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Journal articles on the topic "Biologia sanitarna"

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Nogueiras, Belén. "La salud en la teoría feminista." Atlánticas. Revista Internacional de Estudios Feministas 4, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/arief.2019.4.1.5404.

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Se expone la histórica interpelación del feminismo a los discursos científicos y filosóficos sobre la lábil y débil salud de las mujeres, atribuida a su biología, argumentando que son las limitaciones impuestas en sus vidas por las estructuras materiales y simbólicas del patriarcado las que debilitan y dañan su salud. Se identifica la política sanitaria del patriarcado como una herramienta indispensable para el control y la subordinación de las mujeres, que se ha aplicado históricamente a través los discursos científico-sanitarios, las prácticas clínicas, los diagnósticos y tratamientos, la sanitarización y medicalización normalizada y sistemática de las mujeres. Se concluye que el imaginario creado por el patriarcado sobre la salud de las mujeres y su proclividad natural al desarrollo de malestares físicos y emocionales subyace bajo la objetividad de la ciencia y continúa vigente en las prácticas sanitarias actuales.
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Kálmán, Erzsébet, Amanda Rădulescu, Andreea Hăngănuţ, Vlad Bocăneţ, and Cristina Borzan. "PERCEPŢIA PERSONALULUI MEDICO-SANITAR CU PRIVIRE LA UTILIZAREA ECHIPAMENTULUI PERSONAL DE PROTECŢIE THE PERCEPTION OF HEALTHCARE STAFF REGARDING THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT." Jurnal Medical Brasovean, no. 1 (August 10, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/jmb.2020.1.2.

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"Ipoteză:Personalul medico-sanitar, deşi participă la locul de muncă la sesiuni obligatorii de instruire cu privire la utilizarea echipamentului personal de protecţie şi prevenirea accidentelor cu expunere la produse biologice, nu foloseşte totdeauna echipamentul complet şi la momentul potrivit. Personalul nu are la dispoziţie suficiente instrumente înţepător-tăietoare cu mecanisme de siguranţă.Obiective:Identificarea principalilor factori care influenţează utilizarea de către personalul medical şi auxiliar a diferitelor componente ale echipamentului de protecţie şi a instrumentelor înţepător-tăietoare cu mecanisme de siguranţă.Metodă:Studiu transversal multicentric, prin aplicarea unui chestionar pretestat la diferite categorii profesionale de personal medico-sanitar din diferite categorii de unităţi sanitare.Rezultate:Peste 90% dintre cei chestionaţi (557 respondent) au afirmat că au participat la şedinţe de instructaj cu privire la prevenirea accidentelor cu expunere, însă doar 63,84% au susţinut că ştiu semnificaţia precauţiunilor standard şi numai 30,12% au reuşit să descrie corect în cuvinte definiţia. 90% dintre respondenţi poartă mănuşi la contact cu produsele biologice, dar numai 65,80% se protejează cu mască şi/sau ochelari de protecţie când există risc de stropire la nivelul mucoaselor, uneori angajatorul fiind cel care nu le pune suficiente la dispoziţie. Peste 90% au afirmat că sunt conştienţi de faptul că utilizarea corectă a echipamentului de protecţie scade riscul expunerii la produse biologice, totuşi 37-38% consideră că unele Studiu OriginalJ.M.B.nr. 1 -202025elemente ale echipamentului pot interfera cu abilitatea personalului de a efectua diferite proceduri. Peste 2/3 dintre subiecţi ar dori să aibă la dispoziţie mai multe instrumente înţepător-tăietoare cu mecanisme de siguranţă şi 90% consideră că raportarea accidentelor cu expunere la produse biologice ar putea să ajute managementul unităţii sanitare în a implementa măsuri care să îmbunătăţească nivelul de protecţie al personalului medico-sanitar împotriva agenţilor patogeni transmisibili prin fluidele biologice."
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Charco, Jorge M., Tomás Barrio, and Hasier Eraña. "Enfermedades priónicas: historia, diversidad e importancia socioeconómica como paradigma de las Enfermedades Raras." Araucaria, no. 46 (2021): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i46.21.

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Las enfermedades raras son aquellas patologías que afectan a una proporción muy reducida de la población (menos de 50 casos por cada 100 000 personas). Por esta razón, la investigación sobre sus causas y mecanismos, algo imprescindible para dar con una forma de tratarlas o prevenirlas, es insuficiente. Por ello, los pacientes denuncien la falta de cobertura del sistema sanitario y la discriminación social que supone padecer una de estas patologías. Entre las enfermedades raras, se encuentran las denominadas enfermedades priónicas o encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles. A pesar de ser relativamente conocidas gracias a la crisis sanitaria que supuso el “mal de las vacas locas” a finales del siglo pasado, se conoce todavía relativamente poco sobre estas patologías que afectan tanto a animales como a humanos. En este monográfico se pretende dar a conocer la fascinante historia y la diversidad de las enfermedades priónicas, que sacudieron los cimientos de la biología conocida hasta los años 80 al poner en escena a un nuevo y desconcertante tipo de agente infeccioso: los priones.
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Rinaldi, Alessandro, Giulia Civitelli, Maurizio Marceca, and Lorenzo Paglione. "Le politiche per la tutela della salute dei migranti: il contesto europeo e il caso Italia." REMHU : Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 21, no. 40 (June 2013): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-85852013000100002.

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Intendendo la salute come un diritto umano fondamentale che non si esaurisce alla dimensione biologica ma si estende a quella sociale, economica e politica, gli autori, dopo aver descritto brevemente le politiche che a livello europeo sono state emanate per tutelare la salute dei migranti, analizzano l'esperienza italiana alla luce delle direttive internazionali. L'Italia rappresenta infatti un caso particolare ed avanzato di tutela della salute dei migranti; la sua politica sanitaria decisamente inclusiva riconosce parità di diritti e doveri ai cittadini regolarmente presenti ed ammette ampie possibilità di protezione ed assistenza anche per gli immigrati privi di permesso di soggiorno. Tuttavia, anche in un contesto avanzato come quello italiano, è necessaria un'evoluzione da un approccio di tipo assistenzialistico ad uno più ampio di promozione della salute attraverso politiche di natura intersettoriale, alla luce della teoria dei determinanti sociali di salute. Affrontare la tematica della salute del popolo migrante rappresenta un'occasione per rendere i servizi sanitari in particolare e le politiche migratorie in generale più attente ad ogni persona, alla sua storia e al contesto nel quale essa vive.
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Cores Calvo, Juan, José Ramón Muñiz Saborido, and Marta Clara González Iglesias. "Biological exposure-related injuries in workers in a health system of the health service of Galicia, Spain." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 16, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2013.16.4.02.

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Golikova, Svetlana V. "THE FIGHT AGAINST “HUNGRY TYPHUS” BY ZEMSTVO MEDICAL STAFF IN THE PERM PROVINCE IN 1908–1914." Ural Historical Journal 70, no. 1 (2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-1(70)-21-29.

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The paper describes sanitary-hygienic, epidemiological, medical and food measures against carried out by medics during the outbreaks of typhus in 1908–1914. As this infection became a hunger marker in Russia, the object of the study is an epidemic situation in three counties (“uezd”) of the Perm province — Ekaterinburgskiy, Kamyshlovskiy, Shadrinskiy — which population constantly suffered from a crop failure. Based on the materials of “The medical and sanitary chronicle of the Perm province”, (“Vrachebno-sanitarnaya hronika Permskoy gubernii”) containing publications describing epidemics of typhus, the author considers application of the achievements of biological and medical sciences for outlining rational strategy for measures against typhus (implementation of disinfection and disinsection procedures) and identifies two organizational innovations introduced in that time. The first epidemiological teams consisting of doctors, paramedics (“fel’dsher”) and nurses were organized and sent to the epidemic focuses. These units were intended to detect, isolate and treat typhus patients, carry out disinfection and disinfestation in special temporary anti-typhoid barracks. The population began to use temporary hospitals actively, disinfect their houses and property. However, the insufficient knowledge of a transmission pathway of infection (its causative agent — Rickettsia prowazekii — and the carrier — body lice) hampered the further development of effective anti-typhoid measures and, as a result, challenged the whole complex of proposed activities.
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Tabilo García, Cristian. "Conferencia plenaria: Gestión de datos. Puente entre la biología y la tecnología." Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes 54, no. 3Sup (November 21, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47196/diab.v54i3sup.447.

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La prevalencia diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en Chile es de 12,3% y el sistema público controla 920.219 pacientes, de los cuales el 19% tiene niveles HbA1c >9%, con un de 26,8% insulinización, con un fondo de ojo actualizado 36,4% y logrando la triple-meta (LDL/PA/HbA1c) tan sólo un 20%. El conocimiento de estos datos nos llevó a plantear una forma diferente de trabajar. Para obtener mejores resultados locales, implementamos diferentes estrategias como la telemedicina, plataforma-asistencia del especialista, canasta farmacológica modificada en los pacientes con mayor riesgo cardiovascular. Lo anterior, ha resultado en una mejoría en los indicadores del programa cardiovascular de nuestro servicio dentro los seis meses de aplicado, pudiendo calcular los eventos prevenidos anualmente y los costos asociados que se ahorra el sistema sanitario. No obstante, es complejo atribuir esta mejoría en el control de la diabetes a una medida específica. Luego de dos años de trabajo, observamos que la falta de adherencia de los pacientes, la inercia terapéutica del equipo de salud, la falla en la trazabilidad estricta del paciente por sistemas de registros electrónicos y la carencia de un adecuado seguimiento farmacológico, asociado a determinantes sociales adversos de la población en control, nos puede llevar a la no obtención de metas sanitarias, con un alza importante de los costos económicos de la atención, sin considerar los efectos que ello pudiera tener sobre la morbimortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. La recolección y evaluación de los datos nos hizo replantear la estrategia de cuidado, diagnosticar sus debilidades, y evaluar la aplicación de modelos probabilísticos y de precisión para tener un mayor costo-efectividad a fin de que pueda implementarse a nivel nacional.
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Monge M., Carlos. "Política Sanitaria indiana y colonial en el Tahuantinsuyo." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 17, no. 2 (October 18, 2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v17i2.9891.

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La existencia de poblaciones aclimatadas a la vida en las grandes alturas habitadas de América, desde una época prehistórica, entre 2000 y 6000 metros sobre el nivel del mar, plantea la necesidad de estudiar la Biología andina : hombre, plantas y animales. Las características del hombre de los Andes que corresponden determinados aspectos morfológicos y fisiológicos, han sido establecidas, por nosotros en la medida de nuestra capacidad, en la Escuela Médica de Lima.
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Mironov, O. G. "The Sea of Azov: Sanitary-Biological Characterization." Hydrobiological Journal 34, no. 2-3 (1998): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v34.i2-3.80.

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Palazzani, Laura. "La formazione in Bioetica: modelli e contenuti." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 1 (February 28, 1998): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.842.

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Il problema della formazione in bioetica è estremamente delicato e complesso e presenta due tipi di difficoltà, una di fatto, l’altra di principio. La difficoltà fattuale è legata alla giovane età di questa disciplina e, conseguentemente, alla mancanza di modelli consolidati di insegnamento; le difficoltà teoriche sono, invece, strettamente legate al carattere interdisciplinare (confronto e dialogo tra discipline diverse) e al pluralismo teoretico e pratico (pluralità di concezioni morali e giuridiche) che costituiscono la peculiarità della bioetica. La domanda che l’Autrice si pone è: quale formazione in bioetica? E soprattutto chi, come, quando, formare in bioetica? Ma soprattutto chi formare in bioetica? Occorre prima di tutto individuare i discenti ed operare una distinzione tra una formazione che tende al generale (ed è quindi diretta a tutta la società) e una formazione che tende allo specifico (rivolta a chi opera nel settore socio-sanitario e a chi non opera direttamente o indirettamente nella sanità). Il come formare in bioetica riguarda invece tre settori: il sapere (conoscenza dettagliata della ricerca scientifica e della tecnologia, applicata alla biologia e alla medicina, della struttura socio-sanitaria, della teologia e della filosofia), il saper fare e il saper essere (è importante sapersi calare dal piano teorico-conoscitivo a quello applicativo ed esperienziale, sia dell’agire, sia dell’essere). La questione del quando formare in bioetica non è stata ancora risolta. Anche quella del chi forma in bioetica è ancora in fase di sperimentazione: sarebbe auspicabile una équipe di docenti di materie diverse ma interagenti.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biologia sanitarna"

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Alticozzi, Lucio. "Radiotherapy with scanning carbon ion beams: biological dose analysis for partial treatment delivery." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10428/.

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L’uso di particelle cariche pesanti in radioterapia prende il nome di adroterapia. L’adroterapia permette l’irraggiamento di un volume bersaglio minimizzando il danno ai tessuti sani circostanti rispetto alla radioterapia tradizionale a raggi X. Le proprietà radiobiologiche degli ioni carbonio rappresentano un problema per i modelli radiobiologici a causa della non linearità della loro efficacia biologica. In questa tesi presenteremo gli algoritmi che possono essere usati per calcolare la dose fisica e biologica per un piano di trattamento del CNAO (Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica). Un caso di particolare interesse è l’eventualità che un piano di trattamento venga interrotto prima del dovuto. A causa della non linearità della sopravvivenza cellulare al variare della quantità di dose ricevuta giornalmente, è necessario studiare gli effetti degli irraggiamenti parziali utilizzando algoritmi che tengano conto delle tante variabili che caratterizzano sia i fasci di ioni che i tessuti irraggiati. Nell'ambito di questa tesi, appositi algoritmi in MATLAB sono stati sviluppati e implementati per confrontare la dose biologica e fisica assorbita nei casi di trattamento parziale.
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Silva, Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da. "Reator compartimentado anaerobio/aerobio, tratando esgoto sanitario : desempenho e operação." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258316.

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Orientador: Edson Aparecido Abdul Nour
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T00:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_GustavoHenriqueRibeiroda_M.pdf: 10901410 bytes, checksum: 214e9f14f9626400264bad3cf93fade5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: No presente trabalho de pesquisa foi estudada uma alternativa de união de processos anaeróbios e aeróbios sob a forma de um reator compartimentado anaeróbio/aeróbio, no tratamento de esgoto sanitário. O reator era composto por quatro câmaras seqüenciais, sendo as três primeiras anaeróbias e a última aeróbia, totalizando um volume aproximado de 2,5 m3. O Iodo gerado pelo reator foi separado em um decantador laminar e recirculado à quarta câmara. O reator, localizado em uma E.T.E. da cidade de Limeira, SP, foi operado durante um período de 444 dias, divido em cinco fases, com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) total variando de 7 a 16 horas, alimentado com esgoto sanitário que havia recebido tratamento preliminar. As cinco fases de operação corresponderam a 10, 16, 12, 8 e 7 horas de TDH. Os valores de pH ao longo de todas as câmaras e decantador, variaram entre 5,7 e 8,3 e o valor médio foi de 6,8, não sendo necessário correção e pH durante o período de estudo. Os melhores valores de remoção de 0805 foram obtidos na Fase 4 (TDH=8 horas), 56,9 a 95,7%. Contudo o teste estatístico de comparação de médias de duas amostras, verificou não. haver diferença significativa entre as fases, exceto Fase 2, ao nível de P=O,05. O desempenho do reator quanto a remoção de DQOtotal e SST foi semelhante ao obtido para 0805, com valores de 31,4 a 95,6 e 21,0 a 97,3%, respectivamente, o mesmo ocorrendo para o teste estatístico realizado. Os valores encontrados para oxigênio dissolvido no interior da câmara 4 (aeróbia) foram satisfatórios na maior parte do tempo, de acordo com os valores citados na literatura, alcançando valor máximo de 4,70 e mínimo de O mg 02.L-1. A presença do decantador laminar foi importante na remoção de sólidos provenientes do reator. Após o 1070 dia de operação, o Iodo de recirculação apresentou uma sedimentabilidade de boa a ótima. A configuração do sistema em estudo, promove adequado tratamento do efluente aplicado aliado a uma produção de Iodo aeróbio de fácil gerenciamento
Abstract: The present research aimed to study an alternative route for union of aerobic and anaerobic processes, through the use of a baffled reactor, treating sanitary wastewater. The reactor is composed of four sequential chambers, being the first tree anaerobic chambers and the last one aerobic, composing a total volume of approximately 2.5 m3. The sludge generated in the reactor is separated in a laminar sedimentation tank and recycled into the forth chamber. The reactor - placed in a wastewater treating plan of Limeira city, S. P., 8razil -operated in a period of 444 days. This period was divided in five phases, with hydraulic detention times (HOT) varying from 7 to 16 hours. The reactor was fed with sanitary wastewater which had already suffered a preliminary treatment. The five phases of operation corresponded to 10, 16, 12,8 e 7 hours of HOT, respectively. The pH values in all chambers and in the sedimentation tank, varied between 5,7 e 8,3, with a mean value of 6,8; the correction of pH values was not necessary during all periods. The best value of 8005 removal was attained in the Phase 4 (HOT=8 hours), 56,9 to 95,7%. However, the statistic comparison of the means .of two samples showed that there was no significant difference between the phases, except in Phase 2, with P=0,05. The reactor performance, in relation to COOtotal removal and TSS, was similar to that obtained for the 8005, with values of 31,4 to 95,6 and 21,0 to 97,3%, respectively. The same occurred in the statistic test. In chamber 4, the oxygen dissolved values were satisfactory in most of the periods, reaching the maximum of 4,7 and of 0,0 mg 02.L-1. The laminar sedimentation tank was important for removal of solids produced in the sedimentation tank. After the 10ih operation day, the recycled sludge presented a sedimentation capability classified between good and very good. Thus, It is possible to affirm that the baffled reactor configuration of the present work promotes an useful effluent treatment, employed to the production of an aerobic sludge with easy management
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Zhang, Qiuzi. "Kinetic formulations for growth and substrate uptake in biological wastewater treatment." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28361.

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The Monod or hyperbolic kinetic formulation became the de facto kinetic descriptor in activated sludge models in the '80s-'90s. It still plays a prominent role in activated sludge models; however, a dual hyperbolic formulation (with respect to both substrate and active biomass) that implicitly accommodates storage as well as more rationally describes metabolic kinetics is more prominent in governing metabolic functions in activated sludge models (ASMs) promulgated by working groups under the aegis of the International Water Association (IWA). There are other kinetic formulations used in the models of this group as well as models of the activated sludge process formulated by others. There is lack of consistency in the choice of kinetic formulations for various processes even within the IWA family of models. This thesis examined the basis for the common Monod and dual-hyperbolic formulations and puts forward theoretical justifications of them based on various considerations of mass transfer, storage and metabolic rate formulation. Other models were developed based on major governing principles. Models used in biological wastewater treatment are Eulerian gross descriptors of a process involving mass transfer, many substrates, and metabolic pathways and their enzymes, contained within many microorganisms. Any model at this level is merely a fit of mathematical formulations to data. As number of processes in biotreatment models increases along with mathematical descriptors and their associated coefficients, fitting an overall model improves to a point. But beyond this there has been little justification of the Monod or other kinetic expressions. Since a variety of formulations have been proposed for two of the primary metabolic processes which are hydrolysis of complex substrates and then metabolism of resulting readily degradable (or simple) substrates, the primary objective of this study was to examine these processes by experiment and determine the most appropriate models for each step. A chemostat was used in this study to culture active biomass acclimatized to a feed containing starch, a complex substrate requiring hydrolysis, and glucose which is readily biodegradable and also a product of starch hydrolysis. Active mass samples were taken from the chemostat and placed in batch reactors where varying concentrations of active mass were exposed to varying concentrations of either glucose or starch. Before adding any substrate to the batch reactors the active mass was aerated for a period of time until DO change was not observed to ensure that any stored or extraneous substrate was metabolized. After addition of one or the other substrate, the rate of dissolved oxygen (DO) uptake was monitored over the initial 15 minutes in the batch culture. Rapidly changing conditions dictated the necessity of using DO as a surrogate for either starch or glucose. Over 249 models were examined for their ability to describe glucose metabolism for 16 different batch experiments. The Monod model gave a good fit to the data. Other models that were equally applicable were too complex or made no scientific sense. Another series of batch tests were conducted using only starch as a substrate. Again substrate concentration and active mass concentration were varied in the batch tests in six different batch runs. The results from these experiments were again used to determine the adequacy of 249 starch hydrolysis models. The Monod type relationship and a dual hyperbolic relation again proved to be the most reasonable choices. Also a first-order model based on starch concentration was applicable. However no general set of coefficients that applied to all experiments was found for any model; it is necessary to calibrate either model to environmental conditions. All of these models are fairly simple in terms of concept as well as determination of parameters and have scientific sensibility in describing hydrolysis of SBCOD. Keywords: wastewater, activated sludge, dissolved oxygen, modeling
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Reino, María Llarena. "Sanitary control of fish muscle parasites in Atlantic fisheries." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15395.

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Doutoramento em Biologia - Biologia Marinha
European fisheries represent one of the leading economic activities in the world. Marine parasites with public health and industrial concern have become a key issue in major European markets, due to three main reasons: (1) the presence of a reported increasing number of allergic and gastrointestinal disorders caused by fish-borne parasitic infections, (2) the commercial impact and high economic losses due to fish rejections, and (3) the applicability of Regulation EC 178/2002, which states that “fish with visible parasites is unfit for human consumption”. Over the last few years, since the entry into force of European and Member States regulations on food and specifically fishery products, co-responsibility for food quality and safety has lain with food industry, which has introduced Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs in all its actions concerning the food chain. Consequently, significant progresses have been achieved regarding the prevention of parasites in seafood products. However, there is a lack of consensus and standardization for parasite inspection at fishing companies, and no efficient and accurate modus operandi exists to be implemented and accepted by the industry as a routine technique. The EU legal framework defined by zoosanitary regulations, scientific opinions from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the European Hygiene Package among others, has provided a basis on which the fishing sector has focussed its activity. Accordingly, this dissertation has been driven by these considerations during the course of its execution. This context led us to carry out a meticulous horizon scanning under a multidisciplinary approach, as an overview tool in proactive risk management. This fundamental practice takes due account of the stringent requirements that new markets are demanding to fishing industry, and the lacks and needs of the fishing sector with regard to the impact of the most relevant parasites with public health and industrial concern. A comprehensive technical evaluation and laboratory testing of the official parasite detection methods evidenced low reliability within the two most commonly used qualitative inspection procedures in fish processing (i.e. candling, gross visual inspection). Consistent parallel research carried out, has given as a result innovative scientific developments for diagnostic purposes and for the optimization of the current detection procedures. These technological improvements have been presented in more accessible and manageable formats for their incorporation into self-control programs at the fishing industry. Furthermore, the huge amount of inspection work carried out in the most relevant fish species, has allowed reaching a deeper knowledge concerning three very important parasite groups that are impacting on fishing industry; microsporidians, anisakids and copepods. Finally, the design and application of two innovating tools for parasite management (a scoring system for predictive assessment of fish lots, and a transfer of knowledge model presented in web format), helpful for seafood producers, policy makers and general public, are good examples of how to contribute stimulating the exchanging of ideas among stakeholders and improving the inspection scheme. They are also the best approach for helping to convert scientific findings and technological advances into industrial and commercial success. Scientific excellence requires investment in R&D&I with regard to acquire and expand a sound scientific basis for policy and regulation on food safety, and also for helping fishing industry to achieve a preventing plan which provides added value products. The high national and international exporting activity carried out daily from the most important fishing ports of Portugal and from the fishing Port of Vigo, requires that strict control measures based on groundbreaking scientific advances, have to be incorporated into proactive selfinspections made by seafood companies. These measures must include effective preventing and corrective actions in the edible part of heavily infected fish species, thus guaranteeing products of the highest safety and quality to final consumers.
A indústria pesqueira Europeia é uma das principais atividades económicas do mundo. Os parasitas marinhos com relevância em termos de saúde pública e ao nível da indústria constituem uma questão crucial nos principais mercados Europeus, devido a três razões principais (1) a presença de um número crescente de perturbações alérgicas e gastrointestinais causadas por infecções parasitárias de origem alimentar, (2) o impacto comercial e as perdas económicas resultantes do elevado volume de rejeições, e (3) a aplicação do Regulamento (CE) 178/2002, segundo a qual “o pescado com parasitas visíveis é impróprio para consumo humano”. Durante os últimos anos, com a entrada em vigor dos regulamentos Europeus e dos Estados Membros sobre alimentos, e especificamente sobre os produtos da pesca, e uma vez que a corresponsabilidade da qualidade e da segurança dos alimentos compete à indústria, a indústria pesqueira incorporou os programas de Análise do Risco e Pontos de Controlo Críticos (HACCP) nas suas competências em relação à cadeia alimentar. Consequentemente, tudo isto permitiu alcançar progressos significativos relativos à prevenção dos parasitas nos produtos da pesca. No entanto, há uma falta de consenso e de normalização sobre o tipo de inspeção de parasitas nas companhias pesqueiras, e não existe um modus operandi preciso e eficiente que seja aceite e implementado como técnica de rotina pela indústria. O atual quadro jurídico da UE definido pelos regulamentos zoo sanitários, o parecer do painel científico da Autoridade Europeia para a Segurança dos Alimentos (AESA), bem como o pacote da Higiene Alimentar entre outros, proporcionaram uma base sobre a qual o sector das pescas centra a sua actividade. Por conseguinte, a presente dissertação foi direccionada por todas estas considerações no decurso da sua execução. Este contexto conduziu-nos a realizar uma prospecção meticulosa, inovadora e multidisciplinar, como ferramenta fundamental para uma abordagem integrativa e pró-activa de gestão de riscos, entrando em linha de conta com as principais exigências dos novos mercados em relação à indústria pesqueira, e com as carências e necessidades do sector da pesca em relação ao impacto dos parasitas mais relevantes aos níveis comercial e de saúde pública. A avaliação técnica e numerosos testes de laboratório exaustivos dos métodos qualitativos oficiais de detecção de parasitas mais utilizados no processamento do pescado (transiluminação, inspeção visual), demonstraram baixos níveis de fiabilidade. Trabalhos de investigação desenvolvidos em paralelo permitiram desenvolvimentos científicos inovadores, melhorias tecnológicas para fins de diagnóstico e a otimização dos procedimentos de detecção vigentes. Estas melhorias foram apresentadas num formato mais acessível, de mais fácil compreensão e manuseio para a sua inclusão nos programas de autocontrolo na indústria pesqueira. Por outro lado, o amplo trabalho de inspecção realizado nas espécies de peixe comerciais mais importantes permitiu chegar a um conhecimento mais aprofundado de três grupos importantíssimos de parasitas que estão a ter um impacto considerável sobre o sector das pescas; microsporídeos, anisaquídeos e copépodes. Finalmente, o desenvolvimento e aplicação prática de duas ferramentas inovadoras para a gestão de parasitoses (um sistema de avaliação preditiva em lotes de peixe, e um modelo de transmissão de conhecimento em formato web), úteis para as empresas pesqueiras, autoridades sanitárias e público em geral, revelaram-se bons exemplos de como se pode contribuir para estimular o intercâmbio de ideias entre as partes interessadas, como melhorar a eficácia dos sistemas de inspeção, e especialmente de como converter as descobertas científicas e os avanços tecnológicos em êxitos industriais e comerciais. A excelência científica requer investimentos em PD&I, a fim de adquirir e expandir uma base científica sólida para a política, vigilância e regulamentação da segurança dos alimentos, e também para ajudar as indústrias a alcançar um plano de prevenção de modo a que possam oferecer produtos de maior valor acrescentado. A intensa atividade diária de exportação nacional e internacional realizada nos mais importantes portos pesqueiros de Portugal e no porto de pesca de Vigo (Galiza), requer que medidas de controlo estritas, baseadas nos avanços tecnológicos e científicos mais recentes, sejam integradas nos programas pró-activos de auto-controlo das companhias pesqueiras. Ainda assim, estas medidas devem incluir ações corretivas eficazes e ações de prevenção, perante a detecção de infecções graves nas partes comestíveis dos peixes, garantindo assim aos consumidores finais produtos com o mais alto nível de qualidade e segurança.
La industria pesquera en Europa constituye una de las principales actividades económicas del mundo. Las parasitosis de origen marino con repercusiones comerciales e implicaciones en la salud pública se han convertido en un problema clave en los mercados europeos debido a tres motivos principales: (1) al incremento en el número de notificaciones de alergias y desórdenes gastrointestinales causados por infecciones parasitarias transmitidas tras el consumo de pescado, (2) al impacto comercial y las elevadas pérdidas económicas debidas a los rechazos por la presencia de parásitos visibles (y/o sus lesiones asociadas), y (3) a la aplicación del Reglamento CE 178/2002, el cual establece que “todo pescado visiblemente parasitado es considerado no apto para el consumo humano”. En los últimos años, a partir de la entrada en vigor de reglamentos específicos sobre los productos de la pesca (tanto a nivel europeo como a nivel de los Estados miembros), la corresponsabilidad de la calidad y seguridad alimentaria ha recaído sobre la industria alimentaria, que consecuentemente ha incorporado programas de Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (APPCC) a todas sus actuaciones entorno a la cadena alimentaria. En consecuencia, todo ello ha comportado el logro de considerables avances concernientes a la prevención de los parásitos en productos marinos. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un modus operandi lo suficientemente eficiente y fiable en la inspección parasitaria como para ser implementado y aceptado por el sector pesquero como técnica de rutina, es fiel reflejo de la falta de consenso y estandarización existente entre las compañías pesqueras. El marco legal de la UE definido por los reglamentos zoosanitarios, las opiniones científicas de la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (AESA), y por el Paquete de Higiene Alimentaria entre otros, ha sentado las bases sobre las que el sector pesquero ha fundamentado su actividad, y en consecuencia, sobre las que el desarrollo de la presente tesis doctoral ha focalizado su atención. Este mismo contexto es el que nos ha llevado a realizar un meticuloso “horizon scanning” bajo un enfoque multidisciplinario y a modo de herramienta “radar”. Este instrumento resulta fundamental para la gestión proactiva de riesgos, y debe tener en cuenta las principales exigencias de los nuevos mercados de la industria pesquera, así como las carencias y necesidades del sector en relación al impacto de los parásitos con mayores implicaciones sanitarias y comerciales. La evaluación técnica y las exhaustivas pruebas de laboratorio realizadas en este trabajo para valorar la fiabilidad de los dos métodos cualitativos de detección oficiales más utilizados durante el procesado de pescado (candling e inspección visual) evidenciaron que estos procedimientos presentan un bajo nivel de fiabilidad. Las investigaciones ejecutadas en paralelo permitieron optimizar los métodos de detección de parásitos en productos de la pesca vigentes, así como desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas con fines diagnósticos. Algunas de éstas han sido presentadas en un formato más accesible y manejable para facilitar su incorporación en los programas de autocontrol de las industrias pesqueras. Por otra parte, el amplio trabajo de inspección realizado con las especies de pescado de mayor interés comercial, permitió llegar a un conocimiento mucho más detallado de tres importantísimos grupos de parásitos que actualmente tienen un alto impacto sobre el sector; microsporidios, anisákidos y copépodos. Finalmente, el diseño, la creación y la aplicación práctica de dos herramientas innovadoras para la gestión de parasitosis (un sistema de evaluación predictiva en lotes de pescado, y un modelo de transferencia de conocimiento en formato web) útiles para las empresas pesqueras, las autoridades sanitarias, y los consumidores, han demostrado ser buenos ejemplos de cómo contribuir a estimular el intercambio de ideas entre las partes interesadas, a mejorar la eficacia del esquema de inspección, y sobre todo a convertir los hallazgos científicos y los avances tecnológicos en éxito industrial y comercial. La excelencia científica requiere inversión en I+D+i a fin de adquirir y expandir una base científica sólida para la normalización y vigilancia de la seguridad alimentaria, además de para ayudar a la industria pesquera a conseguir un plan de prevención que permita ofrecer productos de alto valor añadido. La intensa actividad diaria de exportación nacional e internacional que tiene lugar en el puerto pesquero de Vigo y en los puertos pesqueros más importantes de Portugal, requiere que las estrictas medidas de control basadas en los avances tecnológicos y científicos más recientes sean integradas en los programas proactivos de autocontrol de las empresas pesqueras. Asimismo, estas medidas deben incluir acciones preventivas y correctivas efectivas sobre la parte comestible de los peces gravemente parasitados, garantizando así, productos con e más alto nivel de calidad y seguridad para el consumidor final.
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Verità, Simona <1977&gt. "Radioattività naturale nei prodotti ceramici: valutazioni teoriche e sperimentali degli effetti ambientali e sanitari." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1439/.

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I materiali zirconiferi, in particolare i silicati di zirconio e l’ossido di zirconio, vengono ampiamente utilizzati in diverse applicazioni industriali: fra queste, l’industria delle piastrelle ceramiche e di produzione dei materiali refrattari ne consuma quantitativi consistenti. Misure di spettrometria gamma condotte su diversi campioni di materiale zirconifero (farine di zirconio e sabbie zirconifere) utilizzati nell’industria ceramica per la produzione del gres porcellanato e delle piastrelle smaltate, hanno messo in evidenza valori di concentrazione di attività superiori a quelli presenti mediamente sulla crosta terrestre (35, 30 Bqkg-1 per il 238U e il 232Th, rispettivamente [Unscear, 2000]). L’aggiunta del materiale zirconifero nella preparazione delle piastrelle ceramiche in particolare di quelle smaltate (in una percentuale in peso pari al 10-20%) del gres porcellanato (in una percentuale in peso di 1-10%) e delle lamine di gres porcellanato “sottile” (in una percentuale in peso dell’ordine del 30%), conferisce al prodotto finale un alto grado di bianco, buone caratteristiche meccaniche ed un elevato effetto opacizzante, ma comporta anche un arricchimento in radionuclidi naturali. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di mettere a punto una metodologia (teorica e sperimentale) per valutare l’incremento di esposizione che possono ricevere un lavoratore standard di una industria ceramica ed una persona del pubblico che soggiorna in un ambiente rivestito con piastrelle. Da un lato, la presenza di radioattività nelle sabbie zirconifere, utilizzate come materie prime per la produzione di piastrelle, porta a considerare il problema dell’incremento di esposizione che può subire un lavoratore impiegato in ambiente di lavoro dove sono stoccati e manipolati consistenti quantitativi di materiale, dall’altro il contenuto di radioattività nel prodotto finito porta a considerare l’esposizione per una persona della popolazione che soggiorna in una stanza rivestita con materiale ceramico. Le numerose misure effettuate, unitamente allo sviluppo dei modelli necessari per valutare le dosi di esposizione per le persone del pubblico e dei lavoratori impiegati nel processo di produzione di piastrelle ceramiche, hanno permesso di mettere a punto una procedura che fornisce le garanzie necessarie per dichiarare accettabili le condizioni di lavoro nelle industrie ceramiche e più in generale il rispetto delle norme radioprotezionistiche per gli occupanti di ambienti rivestiti con piastrelle italiane.
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6

Dedhar, Saleem. "Ammonia removal from a landfill leachate by biological nitrification and denitrification." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25088.

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The discharge of a landfill leachate to a receiving water body can cause a serious pollution problem. One component of leachate that can have a severe impact on a receiving water body is ammonia and its oxidized form, nitrate. This study investigated the biological treatibility of a high ammonia leachate, with specific regard to nitriification and denitrification. A continuous-feed, single sludge denitrification system with recycle was used. Leachate ammonia concentrations of up to 288 mg/L-N were reduced to less than 1 mg/L. The ammonia was removed by nitrification and bacterial uptake. About 25% of the incoming ammonia was taken up by the bacteria in the anoxic reactor; the rest was subsequently nitrified in the aerobic reactor. The nitrates produced in the aerobic reactor were recycled back to the anoxic reactor to undergo denitrification. Glucose was added directly to the anoxic reactor to aid denitrification. The degree of denitrification was dependent on the glucose loading to the anoxic reactor; however, 100% denitrification was achieved on several occasions. The influent leachate COD removal was 20%; however after the addition of glucose to the system, a mean COD removal of 74% was obtained. Of the COD removed across the system, 85% was used in the anoxic reactor for denitrification, and the remaining 15% was used by the heterotrophs in the aerobic reactor. The four metals monitored regularly, zinc, manganese, nickel and iron were removed by the biomass, but not to the same extent During the latter part of the study, the system was first spiked with manganese, and then - zinc, to try and induce an inhibitory effect on the nitrification process. The manganese had no detectable effect on the system. However, total zinc (>95% soluble) levels of between 14.9 and 17.6 mg/L caused substantial inhibition of the nitrification process, resulting in approximately 70 mg/L ammonia in the effluent (feed = 216 mg/L). This inhibition was also evident from the lower percent nitrification values and the unit nitrification rates. This high influent zinc concentration also caused deflocculation, resulting in the loss of significant quantities of biomass with the effluent. The high zinc concentrations also inhibited the denitrifiers, resulting in a decrease in the ammonia uptake, as well as an increase in the COD (used)/Nitrate+Nitrite (NOT) (reduced) ratios in the anoxic reactor. The zinc levels were then lowered to allow the system to return to normal; after this state had been reached, the influent total zinc (>95% soluble) levels were again increased up to 19.5 mg/L. This concentration of zinc did not result in any ammonia appearing in the effluent; thus, it is possible that the bacteria had acclimatized to these high influent zinc concentrations.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Tremblay, Catherine V. M. "Biological and physico-chemical removal of iron from potable waters : redox potential as an indicator of treatment effectiveness." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20523.

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The first objective of this research was to evaluate oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as an indicator of effective iron removal in a biological process and to determine its relationship to dissolved oxygen (DO) and residual iron in the filtered water. Biological removal of iron to produce drinking water was established on one full-scale and two pilot-scale plants at two sites in France. Results show that below a minimum DO concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/L, residual iron concentration was related to ORP in the filtered water. Above the minimum DO requirement, ORP on the order of approximately 500 mV consistently reflected effective iron treatment and residual iron concentrations less than the French norm for potable water of 0.2 mg/L.
Secondly, two catalytic materials of filtration known as Ferrolite MC2 and Purolite were investigated on pilot-scale for their capacity to oxidize iron and manganese. Results showed that both materials eliminated dissolved iron to below detection levels regardless of DO or filtration rates up to 15 m/h (Ferrolite MC2) and 20 m/h (Purolite). During the trial period where no filter regeneration was carried out, the elimination of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese, respectively, were 100% and 77% for Purolite and 100% and 65% for Ferrolite MC2 for a raw water with 3.47 mg/L of dissolved iron and 0.317 of dissolved manganese. Purolite filtered a total volume of 1127 L or 137 L/kg of catalytic material and Ferrolite MC2 filtered a total of 1457 L or 217 L/kg.
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Sutherland, Karen Ann. "Biological treatment of sulphide concentrator recycle water and effects on flotation." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61338.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biological treatment, using a trickling filter, on recycle water from a sulphide concentrator. Activated carbon (AC) treatment was studied for comparative purposes.
Both biological AC treatment increased the recovery of chalcopyrite in a single mineral microflotation test, from approximately 5.5% to 14.4% and 7.2% respectively. However, major differences were observed between various samples when comparing the number and types of bubbles produced during frothing tests. As expected, the number of bubbles produced per given volume decreased following AC treatment, approaching that of tap water. However, after biological treatment, the number of bubbles was increased. It is suspected that the changes produced by biological treatment in the recycle water might produce organic matter more surface active than that initially found in the wastewater.
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Wendling, Ana Cláudia. "Remoção simultânea de matéria organica e nitrogênio total em reator de leito estruturado com aeração intermitente tratando efluente composto por esgoto bruto e efluente de ralf." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2424.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O consumo do oxigênio dissolvido nos corpos hídricos é um dos principais problemas resultantes da poluição nas águas por matéria orgânica. Outro ponto importante é a eutrofização, que é o crescimento excessivo das plantas devido ao excesso de nutrientes presentes nesse meio. As estações de tratamento de esgoto brasileiras costumam utilizar processos biológicos para a remoção da matéria orgânica e do nitrogênio. Nesse sentido visando a remoção simultânea da Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e de Nitrogênio Total (NT) do esgoto sanitário, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um reator de leito estruturado com aeração intermitente, com períodos de aeração de 60 minutos seguidos de 120 minutos sem aeração, a cada ciclo de 180 minutos. O reator foi operado com Tempo de Detenção Hidráulica (TDH) de 8 horas, temperatura de 30 ± 1ºC, alimentação contínua e razão de recirculação igual a 2. Foram realizados 5 ensaios que se diferenciaram em a composição do afluente. Os afluentes foram compostos por uma combinação de parcelas de esgoto sanitário bruto da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) Verde e efluente de Reator Anaeróbio de Leito Fluidizado (RALF) da mesma ETE. As concentrações de cada parcela no afluente foram de 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. Como meio suporte para a fixação dos microrganismos foram utilizados 13 cilindros de espuma de poliuretano dispostos verticalmente no reator. Para avaliação da eficiência do processo, foram realizadas as análises de pH, alcalinidade, Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl (NTK), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH4+), nitrito (N-NO2-), nitrato (N-NO3-), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e fósforo. A eficiência mínima de remoção de DQO obtida foi de 76% e a máxima de 95%, porém os resultados apontaram que não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os ensaios para esse parâmetro. A melhor eficiência de remoção de NT foi de 78%, com afluente composto apenas por efluente do RALF, que foi o ensaio 3. Nestas condições o efluente apresentou teores de DQO de 14 mg.L-1, de N-NH4+ de 3 mg.L-1, de N-NO3- de 2 mg.L-1 e de N-NO2- de 3 mg.L-1. Diante dos resultados foi possível concluir que o reator de leito estruturado e aeração intermitente é eficiente para a remoção simultânea da matéria orgânica carbonácea e nitrogenada com afluente contendo uma mistura do esgoto bruto e efluente de RALF nas mais diferentes proporções.
The consumption of dissolved oxygen in water bodies is one of the main problems resulting from water pollution by organic matter. Another important point is eutrophication, which is the excessive growth of plants due to the excess of nutrients present in this medium. Brazilian sewage treatment plants usually use biological processes for the removal of organic matter and nitrogen. In this sense, aiming at the simultaneous removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Nitrogen (TN) from sanitary sewage, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a structured bed reactor with intermittent aeration, with aeration periods of 60 Minutes followed by 120 minutes without aeration, with each cycle of 180 minutes. The reactor was operated with Hydraulic Detention Time (HDT) of 8 hours, temperature of 30 ± 1ºC, continuous feed and recirculation ratio equal to 2. Five trials were performed that differed in the composition of the influent. The influente were composed of a combination of raw sewage plots from the Green Sewage Treatment Station (ETE) and the Fluidized Bed Anaerobic Reactor (RALF) effluent from the same ETE. The concentrations of each plot in the affluent were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. As a support medium for Microorganisms were used 13 polyurethane foam cylinders arranged vertically in the reactor. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the process, pH, alkalinity, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+), nitrite (N-NO2-), nitrate (N-NO3-), Chemical Demand Oxygen (COD) and phosphorus. The minimum COD removal efficiency obtained was 76% and the maximum of 95%, but the results showed that there was no significant statistical difference between the tests for this parameter. The best effluent removal efficiency was 78%, with an effluent composed only of RALF effluent, which was test 3. Under these conditions, the effluent had COD contents of 14 mg.L-1, 3 mg N-NH4+.L-1, N-NO3- of 2 mg.L-1 and N NO2- of 3 mg.L-1. In view of the results it was possible to conclude that the structured bed reactor and intermittent aeration is efficient for the simultaneous removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous organic matter with a influent containing a mixture of crude sewage and RALF effluent in the most different proportions.
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Batista, Vanessa Mastrodomenico. "Sistema combinado aplicado ao tratamento de esgoto sanitario contendo formaldeido : desempenho e avaliação biomassa." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258170.

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Orientador: Edson Aparecido Abdul Nour
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O presente estudo visou verificar a tratabilidade de efluente sanitário contendo formaldeído por meio do sistema combinado de fluxo contínuo composto de um filtro anaeróbio (FA) seguido de biofiltro aerado submerso (BAS), com tempo de detenção hidráulica de 12 h em cada reator. As concentrações de formaldeído adicionado ao esgoto sanitário afluente foram 57 ± 59, 90 ± 55, 267 ± 53, 420 ± 137, 533 ± 174 e 946 ± 131 mg/L, sendo que o aumento da concentração se deu após estabilização do sistema em cada etapa. A carga máxima de formaldeído aplicada ao sistema combinado foi de 1,121 kg HCHO/m3.d e a removida foi 1,116 kg HCHO/m3.d. Neste período foi encontrada a máxima carga de DQO aplicada e removida no sistema de, respectivamente, 2,5 kg DQO/m3.d e de 2,2 kg DQO/ m3.d. Não foi atingida a carga máxima de redução da concentração de formaldeído e DQO do sistema combinado. Durante toda a operação do sistema com aplicação de formaldeído, a redução de concentração de formaldeído no sistema combinado foi de 94 ± 2 %, sendo que a concentração média de formaldeído no efluente do sistema combinado foi de 5 ± 2,4 mg/L. No entanto, a redução de DQO do sistema combinado em relação ao seu efluente decantado, foi de 84 ± 11 %. Foi constatada a importância do gerenciamento da biomassa nos reatores de modo a não interferir na qualidade dos efluentes tratados. A nitrificação no BAS atingiu seu máximo durante o período de aplicação de formaldeído de 90 ± 55 mg/L e durante este mesmo período iniciou seu declínio. Nos ensaios cinéticos, a biomassa aeróbia apresentou maiores velocidades de consumo de formaldeído e maior capacidade de redução da concentração de DQO que a biomassa anaeróbia. As reações de primeira ordem foram a que melhor representaram o consumo de formaldeído nestes ensaios, e sua taxa depende da concentração inicial de formaldeído, da localização da biomassa nos reatores, da concentração de formaldeído aplicada ao sistema e seu estágio de adaptação. A maior velocidade específica de consumo de formaldeído encontrada para a biomassa aeróbia foi de 0,457 mg HCHO/g STV.h, sendo sua média igual a 0,325 ± 0,120 mg HCHO/g STV.h. Para a biomassa anaeróbia, estes valores foram inferiores, sendo a maior velocidade encontrada de 0,360 mg HCHO/g STV.h e sua média para todos os experimentos de 0,135 ± 0,117 mg HCHO/g STV.h Foi possível verificar a adaptação da biomassa aeróbia frente ao efeito tóxico do formaldeído através de ensaio cinético com biomassa não adaptada, a qual sua velocidade de consumo de formaldeído após o período de adaptação foi de 0,42 mg HCHO/L.h. e sua velocidade específica de 0,404 mg HCHO/g STV.h.
Abstract: This study was developed with the intent to verify the treatability of domestic wastewater containing formaldehyde in a combined system formed by an Anaerobic Filter followed by a Biological Aerated Filter, each one with 12 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The reactor's performance was monitored by different influent formaldehyde concentration applied in the influent domestic wastewater, ranging from 57 ± 59, 90 ± 55, 267 ± 53, 420 ± 137, 533 ± 174 until 946 ± 131 mg/L, considering that the raising concentration was given after the wastewater treatment stabilization in each stage. The maximum formaldehyde rate applied in the combined system achieved 1,121 kg HCHO/m3.d and the maximum removed was 1,116 kg HCHO/ m3. d. During this stage there was also the maximum applied and removed COD loading rate, represented respectively by 2,5 kg COD/m3.d and 2,2 kg COD/m3.d. The maximum removed formaldehyde and COD rate were not reached. The removal average of the formaldehyde concentration in the combined system was 94 ± 2 %, and the average formaldehyde concentration in combined system effluent was 5 ± 2,4 mg/L. However, the average COD concentration reduction was 84 ± 11 %. The importance of controlling the biomass in the reactors was noticed for the quality treated effluent. The maximum BAS nitrification reached the maximum rate during the 90 ± 55 mg/L formaldehyde concentration in the influent and, in the same formaldehyde concentration, this rate started to decrease. In the tests for kinetics parameters, the formaldehyde consumption rates and COD concentration removal obtained for the aerobic biomass was higher than anaerobic biomass. The formaldehyde consumption was the first order reaction and it's rate depends on initial formaldehyde concentration, biomass localization in the reactors, formaldehyde concentration applied in the system and biomass adaptation stage. The maximum formaldehyde consumption specific rate was 0,457 mg HCHO/g STV.h for aerobic biomass.and your formaldehyde consumption rate was 0,325 ± 0,120 mg HCHO/g STV.h. For the anaerobic biomass, this values is less than it was for aerobic biomass and the maximum formaldehyde consumption specific rate was the 0,360 mg HCHO/g STV.h and the average was 0,135 ± 0,117 mg HCHO/g STV.h. It was possible to verify the aerobic biomass adaptation through the kinetics tests, after the adaptation its specific formaldehyde consumption specific rate was 0,404 mg HCHO/g STV.h..
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Books on the topic "Biologia sanitarna"

1

Bobrowski, Mirosław. Podstawy biologii sanitarnej. Białystok: Wydaw. Ekonomia i Środowisko, 2002.

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Gattai, Aldo. Senescenza e senilità: Aspetti biologici, demografici, sanitari, psicologici, etico-sociali, assistenziali. Milano: OEMF, 1991.

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International Symposium MBT 2007 (2007 Hannover, Germany). International Symposium MBT 2007: Mechanical biological treatment and automatic sorting of municipal solid waste : proceedings, 22-24 May 2007. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2007.

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International Symposium MBT 2007 (2007 Hannover, Germany). International Symposium MBT 2007: Mechanical biological treatment and automatic sorting of municipal solid waste : proceedings, 22-24 May 2007. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2007.

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International Symposium MBT 2007 (2007 Hannover, Germany). International Symposium MBT 2007: Mechanical biological treatment and automatic sorting of municipal solid waste : proceedings, 22-24 May 2007. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2007.

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Holder-Franklin, Maxine A. Microbiological indicators for assessing hydraulic connection in buried high permeability zones at waste disposal sites: Final report : RAC project no. 543G. Toronto: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1996.

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Kristensen, Preben. Økotoksikologiske metoder til undersøgelse af forurenet grundvand og perkolat: Litteraturundersøgelse. [Lyngby]: Lossepladsprojektet, 1988.

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School. Edina, Minn: ABDO, 2009.

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Corporation, Ontario Waste Management. Site selection process: Phase 4A: technical appendix - existing biological conditions. [Toronto]: Ontario Waste Management Corporation, 1985.

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IAWQ Task Group on Respirometry. Respirometry in control of the activated sludge process: Principles. London: International Association on Water Quality, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biologia sanitarna"

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Thirumurthi, D. "Biodegradation of Sanitary Landfill Leachate." In Biological Degradation of Wastes, 207–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3664-8_9.

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Updegraff, D. M. "Biological Methanogenesis in Sediments and Sanitary Landfills." In Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments, 227–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48739-2_23.

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Kumar, Vivek, Ram Prasad, Pankaj Goyal, Narendra Tuteja, Joginder Singh, Ajit Varma, and Manoj Kumar. "Prominences on Xenobiotic Degradation Underneath of Ecological Sanitary." In Soil Biology, 373–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47744-2_24.

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Golino, D. A., M. Fuchs, S. Sim, K. Farrar, and G. P. Martelli. "Improvement of Grapevine Planting Stock Through Sanitary Selection and Pathogen Elimination." In Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management, 561–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_27.

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Dixon, David C. "Sanitary Equipment Design." In Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering, Second Edition, 1–4. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-eafe2-120048413.

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Žgajnar Gotvajn, Andreja, and Aleksander Pavko. "Perspectives on Biological Treatment of Sanitary Landfill Leachate." In Wastewater Treatment Engineering. InTech, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/60924.

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Kamaruddin, Mohamad Anuar. "Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Landfill Leachate Treatment." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 355–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5766-1.ch013.

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Sanitary landfilling is the most acceptable method to eliminate solid urban wastes. However, it is known that sanitary landfill generates large amount of heavily polluted leachate. High concentrations of recalcitrant organics make its degradation more complicated and high concentration of organic material can be toxic and reduce bioremediation process. Landfill leachate treatment by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been intensively studied with high successful rate for removing refractory pollutants (biological degradation) from leachate. Fenton reaction which is one basic AOPs is based on the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the leachate in the presence of ferrous salt as a catalyst. Because of that, many improvement and development of new Fenton-based methods have been reported in the literature. This review discussed the application of Fenton and related processes in terms of wide application in landfill leachate treatment. The effects of various operating parameters and their optimum ranges for organics contaminant removed were also discussed.
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Rimmington, Anthony. "Stalin’s BW Archipelago." In Stalin's Secret Weapon, 175–86. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928858.003.0011.

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During the immediate post-war period, Lavrentiy Beria, the Soviet minister of internal affairs, continued to maintain control of the Soviet biological warfare program and to further develop its offensive capabilities. In his new role, Beria and his staff had access to biological weapons specialists captured as a result of the Soviet victory in the Second World War. In the post-war period, Beria maintained the NIIEG facility at remote Kirov as the key hub of the Soviet BW program. During the period 1947 to 1949, a new military BW facility was spun off from the Kirov institute. Based in Sverdlovsk it was known as the USSR Ministry of Defense’s Scientific-Research Institute of Hygiene. In 1953, a third military BW facility, the Scientific-Research Sanitary Institute, was created at Zagorsk. The Vozrozhdenie Island open-air BW proving ground was also expanded after the war.
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Rogovski, Paula, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Doris Sobral Marques Souza, Estêvão Brasiliense Souza, Raphael da Silva, Michelly Alves Silva, Aline Viancelli, et al. "Perspectives of biological bacteriophage-based tools for wastewater systems monitoring and sanitary control." In The Future of Effluent Treatment Plants, 33–50. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822956-9.00003-9.

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Rana, Vivek. "Sustainable Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Constructed Wetlands." In Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants, 237–55. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch013.

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Sanitary landfilling is the major method of disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries. The disposal of MSW in landfills generates a large amount of highly toxic leachate, which has high potential hazards for the public, flora, fauna health and ecosystems. Advanced leachate treatment systems using biological and chemical treatment methods are recently implemented in developed countries, but high investment and operating costs restricted their application in most of the developing countries. To overcome this problem, an alternative sustainable treatment technology such as phytoremediation could be beneficial. The constructed wetland treatment system is an economical alternative for leachate treatment using local resources and is an energy-efficient technology. These green systems utilize anaerobic and aerobic reactions to break down, immobilize, or incorporate organic substances and other contaminants from polluted effluent. This chapter highlights the recent advances in the treatment of landfill leachates using constructed wetlands.
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Conference papers on the topic "Biologia sanitarna"

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Bieth, F., T. Schunck, S. Pinguet, R. Bischoff, and P. Delmote. "Biological and sanitary effects of high-power microwave ultra-wideband (HPM/UWB) signals." In 2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2013.6889105.

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Lukjanova, Е. А., А. N. Sysoeva, D. А. Ivasenko, D. А. Ivasenko, and Y. А. Frank. "EFFECT OF THE “BIOBAKT “MICROCLIMATE” BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON MICROFLORA OF INDOOR LIVESTOCK FARM SECTIONS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.683-685.

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Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the biological preparation "BioBact" Microclimate" based on Bacillus subtilis D18 on the microflora of indoor livestock farm sections. Experimental treatment of farrowing sections was carried out at one of the livestock farms in Tomsk region, West Siberia. Monitoring of the sanitary-indicative microorganisms counts revealed a decrease in the total aerobic microbial counts, number of E. coli group bacteria, enteric bacteria and Staphylococcus spp. in the experimental sections of the livestock farm compared to control conditions.
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Bieth, Francois, Therese Schunck, Sylvain Pinguet, Rainer Bischoff, and Philippe Delmote. "Biological and sanitary effects of high power microwave ultra wide band (HPM/UWB) signals." In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6633361.

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Alekseev, M. A. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECT POPULATIONS TO AVERMECTINS." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-61.

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Brief review on avermectin resistance in insects of sanitary and hygienic and medical value is given. In our country, avermectins upon their rational use will be an important component in the system of measures of non-specific prevention of human infectious diseases.
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Usha, Boris, Ekaterina Lenchenko, Vladimir Lucay, Svetlana Kontsevaya, and Elena Pavlova. "CLUSTER SYSTEM OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY EDUCATION TO ENSURE BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS." In 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.2613.

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Shapel, Uladzislau, Anastasiya Shapel, Aliaksandr Sharstniou, and Hanna Bandarenka. "Plasmonic nanovoids for monitoring sanitary conditions of a public place by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." In Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XIII, edited by Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss, and Amos Danielli. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2578977.

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Pourcher, Anne-Marie, Christine Ziebal, Magalie Kervarrec, Thierry Bioteau, and Patrick Dabert. "Sanitary status of 47 pig manures in Brittany: comparison of the effectiveness of manure treatments on the levels of indicator bacteria and two pathogenic bacteria." In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-686.

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Gogol, Elina V., Guzel I. Gumerova, and Olga S. Egrova. "Approaches to Assessment and Hazard Identification of Dioxins." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.021.

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In the Russian practice in the framework of environmental regulation sanitary measurements to assess the toxicity of the objects of the environment, which are based on the determination of standardized components concentrations and comparing them with the limit value, are widely used. But this approach doesn’t allow assessing the degree of biological hazards for organisms. The biotesting method has been considered for assessing the safety of dioxin-like compounds. Dioxins can be formed out of control in the environment. Ultraviolet radiation accelerates the formation of dioxins, as it enhances the ability of a chemical reaction of chlorine. This phenomenon is well known in Russia, where the chlorination is a standard procedure of water treatment and disinfection of drinking water, and control of the content of chlorophenols is an optional procedure. Simulation of the formation of dioxins in the process of chlorination of water, containing phenolic compounds, was carried out. Process of dioxins transformation in living systems to more toxic metabolites has been described. Enzymes that are involved in detoxification of dioxins have been identified. According to the results of bioassay danger of water samples, containing dioxins, is underestimated, since it doesn’t take into account specific features of metabolism of dioxins in living organisms. Under the action of enzymes in the cells the less toxic compounds can be converted into the more toxic in terms of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The system of determination of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor doesn’t account for it. Thus, during determination of danger of xenobiotics in living organisms we should move away from the determination of acute toxicity and focus on the processes that are started by enzyme systems when a toxicant gets into cells of living organisms.
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