Academic literature on the topic 'Biological extracts'

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Islam, Mohammad Emdadul, Tofail Ahmed Chowdhury, Nasim Sultana, Abul Hasnat Muhammad Solaiman, and SM Anamul Arefin. "Biological activity studies of Sensevieria hyacinthoides extracts." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v5i1.53857.

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Biological activity was studied of the different solvent extracts such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of the rhizomes of Sensevieria hyacinthoides. The cytotoxic potential were examined by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited quite potent activity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay with LC50 1.95 μg/mL, respectively. These result suggested that it might contain antitumor or cytotoxic agent. The ethyl acetate extract showed significant free radical scavenging activity with IC50 10.51 μg/mL and demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) were assayed by using DPPH method. The IC50 for Vit-c (Ascorbic acid) and ethyl acetate extract were found to be 3.91 and 10.51 μg/mL, respectively. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (1), 15-20
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Kavalcioğrlu, Neslihan, Leyla Açık, Fatih Demirci, Betül Demirci, Hülya Demir, and K. Hüsnü Can Başer. "Biological Activities of Bellis perennis Volatiles and Extracts." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 1 (January 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500134.

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Different parts of Bellis perennis were subjected to hydrodistillation and the products were subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts. Antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing activity, total antioxidant] and antimicrobial activity of the plant materials were studied. The aqueous extracts showed higher DPPH scavenging activity (85.8% at 102.5 μg/mL) than the methanol extract. Reducing power was also observed for both tested extracts, where the formation of linoleic acid peroxides was more for the aqueous extract than the methanol extract. Antimicrobial activities of all plant materials were evaluated at varying concentrations against a panel of pathogens, but without pronounced inhibitory effect.
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Hassanein, M. M. M., F. S. Taha, S. M. Wagdy, and S. F. Hamed. "Evaluation of the biological activity of sunflower hull extracts." Grasas y Aceites 63, no. 2 (April 18, 2012): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.072111.

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Pisano, Maria Barbara, Sofia Cosentino, Silvia Viale, Delia Spanò, Angela Corona, Francesca Esposito, Enzo Tramontano, et al. "Biological Activities of Aerial Parts Extracts ofEuphorbia characias." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1538703.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts from leaves, stems, and flowers ofEuphorbia characias. The extracts showed a high antioxidant activity and were a good source of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Ethanolic extracts from leaves and flowers displayed the highest inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, showing potential properties against Alzheimer’s disease. Antimicrobial assay showed that leaves and flowers extracts were active against all Gram-positive bacteria tested. The ethanolic leaves extract appeared to have the strongest antibacterial activity againstBacillus cereuswith MIC value of 312.5 μg/mL followed byListeria monocytogenesandStaphylococcus aureusthat also exhibited good sensitivity with MIC values of 1250 μg/mL. Moreover, all the extracts possessed anti-HIV activity. The ethanolic flower extract was the most potent inhibitor of HIV-1 RT DNA polymerase RNA-dependent and Ribonuclease H with IC50values of 0.26 and 0.33 μg/mL, respectively. The LC-DAD metabolic profile showed that ethanolic leaves extract contains high levels of quercetin derivatives. This study suggests thatEuphorbia characiasextracts represent a good source of natural bioactive compounds which could be useful for pharmaceutical application as well as in food system for the prevention of the growth of food-borne bacteria and to extend the shelf-life of processed foods.
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Vélez, Elington, Haydelba D’Armas, Carmita Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Ana Paola Echavarría-Vélez, and Chinwe Christy Isitua. "Fitoquímica De Lippia Citriodora K cultivada en Ecuador y su actividad biológica.// Phytochemistry of Lippia citriodora K grown in Ecuador and its biological activity." CIENCIA UNEMI 12, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss29.2019pp9-19p.

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Se realizó un estudio fitoquímico de metabolitos secundarios, actividad antimicrobiana y letal del extracto metanólico de las partes botánicas de Lippia citriodora K (cedrón). Se detectó la presencia taninos, polifenoles, triterpenos y esteroles insaturados para las hojas, flores y tallo; fenilpropanoides y catequinas para tallos y flores; alcaloides para hojas y flores; saponinas para hojas y tallos. Además, las flores exhibieron la presencia de cumarinas y metilencetonas. Todos los extractos metanólicos mostraron una acción bactericida alta contra cepas de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a excepción del extracto de las flores que exhibió una actividad antibacteriana moderada o mediana contra cepas de S. aureus. Además, se observó un efecto antifúngico moderado del extracto de las hojas, y una actividad alta de los extractos del tallo y flores, contra la cepa del hongo Candida albicans. Todos los extractos mostraron letalidad significativa (<1000 µg/ml) frente a nauplios de Artemia salina a las 24 h de exposición (168,77, 82,19 y 172,76 µg/ml para las hojas, tallo y flores, respectivamente); donde el extracto del tallo presentó mayor letalidad con CL50 de 82,19 µg/ml, considerado altamente tóxico según CYTED. Se puede inferir que la especie L. citriodora es una fuente promisoria de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos con actividad farmacológica.AbstractThis research was based on a phytochemical study of secondary metabolites, lethal and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of botanical organs Lippia citriodora K (lemon verbena). It was detected the presence of tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes and unsaturated sterols for leaves, flowers and stem; phenylpropanoids and catechins for stems and flowers; alkaloids for leaves and flowers; saponins for leaves and stems. In addition, the flowers exhibited the presence of coumarins and methylenketones. Methanolic extracts showed high bactericidal action against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the antimicrobial bioassay, except for the flowers which exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus strains. Furthermore, moderate antifungal effect was observed for leaves extract and high activity for stem and flowers extracts against the strain of Candida albicans fungus. All extracts showed significant lethality (<1000 μg/ml) against A. salina nauplii at 24 h of exposure (168.77, 82.19 and 172.76 μg/mL for leaves, stems and flowers, respectively); where the methanolic extract of the stem showed the highest lethality with LC50 value of 82.19 μg/ml, considered highly toxic according to CYTED. It can be inferred that L. citriodora is a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity.
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Riaz, Muhammad, Humaira Fatima, Muhammad Misbah ur Rehman, Rahman Qadir, Shabbir Hussain, Abdul Hafeez, and Abu Bakar Siddique. "Appraisal of antioxidant potential and biological studies of bogan bail (Bougainvillea glabra) leaf extracts using different solvents." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 3 (June 29, 2021): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/273/2020-cjfs.

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Current research work was performed to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra leaf extracts with different solvents. Extraction of leaves was carried out by maceration using solvents of various polarity such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol. The highest values of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed in methanolic extract, such as 58.57% and 29.41%, respectively. Antioxidant potential was measured by DPPH free radical, showing 65.16% scavenging activity in methanolic extract. Similarly, the reducing power of methanolic extract was also measured. Hemolytic activity of B. glabra leaf extracts was evaluated, and maximum percentage lysis was found as 6.86% in chloroform extract. The thrombolytic activity of B. glabra leaf extracts was evaluated against human red blood cells, and the maximum percentage of clot lysis was 59.10% in chloroform extract. Maximum antidiabetic activity (16.20%) was observed in methanolic extract. Overall, the presented results reveal that bogan bail extract is capable of being employed in nutra-pharmaceutical industry.
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Aziz, Shahid, Hidayat Hussain, Anisa Younis, Habib Ur-Rehman, Muhammad Shahid, Arshad Farooq Butt, and Ivan R. Green. "Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Justica adhatoda." International Journal of Phytomedicine 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.1875.

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<p>Phytochemical and biological investigations were undertaken on ethanolic extracts of the leaves and root bark of <em>Justica adhatoda </em>L<em>.</em> Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids and saponins were detected in extracts from both parts of the title plant. Reducing sugars were not detected in either extract whereas flavonoids were detected in ethanolic extract of <em>J. adhatota </em>leaves only. Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and Aspergillus <em>niger</em> were demonstrated by both the leaf and root bark extracts. Additionally, both extracts displayed good antioxidant and heomolytic potential. Interestingly, eight metal ions were detected in both extracts in different concentrations.</p>
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Sevimli-Gur, Canan, Yuksel Gezgin, Ahmet Oz, Shaymaa Al Sharqi, Zinar Pinar Gumus, and Nurhan Turgut Dunford. "Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14439.

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HighlightsThe first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.
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Teyeb, Hassen, Olfa Houta, Hanen Najjaa, Ali Lamari, Mohamed Neffati, Wahiba Douki, and Mohamed Fadhel Najjar. "Biological and Chemical Study of Astragalus gombiformis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2012): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-7-803.

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Extracts of aerial parts and roots of wild Astragalus gombiformis Pomel were tested for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities and contents of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial activity was tested by the paper disk agar diffusion method and determination of the minimal inhibitor concentration. Among the tested extracts, three extracts (methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) from aerial parts and two extracts (water, methanol) from roots exhibited diameters of inhibition zone equal or above 12 mm (at 150 μg/ disk) and minimal inhibitor concentrations ranging between 233 and 1250 μg/ml. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses showed that contents of both total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activity were higher in the methanolic extract of aerial parts as compared to roots. No insecticidal activity of the extracts of the aerial parts was found against Culex pipiens.
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Vien, Do Thi Hoa, and Phung Thi Thuy. "Research on Biological Activity of some Extracts from Vietnamese Carica papaya Leaves." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49742.

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Carica papaya leaves have long been used in some folk remedies to treat cancer. This folk remedy originated from Queensland - Australia from 1978 (Harald W. Tietze, 1997). In Vietnam, there are some successful cases of using Carica papaya leaves for cancer treatment even though this mediation do not always work out. In this study, the soluble substances in water (aqueous extract), the carotenoid and the polar substances (polar extract) were extracted from Carica papaya leaves grown in Vietnam; the bioassays such as cytotoxicity on some tumor cell lines as well as antioxidant activity were also tested with obtained extracts. The results showed that all obtained extracts had antioxidant activity stronger than the control substance - vitamin C at the same tested concentration. At concentration of 100 μg/ml, the inhibitive activity on lung cancer cell line LU-1 of obtained extracts was highest, from 43.47% (aqueous extract) to 62.88% (polar extract). On carcinoma cell line KB, inhibitive ability of extracts was lower: 2.8% (polar extract) and 20.6% (aqueous extract). On the breast cancer cells MCF7, inhibitive ability of above extracts was quite high, from 33.95% to 56.19%. On the leukemia cell line HL 60, inhibitive ability of these extracts was also high, from 39.56 to 60.64%. In addition, the result pointed out that on stem cells isolated from mouse embryos (ESC), the obtained extracts was not toxic to healthy cells of this line. This suggested that extracts from Carica papaya leaves has the potential to become one of the natural substance products that can support cancer treatment in certain cases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Da, Silva Paula Maria Alexandra. "Chemical and biological studies on African Crypolepis species." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300913.

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Richfield, David. "An investigation into the biological activity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extracts /." Thesis, Link to the Internet, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/896.

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Rauha, Jussi-Pekka. "The search for biological activity in Finnish plant extracts containing phenolic compounds." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/farma/vk/rauha/.

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Takaidza, Samkeliso. "Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/434.

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PhD (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal Universtiy of Technology
The genus Tulbaghia has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, earache, tuberculosis and esophageal cancer. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its use. Therefore the objectives of this study were to perform phytochemical analysis, investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activities and toxicity of crude acetone and water extracts from selected Tulbaghia species. Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic content of the plant extracts was determined using the folin ciocalteu method whereas the total flavonoids were determined by using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion, microtiter dilution and time kill assays. For anticancer studies, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was evaluated using the MTT assay on Hkesc-1 and KB cells. Morphological changes of the cancer cells treated with extracts were examined using light microscopy. Induction of apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to examine the multicaspase activity and cell cycle arrest. For immunomodulatory activity, the Greiss reagent and Luminex cytokine assays were used to determine the effect of the extracts on NO production and the concentration of the cytokines in the treated cells, respectively. Toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was examined by investigating the effect of the extracts on the metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity on the treated RAW264.7 cells using the MTT and LDH assays, respectively. The zebrafish assay was used to evaluate the embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of crude acetone and water extracts of T. violacea at 24 h intervals for 96 h post fertilisation (hpf). The percentage mortality, hatchability and heart rate were examined. Phytochemical screening of eight Tulbaghia species demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and steroids. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid content varied in different plant extracts ranging from 4.50 to 11.10 milligrams gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 milligrams quercetin equivalent per gram (mg QE/g) of fresh material respectively. The IC50 values based on DPPH and ABTS for T. alliacea (0.06 and 0.06 mg/mL) and T. violacea (0.08 and 0.03 mg/mL) were generally lower showing potential antioxidant activities. For antimicrobial activity, the acetone extracts of T. acutiloba, T. alliacea, T. leucantha, T. ludwigiana, T. natalensis and T. simmleri showed moderate antimicrobial activity against all test organisms while the water extracts showed moderate to no activity. One species, T. cernua, showed poor activity against all the tested microbes. The acetone and water extracts of T. violacea showed the greatest antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 3.13 mg/mL. The acetone extracts of T. violacea also exhibited both bacteriostatic/fungistatic and bactericidal/fungicidal activity depending on the incubation time and concentration of the extract. The bactericidal/fungicidal activity was observed at x2 MIC. The results for anticancer activity showed that treatment of Hkesc-1 cells with acetone and water crude extracts had anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 0.4 mg/mL and 1.625 mg/mL, respectively while KB had 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. Morphological changes such as blebbing, cell shrinkage and rounding were observed in the treated cells suggesting that apoptosis was taking place. AOEB staining showed that the level of apoptosis was dependent on the concentration of the extracts. The activation of multicaspase activity in both Hkesc-1 and KB treated cells was also concentration dependent leading to cell death by apoptosis and the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Immunomodulatory activity results indicated that cell viability was above 80% when concentrations of 50 µg/mL or less of both acetone and water crude was used. Treatment with the acetone extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the LPS induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells except at 50 µg/mL where significant inhibition was observed. The water extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on NO production at all the concentrations. Treatment of LPS–induced RAW264.7 cells with acetone extract stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on IL-1β. On the other hand, treatment with the water extracts stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on TNF-α and IL-1β. Treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the acetone extract had very little stimulatory effect on IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and no significant effect on IL-10 whereas for the water extract a significant stimulatory effect was only observed for IL-4 after 48 h of treatment. High concentrations (>10000 pg/mL) of MCP-1, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, MIP-2, GCSF, GM-CSF, RANTES and IP-10 were also observed in acetone and water extract treated RAW264.7 cells. For toxicity studies, acetone and aqueous crude leaf extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri, and T. violacea had a significant inhibitory (p<0.05) effect on the RAW264.7 cells after 48h treatment. Acetone extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea resulted in IC50 values of 0.48 mg/mL, 0.72 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Treatment with water extracts showed minimal toxic effect indicated by higher IC50 values of 0.95 mg/mL, 2.49 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL for T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea, respectively. The LDH release by macrophages after 24 h treatment with acetone extracts was observed to be concentration dependent while treatment with water extracts did not induce LDH release. The zebra fish assay showed a lethal dose (LD50) for the T. violacea acetone crude extract of 20 μg/mL whereas that for water extract was 85 μg/mL. The observed teratogenic effects included scoliosis, edema of the pericardial cavity, retarded yolk resorption, hook-like/bent tail and shorter body length. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the extracts from the eight Tulbaghia species examined contain phytochemicals that may have the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Extracts from T. violacea were observed to be the most potent. This study thus supports the use of T. violacea in treating bacterial and fungal infections in traditional medicine. The results of this study also confirm the anticancer potential of T. violacea. The immunomodulatory activity of the acetone and water extracts from T. violacea indicated a dominantly pro-inflammatory activity. Traditional medicine prepared form T. violacea may be of benefit to individuals with weak immune systems. The toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was observed to be concentration, extract and time dependent. Therefore, traditional medicine prepared from Tulbaghia extracts should be taken with caution preferably in small doses over a short period of time. Future studies will focus on the identification of the bioactive compound(s) responsible for the antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.
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Makhafola, Tshepiso Jan. "Chemical and biological characterization of antibacterial compounds present in Ochna pretoriensis (Ochnaceae) leaf extracts." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27121.

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In preliminary work done in a tree leaf screening project in the Phytomedicine Programme (www.up.ac.za/phyto) Ochna pretoriensis acetone leaf extracts had good antibacterial activity against several important bacterial pathogens. The main aim of this study was to isolate and characterize antibacterial compounds present in the acetone leaf extract of Ochna species growing in South Africa. In a preliminary screening, the minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone leaf extracts of Ochna natalitia, Ochna pretoriensis, Ochna pulchra, Ochna gamostigmata, and Ochna. Serullata, against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalisand Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined by using a serial microplate dilution assay. The number of antibacterial compounds in the extracts was also determined by bioautography against the same bacteria. The MIC values of the five species ranged from 0.039 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml. The lowest average MIC values observed were for O. Pretoriensis especially against E. Faecalis and E. Coli. The most sensitive organism to all the plants was E. coli. O. Pretoriensis had the lowest average MIC value and the highest total activity value of 1538 ml/g. Based on bioautography some of the Ochna species had antibacterial compounds with similar Rf values. The thin layer chromatography chemical profiles of the five plant extracts may be useful in the taxonomy of the genus. O. Pretoriensis was chosen for fractionation and isolation of antibacterial compound because it has the lowest average MIC values and highest total activity especially against E. Faecalis and E. coli. The acetone extract of O. Pretoriensis was fractionated into seven fractions (hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 35% water in methanol, 70% water in methanol and butanol) by solvent-solvent fractionation. Only three of the seven fractions (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethyl acetate fractions) had clearly defined antibacterial spots/lines on bioautograms. The three fractions were further fractionated using column chromatography from which three compounds were successfully isolated. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined using NMR spectroscopy as β-Sitosterol (SS), ochnaflavone (OF) and ochnaflavone 7-O- methyl ether (OFME). Compounds that are related to sitosterol have activity against neurodegenerative disorders as well as estrogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelminthic and antimutagenic activity. OF and OFME are biflavonoids which belong to the group ochnaflavones previously characterized from Ochna obtusata. These compounds have anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. They also inhibit lymphocytes proliferation, archidonic acid release and phospholipase activity. Moreover, OFME was reported to inhibit HIV-1 activity as well as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. The antibacterial activity, and potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of the isolated compounds were determined. The MIC values ranged from 31.3 to 250 μg/ml. SS was more active against P. Aeruginosa with an MIC of 62.5 μg/ml, OF against P. Aeruginosa and E. Faecalis with MICs of 0.03 mg/ml and OFME against P. Aeruginosa with an MIC of 31.3 μg/ml. The isolated compounds were much less active than the positive control gentamycin. The compounds had low cytotoxic activity, with LC50 values of 193.8 μg/ml for β-Sitosterol, 125.9 μg/ml for OF and 125.9 μg/ml for OFME against Vero cells. The therapeutic indexes of the crude extract and the isolated compounds varied between 0.77 and 3.27, which is an indication of non-specific antibacterial activity i.e. general toxicity, thus the crude plant extract and compounds isolated from O. Pretoriensis can only be recommended for external applications. e.g. topical treatments. None of the compounds tested had potential genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic effects. The number of revertants in the mutagenicity experiments was less than twice the number of revertants in the negative control. The percentage inhibition of 4NQO in the antimutagenicity experiments were less than 45%. The results obtained in this case may be principally associated with the general toxicity of the test samples to the bacteria used in this study. Comparison of the total activity of the crude extract and the fractions gave a clear indication of synergic interaction of compounds in the crude extract to successfully inhibit the growth of the test pathogens. Approximately 76% of activity was lost in the 34% of dry mass lost during fractionation. Twelve percent of activity was present in the chloroform fraction and 6% in the carbon tetrachloride fraction. Despite the evidence for synergistic activity, the crude extract was also relatively toxic to the Vero cells with a therapeutic index of 0.8. As far as could be established, the antibacterial activity of members of the Ochna genus and the cytotoxicity of ochnaflavones were determined for the first time in the current study. The two most active antibacterial compounds (ochnaflavone and ochnaflavone 7-O- methyl ether) are being reported from this species for the first time. The relative safety of the crude extract and the compounds isolated from this plant was relatively low. Preparations of O. Pretoriensis may be safe in a topical application but internal use cannot be recommended for treating antibacterial infections before animal toxicity studies have been carried out. Caution is also required in using the isolated compounds or crude extracts for other applications. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Paraclinical Sciences
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Luz, Érica de Oliveira Veras da. "Socratea exorrhiza : potencial bioativo e teores de fenóis e flavonoides." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=279.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendland é conhecida popularmente como paxiuba. Esta Arecaceae ocorre naturalmente na região amazônica. É muito utilizada por caboclos e índios de Roraima, porém pouco estudada quanto ao perfil químico e biológico. Neste trabalho investigou-se o potencial bioativo dos extratos da parte externa e interna da raiz e do broto da raiz de S. exorrhiza, mediante testes de atividade citotóxica (Artemia salina Laech), antioxidante (DPPH) e antimicrobiana contra as bactérias (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002) e a levedura Candida albicans ATCC18804. Dos extratos mais ativos determinaram-se os teores de fenólicos e flavonóides por espectrofotometria. O processo de extração foi a quente em sistema de Soxhlet, usando solventes orgânicos de polaridades crescentes (hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e metanol). Os resultados mostraram que os extratos acetato de etila da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz destacaram se nos testes de atividade citotóxica e antioxidante, sendo o do broto da raiz (DL50 473 e IC50 24,03 μg/mL) o mais ativo para os dois testes. A ação positiva desses extratos nas atividades biológicas pode estar relacionada à presença de flavonoides evidenciada pelo elevado teor encontrado (76,8% e 64,66%, respectivamente). Os extratos metanólicos da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz apresentaram alto poder inibitório frente à levedura C. albicans (halos de18 e 25 mm) respectivamente. Todos os extratos do broto da raiz apresentaram ação inibitória moderada contra o crescimento das bactérias Gram-negativas E. coli e P. mirabilis com halos que variaram entre 10 e 17 mm, sendo que o extrato metanólico do broto da raiz obteve alto poder inibitório no crescimento de P. mirabilis (halo 22 mm). A ação positiva dos extratos da parte externa da raiz e do broto da raiz contra bactérias Gram-negativas corrobora com o conhecimento tradicional, que preconiza a utilização das raízes de S. exorrhiza na medicina popular para o tratamento de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, o que torna ainda maior o valor dos resultados obtidos. Outro dado importante obtido com trabalho é o novo registro de ocorrência de S. exorrhiza para o estado de Roraima. Os resultados aqui apresentados são inéditos e importantes na ampliação do conhecimento sobre esta palmeira, estimulando a continuidade de estudos mais aprofundados.
Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendland is popularly known as paxiuba. This Arecaceae occurs naturally in the rain forest. It is widely used by the locals and the native Indians of Roraima, however it is not as studied as in regards to its biological and chemical profile. In this work, it was investigated that the extracts of the bioactive potential of the outer and inner parts of the root and of the sprout from the root of S. exorrhiza, by cytotoxic activity tests (Artemia salina Laech), antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002) and with Candida albicans yeast ATCC18804. Among the most active extracts were determined the levels of phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometry method. The extraction process was heat by the Soxhlet method, using organic solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic). extracts of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root stood out on the cytotoxic activity and the antioxidant tests, being the sprout from the root (DL50 473 and IC50 24,03 μg/mL) the most active of the two tests. The positive Action of these two extracts on the biological activities can be related to the presence of flavonoids evidenced by the high content found on the of the outer part of the root extracts 76,8% and sprout from the root 64,66%. The methanolic extracts of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root demonstrated high inhibitory power before the C. albicans yeast (halos of 18 and 25 mm) respectively. All the sprouts from the root extracts presented moderate inhibitory action against the growth of the Gram-negative E. coli and P. mirabilis bacteria with halos that varied between 10 and 17mm, and the methanolic extracts sprout from the root obtained high inhibitory power on the growth of P. mirabilis (halo 22 mm). The extracts‟ positive action of the outer part of the root and the sprout from the root against Gram-negative bacteria collaborates with the traditional knowledge that advocates the use of the S. exorrhiza roots in popular medicine for the sexually transmitted diseases (STD), which makes even higher the values of the results with these extracts. Another important finding in this work is the new record of occurrence of S. exorrhiza for the state of Roraima.The data herein presented is new and important in advancing knowledge about this palm tree, stimulating the continuity of deeper studies.
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Holloway, Andrew Charles. "Antimicrobial effects of white tea extracts in combination with putative adjuncts against 'Staphylococcus aureus' and other microbes of importance." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28229/.

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Previous studies have investigated biological activities of plant extracts and their subcomponent compounds as antimicrobial treatments. The addition of adjunct substances in varying combinations to such agents has also been shown to enhance their antimicrobial activities - a desirable outcome in the development of novel treatment substances to combat pathogens. Whole extracts of tea leaves processed in different ways to produce black, green and white tea types (BT, GT, WT) show different activities. In addition, the effects on pathogens of highly active GT extract rich in flavan-3-ols which are catechins have also been investigated alone and with additives and these can compare favourably with the activities of conventional antibiotics such as oxacillin and ciprofloxacin. However, relatively little attention has been paid to enhancing the activity of whole WT or its weak antimicrobial subcomponents. The activities of GT and BT were compared to the less researched white tea (WT). Principal tea flavan-3-ols were also screened for activity alone, and combined with a known antimicrobial agent copper(II)sulphate against 'Staphylococcus aureus' NCTC 06751. WT, a sub-fraction, (WTF
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Coelho, Maria Teresa Pita Pegado Gonçalves Rodrigues. "Estudos de propagação in vitro, caracterização e valorização de carqueja (Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9271.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The aim of this work was to develop methodologies for micropropagation and extraction of bioactive compounds from both wild gorse (Pterospartum tridentatum L.) and micropropagated gorse explants, as a means of valorisation of this species. Micropropagation was very effective on large scale propagation, having multiplication rates ranging from 1.6 to 43.9; number of shoots ranging from 1.5 to 10.4 and rooting above 96.7%. The extraction yield of aqueous extraction varied from 10.5 to 19.4 and 12.2 to 30.1% (w/w) for wild gorse and micropropagated gorse explants, respectively. Aqueous extracts showed high levels of total phenols, from 203.4 to 369.2 and 104.1 to 121.3 mg gallic acid eq g-1 ms, and FRAP antioxidant activity: 256-856 and 160-260 mmolFe2+ 100g-1 ms; DPPH: 1433-1551 and 1503-1509 mM Trolox 100g-1 ms for wild gorse and micropropagated gorse explants, respectively. Extracts showed no antifungal activity. However, these extracts showed inhibition of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan bioactive coatings with gorse extracts improved cherry postharvest preservation ability. The results allow topropose these methodologies to obtain extracts with bioactive properties from micropropagated material, without depleting natural resources
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Danesi, Francesca <1977&gt. "Biological effects of bioactive components and extracts derived from edible plants commonly used in human nutrition." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1596/.

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The main aim of this PhD research project was the evaluation of the biological effects of bioactive compounds derived from edible plants, with particular attention on their possibility to counteract oxidative damage and inflammation. After a preliminary study of in vitro antioxidant activity, regarding the modification eventually occurring after home freezing and cooking of edible vegetables, cultured mammalian cells were used as experimental model systems. Soluble extract and essential oils derived from different cultivars of Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae were tested as possible tools for the counteraction of the oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), underlining differences related to cultivar and agronomic techniques. Since accumulating evidence indicates that phytochemicals exhibit several additional properties in complex biological systems, a nutrigenomic approach was used to further explain the biological activity of a green tea extract, and to evidence the anti-inflammatory role of bioactive compounds derived from different foods. Overall, results obtained could contribute to a better understanding of the potential health benefit of plant foods.
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Al-Dahmani, Jaber Hamdan. "Biological control of Xanthomonas bacterial spot of tomato with compost amended mixes and compost water extracts /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195154356951.

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Books on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Hostettmann, K. Handbook of chemical and biological plant analytical methods. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014.

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D, Loike J., ed. Lignans: Chemical, biological, and clinical properties. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Tokusoglu, Ozlem. Fruit and cereal bioactives: Sources, chemistry, and applications. Boca Raton, [Fla.]: CRC Press, 2011.

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Polya, Gideon Maxwell. Biochemical targets of plant bioactive compounds: A pharmacological reference guide to sites of action and biological effects. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.

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Yue, Wu. Biologically-active compounds in seaweed extracts. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 1996.

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Whapham, C. A. Biologically active compounds in seaweed extracts. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 1995.

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Biopharmaceuticals in plants: Toward the next century of medicine. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Sheppard-Hanger, Sylla. The aromatherapy practitioner reference manual: A complete reference book of over 350 aromatic plant extracts, index of biologiclly active phytochemicals, clinical index and taxonomical index. Edited by Lisin Galina, Watt Martin, and Moyler David. Tampa, Florida: Atlantic Insitute of Aromatherapy, 1995.

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Owen, Jason P. Fruit and Pomace Extracts: Biological Activity, Potential Applications and Beneficial Health Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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Marston, Andrew, Kurt Hostettmann, Shilin Chen, and Hermann Stuppner. Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Lee, Sang-Hoon, and Se-Kwon Kim. "Biological Phlorotannins ofEisenia bicyclis." In Marine Algae Extracts, 453–64. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527679577.ch27.

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Vavilala, Sirisha L., and Jacinta S. D'Souza. "Algal Polysaccharides and Their Biological Applications." In Marine Algae Extracts, 411–52. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527679577.ch26.

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Pohl, Thomas. "Periodic Contraction Waves in Cytoplasmic Extracts." In Biological Motion, 85–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51664-1_6.

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Michalak, Izabela, and Katarzyna Chojnacka. "Production of Seaweed Extracts by Biological and Chemical Methods." In Marine Algae Extracts, 121–44. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527679577.ch7.

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Billet, Kevin, Magdalena Anna Malinowska, Thibaut Munsch, Marianne Unlubayir, Thomas Dugé de Bernonville, Sébastien Besseau, Vincent Courdavault, et al. "Stilbenoid-Enriched Grape Cane Extracts for the Biocontrol of Grapevine Diseases." In Progress in Biological Control, 215–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51034-3_9.

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Marston, A., and K. Hostettmann. "Biological and Chemical Evaluation of Plant Extracts and Subsequent Isolation Strategy." In Bioassay Methods in Natural Product Research and Drug Development, 67–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4810-8_6.

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Serrano, R., F. Carrapiço, and R. Vidal. "Haemagglutination Activity by Extracts of Symbiotic Bacteria Present in the System Azolla-Anabaena." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 175. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_79.

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Villarreal-López, José Luis, Jorge A. Aguirre-Joya, Lluvia I. López-López, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, José L. Martínez, José Sandoval, and Cristóbal Noé Aguilar. "Pecan Nut Extracts Obtained by Green Technologies: Antimicrobial Effect Against Foodborne Pathogens." In Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering, 145–54. Series statement: AAP research notes on chemical engineering: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429424137-10.

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Prakash, A. O. "Biological evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for contraceptive efficacy in females." In Future Aspects in Contraception, 115–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4916-4_11.

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Gressent, F., J. J. Bono, A. Niebel, H. Canut, J. V. Cullimore, and R. Ranjeva. "Characterization of a High Affinity Binding Site for NodRm Factors in Medicago varia Cell Culture Extracts." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 213–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_94.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Kim, Beom Soo. "Biological synthesis of nanomaterials using plant leaf extracts." In 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2013.6720982.

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"Phytochemical Analysis of Bioactive Extracts of Sclerocarya Birrea." In 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Sciences. International Academy of Arts, Science & Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a0515061.

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Hussain Al-Amiery, Ahmed, Raghda Wagaa, and Ali Al-Temimi. "Study the biological activities of Avena sativa extracts." In The 13th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-13-00254.

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"Antioxidant Activity in Some Citrus Leaves and Seeds Ethanolic Extracts." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0715026.

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"Testing the Insecticidal, Antifeedancy and Fungicidal Activity of Plant Extracts." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0715101.

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Mladenovic, Jelena, Veronika Markovic, Ljiljana Boskovic-Rakocevic, Milena Đuric, and Nenad Pavlovic. "ISPITIVANJE EKSTRAKATA ORIGANA DOBIJENIH RAZLIČITIM METODAMA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.407m.

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Oregano is used in the production of specific aromatic cheeses, meat products and dough dishes, for the production of medicinal preparations, fragrant soaps, colognes and perfumes. Special interest in oregano in recent years is related to the results of a study of its biological activities, which indicate a wide range of antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. The subject of this paper is the examination of extracts of plant species of oregano (Origanum vulgare), with the aim of determining the method that is most popular for extracting this plant species and which gives the best yields of extracts. The content of extracted substances in each extract, the content of vitamin C as well as the content of organic acids were determined.
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Bisio, A., P. Castagnola, I. Panfoli, M. Schito Anna, F. Pedrelli, B. Ruffoni, and N. De Tommasi. "Biological activities of extracts and constituents of Salvia tingitana Etl. (Lamiaceae)." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608080.

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"A review on the efficacy of various grape extracts on wound healing." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.158.

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"Cytotoxic Effect of a Mycelial extracts on Different Cell lines and Experimental Animals." In 5th International Conference on Food, Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Universal Researchers (UAE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.ae1216218.

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"Effect of Some Natural Extracts On Shelf Life of Chilled Lucioperca Lucioperca Fillets." In 5th International Conference on Food, Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Universal Researchers (UAE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.ae1216238.

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Reports on the topic "Biological extracts"

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Ra, Jong-Hwan, Masaya Nakamura, and Ju-Sung Kim. Effect of Solvent Concentration on Phenolic Content and Biological Activity of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Ethanol Leaf Extract. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/grabs2018.2.07.

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Ra, Jong-Hwan, Masaya Nakamura, and Ju-Sung Kim. Effect of Solvent Concentration on Phenolic Content and Biological Activity of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Ethanol Leaf Extract. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.02.07.

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Mendo, Tania, Sophie Smout, Johanna Ransijn, Ian Durbach, Paddy McCann, Swithun Crowe, Ariadna Carulla Fàbrega, Irene de Prado, and Mark James. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 8B final report identifying fishing activities and their associated drivers. Edited by Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23463.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] This Work Package (WP8B) of the SIFIDS project focused on vessels that are 12 m or under in length, use static gear (pots or creels), and primarily target lobsters (Homarus gammarus), crabs (Cancer pagurus and Necora puber), and prawns (Nephrops norvegicus). WP8B had two principal objectives: 1. Identify fishing activity profiles for static gear vessels in the inshore fleet prosecuting lobsters, crabs and nephrops. 2. Incorporate effort, biological data, socio-economic data, environmental data to understand fishing behaviour
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Roy, Madhumita. Black Tea Extract prevents 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced oral tumorigenesis in mice by targeting Protein Tyrosine Kinases and associated biological response. Science Repository OÜ, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2019.01.102.

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