Academic literature on the topic 'Biological activity of chamomile extracts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biological activity of chamomile extracts"
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Danciu, Corina, Istvan Zupko, Andrea Bor, et al. "Botanical Therapeutics: Phytochemical Screening and Biological Assessment of Chamomile, Parsley and Celery Extracts against A375 Human Melanoma and Dendritic Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113624.
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Chamomile, parsley, and celery represent major botanical sources of apigenin, a well-known flavone with chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extracts obtained from chamomile, parsley, and celery collected from Romania, as well as the biological activity against A375 human melanoma and human dendritic cells. Results have shown that all three extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, and they generate a radical scavenger capacity, iron chelation potential, as well as lipoxygenase inhibition capacity. Chamomile and celery extracts present weak antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in the set experimental conditions, while parsley extract draws out significant pro-apoptotic potential against A375 human melanoma cells. Parsley and chamomile extracts affected the fibroblast-like morphology of the screened tumor cell line. On the other hand, chamomile and celery extracts abrogated the expansion of LPS-activated dendritic cells, while the metabolic activity was attenuated by stimulation with celery extract; chamomile and parsley extracts had no effect upon this parameter. Chamomile and parsley extracts incubation with naive dendritic cells did not trigger cytokine secretion (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10), but celery extract stimulation significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory, cytokine IL-10.
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Danciu, Corina, Oana Cioanca, Claudia Watz Farcaș, et al. "Botanical Therapeutics (Part II): Antimicrobial and In Vitro Anticancer Activity against MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells of Chamomile, Parsley and Celery Alcoholic Extracts." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 2 (2020): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666200807213734.
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Background: This study was designed as a continuation of a complex investigation about the phytochemical composition and biological activity of chamomile, parsley, and celery extracts against A375 human melanoma and dendritic cells. Objective: The main aim was the evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of selected extracts as well as the in vitro anticancer activity against MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Methods: In order to complete the picture regarding the phytochemical composition, molecular fingerprint was sketched out by the help of FTIR spectroscopy. The activity of two enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) after incubation with the three extracts was spectrophotometrically assessed. The antimicrobial potential was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The in vitro anticancer potential against MCF7 human breast cancer cells was appraised by MTT, LDH, wound healing, cell cycle, DAPI, Annexin-V-PI assays. Results: The results showed variations between the investigated extracts in terms of inhibitory activity against enzymes, such as acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase. Chamomile and parsley extracts were active only against tested Gram-positive cocci, while all tested extracts displayed antifungal effects. Among the screened samples at the highest tested concentration, namely 60μg/mL, parsley was the most active extract in terms of reducing the viability of MCF7 - human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and inducing the release of lactate dehydrogenase. On the other hand, chamomile and celery extracts manifested potent anti-migratory effects. Furthermore, celery extract was the most active in terms of total apoptotic events, while chamomile extract induced the highest necrosis rate. Conclusion: The screened samples containing phytochemicals belonging in majority to the class of flavonoids and polyphenols can represent candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Curing of mice skin infections using ethanol flower extract of chamomile." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.500-508.
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This experiment was conducted in order to estimate azulene and apigenin in chamomile flowers. Ethanol extracts were examined singly or in combination with some drugs in their biological activity against some pathogens causing skin infection. Ethanol extract was applied at a concentration of 40 mg/ml for the treatment of induced skin infection of mice. Among the topicals used, Claforan was found the most effective on microorganisms causing skin diseases; ethanol extract was more effective than the drug Candimazole solution 1%. HPLC was used for the determination of azulene and apigenin active compounds of chamomile plant.
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Presibella, Mayra Marinho, Larissa De Biaggi Villas-Bôas, Klézia Morais da Silva Belletti, Cid Aimbiré de Moraes Santos, and Almeriane Maria Weffort-Santos. "Comparison of chemical constituents of Chamomilla recutita (L.) rauschert essential oil and its anti-chemotactic activity." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 5 (2006): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000600005.
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Several essential oil samples from dried flower-heads of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, grown and commercially available around Curitiba metropolitan area, South of Brazil, were analyzed by GC-MS and the chemical constituents were compared with an Egyptian sample obtained under similar conditions and used as a control. The local grown herbs showed levels of essential oil below the standards recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Also, differences in their composition as well as in the quantity of several components were found such as the unexpected inversion of the relative constitution of the A and B alpha-bisabolol oxides. Of particular interest was the striking effect of the chamomile extracts upon human leukocyte chemotaxis, a biological anti-inflammatory activity not reported before, in which cell migration was in vitro inhibited at the same level as showed by dexamethasone.
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Cvetanović, Aleksandra, Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić, Pavle Mašković, Saša Savić, and Ljubiša Nikolić. "Antioxidant and biological activity of chamomile extracts obtained by different techniques: perspective of using superheated water for isolation of biologically active compounds." Industrial Crops and Products 65 (March 2015): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.044.
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Miguel, Felipe Galeti, Amanda Henriques Cavalheiro, Nathália Favaretto Spinola, et al. "Validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD Method for Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Preparations and Assessment of the Marker, Apigenin-7-glucoside, Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Effect." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/828437.
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Chamomile is a medicinal plant, which presents several biological effects, especially the anti-inflammatory effect. One of the compounds related to this effect is apigenin, a flavonoid that is mostly found in its glycosylated form, apigenin-7-glucoside (APG), in natural sources. However, the affectivity and safety of this glycoside have not been well explored for topical application. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC-DAD) method to quantify APG in chamomile preparations. Additionally, the safety and the anti-inflammatory potential of this flavonoid were verified. The RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated with linearity at 24.0–36.0 μg/mL range (r=0.9994). Intra- and interday precision (RSD) were 0.27–2.66% and accuracy was 98.27–101.21%. The validated method was applied in the analysis of chamomile flower heads, glycolic extract, and Kamillen cream, supporting the method application in the quality control of chamomile preparations. Furthermore, the APG safety was assessed by MTT cytotoxicity assay and mutagenic protocols and the anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by a diminished TNF-αproduction showed by mice macrophages treated with APG following LPS treatment.
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Volkov, V. A., M. V. Voronkov, V. M. Misin, E. S. Fedorova, I. A. Rodin, and A. N. Stavrianidi. "Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, standardization and kinetics of production of water-propylene glycol extracts of medicinal plants." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 8 (2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-8-12-22.
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Water-propylene glycol extracts of medicinal plants are widely used as active components in therapeutic and cosmetic products for external use. However, sparse data on the extracting efficiency of water-propylene glycol mixtures and chemical composition of water-propylene glycol extracts of plant raw materials are available in the scientific literature. Usually the manufacturer documentation also provides information about characteristics of the products that are not related to their biological activity. The results of HPLC/MS/MS study of Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers have shown that water-propylene glycol and water-ethanol extracts are similar in the composition of phenolic compounds: the dominant compounds of water-propylene glycol extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers are apigenin and its glycosides (apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-6-O-malonyl-D-glycoside, apigenin-7-acetylglycoside, acetyl-malonyl-apigenin-7-O-glycoside), as well as 5,4’-dioxy-3,6,7,3’-tetramethoxyflavone, cis- and trans-forms of 2-O-glucopyranoside 2-hydroxy-4-methoxycoric acid, 7-methoxycumarin. Spectral and analytical characteristics in the UV-visible range of the spectra of water-propylene glycol extracts of a number of medicinal plants most often used in the cosmetic industry were studied to reveal extracts with the highest protective properties against UV radiation in A and B areas (extracts of Salvia officinalis L. leaves, Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers, Achillea millefolium L. grass), free radicals (extracts of Camellia sinensis L. leaves, Hypericum perforatum L. herb), and the highest content of flavonoids (extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. herb, leaves of Salvia officinalis L.) were revealed. When extracting raw materials from the same batch, the optical density at a wavelength of 270 nm is associated with the content of flavonoids, antioxidants and dry matter by a functional relationship, which is very convenient for rapid control of extraction processes in order to obtain a product with reproducible characteristics. Formulas for calculating the content of antioxidants in extracts using the DPPH method in comparison with standard samples of rutin and gallic acid are derived. Interpretation of data on the antioxidant content in different extracts in comparison with other analytical parameters are also presented. Demonstrated high repeatability of the shape of the spectral curves of Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers extract, observed regardless of the source of raw materials can be used in combination with the individuality of the curve shape of the extracts of raw materials of different types as one of the authenticity criteria. The proposed UV-spectrometric method was used to study the dynamics of Matricaria chamomilla L. flower extraction under different process parameters (temperature, propylene glycol/water ratio in the extractant). It is shown that extraction of raw materials with 50% water-propylene glycol for 4 h at a temperature of 50°C is optimal.
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Tomczyk, Anna, and Magdalena Suszko. "The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch." Biological Letters 48, no. 2 (2011): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-011-0020-x.
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The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts fromSalvia officinalisL. andMatricaria chamomillaL. on two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticaeKochExtracts prepared from 2 medicinal herbs (common sageSalvia officinalisL. and German chamomileMatricaria chamomillaL.) were used in this study for biological control of spider mites. Their effect on mortality, fecundity, and development ofTetranychus urticaeKoch on English ivy (Hedera helixL.) was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The extracts were prepared by soaking freshSalvialeaves or dryMatricariaflowers in ethanol for 24 h, followed by evaporation, and finally suspension of the pellets in water. Full extracts and extracts without phenols were tested. TheSalviaextracts had a higher acaricidal activity thanMatricariaextracts, but the toxicity of both extracts to spider mite eggs was low. The toxic effect of fullSalviaextracts on larval stages and females ofT. urticaewas evident. More than 50% of larvae and females were killed by this treatment in 4 days. Besides, total fecundity of survived females was evidently lower. Mortality and low fecundity after fullSalviaextract application decreased the spider mite population by 76%. The toxicity ofSalviaextracts after removal of phenols strongly declined, so the negative effect of the fullSalviaextract on spider mites was connected with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. The toxic effect ofMatricariaextracts in all tests was much lower and no evident role of phenolic compounds in its extracts was observed.
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Mieriņa, Inese, Laura Jakaite, Sabine Kristone, Laura Adere, and Mara Jure. "Extracts of Peppermint, Chamomile and Lavender as Antioxidants." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.31.
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This paper is devoted to the studies of total polyphenol content and antiradical activity of peppermint, chamomile and lavender grown in local backyard gardens of Latvia. Different solvents (96, 70 and 40% ethanol) and extraction methods (maceration at room temperature at dark or under day-light irradiation, as well as reflux) were tested. All extracts were analyzed for total polyphenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), as well as for antiradical activity (DPPH and GO assays). It was found out that local peppermint and chamomile is as good source of polyphenols as those plants grown in southern countries; however, the total polyphenol content of lavender is lower than that mentioned in literature. The highest polyphenol content for all plant materials was achieved, when 70% ethanol was used for extraction. Peppermint extracts were found as most powerful free radical scavengers among all tested plant materials. 96% Ethanol extract of peppermint and chamomile demonstrated the highest antiradical activity, while 70% ethanol was the most suitable for preparation of lavender extract with optimal free radical scavenging activity.
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Mekinić, Ivana Generalić, Danijela Skroza, Ivica Ljubenkov, Luka Krstulović, Sonja Smole Možina, and Višnja Katalinić. "Phenolic Acids Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Chamomile, Common Yarrow and Immortelle (Asteraceae)." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 12 (2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901222.
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Chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle ethanolic extracts were chemically analysed with respect to phenolics. Twelve phenolic acids were separated and identified by HPLC-DAD and the presence of rosmarinic acid was additionally confirmed by LC-MS. Five methods were applied for the evaluation of extracts’ antioxidant properties (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, chelating activity, Briggs-Rauscher reaction), while the antibacterial activity was tested against some of the major food-borne pathogens ( Campylobacter coli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Infantis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus). Immortelle extract was the richest in phenolics with a dominant flavonoid fraction, while the other two extracts contained higher amount of non-flavonoids. The phenolic acid profile also varied; high concentration of rosmarinic acid was found in chamomile and common yarrow, while caffeic acid was dominant in immortelle. The best antioxidant properties were obtained for chamomile extract, while good antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacterial species, was detected for immortelle. The obtained results could be used as a tool for chemotaxonomic classification of the investigated plants or for their potential application as natural antioxidants/antimicrobials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological activity of chamomile extracts"
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Aleksandra, Cvetanović. "Оптимизација савремених екстракционих поступака за изоловање апигенина из цвета камилице (Chamomilla recutita L.) и карактеризација биолошке активности добијених екстраката". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101724&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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У оквиру ове докторске дисертације изведено јеиспитивање различитих екстракционих поступака заизоловање апигенина из цвета камилице, као и евалуацијабиолошке активности добијених екстраката. Полазнибиљни материјал сачињавале су две групе латицакамилице: ферментисане и неферментисане (нативне).Екстракција ферментисаних цветова је извођена применомултразвучне екстракције користећи етанол као екстрагенс,а добијени екстракти су се одликовали изузетно високимсадржајем апигенина. Оптимизација екстракције је билаизведена применом методе одзивне површине. Применомелектрон-спин резонанце испитана је антирадикалскаактивност екстраката. Додатно, фармаколошка вредностдобијених екстраката је потврђена и одређивањем њиховогантимикробног и антипролиферативног потенцијала.Нативни цветови камилице су екстраховани применомразличитих екстаркционих техника: микроталасне,ултразвучне, Soxhlet екстракције као и екстракцијесубкритичном водом. Eкстрaкција водом у субкритичномстању се показала супериорнијом у односу на све осталетехнике у погледу садржаја укупних фенола и флавоноида.У циљу добијања екстраката са максималним садржајемапигенина изведена је оптимизација овог екстракционогпроцеса. Изоловање чистог апигенина је изведено изекстракта добијеног под оптималним екстракцијомусловима (однос дрога:растварач 1:30, брзина мешања 3 Hz,притисак 45 bar, температура 115ºC, време 30 мин,концентрација модификатора 0,001 М) применом поступкаколонске хроматографије на стубу полиамида. Хемијскипрофил као и садржај појединачних полифенолнихкомпонената у екстрактима добијеним на различитимпритисцима, температурама и уз присуство модификатораразличитих концентрација одређен је применом UHPLCDAD-HESI-MS/MS. У свим анализираним екстрактимадетектован је велики број полифенолних компонената, докје апигенин у свима био доминантно једињење. Садржајапигенина у екстракту добијеном под оптималнимекстракционим условима је износио 1.700,34 mg/kg.Применом седам различитих тестова извршена јеевалуација антиоксидативног и антирадикалскогпотенцијала екстраката. Антимикробни потенцијалекстраката је одређен за осам различитих микробнихлинија. in vitro тестовима испитана је способностинхибиције α-амилазе, α-глукозидазе и тирозиназе.Деловањем на раст три хистолошки различите ћелијскелиније, испитана је антипролиферативна активностекстраката добијених субкритичном водом.Антимотилитетна активност обе групе екстраката(ферментисаних и неферментисаних цветова) одређена је уin vitro условима.<br>U okviru ove doktorske disertacije izvedeno jeispitivanje različitih ekstrakcionih postupaka zaizolovanje apigenina iz cveta kamilice, kao i evaluacijabiološke aktivnosti dobijenih ekstrakata. Polaznibiljni materijal sačinjavale su dve grupe laticakamilice: fermentisane i nefermentisane (nativne).Ekstrakcija fermentisanih cvetova je izvođena primenomultrazvučne ekstrakcije koristeći etanol kao ekstragens,a dobijeni ekstrakti su se odlikovali izuzetno visokimsadržajem apigenina. Optimizacija ekstrakcije je bilaizvedena primenom metode odzivne površine. Primenomelektron-spin rezonance ispitana je antiradikalskaaktivnost ekstrakata. Dodatno, farmakološka vrednostdobijenih ekstrakata je potvrđena i određivanjem njihovogantimikrobnog i antiproliferativnog potencijala.Nativni cvetovi kamilice su ekstrahovani primenomrazličitih ekstarkcionih tehnika: mikrotalasne,ultrazvučne, Soxhlet ekstrakcije kao i ekstrakcijesubkritičnom vodom. Ekstrakcija vodom u subkritičnomstanju se pokazala superiornijom u odnosu na sve ostaletehnike u pogledu sadržaja ukupnih fenola i flavonoida.U cilju dobijanja ekstrakata sa maksimalnim sadržajemapigenina izvedena je optimizacija ovog ekstrakcionogprocesa. Izolovanje čistog apigenina je izvedeno izekstrakta dobijenog pod optimalnim ekstrakcijomuslovima (odnos droga:rastvarač 1:30, brzina mešanja 3 Hz,pritisak 45 bar, temperatura 115ºC, vreme 30 min,koncentracija modifikatora 0,001 M) primenom postupkakolonske hromatografije na stubu poliamida. Hemijskiprofil kao i sadržaj pojedinačnih polifenolnihkomponenata u ekstraktima dobijenim na različitimpritiscima, temperaturama i uz prisustvo modifikatorarazličitih koncentracija određen je primenom UHPLCDAD-HESI-MS/MS. U svim analiziranim ekstraktimadetektovan je veliki broj polifenolnih komponenata, dokje apigenin u svima bio dominantno jedinjenje. Sadržajapigenina u ekstraktu dobijenom pod optimalnimekstrakcionim uslovima je iznosio 1.700,34 mg/kg.Primenom sedam različitih testova izvršena jeevaluacija antioksidativnog i antiradikalskogpotencijala ekstrakata. Antimikrobni potencijalekstrakata je određen za osam različitih mikrobnihlinija. in vitro testovima ispitana je sposobnostinhibicije α-amilaze, α-glukozidaze i tirozinaze.Delovanjem na rast tri histološki različite ćelijskelinije, ispitana je antiproliferativna aktivnostekstrakata dobijenih subkritičnom vodom.Antimotilitetna aktivnost obe grupe ekstrakata(fermentisanih i nefermentisanih cvetova) određena je uin vitro uslovima.<br>In the frame of this thesis different extraction approaches forapigenin isolation from chamomile ligulate flowers wereexamined and biological activity of obtained extracts wasevaluated. Starting plant samples included fermented andnonfermented (native) flowers.Extraction of fermented flowers was performed by usingultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol. The concentrationof apigenin was high in obtained extracts. Optimization of theextraction procedures was performed by response surfacemethodology. Antiradical activity of observed extracts wasexamined by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy.Furthermore, pharmacological potential of obtained extractswas confirmed by determining their antimicrobial andantiproliferative activity.Native chamomile flowers were extracted by differentextraction techniques: microwave, ultrasound, Soxhlet andsubcritical water extraction. Subcritical water extractionshowed to be superior in comparison to other applied techniquesin respect to total phenols and flavonoids content. Optimizationof the subcritical water extraction was directed to maximizationof apigenin content. Isolation of pure apigenin from extractsobtained under optimal extraction conditions (sample-tosolventratio 1:30, agitation rate 3 Hz, temperature 115ºC,pressure 45 bar, extraction time 30 min) was performed bypreparative chromatography. Chemical profiles and content ofindividual polyphenolic components in extracts obtained atdifferent pressures, temperatures, and with differentconcentrations of a modifier was determined by UHPLC-DADHESI-MS/MS. In all analyzed extracts the great number ofpolyphenolic components was detected while apigenin was thedominant compound in all extracts. Content of apigenin in theextract obtained under optimal extraction condition was1,700.34 mg/kg. Antioxidant and antiradical potential ofextracts was evaluated according to different mechanisms.Antimicrobial potential of extracts was determined against eightdifferent microbial strains. Ability of extracts to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was determined by invitro assays. Antiproliferative activity of subcritical waterextracts was defined by testing their influence on the growth ofthree histologically different cell lines.Anti-intestinal motility activity of both group of extracts (nativeand fermented) was determined by in vivo experiments.
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Richfield, David. "An investigation into the biological activity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extracts /." Thesis, Link to the Internet, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/896.
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Rauha, Jussi-Pekka. "The search for biological activity in Finnish plant extracts containing phenolic compounds." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/farma/vk/rauha/.
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Coelho, Maria Teresa Pita Pegado Gonçalves Rodrigues. "Estudos de propagação in vitro, caracterização e valorização de carqueja (Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9271.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>The aim of this work was to develop methodologies for micropropagation and extraction of
bioactive compounds from both wild gorse (Pterospartum tridentatum L.) and
micropropagated gorse explants, as a means of valorisation of this species.
Micropropagation was very effective on large scale propagation, having multiplication rates
ranging from 1.6 to 43.9; number of shoots ranging from 1.5 to 10.4 and rooting above
96.7%.
The extraction yield of aqueous extraction varied from 10.5 to 19.4 and 12.2 to 30.1% (w/w)
for wild gorse and micropropagated gorse explants, respectively. Aqueous extracts showed
high levels of total phenols, from 203.4 to 369.2 and 104.1 to 121.3 mg gallic acid eq g-1 ms,
and FRAP antioxidant activity: 256-856 and 160-260 mmolFe2+ 100g-1 ms; DPPH: 1433-1551
and 1503-1509 mM Trolox 100g-1 ms for wild gorse and micropropagated gorse explants,
respectively.
Extracts showed no antifungal activity. However, these extracts showed inhibition of Bacillus
subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan bioactive coatings
with gorse extracts improved cherry postharvest preservation ability. The results allow
topropose these methodologies to obtain extracts with bioactive properties from
micropropagated material, without depleting natural resources
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Takaidza, Samkeliso. "Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/434.
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PhD (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal Universtiy of Technology<br>The genus Tulbaghia has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, earache, tuberculosis and esophageal cancer. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its use. Therefore the objectives of this study were to perform phytochemical analysis, investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activities and toxicity of crude acetone and water extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.
Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic content of the plant extracts was determined using the folin ciocalteu method whereas the total flavonoids were determined by using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion, microtiter dilution and time kill assays.
For anticancer studies, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was evaluated using the MTT assay on Hkesc-1 and KB cells. Morphological changes of the cancer cells treated with extracts were examined using light microscopy. Induction of apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to examine the multicaspase activity and cell cycle arrest. For immunomodulatory activity, the Greiss reagent and Luminex cytokine assays were used to determine the effect of the extracts on NO production and the concentration of the cytokines in the treated cells, respectively.
Toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was examined by investigating the effect of the extracts on the metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity on the treated RAW264.7 cells using the MTT and LDH assays, respectively. The zebrafish assay was used to evaluate the embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of crude acetone and water extracts of T. violacea at 24 h intervals for 96 h post fertilisation (hpf). The percentage mortality, hatchability and heart rate were examined.
Phytochemical screening of eight Tulbaghia species demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and steroids. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid content varied in different plant extracts ranging from 4.50 to 11.10 milligrams gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 milligrams quercetin equivalent per gram (mg QE/g) of fresh material respectively. The IC50 values based on DPPH and ABTS for T. alliacea (0.06 and 0.06 mg/mL) and T. violacea (0.08 and 0.03 mg/mL) were generally lower showing potential antioxidant activities. For antimicrobial activity, the acetone extracts of T. acutiloba, T. alliacea, T. leucantha, T. ludwigiana, T. natalensis and T. simmleri showed moderate antimicrobial activity against all test organisms while the water extracts showed moderate to no activity. One species, T. cernua, showed poor activity against all the tested microbes. The acetone and water extracts of T. violacea showed the greatest antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 3.13 mg/mL. The acetone extracts of T. violacea also exhibited both bacteriostatic/fungistatic and bactericidal/fungicidal activity depending on the incubation time and concentration of the extract. The bactericidal/fungicidal activity was observed at x2 MIC.
The results for anticancer activity showed that treatment of Hkesc-1 cells with acetone and water crude extracts had anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 0.4 mg/mL and 1.625 mg/mL, respectively while KB had 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. Morphological changes such as blebbing, cell shrinkage and rounding were observed in the treated cells suggesting that apoptosis was taking place. AOEB staining showed that the level of apoptosis was dependent on the concentration of the extracts. The activation of multicaspase activity in both Hkesc-1 and KB treated cells was also concentration dependent leading to cell death by apoptosis and the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Immunomodulatory activity results indicated that cell viability was above 80% when concentrations of 50 µg/mL or less of both acetone and water crude was used. Treatment with the acetone extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the LPS induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells except at 50 µg/mL where significant inhibition was observed. The water extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on NO production at all the concentrations. Treatment of LPS–induced RAW264.7 cells with acetone extract stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on IL-1β. On the other hand, treatment with the water extracts stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on TNF-α and IL-1β. Treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the acetone extract had very little stimulatory effect on IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and no significant effect on IL-10 whereas for the water extract a significant stimulatory effect was only observed for IL-4 after 48 h of treatment. High concentrations (>10000 pg/mL) of MCP-1, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, MIP-2, GCSF, GM-CSF, RANTES and IP-10 were also observed in acetone and water extract treated RAW264.7 cells.
For toxicity studies, acetone and aqueous crude leaf extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri, and T. violacea had a significant inhibitory (p<0.05) effect on the RAW264.7 cells after 48h treatment. Acetone extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea resulted in IC50 values of 0.48 mg/mL, 0.72 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Treatment with water extracts showed minimal toxic effect indicated by higher IC50 values of 0.95 mg/mL, 2.49 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL for T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea, respectively. The LDH release by macrophages after 24 h treatment with acetone extracts was observed to be concentration dependent while treatment with water extracts did not induce LDH release. The zebra fish assay showed a lethal dose (LD50) for the T. violacea acetone crude extract of 20 μg/mL whereas that for water extract was 85 μg/mL. The observed teratogenic effects included scoliosis, edema of the pericardial cavity, retarded yolk resorption, hook-like/bent tail and shorter body length.
In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the extracts from the eight Tulbaghia species examined contain phytochemicals that may have the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Extracts from T. violacea were observed to be the most potent. This study thus supports the use of T. violacea in treating bacterial and fungal infections in traditional medicine. The results of this study also confirm the anticancer potential of T. violacea. The immunomodulatory activity of the acetone and water extracts from T. violacea indicated a dominantly pro-inflammatory activity. Traditional medicine prepared form T. violacea may be of benefit to individuals with weak immune systems. The toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was observed to be concentration, extract and time dependent. Therefore, traditional medicine prepared from Tulbaghia extracts should be taken with caution preferably in small doses over a short period of time. Future studies will focus on the identification of the bioactive compound(s) responsible for the antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.
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Kamatou, GPP, Zyl RL Van, Vuuren SF Van, et al. "Seasonal variation in essential oil composition, oil toxicity and the biological activity of solvent extracts of three South African Salvia species." Elsevier, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000526.
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Aromatic plants contain both volatile and non-volatile fractions and the chemical composition of these two fractions may be influenced by seasonal
changes. The essential oil and solvent extracts of S. africana-caerulea, S. africana-lutea and S. lanceolata, collected at the same locality throughout the 2005 growing season, were compared in terms of essential oil composition, yields and biological activities. Mostly quantitative, rather than qualitative variationwas observed in the oil composition of each species.Major fluctuations in the composition of S. africana-caerulea oil included limonene (2–33%) and viridiflorol (2–24%). Levels of α-pinene (1–12%), myrcene (2–12%) and α-eusdesmol (trace-13%) fluctuated seasonally in the S. africana-lutea oil.
In S. lanceolata, considerable changeswere noted for β-caryophyllene (1–19%), β-caryophyllene oxide (1–21%) and ledol (3–12%). The extract prepared
from S. lanceolata harvested inwinterwas more active against Gram-positive bacteria. The S. africana-caerulea extract exhibited the most favourable antiplasmodial activity when harvested in winter (IC50 value: 12 μgml−1), which contrasts with the lowest anti-plasmodial activity of S. lanceolata obtained at
the same period (IC50 value: 43 μgml−1). The anti-oxidant activity of the solvent extracts also displayed variation over seasons with thewinter collection of
S. africana-lutea yielding the most favourable anti-oxidant activity (IC50 value: 10 μg ml−1). All the solvent extracts prepared from the winter collection exhibited the lowest toxicity (20bIC50 valuesb60 μg ml−1), while the three essential oils obtained from autumn collection were more toxic (0.03bIC50 valuesb0.4 μg ml−1).
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Côté, Cynthia S. "Screening of selected molecules for their effect on the secondary structure of amyloid beta. Composition and biological activity of traditional and commercial kava extracts." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111922.
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The aim of the first project was to evaluate the ability of selected molecules to affect the secondary structure of Abeta(1-42). Such activity is desirable as it may provide new tools to study the role of the Abeta(1-42) conformers in Alzheimer disease. Although this study did not identify molecules able to modulate the conformation of Abeta (1-42), the reported studies have set the fundamental techniques for this project.<br>The goal of the second project was to compare the kavalactone content and the inhibition of human P450 enzymes for commercial and traditional kava extracts. We report that amounts and ratios of kavalactones are similar for solvents that mimic commercial extracts but different from aqueous extract (traditional extract). All extracts tested show similar inhibition of the P450 enzymes suggesting that kava extracts, commercial or traditional, may lead to herb-drug interactions. These results also suggest that because of their higher concentration of kavalactones, commercial kava extracts are more likely to cause adverse drug reactions via inhibition of drug metabolism.
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Mokgotho, Matlou P. "Isolation and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds from Commelina benghalensis Linn: Biological activity analysis of extracts against Wil-2 NS lymphoma cancer cell lines and selected pathogenic microorganisms." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/941.
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Mohutsky, Michael A. "Anti-salmonella adhesion activity of Saccharomyces boulardii ; Effects of of Ginkgo biloba on activities of Cytochromes P-450 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8177.
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Luz, Érica de Oliveira Veras da. "Socratea exorrhiza : potencial bioativo e teores de fenóis e flavonoides." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=279.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendland é conhecida popularmente como paxiuba. Esta Arecaceae ocorre naturalmente na região amazônica. É muito utilizada por caboclos e índios de Roraima, porém pouco estudada quanto ao perfil químico e biológico. Neste trabalho investigou-se o potencial bioativo dos extratos da parte externa e interna da raiz e do broto da raiz de S. exorrhiza, mediante testes de atividade citotóxica (Artemia salina Laech), antioxidante (DPPH) e antimicrobiana contra as bactérias (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002) e a levedura Candida albicans ATCC18804. Dos extratos mais ativos determinaram-se os teores de fenólicos e flavonóides por espectrofotometria. O processo de extração foi a quente em sistema de Soxhlet, usando solventes orgânicos de polaridades crescentes (hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e metanol). Os resultados mostraram que os extratos acetato de etila da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz destacaram se nos testes de atividade citotóxica e antioxidante, sendo o do broto da raiz (DL50 473 e IC50 24,03 μg/mL) o mais ativo para os dois testes. A ação positiva desses extratos nas atividades biológicas pode estar relacionada à presença de flavonoides evidenciada pelo elevado teor encontrado (76,8% e 64,66%, respectivamente). Os extratos metanólicos da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz apresentaram alto poder inibitório frente à levedura C. albicans (halos de18 e 25 mm) respectivamente. Todos os extratos do broto da raiz apresentaram ação inibitória moderada contra o crescimento das bactérias Gram-negativas E. coli e P. mirabilis com halos que variaram entre 10 e 17 mm, sendo que o extrato metanólico do broto da raiz obteve alto poder inibitório no crescimento de P. mirabilis (halo 22 mm). A ação positiva dos extratos da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz contra bactérias Gram-negativas corrobora com o conhecimento tradicional, que preconiza a utilização das raízes de S. exorrhiza na medicina popular para o tratamento de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, o que torna ainda maior o valor dos resultados obtidos. Outro dado importante obtido com trabalho é o novo registro de ocorrência de S. exorrhiza para o estado de Roraima. Os resultados aqui apresentados são inéditos e importantes na ampliação do conhecimento sobre esta palmeira, estimulando a continuidade de estudos mais aprofundados.<br>Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendland is popularly known as paxiuba. This Arecaceae occurs naturally in the rain forest. It is widely used by the locals and the native Indians of Roraima, however it is not as studied as in regards to its biological and chemical profile. In this work, it was investigated that the extracts of the bioactive potential of the outer and inner parts of the root and of the sprout from the root of S. exorrhiza, by cytotoxic activity tests (Artemia salina Laech), antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002) and with Candida albicans yeast ATCC18804. Among the most active extracts were determined the levels of phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometry method. The extraction process was heat by the Soxhlet method, using organic solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic). extracts of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root stood out on the cytotoxic activity and the antioxidant tests, being the sprout from the root (DL50 473 and IC50 24,03 μg/mL) the most active of the two tests. The positive Action of these two extracts on the biological activities can be related to the presence of flavonoids evidenced by the high content found on the of the outer part of the root extracts 76,8% and sprout from the root 64,66%. The methanolic extracts of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root demonstrated high inhibitory power before the C. albicans yeast (halos of 18 and 25 mm) respectively. All the sprouts from the root extracts presented moderate inhibitory action against the growth of the Gram-negative E. coli and P. mirabilis bacteria with halos that varied between 10 and 17mm, and the methanolic extracts sprout from the root obtained high inhibitory power on the growth of P. mirabilis (halo 22 mm). The extracts‟ positive action of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root against Gram-negative bacteria collaborates with the traditional knowledge that advocates the use of the S. exorrhiza roots in popular medicine for the sexually transmitted diseases (STD), which makes even higher the values of the results with these extracts. Another important finding in this work is the new record of occurrence of S. exorrhiza for the state of Roraima.The data herein presented is new and important in advancing knowledge about this palm tree, stimulating the continuity of deeper studies.
Books on the topic "Biological activity of chamomile extracts"
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Polya, Gideon Maxwell. Biochemical targets of plant bioactive compounds: A pharmacological reference guide to sites of action and biological effects. Taylor & Francis, 2003.
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Owen, Jason P. Fruit and Pomace Extracts: Biological Activity, Potential Applications and Beneficial Health Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
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The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
Full textAbstract:
The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
Book chapters on the topic "Biological activity of chamomile extracts"
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Serrano, R., F. Carrapiço, and R. Vidal. "Haemagglutination Activity by Extracts of Symbiotic Bacteria Present in the System Azolla-Anabaena." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_79.
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Gnaneswari, K., M. Vani, and B. Lakshmi Thanuja. "Phytochemical Studies and In Vitro Biological Activity of Citrus and Pomegranate Peel Extracts." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1941-0_21.
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"Screening for Biological Activity in Fungal Extracts." In Handbook of Industrial Mycology. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203970553-14.
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Schulman, Marvin, and Christine Mccallum. "Screening for Biological Activity in Fungal Extracts." In Handbook of Industrial Mycology. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203970553.ch10.
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Elisovetcaia, Dina Stepan. "Biological Activity of Extracts from Some Species of Coniferous Plants." In Agrobiodiversity for Improving of Nutrition, Health and Life Quality 2019. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2019.2585-8246.066-080.
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de los Angeles Rodriguez Salazar, Marielba, Glides Rafael Olivo Urbina, Priscila do Nascimento Bezerra, et al. "Antioxidant and Biological Activity of Cissus sicyoides and Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts." In Antioxidants. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83733.
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Roleira, Fernanda M. F., Carla L. Varela, Saul C. Costa, and Elisiário J. Tavares-da-Silva. "Phenolic Derivatives From Medicinal Herbs and Plant Extracts: Anticancer Effects and Synthetic Approaches to Modulate Biological Activity." In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00004-1.
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Florin Danet, Andrei. "Recent Advances in Antioxidant Capacity Assays." In Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96654.
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This work presents a survey of the important antioxidant capacity/activity assays applied for a diversity of samples including plant extracts, foods, biological material, etc. The published materials are critically discussed, emphasizing the recent findings in the field. New and emergent antioxidant capacity assays, such as nanoparticles-based assay, are also presented. The discussion includes chemical-based methods as well as biochemical and cellular assays. Chemical methods detailed are radical/ROS-based scavenging assays (the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC/ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, chemiluminescence methods, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), total oxy radical scavenging capacity (TOSC), and β-carotene bleaching assays), non-radical redox potential-based assays (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), nanoparticle-based methods and electrochemical methods), metal chelation capacity and total phenolic content tests. The biochemical-based assays and in vivo assays discussed include the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. While a direct link between the antioxidant capacity and health benefits is still a matter of debate, the antioxidant testing methodologies presented in this chapter remain valuable for the high efficiency and cost-effective evaluation of antioxidants, from compound discovery to quality control.
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Abdulwahab Alfahad, Maadh. "The Activity of New Bio-Agent to Control Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)." In Studies on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96587.
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CMV virus is worldwide, especially in temperate regions, where it can infect more than 800 plant species belonging to about 40 families. Although the main factor that the plant takes in order not to be infected is because it has preventive means that inhibit the direction of pathogens so that the infection occurs under conditions that suit it and suit its success. Cucumber Mosaic Virus belongs to the group of plant viruses to the genus Cucumovirus, as the virus particles are symmetrically spherical, not enveloped, with a diameter of 29 nm, and the virus has several strains that differ among themselves in terms of factors, symptoms of infection and methods of transmission. The stimulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) leads to the interest of many researchers. Many types of research and studies have been conducted in the field of biochemical changes in the form of modulating the host’s cell wall. The production of phytoalexin. And the manufacture of pathogen-related proteins (Pathogenesis Related Protein). It has been indicated that treatment with various factors, for example (non-pathogenic organisms, weak pathogens, chemical and industrial compounds, plant extracts, nutritional supplements) has the ability to activate plant defense mechanisms and induce systemic resistance against pathogens. In the field of biological control, bacterial types have been used on many pathogens, including fluorescens Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtillus, as they have proven effective in controlling many different fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as viral, and the reason is due to the ability of the bacteria to produce many growth regulators and thus stimulate resistance The systemic plant and the production of phytotoxins are in addition to being one of the most important growth stimuli. New methods have been used to resist viruses by using natural nutritional supplements with effective effect, because plants have defensive means, and for this reason, the use of these supplements can be stimulated in addition to the preventive aspect, a decrease in infection parameters, and an increase in growth indicators and outcome. Several methods have been relied upon to diagnose viruses, the first being the symptoms of reagents, and they are of basic methods. After that, serological tests were adopted, which are highly specialized and accurate in diagnosing viruses, and electron microscopy was used as a method to detect the size and shape of viruses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology is a fast and accurate way to detect plant viruses compared to other tests, such as the ELISA test and plant reagents.
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Enzyme Inhibition." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0009.
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One aspect of the importance of enzymes in biology can be appreciated by considering the attention that continues to be focused on the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Historically, inhibitors played important roles in the elucidation of metabolic pathways. An example was the use of malonate as a metabolic inhibitor, leading to the accumulation of succinate in metabolizing cell extracts. Malonate proved to be an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, and its effect on metabolism revealed the importance of succinate as a metabolic intermediate and of succinate dehydrogenase in metabolism. In this way, malonate as an inhibitor played an important role in the elucidation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Countless competitive inhibitors have been applied in various ways to the characterization of active sites. Clues to the binding properties and specificities of active sites can be deduced by systematically varying the structures of competitive inhibitors and comparing the inhibition constants. In another application, competitive inhibitors are often used to shield active sites against the effects of group selective chemical modification. Because biological processes are catalyzed by enzymes, inhibitors can be used to manage biochemical dynamics to the advantage of humans. Examples include pharmaceutical agents and agricultural insecticides and herbicides, which are often inhibitors of specific enzymes. Many targets for ethical drugs are enzymes. For these reasons, the development of enzyme inhibitors is an important objective in pharmaceutical and agricultural research and development. We explained the simplest kinetic properties of reversible inhibitors in chapter 2, and in chapter 1, we discussed the use of competitive reversible inhibitors and affinity-labeling agents for characterizing active sites. The importance of inhibitors in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries has led to the discovery and invention of compounds that inhibit enzymes by special mechanisms and with very high binding affinities. These inhibitors often displayed special kinetic properties, which led to the development of kinetic paradigms, including slow-binding inhibition and tight-binding inhibition. In chapter 1, we introduced the theoretical significance of transition-state analogs as potent inhibitors of enzymes, and this theory has led to practical applications in the design of inhibitors. In this chapter, we consider some of the special applications of inhibitors in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.
Conference papers on the topic "Biological activity of chamomile extracts"
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"Antioxidant Activity in Some Citrus Leaves and Seeds Ethanolic Extracts." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0715026.
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"Testing the Insecticidal, Antifeedancy and Fungicidal Activity of Plant Extracts." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0715101.
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Félix, L., T. Coutinho, A. Barejão, M. Taghouti, and AM Silva. "Biological activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts obtained from Santolina rosmarinifolia L." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608476.
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Iancu, Irina Mihaela, Laura Adriana Bucur, Verginica Schröder, and Manuela Rossemary Apetroaei. "TESTING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LYTHRI HERBA EXTRACT FOR APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/26.
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"Nowadays we are witnessing an increased interest in phytotherapy and implicitly for herbal products that have lower side effects. One medicinal plant whose popularity has decreased significantly in recent years is Lythrum salicaria L., loosestrife, known in Romanian traditional medicine for its beneficial effects against gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activity of three different extracts (aqueous, alcoholic, acetonic) from the flower tips of Lythrum salicaria L. using the BSLA (Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay) test and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts on two reference bacterial strains which are important for the medical field (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) through the diffusimetric method. We demonstrated the fact that the Lythri herba plant product extracts (aqueous, alcoholic, and acetonic) lack acute toxicity, as well as the moderate antibacterial effect on the Gram-positive reference strain, Staphylococcus aureus, thus highlighting the possibility of using the plant in biomedical applications."
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Chung, Byung Yeoup, Seung Sik Lee, Eun Mi Lee, Hyoung-Woo Bai, Sung Hyun Hong, and Chul-Hong Park. "Removing Undesirable Color and Boosting Biological Activity in Red Beet Extracts Using Gamma Irradiation." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.336.
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Furs, O. V., N. S. Zakharchenko, O. V. Dyachenko, Ya I. Buryanov, and T. V. Shchevchuk. "Physiological properties of extracts from plants subjected to cold stress." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.077.
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Salimova, D. R., and A. O. Berestetskiy. "Secondary metabolite profiles and biological activity of extracts from various isolates fungi Alternaria sonchi depending on the composition of the liquid nutrient medium." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.214.
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Phytopathogenic fungus A. sonchi is able to produce metabolites with insecticidal properties. The composition of the culture media affected the metabolite profiles of the extracts. The results of the assessment of biological activity allowed to divide the working isolates with phytotoxic and insecticidal activity.
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Hosseini, Hoda Ali, Samir Jaoua, and Imen Saadaoui. "Assessment of anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial Activity of a Desert Microalgal Strain Desmodesmus sp." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0036.
Full textAbstract:
Microalgae are believed to be a promising source of different high value products (HVP). HVP are metabolites which are produced during the growth of microalgae and their production is triggered by the physiochemical growth conditions of the microalgae. The present project is aimed at exploring the presence of bioactive compounds in desert microalgae Desmodesmus sp. and to assess its ability to support and improve health care in Qatar. The isolate was cultivated under conventional conditions as a control, and under 3 different stress conditions to enhance the production of high value products. Then crude algal extracts were used to assess the biological activity. Results of the study suggest that Desmodesmus sp. produces high value products that exhibit great anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial activity when cultivated under conventional conditions and under continuous light stress.