each other. First, engagement with certain theoretical innovations in the discipline of oral history from the 1980s might encourage historians of science to extend their already well-developed critical analysis of written autobiography and biography to interviews with scientists. Second, the keen interest of historians of science in using interviews to reconstruct details of past events and experience might encourage oral historians to continue to value this use of oral history even after their theoretical turn.
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Kauffman, George B. "Biographies of Scientists for Sci-Tech Libraries: Adding Faces to the Facts (Stankus, Tony, ed.)." Journal of Chemical Education 69, no. 6 (June 1992): A188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed069pa188.1.
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Moore, P. G. "Victorian natural scientists overlooking the Firth of Clyde: a rare, early group-photograph decoded." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 1 (April 2005): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.1.10.
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The identities of four eminent nineteenth-century naturalists together in an old photograph on display at the University Marine Biological Station at Millport are revealed as Professor R. A. von Kölliker, Dr W. B. Carpenter FRS, Professor W. Sharpey FRS and Professor J. H. Balfour FRS. Brief biographies are provided. It is suggested that the photograph dates from the British Association for the Advancement of Science's meeting in Glasgow in September 1855. The venue seems likely to have been Carpenter's rented “cottage” on Holy Island, which provided a base for marine biological investigations in the adjacent Lamlash Bay, Arran. The historical significance of this notable early photograph resides in the evidence it confers regarding the relationships between these world-class scientific figures.
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Bajuri, Mohd Razip, Siti Mistima Maat, and Lilia Halim. "The Sustainability of Stem Integration Knowledge Concept Among Malaysian Scientists." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8802.
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In today’s educational scenario, STEM integration has becoming a panacea for addressing the global technological revolution. With the United States of America as the pioneer in this disciplinary integration paradigm, many countries are trying to embrace STEM integration approach in their respective educational system. Disciplinary integration approach is a complex approach yet offers many advantages in enhancing students’ interest in STEM-based careers. However, it also brings some hindrances such as the collation of each discipline to function and how this should be implemented without losing each of the disciplines. Based on this concern, the approach complexities were viewed in relation to the STEM knowledge (ontology), ways of STEM learning (epistemology) and STEM values (axiology). Since STEM implementation in Malaysian education system is still in the infancy stage, various aspects need to be taken into account rather than just literally adapting the commonly perceived concept. The exploration of STEM integration knowledge concept was done by applying phenomenological case study approach. Seven scientists from multi-disciplinary research practices participated in this study by sharing their experiences through semi-structured interviews, observations, written articles and biographies. By applying grounded theory strategy analysis, four sustainable STEM knowledge concepts emerged. Overall findings suggest that STEM integration knowledge concept is crucial and may assist in facing the new industrial revolution for Malaysia.
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Goodier, John. "American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies 1900‐2000200082Moira Davison Reynolds. American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies 1900‐2000. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland 1999. 149 pp, ISBN: 0 7864 0649 6 £30.15 UK distribution by Shelwing Ltd, Folkestone." Reference Reviews 14, no. 2 (February 2000): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.2000.14.2.27.82.
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Nazarska, Georgeta. "Opportunities for an Academic Career of Women Scientists at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (mid. 1940s-1980’s)." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.7.
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The object of the paper is the development of Bulgarian science during the totalitari-an period (1945-1989), but its subject is the scientific career of the habilitated women, working in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) – the largest scientific organiza-tion in the country at that time. The aim is to explore the opportunities for vertical social (scientific) mobility and the existence of a “glass ceiling” for women’s scientific careers at the BAS. The research uses the social history approach, creating a collec-tive portrait and identifying major trends in the study period, using historical analysis of archival and published documents and content analysis of a prosopographic data-base containing biographies of habilitated women from the institutes and the labora-tories of the BAS.
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Postavnev, Vladimir M., Irina V. Postavneva, Mikhail L. Dvoinin, and Henndy Ginting. "Creative productivity of elderly scientists at different stages of professional development." SHS Web of Conferences 117 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111705001.
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The article presents the results of research focusing on substantiation and development of the idea of preservation and multiplication of human capital. The issue of psychological prerequisites and social conditions for top achievements made by scientists is of scientific and practical relevance as well as identification of social and psychological factors encouraging the preservation of high productivity in elderly scientists over long periods of time. The objective of this research is to find the correlation between the key events in the academic biography and top achievements made by well-known elderly scientists at different stages of their professional development. The presented data were obtained with the help of the research interview “Life values and life journey” developed by V.S. Mukhina. The information contained in scientometric databases about the top achievements made by elderly scientists were analyzed and interpreted relying on the principles of differential acmeological analysis of professional activities conducted by famous scientists and their achievements made in the acme of their career. The correlation between the key events in the academic biographies of the interviewed elderly scientists and their top achievements has shown that reaching the acme is the result of psychological prerequisites (scientists’ personal qualities and the physical state) and social conditions of their professional activities (social status, belonging to a certain school of thought, access to organizational and financial resources). Over the whole time of academic activity conducted by senior scientists, there are usually a few productive periods called micro-acme in acmeology. It should be noted that top achievements made by scientists are typically spaced out and fall on the times with the best combination of prerequisites and conditions for scientific creativity. Within this research, identification of the most common combinations of prerequisites and conditions leading to top scientific achievements was beyond our focus. One of the promising research directions would be an attempt to identify the criteria for developing periodization of scientific productivity among elderly scientists.
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Shelestyuk, Elena. "Mutual Representations of Russia and the Middle East Made by Eastern and Russian Scientists, Politicians, Travelers and Men of Letters." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 40 (August 13, 2020): 605–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss40.1568.
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The present research features the method which we call linguohistoric and which is applied to such narratives as documentary prose – memoirs, biographies, pieces of journalese etc. It purports to collect background information and meaningful facts from real life narrations, observations, descriptions, judgements, opinions, which inescapably contain human-interest, emotive-evaluative tinges, epithets, metaphoric images. Facts accentuated by the observer can only be human-interest: if he were not interested, he would not have placed emphasis on these facts. We believe this background information helps determine the essence of historical phenomena, as well as their causal relationships and interdependencies. For the linguohistoric method of narrative study we borrow procedures from textology and conceptology (conceptual linguistics), viz. textological and conceptological analyses.
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Yarmolinets, V. A. "‘On account of famine, the internment camp has been dissolved, and the countess is starving at home…’. Letters of Vladimir and Elena Nedzelsky to Vera Bunin from the years 1922–1924." Voprosy literatury, no. 5 (November 9, 2019): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2019-5-257-273.
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The Nedzelsky are telling Vera Bunina about Viktor, the son of their mutual friend, the writer A. Fyodorov: how he has just turned up in Kishinev, having escaped from the ‘red’ Odessa. The letters from Leeds Russian Archive offer an insight into Viktor’s life in Romania, as well as clues to decipher V. Kataev’s story Werther Has Already Been Written [Uzhe napisan Verter], inspired by the Fyodorovs’ tragic family history. Another theme is related to V. Nedzelsky’s confession of his secret passion for another woman and his desperate efforts to negotiate humanitarian aid (a Hoover food parcel) to save his starving beloved from death. This information can substantially enrich the biographies of the two remarkable Russian female scientists.
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Stark, James F. "Anti-reductionism at the confluence of philosophy and science: Arthur Koestler and the biological periphery." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 70, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0021.
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The Hungarian-born intellectual Arthur Koestler produced a wide-ranging corpus of written work throughout the mid twentieth century. Despite being the subject of two huge biographies in recent years, his long-standing engagement with numerous scientific disciplines remains unexplored. This paper situates Koestler's scientific philosophy within the context of mid-twentieth-century science and explores his relationship with key figures, including Dennis Gábor, C. H. Waddington, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and J. R. Smythies. The argument presented is threefold. First, surprisingly, serious scientists, particularly in the biological sciences, took Koestler's scientific work seriously; second, despite Koestler's best efforts, his allies could not agree on a single articulation of anti-reductionism; and third, the reductionist/anti-reductionist debates of the mid twentieth century constituted a battle for the authority to speak on behalf of ‘science’ that led Koestler into direct conflict with figures including Peter Medawar. By exploring the community associated with Koestler, the paper sheds new light on the status of scientific authority and the relationship between scientists’ metaphysical beliefs and their practices.
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Valkova, Olga A. "Publications of General Academic Series “Scientific-Biographical Literature” in 2015—2019." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 5 (December 9, 2020): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-5-501-508.
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General academic series “Scientific-biographical literature” exists under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of RAS. Founded in 1959, it celebrated 60th anniversary in 2019. During this time, the series published about 700 original biographies of scientists, engineers and inventors, both Russian and foreign. In the period of 2015-2019, the series published four monographs representing the biographies of botanist A.N. Petunnikov (1842—1919) by G.I. Lubina, biologist N.N. Novikov (1876—1964) by T.I. Ulyankina, biochemist V.S. Gulevich (1867—1933) by T.V. Bogatova, and physicist Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932—2007) by A.A. Sonin. All these publications contain a large number of unique visual materials; this has already become a tradition for books in the series “Scientific-biographical literature”. They also have standard annex for the series, including list of the main dates of life and creative activity, reference lists of scientific works of book characters, and lists of literature about them. During the reviewed period, several manuscripts were approved for publication by the editorial Board of the series and included in the publishing plan of the Publishing house “Nauka”, but due to financial difficulties, they were not published in the series format. However, the prepared manuscripts have already been published in other publishing houses or are at the stage of editorial and publishing preparation. Among them there are biographies of French physicist, Nobel Prize winner Louis de Broglie (1892—1987) by A.F. Smyk; palaeontologist V.P. Amalitskiy (1860—1917) by V.I. Onoprienko; Honorary member of the USSR Academy of Science, palaeontologist M.V. Pavlova (1854—1938) by G.I. Lyubina and Z.A. Bessudnova; astronomer N.M. Subbotina (1877—1961) by O.A. Valkova. Currently, in 2020, no new publications are planned within the framework of the general academic series “Scientific-biographical literature”.
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Morgan, N. "Van Tempeltronk tot katedraal: die kruisweg van Lodewyk XVII." Literator 28, no. 1 (July 30, 2007): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v28i1.150.
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From the Temple to the cathedral: the calvary of Louis XVII In 2004, more than 200 years after his death in the Temple prison, the heart of Louis XVII, the successor to France’s last king of the Ancien Régime, Louis XVI, was buried in the royal necropolis of Saint-Denis. Despite numerous publications on the destiny of the Little Prince, the chronology of his short life was not determined by historians and biographers, but by scientists who, in 2000, performed DNA tests on the petrified organ, which was miraculously preserved. Before this date, the biographies of the many pretenders to Louis XVII’s throne (that of Naundorff in particular) were better-known than the lifehistory of Marie Antoinette’s youngest son. Since then, various publications have changed this state of affairs, including an historical novel by one of France’s most knowledgeable authors on the monarchy of the 17th and 18th centuries and a biographical novel by a member of the Bourbon family. Antonia Fraser’s (2001) biography on Marie Antoinette and Sofia Coppola’s (2006) film on her life have rekindled interest in the events of the French revolution. The story of Louis XVII, who was used as a pawn by the revolutionaries, is one the most tragic of that period in the country’s history. This article provides an overview of key events gleaned from various sources, translated into Afrikaans for the first time.
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Degnan, Tom. "We can learn much from the biographies of eminent catalytic scientists – but you have to know where to look." Focus on Catalysts 2020, no. 7 (July 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.focat.2020.06.001.
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Stade, Ronald S. "Introduction." Conflict and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2017.030106.
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Concepts have cultural biographies and social lives. Some concepts become social and political keywords that can be both indicative of and instrumental in social and political conflicts. (It might even be possible to speak of conceptual violence.) But they are not just contentious; they also tend to be contested. Contentious and contested concepts have been studied by historians and social scientists from varying temporal and spatial horizons. It is a research area that lends itself to cross-disciplinary approaches, as is demonstrated in the three contributions to this section, the first of which investigates the Russian obsession with the concept of “Europe.” The second contribution to the section explores the military roots of the concept of “creative thinking,” and the final contribution examines the social life of “political correctness” as a fighting word.
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أبو بكر, عبير فريد. "أثر تراجم الأعلام في إثراء علم الحديث = Biographies of Scientists Is a Source of Knowledge of the Science of Hadith." Dirasat Shari a and Law Sciences 42, no. 2 (August 2015): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0017651.
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Neuenschwander, Erwin. "Establishing the 'Historical Dictionary of Switzerland': an authoritative new source for the historiography of science in Switzerland." Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science 21 (June 1, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p96-117.
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The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (HDS) covers the history of humankind in the geographical area of today's Switzerland from the very beginning in Paleolithic times up to the twenty-first century. The HDS comprises articles in four broad categories: biographies (35%), articles on families and genealogy (10%), geographical entries (30%) and articles on thematic contributions (25%). The HDS was published in parallel in each of the three major Swiss national languages German, French, and Italian from 2002 to 2014. Each edition comprises 13 volumes of about 10,000 pages. In 1997, the HDS Board of Trustees decided to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1848 with an internet publication of the HDS, which was simultaneously being published and which will now be augmented by multimedia and linked data (cf. www.hls-dhs-dss.ch). Our contribution describes the complex editorial processes of the whole subject area of mathematics and natural sciences in the HDS—covering about 1,200 biographies and approximately 40 thematic articles—supervised by the author and his working group in the years 1994−2014. As a trained mathematician and historian of science, and as scientific advisor for the HDS’s entire subject area of mathematics and the natural sciences, I wrote this article with the aim of sharing my experiences in representing the history of science in a general historical encyclopedia. The processes described below may perhaps be useful to other natural scientists or proper historians who intend to undertake similar projects.
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Korsun, Igor. "The use of history for the formation of learners’ interest in physics." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5907.
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The aim of this article is a creation of general method of using the historical material for the formation of learners’ interest in physics. The learner will be not able to understand the educational material, if the learner doesn’t feel the need to study it. In this way, it is necessary to develop the learners’ interest. The history of physics has a great potential for the formation of learners’ interest in physics. The forms of the historical material in physics teaching have been defined. These are historical views, descriptions of experiments, tasks with historical content, demonstration of models of historical devices, biographies of scientists. Results proved that the appropriate forms of historical material increase the level of learners’ interest in physics. Every science has its own history. Therefore, this general method can be used in the teaching of other sciences.
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Teeter, Martha. "The International Year of Crystallography in the Americas." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086823.
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The American Crystallographic Association has focused its celebration of IYCr principally on outreach to spread the message of the importance of crystallography in our daily lives and to attract young people into science. We have formed an Ad Hoc Task Force, representing 13 geographical regions of 100-200 members each to develop our goals, to coordinate events and to enable specific activities. Key to our activities are a website which offers an attractive link for young scientists, projects and teaching tools for schools, biographies of important crystallographers, an adopt a crystallographer link, and video and crystal growing contests. We have continued to send scientists to Latin America for training workshops and assist Latin Americans in attending the ACA meetings. In order to create a lasting legacy for the International year, we have worked closely with national organizations such as in the US the National Science Teachers Association, the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Physics, as well as student outreach groups like the Society for Physics Students. Forging an ongoing relationship with these organizations will aid our continuing outreach. Similar organizational contacts have been made in Canada and in Latin America. Working with national organizations can also help to influence the political climate for science funding.
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Agar, Jon. "2016 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar lecture The curious history of curiosity-driven research." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0034.
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Curiosity has a curious place in the history of science. In the early modern period, curiosity was doubled-edged: it was both a virtue, the spring for a ‘love of truth’, but also the source of human error and even personal corruption. In the twentieth century, curiosity had become an apparently uncomplicated motivation. Successful scientists, for example Nobel Prize winners in their lectures and biographies, frequently attributed their first steps into science to a fundamental curiosity, an irrepressible desire to ask the question ‘why?’. The aside made by Albert Einstein in private correspondence in 1952—‘I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious’—has now become a meme. Yet in the twentieth century, science was shaped by many forces, and the practical utility of science in the real, messy problematic worlds of its formation seem far removed from the seeming innocence of curiosity-driven research. In my lecture and this paper, I ask why scientists say they ask ‘why?’, and trace the curious history of the idea of curiosity-driven science. In particular, I distinguish between a long and short history of curiosity in science, with the latter associated with the term ‘curiosity-driven science’ and the UK administration of Margaret Thatcher.
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Leisegang, Tilmann, Aleksandr A. Levin, and Andreas Kupsch. "From the Ritter pile to the aluminum ion battery – Peter Paufler’s academic genealogy." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 235, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 481–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2020-0063.
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AbstractThis article highlights Peter Paufler’s academic genealogy on the occasion of his 80th birthday. We describe the academic background since 1776, which covers 11 generations of scientists: Ritter, Ørsted, Han-steen, Keilhau, Kjerulf, Brøgger, Goldschmidt, Schulze, Paufler, Meyer, and Leisegang. The biographies of these scientists are described in spotlight character and references to scientists such as Dehlinger, Ewald, Glocker, Röntgen, Vegard, Weiss, and Werner are given. A path is drawn that begins in the Romanticism with electrochemistry and the invention of what is probably the first accumulator. It leads through the industrialization and the modern geology, mineralogy, and crystallography to crystal chemistry, metal and crystal physics and eventually returns to electrochemistry and the aluminum-ion accumulator in the era of the energy transition. The academic genealogy exhibits one path of how crystallography develops and specializes over three centuries and how it contributes to the understanding of the genesis of the Earth and the Universe, the exploration of raw materials, and the development of modern materials and products during the industrialization and for the energy transition today. It is particularly characterized by the fields of physics and magnetism, X-ray analysis, and rare-earth compounds and has strong links to the scientific landscape of Germany (Freiberg) and Scandinavia, especially Norway (Oslo), as well as to Russia (Moscow, Samara, St. Petersburg). The article aims at contributing to the history of science, especially to the development of crystallography, which is the essential part of the structural science proposed by Peter Paufler.
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Borges, Luiz Adriano Gonçalves, and Barbara Winiarski Diesel Novaes. "Perspectivas do Uso de Biografias na Formação de Professores de Matemática." Jornal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2018v11n1p95-102.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar alguns elementos metodológicos de utilização de biografias como recurso articulador no ensino de matemática. Argumentamos em torno de um uso ponderativo de biografias ao invés do ornamental, isto é, de uma abordagem histórica que envolve um aprofundamento de conceitos e não somente de temáticas triviais. Apresentaremos uma metodologia que tenha profunda relação com o desenvolvimento histórico das ideias matemáticas e a história da educação matemática. Agindo nesse sentido, objetivamos propor a utilização de biografias de educadores matemático, matemáticos e cientistas como um recurso de aprofundamento em disciplinas dos cursos de licenciatura, mais especificamente no nosso caso, História da Matemática, Filosofia Geral, Tendências em Educação Matemática, Didática Geral e História e Cultura Afro-brasileira. Traçaremos uma breve trajetória da utilização de biografias como metodologia em história, ciências e matemática, procurando perceber como a historicidade do conhecimento científico é importante na elaboração deste tipo de trabalho. Procurando perceber paralelos, vemos que que o desenvolvimento da matemática não é independente do meio-cultural em que está inserido, sendo importante atentar para o contexto histórico da formação das ideias. Utilizamos esse conceitual metodológico no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da UTFPR campus Toledo, nas disciplinas de História da Matemática, Filosofia Geral e História e Cultura Afro-brasileira (esta optativa), cuja metodologia de trabalho explicaremos neste presente texto. Por fim, ressaltamos o uso potencial da utilização de biografias de educadores matemáticos de renome para serem trabalhados em disciplinas em que prevalecem os saberes para ensinar.Palavras-chave: História da Educação Matemática. História da Ciência. Formação de professores. Biografias.AbstractThis present work aims to present some methodological elements of the use of biographies as an articulating resource in the teaching of Mathematics. We argue about a ponderous use of biographies instead of an ornamental, that is, of a historical approach that involves a deepening of concepts and not only of trivial themes. We will present a methodology that has a deep relation with the historical development of mathematical ideas and the history of mathematical education. Acting in this sense, we aim to propose the use of biographies of mathematical educators, mathematicians and scientists as a deepening resource in disciplines of undergraduate courses, specifically in our case, History of Mathematics, General Philosophy, Trends in Mathematics Education, General Didactics and Afro-Brazilian History and Culture. We will trace a brief trajectory of the use of biographies as methodology in History, Science and Mathematics, trying to understand how the historicity of scientific knowledge is important in the elaboration of this type of work. Looking for parallels, we understand that the development of mathematics is not independent of the cultural environment in which it is inserted, and it is important to look at the historical context of the formation of ideas. We use this methodological concept in the course of Mathematics Degree of the UTFPR campus Toledo, in the disciplines of History of Mathematics, General Philosophy and History and Afro-Brazilian Culture (this optional), whose working methodology will be explained in this text. Finally, we highlight the potential use of the use of biographies of renowned mathematical educators to be worked in disciplines in which the “knowledge to teach” prevails.Keywords: History of Mathematics Education. History of Science. Formation of Professors. Biographies.
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Biran, Michal. "Introduction." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 71, no. 4 (February 23, 2018): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0015.
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Abstract The Mongol empire (1206–1368) caused massive transformations in the composition and functioning of elites across Eurasia. While the Mongols themselves obviously became the new Eurasian elite, their small number as compared to the huge territory over which they ruled and their initial inexperience in administrating sedentary realms meant that many of their subjects also became part of the new multi-ethnic imperial elite. Mongol preferences, and the high level of mobility—both spatial and social—that accompanied Mongol conquests and rule, dramatically changed the characteristics of elites in both China and the Muslim world: While noble birth could be instrumental in improving one’s status, early surrender to Chinggis Khan; membership in the Mongol imperial guards (keshig); and especially, qualifications—such as excellence in warfare, administration, writing in Mongolian script or astronomy to name but a few—became the main ways to enter elite circles. The present volume translates and analyzes biographies of ten members of this new elite—from princes through generals, administrators, and vassal kings, to scientists and artists; including Mongols, Koreans, Chinese and Muslims—studied by researchers working at the project “Mobility, Empire and Cross Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia” at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The annotated biographies assembled here not only add new primary sources—translated from Chinese, Persian and Arabic—to the study of the Mongol Empire. They also provide important insights into the social history of the period, illuminating issues such as acculturation (of both the Mongols and their subjects), Islamization, family relations, ethnicity, imperial administration, and scientific exchange.
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Долгова, Евгения Андреевна. "PROFESSOR LOSEV'S EVERYDAY LIFE: ESPIONAGE IN SOVIET POST-WAR CINEMA." Тверского государственного университета. Серия: История, no. 4(56) (December 25, 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vthistory/2020.4.085.
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В статье анализируется трансформация сюжета шпиономании в советских игровых кинокартинах о быте советских учёных конца 1940-х - начала 1950-х гг. Кинематограф этого времени внимателен к фигуре ученого: картины, посвященные героическим биографиям или научной повседневности, отражали статус науки в обществе, повседневность научных работников. Автор анализирует мифологию современного кинолентам общества, реконструирует представления власти об идеальном типе взаимоотношений ученого и государства. Делается вывод о том, что роль учёного в кинематографе тех лет специфична - с одной стороны, его образ часто приобретал черты нравственной максимы, с другой - оказывался в фокусе шпиономании. Мотив шпиономании, отрицание «низкопоклонства перед Западом» и космополитизма - специфичные черты кинематографа тех лет, нашедшие отражение и в конкретных исторических событиях - например, предвоенной дескридитирующей компании против Н. Н. Лузина, послевоенном деле «КР». В основу работы с аудиовизуальными источниками положен метод поэтапного структурированного наблюдения. The article aims to study the plot of espionage in Soviet films about the life of Soviet scientists in the late 1940s-early 1950s. The Cinema of this time is attentive to the figure of a scientist: the films are dedicated to heroic biographies or scientific everyday life, they reflected the status of science in society. The author analyzes the mythology of films, reconstructs the authorities ' ideas about the ideal type of relationship between the scientist and the state. It is concluded that the role of the scientist in the cinema of those years is specific - on the one hand, his image often acquired the features of a moral maxim, on the other-was in the focus of espionage. The close intertwining of the spy motif, the negation of «admiration for the West» and cosmopolitanism - specific feature of the cinema of those years, as reflected in specific historical events - for example, the defamatory company against Nikolay N. Luzin, post-war case «КR». The audio-visual sources were analyzed with the method of step-by-step structured observation.
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GUBSKYI, Sergyi. "FORMATION AND ACTIVITY OF MILITARY AVIATION IN THE UKRAINIAN ARMY (1918–1920): A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 32 (2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-196-210.
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The article deals with the issues of formation, organizational structure, activities of aviation units of the West Ukrainian National, Hetmanate and the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1920) in memoir literature and scientific historiographic studies of the 20s of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. In these writings of Ukrainian diaspora and domestic authors, the emphasis is on the role of aviation of Ukrainian independent state formations in protecting their sovereignty, territorial integrity and economic interests. A new direction in the study of historiography on this subject is the work devoted to the biographies of Ukrainian aviators of that period. Further scientific developments in this direction will serve as a thorough study of various aspects of the Ukrainian statehood of the first half of the twentieth century. Key words: aviation, Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Hetmanate, Ukrainian People's Republic, memoirs, historiography, independence, flights, military operations, aviators, Poland, bolsheviks, planes, army, Ukrainian scientists.
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SAVINOV, I. А., and YU S. CHERYATOVA. "ORIGINS OF BOTANY IN PETROVSKAYA (TIMIRYAZEV) ACADEMY." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 2 (2021): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-2-130-142.
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The paper examines scientific and pedagogical activities of the prominent Russian botanists of the 19th – early 20th centuries, who laid the foundation for teaching this subject in the Petrovskaya (Timiryazev) Academy and founded their own scientific schools. The authors present brief biographies of N.I. Zheleznov, N.N. Kauffman, K.A. Timiryazev, S.I. Rostovtsev, and V.I. Taliev, as well as assess their contribution to national and world science. The creative works of many abovementioned scientists featured exceptional breadth and versatility. They not only did leave a noticeable mark in various branches of botany, but also contributed in every way to popularizing their favourite science. The paper shows some experience in teaching botany, forming and maintaining botanical collections. With regard to the popularization of science, the personality of K.A. Timiryazev is presented as a scientist-democrat, social activist and a person who had a heart for people. K.A. Timiryazev believed that science is the property of the entire humanity; therefore, its popularization is nothing more than fulfilling the scientist’s civic duty to the people. The information provided about the first botanists of the Petrovskaya (Timiryazev) Academy has not only cognitive and historical, but also practical significance. Thus, the study of energy regulations associated with photosynthesis performed by K.A. Timiryazev was of great importance in rationalizing the doctrine of the unity and connection of living and nonliving matter in the process of the circulation of substances and energy in nature. Flora-related works by N.N. Kauffman raised a number of important botanical and geographical problems. The studies of the ontogenetic morphogenesis of plants by N.I. Zheleznov and S.I. Rostovtsev laid the foundation for the development of plant morphology in Russia. Scientific works of V.I. Taliev provided for better understanding of the problem of interaction between plants and humans. The continuity of scientific schools and research directions is shown to prove its extreme importance in the context of present-day Russia.
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Burykin, Aleksey A. "A. A. Petrov. Istoriya izucheniya tunguso-manchzhurskih yazykov v Rossii (Ocherki i issledovaniya) [The history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia (sketches and researches)]." Ural-Altaic Studies 39, no. 4 (2020): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2020-39-4-67-70.
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This publication is a review of a new book by A. A. Petrov devoted to the history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia from the 18th century till the beginning of the 21st century. Reference books of this type on the Tungus-Manchu languages and other languages of the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia have not been published for over 70 years, and they are especially relevant due to the increase in the volume of publications on these languages, a significant part of which are regional publications of universities and Siberian scientific centers. The main part of the book is the literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages dating back to the 20th century. It is divided into three periods: the pre-revolutionary period (1900—1917), the Soviet period (1917—1991), and the Russian post-Soviet period (1992—2000). There is a certain logic in this: the biographies of most researchers of the older generation fit into one period, and each period reflects certain trends in views on the subject and asks of the study. The book includes a number of supplements for reference. These applications make the book by A. A. Petrov a convenient textbook for students of specialized universities, a guide for refresher courses for teachers of the Tungus-Manchu languages and independent work of teachers, and a guide for foreign researchers who may have difficulties with the Russian bibliography on the subject. A. A. Petrov’s book is unambiguously useful as an everyday reference book of literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages, although, of course, researchers of biographies of scientists as well as researchers of some special problems of studying Tungus-Manchu languages will turn to other sources that provide special requests.
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Edoshina, I. A. "Vladimir Soloviev and Pavel Florensky: variation on the theme of platonism." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2020.3.026-038.
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The topic identified in the title of this article drew researchers’ attention not just once, so in the beginning a short overview of the works available on this topic as well as problem areas and the names of scientists involved in this issue are presented. It is highlighted that Vladimir Solovyov had influence on the creative development of Pavel Florensky mainly due to his written works, since they were representatives of different generations, as also to acquaintance with his close circle. The facts of the biographies of Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky are given: family, university studies, etc. The author emphasizes influence of Plato’s work on both Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky. The topic of unity of «theory and life» by Plato and Vladimir Solovyov is explained, it is emphasized that the latter failed to achieve the unity. The theme of love in understanding of Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky is revealed through their personal experiences and philosophy. Finally, the article states that both philosophers are metaphysical authors, on whom Plato’s philosophy had a decisive influence.
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Rodrigues, Sérgio Paulo Jorge. "Some notes on the pedagogical value of historical pathological science examples from Chemistry and Physics, and related sciences." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/178-2911.2019v20espp747-760.
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ResumoOs dados biográficos sobre cientistas, e em particular de químicos e físicos, podem ser usados como elemento motivador dos estudantes e público assim como um instrumento humanizador da ciência e demonstrativo da forma como esta funciona na prática. A dimensão humana da ciência emerge naturalmente da análise de apontamentos biográficos que enfatizem os dilemas e os sucessos e fracassos dos cientistas. Os episódios históricos e as atitudes e acções dos cientistas mostram como funciona a ciência e dão aos estudantes e público a possibilidade de reflectirem sobre a ciência e a sua humanidade, assim como de desenvolverem a capacidade de desconfiar do anacronismo, da pseudo-ciência, da ciência patológica e da fraude científica, para melhor apreciarem e entenderem o desenvolvimento da ciência. Começando com uma breve revisão dos sintomas e critérios propostos na literatura para distinguir desvios anormais, neste trabalho são analisados alguns casos de produção de ciência patológica nos campos da química e da física, procurando, a partir destes, evidenciar caminhos pedagógicos que fomentem o espírito crítico dos estudantes e do público. Palavras-chave: Biografias de cientistas, estratégias pedagógicas, humanidade da ciência, pseudo-ciência, ciência patológica. Abstract Biographical data about scientists, and in particular about chemists and physicists, can be used for engaging students and the public, humanizing the science image, and for demonstrating how it works in the practice. The human dimension of science emerges naturally from the analysis of biographical aspects that emphasize the dilemmas and the successes and failures of scientists. The historical episodes and the attitudes and actions of scientists show how science works and offer students and public the opportunity to reflect about science and its humanity, as well as to develop the capacity to distrust anachronism, pseudo-science, pathological science, and scientific fraud in order to better appreciate and understand the action and development of science. Starting with a brief review of the symptoms and criteria proposed in the literature to distinguish deviations from normal science, this work analyzes some cases of production of pathological science, focusing on chemistry and physics, seeking pedagogical paths that foster the critical spirit of students and the public.Keywords: Biographies of scientists, pedagogical strategies, the humanity of science, pseudo-science, pathological science.
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Puchkov, N. P. "Formation of Mathematical Style of Thinking in Lawyers’ Training." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 3(77) (2020): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2020.03.pp.153-165.
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Some objective and subjective reasons for the ideological contradictions between lawyers and mathematicians, which prevent future legal scholars from mastering mathematical knowledge, have been identified. The necessity of using the mathematical style of thinking, mathematical knowledge in the professional activities of lawyers is substantiated through specific facts. The historical path of development of relations (at the level of sciences) between jurisprudence and mathematics is traced using the example of biographies of famous world scientists who had outstanding achievements simultaneously both in mathematics and jurisprudence. Based on a deep analysis of specific facts, a conclusion is drawn about the compatibility of legal and mathematical education, as well as their ideological and content unity. The problems of the content of educational mathematical courses for law students and methods of their presentation are discussed. The goals of studying mathematics by future legal scholars are formulated and the content and methodological specifics of their achievement are revealed. The work is aimed at substantiating the need for the formation of a mathematical style of thinking in the training of lawyers and is useful for studying both students and their teachers of mathematical and professional disciplines.
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Mota, Teresa, and Ana Carneiro. "‘A Time for Engineers and a Time for Geologists’: Scientific Lives and Different Pathways in the History of Portuguese Geology." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.1.e213j2306j736128.
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For quite a while, scientific biography was relegated to a subordinate status in the history of science. In the last two decades, however, it has seen a revival, which can be explained both by its popularity among general audiences as it conveys a closer image of scientists and scientific practice, and science historians' reappraisal of biography as a literary genre and as a source for their research. When writing scientific biographies or using them as a source, however, historians have to contend with complex questions, such as the extent to which a particular biography is representative of larger patterns, and they face a variety of problems associated with the use of sources such as oral testimonies and obituaries. In this paper, the scientific lives of Joaquim Filipe Nery da Encarnação Delgado (1835-1908) and Francisco Luís Pereira de Sousa (1870-1931), both engineers working at the Portuguese Geological Survey, and Carlos Teixeira (1910-1982), a leading geologist working in the academia, will be analysed. Through this comparison, the authors aim to characterize the development of Portuguese geology in different contexts in the period spanning from the mid-nineteenth to the twentieth century.