Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biological disturbance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biological disturbance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Tooker, John F., Matthew E. O'Neal, and Cesar Rodriguez-Saona. "Balancing Disturbance and Conservation in Agroecosystems to Improve Biological Control." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025143.

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Disturbances associated with agricultural intensification reduce our ability to achieve sustainable crop production. These disturbances stem from crop-management tactics and can leave crop fields more vulnerable to insect outbreaks, in part because natural-enemy communities often tend to be more susceptible to disturbance than herbivorous pests. Recent research has explored practices that conserve natural-enemy communities and reduce pest outbreaks, revealing that different components of agroecosystems can influence natural-enemy populations. In this review, we consider a range of disturbances that influence pest control provided by natural enemies and how conservation practices can mitigate or counteract disturbance. We use four case studies to illustrate how conservation and disturbance mitigation increase the potential for biological control and provide co-benefits for the broader agroecosystem. To facilitate the adoption of conservation practices that improve top-down control across significant areas of the landscape, these practices will need to provide multifunctional benefits, but should be implemented with natural enemies explicitly in mind.
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Lozon, J. D., and H. J. MacIsaac. "Biological invasions: are they dependent on disturbance?" Environmental Reviews 5, no. 2 (June 2, 1997): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a97-007.

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We utilize literature surveys to examine the relationship between establishment of exotic species and human or natural disturbances of ecosystems. Of the 133 papers published in 10 ecological journals between 1993 and 1995, 63 reported on field studies involving 299 and 103 successful, nonredundant plant and animal introductions, respectively. Invasions of terrestrial ecosystems dominated (>>97%) the surveyed literature. Disturbance was associated with establishment of exotic species in 56% of these studies, though its importance differed among papers describing plants (68%) and animals (28%). Plants species (86%) were significantly more dependent on disturbance for establishment than were animals (12%). However, animals and plants that were dependent on disturbance for establishment were almost equally dependent (58 versus 68%) on it for range expansion. In a second survey, 402 plant and 103 animal taxa were identified that explicitly linked establishment of exotic species to disturbance. Human activities were attributed with establishment of species in 97 and 57% of these cases, respectively. Common mechanisms associated with establishment of exotic animals included ballast water discharge, intentional releases, and residential development. Establishment of exotic plants was associated with animal activities (e.g., grazing, seed introduction), soil disturbance, forestry, fire, agriculture, and human activities. In contrast to invasions theory, our survey indicates that the association between establishment and spread of exotic species and disturbance ought not be assumed a priori. Some animals repeatedly invade new habitats once geographic barriers are circumvented, indicating that communities may be more receptive to exotic species than previously acknowledged. By contrast, introduced plants established most often in disturbed habitats.
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Burton, Philip J., Anke Jentsch, and Lawrence R. Walker. "The Ecology of Disturbance Interactions." BioScience 70, no. 10 (September 16, 2020): 854–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa088.

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Abstract Global change has been accompanied by recent increases in the frequency and intensity of various ecological disturbances (e.g., fires, floods, cyclones), both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Because these disturbances often interact, their cumulative and synergistic effects can result in unforeseen consequences, such as insect outbreaks, crop failure, and progressive ecosystem degradation. We consider the roles of biological legacies, thresholds, and lag effects responsible for the distinctive impacts of interacting disturbances. We propose a hierarchical classification that distinguishes the patterns and implications associated with random co-occurrences, individual links, and multiple links among disturbances that cascade in chains or networks. Disturbance-promoting interactions apparently prevail over disturbance-inhibiting ones. Complex and exogenous disturbance cascades are less predictable than simple and endogenous links because of their dependency on adjacent or synchronous events. These distinctions help define regional disturbance regimes and can have implications for natural selection, risk assessment, and options for management intervention.
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Dornelas, Maria. "Disturbance and change in biodiversity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0295.

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Understanding how disturbance affects biodiversity is important for both fundamental and applied reasons. Here, I investigate how disturbances with different ecological effects change biodiversity metrics. I define three main types of disturbance effects: D disturbance (shifts in mortality rate), B disturbance (shifts in reproductive rates) and K disturbance (shifts in carrying capacity). Numerous composite disturbances can be defined including any combination of these three types of ecological effects. The consequences of D , B and K disturbances, as well as of composite DBK disturbances are examined by comparing metrics before and after a disturbance, in disturbed and undisturbed communities. I use simulations of neutral communities and examine species richness, total abundance and species abundance distributions. The patterns of change in biodiversity metrics are consistent among different types of disturbance. K disturbance has the most severe effects, followed by D disturbance, and B disturbance has nearly negligible effects. Consequences of composite DBK disturbances are more complex than any of the three types of disturbance, with unimodal relationships along a disturbance gradient arising when D, B and K are negatively correlated. Importantly, regardless of disturbance type, community isolation enhances the negative consequences and hinders the positive effects of disturbances.
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Bell, JJ. "Sponges as agents of biological disturbance." Marine Ecology Progress Series 368 (September 25, 2008): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07637.

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De Grandpré, Louis, Kaysandra Waldron, Mathieu Bouchard, Sylvie Gauthier, Marilou Beaudet, Jean-Claude Ruel, Christian Hébert, and Daniel Kneeshaw. "Incorporating Insect and Wind Disturbances in a Natural Disturbance-Based Management Framework for the Boreal Forest." Forests 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080471.

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Natural disturbances are fundamental to forest ecosystem dynamics and have been used for two decades to improve forest management, notably in the boreal forest. Initially based on fire regimes, there is now a need to extend the concept to include other types of disturbances as they can greatly contribute to forest dynamics in some regions of the boreal zone. Here we review the main descriptors—that is, the severity, specificity, spatial and temporal descriptors and legacies, of windthrow and spruce bud worm outbreak disturbance regimes in boreal forests—in order to facilitate incorporating them into a natural disturbance-based forest management framework. We also describe the biological legacies that are generated by these disturbances. Temporal and spatial descriptors characterising both disturbance types are generally variable in time and space. This makes them difficult to reproduce in an ecosystem management framework. However, severity and specificity descriptors may provide a template upon which policies for maintaining post harvesting and salvage logging biological legacies can be based. In a context in which management mainly targets mature and old-growth stages, integrating insect and wind disturbances in a management framework is an important goal, as these disturbances contribute to creating heterogeneity in mature and old-growth forest characteristics.
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Mack, Michelle C., and Caria M. D'Antonio. "Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13, no. 5 (May 1998): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01286-x.

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Rosa, Adriane R., Mercè Comes, Carla Torrent, Brisa Solè, Maria Reinares, Isabella Pachiarotti, Manel Salamero, Flávio Kapczinski, Francesc Colom, and Eduard Vieta. "Biological rhythm disturbance in remitted bipolar patients." International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 1, no. 1 (2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2194-7511-1-6.

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Ferrenberg, Scott, Sasha C. Reed, and Jayne Belnap. "Climate change and physical disturbance cause similar community shifts in biological soil crusts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 39 (September 14, 2015): 12116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509150112.

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Biological soil crusts (biocrusts)—communities of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophs living at the soil surface—are fundamental components of drylands worldwide, and destruction of biocrusts dramatically alters biogeochemical processes, hydrology, surface energy balance, and vegetation cover. Although there has been long-standing concern over impacts of physical disturbances on biocrusts (e.g., trampling by livestock, damage from vehicles), there is increasing concern over the potential for climate change to alter biocrust community structure. Using long-term data from the Colorado Plateau, we examined the effects of 10 y of experimental warming and altered precipitation (in full-factorial design) on biocrust communities and compared the effects of altered climate with those of long-term physical disturbance (>10 y of replicated human trampling). Surprisingly, altered climate and physical disturbance treatments had similar effects on biocrust community structure. Warming, altered precipitation frequency [an increase of small (1.2 mm) summer rainfall events], and physical disturbance from trampling all promoted early successional community states marked by dramatic declines in moss cover and increases in cyanobacteria cover, with more variable effects on lichens. Although the pace of community change varied significantly among treatments, our results suggest that multiple aspects of climate change will affect biocrusts to the same degree as physical disturbance. This is particularly disconcerting in the context of warming, as temperatures for drylands are projected to increase beyond those imposed as treatments in our study.
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Jacquet, Claire, and Florian Altermatt. "The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 8, 2020): 20200678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0678.

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Current global change is associated with an increase in disturbance frequency and intensity, with the potential to trigger population collapses and to cause permanent transitions to new ecosystem states. However, our understanding of ecosystem responses to disturbances is still incomplete. Specifically, there is a mismatch between the diversity of disturbance regimes experienced by ecosystems and the one-dimensional description of disturbances used in most studies on ecological stability. To fill this gap, we conducted a full factorial experiment on microbial communities, where we varied the frequency and intensity of disturbances affecting species mortality, resulting in 20 different disturbance regimes. We explored the direct and long-term effects of these disturbance regimes on community biomass. While most communities were able to recover biomass and composition states similar to undisturbed controls after a halt of the disturbances, we identified some disturbance thresholds that had long-lasting legacies on communities. Using a model based on logistic growth, we identified qualitatively the sets of disturbance frequency and intensity that had equivalent long-term negative impacts on experimental communities. Our results show that an increase in disturbance intensity is a bigger threat for biodiversity and biomass recovery than the occurrence of more frequent but less intense disturbances.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Lewis, Jenny. "Body perception disturbance in complex regional pain syndrome." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65409/.

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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful, debilitating condition that is poorly understood. The syndrome is characterised by pain, motor disturbances and abnormalities in trophic, sudomotor, vascular temperature and sensation. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Clinical observations have identified a novel phenomenon whereby patients pay little attention to, and fail to care for, their painful affected limb. The literature describes this phenomenon in terms of neglect-like symptoms similar to neurological neglect as described in stroke literature. However, this does not seem to fully fit with or explain the nature of clinical observations. Therefore the aim of the qualitative first study was to more fully describe the phenomenon through an investigation of the patient experience and words used to describe those experiences. Six themes emerged from the data and were as follows: hostile feelings; spectrum of disassociation; disparity between what is apparent and what is felt; distorted mental image of affected parts; awareness of limb position and conscious attention. From these findings a theory emerged which serves to further our understanding of body perception disturbance in CRPS. Based on these findings, the second study aimed to quantify a feature of body perception disturbance by measuring limb position accuracy of those with CRPS compared to Healthy Controls (HC) and those with Rheumatological Pain (RP). The CRPS group were significantly less accurate in positioning of both the affected and unaffected upper limbs (median=9°, Interquartile rang e (IQR), 5.7°-13.3°) compared to both HC (6.5°, IQR, 4°-10.7°) and RP groups (7.7°, IQR, 5 °-11.7°). In the CRPS group position accuracy of the affected limb significantly improved with vision (8.3° in view, 10.7° not in view). Pain intensity was significantly greater in the CRPS (6.5, IQR, 5.4-7.7) than the RP group (4.6, IQR, 3.6-5.7). Based on the findings of this research programme, a definition of body perception disturbance in CRPS is presented. Furthermore, a disrupted body schema model is proposed as an explanation of the central mechanisms responsible for body perception disturbance in CRPS.
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Leitner, Zachary Robert. "Soil Biological Temporal Variability as Functions of Physiochemical States and Soil Disturbance." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31620.

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Within our ecosystems, soil biota control an array of functions, such as nutrient cycling and decomposition, and have been pursued as a soil quality indicator. Though microbial communities are known to be a reflection of their environment, small scales dynamics within an agricultural system have been overlooked for many years leading to gaps when inferring on relative microbial values. To further asses our current microbial knowledge, two experiments analyzing microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) structures and enzyme activities sought out to determine temporal fluctuations, cycles, and driving force behind simulated daily microbial parameter outputs. Across both studies, temporal effects, cyclical structures, and common driving forces were recorded, but further validation and characterization is needed to solidify the temporal dynamics of the microbial community. Overall, this information serves as a valuable step towards determining the most viable tillage systems based on environmental conditions, and physical proof of small scale microbial fluctuations.
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McCloskey, Shane P. J. "Western hemlock looper : a biological agent of disturbance in coastal forests of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31425.

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My dissertation examines western hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Hulst) as an agent of disturbance in coastal forests of British Columbia. Western hemlock looper populations along coastal British Columbia have undergone seven episodes of outbreak from 1911 to 2004, leading to visible defoliation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf) Sarg.)-dominated forests. My research investigates the causal factors that influence the timing of outbreaks, the impacts the resultant defoliation has on forest structure and composition, and the spatio-temporal dimensions of this biological disturbance agent. In order to identify the specific antecedent climate conditions that contributed to western hemlock looper outbreaks between 1911 and 2003, I analyzed local meteorological records to develop a moisture stress index of combined temperature and precipitation data. This index included periods of warm, dry climate between 1895 and 2004, and I hypothesized that these warm, dry conditions would improve the survival of western hemlock looper larvae and facilitate population increases. Indeed, a high moisture stress index in June was associated with the onset of visible defoliation by western hemlock looper populations later that year. Furthermore, a high moisture stress index over the entire growing season (May to September) was associated with conditions two years before visible defoliation events, thereby providing a trigger for populations to increase to outbreak levels in subsequent years. Given predicted warmer and drier climatic conditions during the growing season in coastal British Columbia, I anticipate that the frequency of western hemlock looper outbreaks will increase in future. To quantify the impacts of defoliation on the structure and composition of the coastal forests, I compared the effects of three different levels of disturbance severity on stands with comparable tree composition, density, age and stand structure within the Coquitlam River watershed during a western hemlock looper outbreak from 2000-2003. I hypothesized that defoliation from western hemlock looper would slow the growth of canopy western hemlocks at sites with low levels of defoliation and lead to the death of canopy western hemlocks at sites with more severe defoliation. I found that the degree of canopy openness increased with disturbance severity and resulted in an increase in understory vascular plant diversity, I suggest that these alterations to forest structure and composition will lead to an increase in the number of possible future successional pathways and increase forest heterogeneity at the landscape level. In a second study of disturbance effects, I analyzed the temporal pattern of tree death and the resulting rates of mortality after the 2000-2003 western hemlock looper outbreak. I hypothesized that mortality of trees in defoliated areas would be influenced by tree diameter, with smaller trees more susceptible to defoliation and dying at a greater rate than larger trees. Using repeated census data, I was able to show species-specific responses in mortality following western hemlock looper outbreaks. Western hemlock had high levels of mortality across all diameter classes, while mortality of western redcedar and amabilis fir was confined to smaller trees. To determine if the frequency of western hemlock looper outbreaks changed over the past two centuries, I employed dendroentomological methods to reconstruct outbreaks that occurred on Coquitlam Island, a 75 ha island where three outbreaks had been documented during the 20th century. I used differential rates of tree-ring growth between 'host' western hemlock and 'non-host' western redcedar to detect periods of radial growth suppression associated with western hemlock looper outbreaks using the program OUTBREAK. I used known periods of western hemlock looper outbreaks in the 20th century to calibrate and verify the reconstruction techniques. I successfully reconstructed four outbreaks over a 135-year period between 1775 and 1910. The dendroentomological method was successful at identifying low, moderate and high severity outbreaks, whereas the written record identified only periods of visible defoliation from high severity outbreaks. Based on the reconstructed outbreaks, I have determined that the frequency of defoliations has not changed significantly over the past 200 years.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Villasenor, Jose Fernando. "HABITAT USE AND THE EFFECTS OF DISTURBANCE ON WINTERING BIRDS USING RIPARIAN HABITATS IN SONORA, MEXICO." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03282007-165836/.

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Riparian systems are important for breeding bird communities and are highly used as migratory corridors; however, their importance for wintering birds has not been assessed systematically. In order to assess the value of riparian areas for birds wintering in Sonora, data from 1,816 standard point counts were collected from 87 locations during January and February 2004-2006. A total of 253 species were detected across 14 vegetation types, including nine categories of riparian vegetation. The mean number of species and individuals detected per count was significantly higher in riparian vegetation than in non-riparian vegetation for migratory species, but not for residents. Riparian bird communities are different from those in non-riparian habitats, and contribute 22% of the regional avifauna's species.
Anthropogenic disturbance has imposed significant changes in riparian habitats, and is known to have negative effects on biological communities. To assess the effects of human induced disturbance on wintering bird communities, I recorded community composition, relative abundance of species, and three indicators of bird condition in relatively undisturbed and highly disturbed sites at three river systems in Sonora. There is, in general, little effect of disturbance on the composition of wintering communities, with less than 20% of the most common species having significant differences in their abundances between relatively undisturbed and highly disturbed sites. Condition indicators were similar in the two disturbance levels, but the mean heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in the blood of sampled birds showed increased levels of physiological stress in disturbed sites. A more experimental approach is needed to determine the specific cause of the stress expression in leucocytes.
Modification of natural flooding regimes has modified riparian areas, as has been the case in the Colorado River Delta. I present a summary of the changes experienced by riparian systems and some of the measures implemented for riparian restoration in the southwestern United States, and then I compare the scenario with that in central Sonora, where some of the same stressors exist on riparian systems, but where traditional management practices have also mitigated some of the negative consequences of flow control along mid-sized river systems.
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Tsui, Kin-ming. "Biodiversity and longitudinal distribution of fungi on submerged wood, with reference to human disturbance /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21375458.

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De, Blocq Van Scheltinga Andrew. "Disturbance effects of boat-based tourism on waterbirds at the Ramsar-designated De Hoop Vlei, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25186.

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Recreation and ecotourism activities are growing in demand worldwide, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Protected area managers may seek to introduce novel activities in order to generate revenue. However, disturbance effects brought about through encounters between humans and wildlife can have negative consequences, which conflict with conservation goals. De Hoop Vlei is a large coastal lake within the De Hoop Nature Reserve. It is a Ramsar site as well as a key feature of a BirdLife Important Bird Area (IBA). Proposals for motorized boat tours and kayak tours on the vlei have been made, for which this study provides an impact assessment. Repeated counts were performed in order to characterize the waterbirds present during the high water level conditions required for boating. Birds were concentrated in areas with aquatic vegetation and shallow water, mainly along the vlei's western shoreline and southern and northern ends. Two routes were designed for boat tours that would minimize disturbance by avoiding these areas as well as breeding sites. Count data were also used to revise the Ramsar and IBA assessments, which underestimated the site's conservation value. Boat tours were monitored to estimate the number of birds disturbed, and to measure agitation distances (ADs) and flight initiation distances (FIDs) in response to the boat as well as a kayak. Post-disturbance recovery was investigated, as was the likelihood of habituation using a space-for-time substitution at a site with regular boat traffic. Boat tours did not typically disturb more than 10% of birds present at the vlei, and largely avoided disturbing species of conservation concern. Responses to the kayak were more severe than to the boat, which is most likely due to the similar speeds of the two boats are similar and the kayak is more easily perceived as a threat due to its shape and stealth, the presence of a paddler, and the consistent paddling motion. Post-disturbance recovery of species was slow and incomplete after an hour, meaning that there are likely costs for foraging opportunities and breeding if important areas are disturbed. Most species did allow a closer approach at the site with regular boating, but AD did not differ between them for most species. From these results it would be dangerous to assume that habituation will mitigate against disturbance impacts. Recommendations made included that kayak tours should not be permitted. Boat tours, with correct management, can be conducted in a manner that will not be too disruptive to birds. This study is the first to document such a large difference in responses of birds to two differing boat types, and is a rare example of disturbance of birds being studied in an African context.
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Mitchell, Richard Morgan Feminella Jack W. "The influence of coarse woody debris, disturbance, and restortion on biological communities in sandy coastal plain streams." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2022.

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Risberg, Ronja. "Vägtrafikbuller utefter E6 Tanumshede och dess effekt på fågelfaunan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68555.

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Studier har visat att fåglar påverkas av ökade ljudnivåer och ljudfrekvenser (Kociolek et. Al. 2011). Olika fågelarter skiljer sig i känslighet vid störning av ljud. Vissa arter kan anpassa sig och förändra sin kommunikation till den nya ljudsituationen. Andra kan påverkas i sin fortplantning då lätet är en väsentlig del av partnerkommunikationen. Vidare kan vissa fågelarter behöva flytta till ett annat habitat på grund av att de inte kunnat anpassa sig (Gill et. Al. 1999, Helldin 2004). Fågelinventeringar för nybyggnation av motorväg E6 Tanumshede, Norra Bohuslän redovisar antalet fåglar innan och efter motorvägens öppnande den 7 juli 2015. Hypotesen att ljudnivåer skiljer sig i nivå med avstånd från motorvägen och jämfört med referensskog bekräftades. Däremot visar analyser med en ANOVA inte på att antalet fåglar är påverkat av en högre ljudnivå. En del fågelarter uppvisar en signifikant ökning eller minskning i antal, vid analys av dessa fåglars kommunikationsfrekvenser kunde ingen signifikant skillnad ses. Det har inte funnits tillräckligt underlag för att göra en bedömning av mer sällsynta arter som eventuellt skulle vara mer påverkade av en förändrad ljudbild.
Studies have shown that birds are affected by increased noise levels and changes in sound frequencies (Kociolek et al. 2011). Different bird species differ in their sensitivity to noise disturbance. Some species can adapt and change their communication to the new sound situation, whereas others may be affected in their reproduction because sound in an essential part of partner communication. Furthermore, some species may need to move to another habitat because they could not adapt to the new sound situation (Gill et al. 1999, Helldin 2004). Birds inventories for the new motorway construction, E6 Tanumshede North Bohuslän, report the numbers and species of birds before and after the opening of the motorway on July 7, 2015. The hypothesis that noise levels differ at the distance from the highway and compared to reference forests were confirmed. On the other hand, analyses with an ANOVA do not indicate that the number of birds is affected by a higher noise level. Some bird species showed a significant increase in numbers after roadwork, whereas others decreased. No significant difference could be seen in the analysis of these birds’ communication sound frequencies. There has been insufficient support to make an assessment of more rare species that might be more affected by a changing noise levels.
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Alves, Paula Rute Pereira Matono. "Fish assemblages as biological indicators of ecological quality in portuguese rivers." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16172.

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No contexto da aplicação da Directiva-Quadro da Água, a ictiofauna é considerada como um relevante elemento biológico. Pela primeira vez foi desenvolvido um sistema de classificação para avaliação do estado ecológico dos ecossistemas aquáticos em Portugal, apesar dos constrangimentos impostos pela variedade e ubiquidade das pressões humanas e pelas peculiaridades dos agrupamentos piscícolas. Foram definidos grupos piscícolas para posterior estabelecimento de uma tipologia nacional de rios, foram seleccionadas métricas responsivas ás pressões humanas e foi desenvolvido um índice biótico piscícola. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de diferenciar correctamente a resposta da ictiofauna ás perturbações naturais e antropogénicas, considerando quer a variabilidade espacial, quer temporal dos agrupamentos piscícolas, típica dos cursos de tipo Mediterrânico. O uso de solo tem fortes consequências na degradação dos rios e na integridade da ictiofauna, sendo importante que a avaliação dos impactos considere a interacção entre diferentes pressões. A compreensão da influência relativa dos factores ambientais e humanos na ocorrência e abundância das espécies não nativas permitiu evidenciar o potencial papel das mesmas como indicadores biológicos. Esta tese contribuiu para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de ferramentas de avaliação ecológica em Portugal, permitindo igualmente um aumento do conhecimento sobre a ecologia das comunidades piscícolas e funcionamento dos ecossistemas em rios de tipo Mediterrânico, com vista à sua conservação e reabilitação; ABSTRACT:Under the implementation of the Water Framework Directive fish fauna is considered a useful biological element. For the first time a Portuguese classification system to assess the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems was established, despite several constrains posed by the variety and ubiquity of human pressures and by the peculiarities of the fish assemblages. It was possible to define fish-based geographical groups for the subsequent establishment of a national river typology, to select metrics responsive to human pressures and to develop a fish biotic index. Results underline the needs for accurately differentiate between fish responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances by accounting for the spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages. Land use may lead to strong impacts on stream degradation and fish assemblages integrity and this evaluation must consider the interaction of different pressures. Understanding the influence of environmental and human factors in the occurrence and abundance of non-native species enlightened their role as a reliable tool in the ecological assessment of rivers. This thesis represents an important contribution to improve the ecological assessment tools in Portugal, while increasing knowledge on the ecology of fish communities and ecosystem functioning in Mediterranean climate rivers in view of their urgent conservation.
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Longbrake, A. Christina W. "Ecology and Invasive potential of Paulownia Tomentosa (Scrulariaceae) in a Hardwood Forest Landscape." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou992358342.

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Books on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Menstrual disorders and menopause: Biological, psychological, and cultural research. New York: Praeger, 1985.

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Beever, Erik A., Suzanne Prange, and Dominick A. DellaSala, eds. Disturbance Ecology and Biological Diversity. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429095146.

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A, Mansfield T., Goulding K. W. T, Sheppard L. J, and New Phytologist Symposium (3rd : 1997 Sept. 3-5 : University of Lancaster), eds. Major biological issues resulting from anthropogenic disturbance of the nitrogen cycle. Cambridge, [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Defense, Department of. 21st Century Essential NBC Reference Series: National Guard Civil Disturbance Handbook (Bioterrorism, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, Radiation and Radiological ... Destruction WMD, First Responder Ringbound). Progressive Management, 2004.

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Subramaniam, Banu, ed. My Experiments with Truth. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038655.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on biological invasions and presents one example of how we can experiment with an interdisciplinary repertoire of research questions, methods, and epistemologies to produce knowledge about the biological world—in short, an experiment about experimenting. The experiment under discussion is a collaborative project based in Southern California, where human-made disturbance has a very long and destructive history. Here, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their role in plant ecology are observed within the environmental contexts of growth, especially the soil communities of plants. Mycorrhizal fungi and their relationship with native and exotic plant species offer a great context for a science/science studies project, and this work on fungi that were in “mutualistic” relationships also challenged the role of competition as the critical driver of ecology and evolution of plants.
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Weiner, Stephen, and Susanne Petermann. Stephen Weiner, Patient in the Mental Health System. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.4.

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Excerpts from an interview with Stephen Weiner, who recounts his experience in the mental health care system from being told he had an emotional disturbance as a child (1957–1958) to his work with a psychiatrist on strengthening his more rational self. As a child, he was not given a diagnosis, making it difficult to know how “objectively” to evaluate his condition. Probably little was known about the phenomenology of derealization and solipsism then. After college he decided to seek treatment for his growing depression and alcohol abuse under a method known as Rolfing. He describes his skepticism toward psychiatrists and allied professionals unwilling to explain the scientific basis of their treatment. He suggests that the switch to the biological model of mental illness, while mostly good, brought about new difficulties for patients. After seeing three different doctors, Weiner settled with a psychiatrist who offered relief and palliative care.
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Haunton, Victoria, Aung Sett, Amit Mistri, and Martin Fotherby. Stroke. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0227.

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The World Health Organization defines stroke as ‘a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (at times global) disturbance of cerebral function lasting greater than 24 hours (or leading to death) with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin’. Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is defined as a rapid presentation of neurological deficit with complete recovery within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. However, the 24-hour cut-off is arbitrary, has no biological basis, and is of limited use clinically. A shorter duration is now regarded as more appropriate, although it has yet to be universally accepted. In clinical practice, stroke and TIA are best thought of as comprising a continuum, as they have similar pathological mechanisms, etiologies, and management strategies. While subarachnoid haemorrhage is a type of stroke based on the above definition, it is not covered in this chapter, as its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management are distinct from those for ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke.
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Veste, Maik, Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde, Steven D. Warren, and Nicole Pietrasiak, eds. Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88971-255-7.

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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.

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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.

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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Cleare, A. J. "Regulatory Disturbance of Energy." In Everyday Biological Stress Mechanisms, 17–34. Basel: KARGER, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059273.

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Belnap, J., and D. Eldridge. "Disturbance and Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts." In Ecological Studies, 363–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_27.

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Ottosson, Jan-Otto, and Kurt Widepalm. "Memory Disturbance After Ect in Low-Pressure Narcosis." In Biological Psychiatry, Higher Nervous Activity, 583–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8329-1_86.

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Burn, John. "Disturbance of Morphological Laterality in Humans." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 162 - Biological Asymmetry and Handedness, 282–99. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514160.ch16.

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Weber, Bettina, Matt Bowker, Yuanming Zhang, and Jayne Belnap. "Natural Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts After Disturbance." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 479–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_23.

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Zhao, Yunge, Matthew A. Bowker, Yuanming Zhang, and Eli Zaady. "Enhanced Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts After Disturbance." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 499–523. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_24.

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Mueller-Dombois, D. "Biological Diversity and Disturbance Regimes in Island Ecosystems." In Ecological Studies, 163–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78963-2_13.

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Zaady, Eli, David J. Eldridge, and Matthew A. Bowker. "Effects of Local-Scale Disturbance on Biocrusts." In Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 429–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_21.

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Gaertner, Mirijam, David C. Le Maitre, and Karen J. Esler. "Alterations of Disturbance Regimes by Plant and Animal Invaders." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 249–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_16.

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Gamon, John A., Ran Wang, Hamed Gholizadeh, Brian Zutta, Phil A. Townsend, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares. "Consideration of Scale in Remote Sensing of Biodiversity." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 425–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_16.

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AbstractA coherent and effective remote sensing (RS) contribution to biodiversity monitoring requires careful consideration of scale in all its dimensions, including spatial, temporal, spectral, and angular, along with biodiversity at different levels of biological organization. Recent studies of the relationship between optical diversity (spectral diversity) and biodiversity reveal a scale dependence that can be influenced by the RS methods used, vegetation type, and degree and nature of disturbance. To better understand these issues, we call for multi-scale field campaigns that test the effect of sampling scale, vegetation type, and degree of disturbance on the ability to detect different kinds of biodiversity, along with the development of improved models that incorporate both physical and biological principles as well as ecological and evolutionary theory. One goal of these studies would be to more closely match instrumentation and sampling scales to biological definitions of biodiversity and so improve optical diversity (spectral diversity) as a proxy for biodiversity. The ultimate goal would be to design and implement a truly effective, “scale-aware” global biodiversity monitoring system employing RS methods. Such a system could improve our understanding of the distribution and functional importance of biodiversity and enhance our ability to manage ecosystems for resilience and sustainability in a changing world.
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Conference papers on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Hanberry, Brice, and Edward Faison. "Deer as a natural disturbance that supports landscape and herbaceous plant diversity." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09481.

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Li, Xiaojian, Chichi Liu, Shuxun Chen, Yong Wang, Shuk Han Cheng, and Dong Sun. "Automated in-vivo transportation of biological cells with a disturbance compensation controller." In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759398.

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Martins, Ricardo Alves, Marcio Eisencraft, Luiz Henrique Alves Monteiro, and José Guilherme Chaui-Berlinck. "Feedback control system with an additive disturbance in the context of biological sciences." In DINCON 2013 – Conferência Brasileira de Dinâmica, Controle e Aplicações. SBMAC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/03.2013.001.01.0056.

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Haiqing Hu and Xujian Peng. "Study on β biological diversity dynamic change of Larix gmelinii forests after fire disturbance." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893415.

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Schmidt, Jon A., Steven W. Ellsworth, R. Allen Brooks, Darren F. Bishop, Mark G. Bisett, Michael C. Aubele, and H. Ed Watkins. "An Assessment of Hard/Live Bottom Epifaunal Community Structure Post-Construction of the Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10371.

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Gulfstream Natural Gas System, L.L.C. (Gulfstream) constructed a 36-inch-diameter pipeline in 2001 to transport natural gas from plants in Mississippi and Alabama to markets in central and southern Florida. The route of the marine portion of the pipeline originates from the shoreline of Mississippi and Alabama in Mississippi Sound and transverses a large portion of the Gulf of Mexico, making landfall in Tampa Bay. Activities such as the installation of the pipe on the seafloor and the mooring of construction vessels used in these processes were anticipated to disturb the seafloor and associated resources. Of particular concern during project permitting were areas of hard/live bottom habitat within the pipeline construction corridor. As part of the mitigation plan, Gulfstream has monitored post-construction disturbance and re-colonization of sessile epifauna into the disturbed pipeline, spoil mound, and anchor strike areas. Monitoring has been performed using ROV video and diver collected photograph transects. The mitigation plan defined impacted hard/live bottom recovery as achieving a metric of 80-percent similarity to unimpacted hard/live bottom areas (it was not stated if this similarity metric referred to percent cover or species composition). After completion of the 2005 monitoring effort, it was determined that percent cover and species composition recovery criteria have been achieved. Biotic cover was found to have been enhanced in the trench corridor, spoil mound, and visible anchor strike areas in comparison to unimpacted hard/live bottom areas. Although recruitment within impacted hard/live bottom areas was enhanced and a greater diversity of fauna was present, the actual community structure was not significantly different from undisturbed bottom. During project permitting, recovery of the biological community was predicted to take 100-years, however, it is evident that within less than five-years, the community structure has recovered in equivalence to unimpacted areas.
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Roy, Gourab Ghosh, B. K. Panigrahi, Prithwish Chakraborty, and Manas Kumar Mallick. "On optimal feature selection using modified Harmony search for power quality disturbance classification." In 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393742.

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Chatterjee, Abheek, and Astrid Layton. "Bio-Inspired Human Network Design: A Multi-Currency Robustness Metric Inspired by Ecological Network Analysis." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98235.

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Abstract The Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) metric ecological robustness quantifies the unique balance that biological food webs have between their pathway efficiency and redundancy, enabling them to maximize their robustness to system disturbances. This robustness is a potentially desirable quality for human systems to mimic. Modeling the interactions between actors in human networks as predator-prey type exchanges (of a medium or currency rather than caloric exchanges) enables an ENA analysis. ENA has been shown to be a useful tool in improving the design of human networks because it allows the characteristics of biological networks to be mimicked. The application of these metrics is, however, limited to networks with only one flow type. Human networks are composed of many different types of flow interactions and thus a biologically-inspired indicator of total system robustness must take into account all of these interactions. This work further develops the traditional ENA ecological robustness metric to accommodate various flows between actors in multi-currency human networks. Two novel methods for quantifying multi-currency flow network robustness are introduced. The mathematical formulation for these new metrics is presented. The water network for the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) is used as a case study to determine the benefits of the proposed robustness metrics. The results obtained using the single-currency robustness and the two multi-currency robustness metrics are compared using the case study. Based on the analysis of the results obtained at the system level, as well as at the sub-levels, both multi-currency metrics showed the ability to predict systems characteristics for the multi-currency Kalundborg EIP. While both of these are promising, more research regarding these metrics is needed in order to develop an elegant and comprehensive total system robustness metric.
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Moshkovsky, A. N., Galina P. Petrova, N. N. Sysoev, and A. P. Ryazin. "Study of shock propagation: acoustic disturbances induced by laser radiation in model biological systems." In ALT '96 International Symposium: Laser Methods for Biomedical Applications, edited by Alexander M. Prokhorov, Costas Fotakis, and Vladimir Pustovoy. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.257380.

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Lengua, Ismael, Guillermo Peris-Fajarnés, Beatriz Defez García, Juan José Vila Carbo, and María Moncho Santonja. "Capture and analysis of autofluorescence in biological tissues for identification and demarcation of lesions." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8914.

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In certain cell types substances called Chromophores are found. These substances are responsible of a particular way to the incidence of a specific light. Specifically, chromophores are responsible for the autofluorescence of certain cells. This work shows how the use of lighting techniques and image filtering take advantage of these properties in order to distinguish, even in tissues formed by the same cells, disturbances that are not perceptible under standard lighting conditions.In the paper, we explain how these techniques could improve certain surgical procedures, allowing the surgeon to have more complete and detailed information during the intervention itself.
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Zhang, Muheng, and Yongsheng Lian. "Numerical Investigation of the Coulter Principle in a Microfluidic Device." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16011.

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Coulter counters are analytical microfluidic instrument used to measure the size and concentration of biological cells or colloid particles suspended in electrolyte. The underlying working mechanism of Coulter counters is the Coulter principle which relies on the fact that when low-conductive cells pass through an electric field these cells cause disturbances in the measurement (current or voltage). Useful information about these cells can be obtained by analyzing these disturbances if an accurate correlation between the measured disturbances and cell characteristics. In this paper we use computational fluid dynamics method to investigate this correlation. The flow field is described by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the electric field is represented by a Laplace’s equation in which the conductivity is calculated from the Navier-Stokes equations, and the cell motion is calculated by solving the equations of motion. The accuracy of the code is validated by comparing with analytical solutions. The study is based on a coplanar Coulter counter with three inlets that consist of two sheath flow inlet and one conductive flow inlet. The effects of diffusivity, cell size, sheath flow rate, and cell geometry are discussed in details. The impacts of electrode size, gap between electrodes and electrode location on the measured distribution are also studied.
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Reports on the topic "Biological disturbance"

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Costa, Daniel P. Development of the PCAD Model to Assess Biological Significance of Acoustic Disturbance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617696.

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Costa, Daniel P. Development of the PCAD Model to Assess Biological Significance of Acoustic Disturbance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602516.

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Williams, Terrie M. High Risk Behaviors in Marine Mammals: Linking Behavioral Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance to Biological Consequences. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602529.

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Smith, John G., and Arthus J. Stewart. SERDP SEED Project (CS-1161) Final Report: Feasibility Study: Lab-on-a-chip and In Situ Bioassay Techniques for Rapid Resolution of Ion Signatures for Disturbances of Biological Significance in Streams. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385396.

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