Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biological Malaria

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biological Malaria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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Sabbatani, Sergio, Roberto Manfredi, and Sirio Fiorino. "Malaria infection and the anthropological evolution." Saúde e Sociedade 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902010000100006.

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During the evolution of the genus Homo, with regard to species habilis, erectus and sapiens, malaria infection played a key biological role, influencing the anthropological development too. Plasmodia causing malaria developed two kinds of evolution, according to a biological and philogenetical point of view. In particular, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale, would have either coevolved with human mankind (coevolution), or reached human species during the most ancient phases of genus Homo evolution. On the other hand, Plasmodium falciparum has been transmitted to humans by monkeys in a more recent period, probably between the end of Mesolithic and the beginning of Neolithic age. The authors show both direct and indirect biomolecular evidences of malaria infection, detected in buried subjects, dating to the Ancient World, and brought to light in the course of archeological excavations in some relevant Mediterranean sites. In this literature review the Authors organize present scientific evidences: these confirm the malarial role in affecting the evolution of populations in Mediterranean countries. The people living in several different regions on the Mediterranean Sea sides, the cradle of western civilization, have been progressively influenced by malaria, in the course of the spread of this endemic disease during the last millennia. In addition, populations affected by endemic malaria developed cultural, dietary and behaviour adaptations, contributing to decrease the risk of disease. These habits were not probably fully conscious. Nevertheless it may be thought that both these customs and biological modifications, caused by malarial plasmodia, favoured the emergence of groups of people with a greater resistance against malaria. All these considered factors decreased demographical impact, influencing in a favourable way the general development and growth of civilization.
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Simpson, Larry. "Malaria The Biological Terminator." Protist 153, no. 1 (March 2002): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1434-4610-00078.

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Etkin, Nina L. "The co-evolution of people, plants, and parasites: biological and cultural adaptations to malaria." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 2 (May 2003): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003244.

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The urgency generated by drug-resistant strains of malaria has accelerated anti-malarial drug research over the last two decades. While synthetic pharmaceutical agents continue to dominate research, attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. The present paper explores the larger context in which plant use occurs and considers how the selection of medicinal plants has evolved over millennia as part of the larger human effort to mediate illness. First attention is directed to indigenous medicinal plants whose anti-malarial activity is based on an oxidant mode of action, by which intracellular constituents lose electrons (become more electropositive). Next, parallels are drawn between these plant substances and a suite of malaria-protective genetic traits: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; haemoglobins S, C and E; α- and β-thalassemias. These erythrocyte anomalies are classic examples of Darwinian evolution, occurring in high frequency in populations who have experienced considerable selective pressure from malaria. Characterized by discrete loci and pathophysiologies, they are united through the phenomenon of increased erythrocyte oxidation. In this model, then, oxidant anti-malarial plants are culturally constructed analogues, and molecular mimics, of these genetic adaptations. To further reinforce the scheme, it is noted that the anti-malarial action of pharmaceutical agents such as chloroquine and mefloquine duplicates both the genetic anomalies and the folk therapeutic models based in oxidant plants. This discussion coheres around a theoretical foundation that relates plant secondary metabolites (oxidants) to plasmodial biochemistry and human biological and cultural adaptations to malaria. Co-evolution provides a theoretical link that illuminates how medical cultures manage the relationships among humans, plants, herbivores and their respective pathogens.
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Moumaris, Mohamed, Jean-Michel Bretagne, and Nisen Abuaf. "Biological Membranes and Malaria-Parasites." Open Parasitology Journal 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874421401907010001.

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Markus, Miles B. "Biological concepts in recurrentPlasmodium vivaxmalaria." Parasitology 145, no. 13 (March 22, 2018): 1765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201800032x.

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AbstractA curious aspect of the evolution of the hypnozoite theory of malarial relapse is its transmogrification from theory into ‘fact’, this being of historical, linguistic, scientific and sociological interest. As far as it goes, the hypnozoite explanation for relapse is almost certainly correct. I contend, however, that many of the genotypically homologous, non-reinfection, relapse-likePlasmodium vivaxrecurrences that researchers ascribe to hypnozoite activation are probably hypnozoite-independent. Indeed, some malariologists are starting to recognize that homologousP. vivaxrecurrences have most likely been overattributed to activation of hypnozoites. Hitherto identified, non-hypnozoite, possible plasmodial sources of recurrence that must be considered, besides circulating erythrocytic stages, include parasites in splenic dendritic cells, other cells in the spleen (in addition to infected erythrocytes there), bone marrow (importantly) and the skin. I argue that we need to take into account the possibility of a dual or multiple extra-vascular origin ofP. vivaxnon-reinfection recurrences, not arbitrarily discount it. The existence of aP. vivaxreservoir(s) is a topical subject and one of practical importance for malaria eradication. Pertinent drug-associated matters are also discussed, as is the dormancy-related significance of clues provided by blood-stage-induced malarial infection.
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Liu, Xiaoyan, Jianguo Cao, Guozheng Huang, Qingjie Zhao, and Jingshan Shen. "Biological Activities of Artemisinin Derivatives Beyond Malaria." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190122144217.

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Artemisinin is isolated from Artemisia annua L. with peroxide-containing sesquiterpene lactone structure. Because of its unique structural characteristics and promising anticancer, antivirus activities, it has recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of artemisinin's novel derivatives with new pharmaceutical effects beyond malaria with a focus on its antitumor and antivirus activity, as well as potential results of combination therapy with other clinical drugs.
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Ghosh, Mini, Abid Ali Lashari, and Xue-Zhi Li. "Biological control of malaria: A mathematical model." Applied Mathematics and Computation 219, no. 15 (April 2013): 7923–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2013.02.053.

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Kamareddine, Layla. "The Biological Control of the Malaria Vector." Toxins 4, no. 9 (September 19, 2012): 748–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins4090748.

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Joste, Valentin, Laurine Maurice, Gwladys I. Bertin, Agnès Aubouy, Farid Boumédiène, Sandrine Houzé, Daniel Ajzenberg, et al. "Identification of Plasmodium falciparum and host factors associated with cerebral malaria: description of the protocol for a prospective, case-control study in Benin (NeuroCM)." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e027378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027378.

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IntroductionIn 2016, an estimated 216 million cases and 445 000 deaths of malaria occurred worldwide, in 91 countries. In Benin, malaria causes 26.8% of consultation and hospitalisation motif in the general population and 20.9% in children under 5 years old.The goal of the NeuroCM project is to identify the causative factors of neuroinflammation in the context of cerebral malaria. There are currently very few systematic data from West Africa on the aetiologies and management of non-malarial non-traumatic coma in small children, and NeuroCM will help to fill this gap. We postulate that an accurate understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation may help to define efficient strategies to prevent and manage cerebral malaria.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, case-control study comparing cerebral malaria to uncomplicated malaria and non-malarial non-traumatic coma. This study takes place in Benin, precisely in Cotonou for children with coma and in Sô-Ava district for children with uncomplicated malaria. We aim to include 300 children aged between 24 and 71 months and divided in three different clinical groups during 12 months (from December 2017 to November 2018) with a 21 to 28 days follow-up for coma. Study data, including clinical, biological and research results will be collected and managed using CSOnline-Ennov Clinical.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the NeuroCM study has been obtained fromComité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en santéof Benin (n°67/MS/DC/SGM/DRFMT/CNERS/SA; 10/17/2017). NeuroCM study has also been approved byComité consultatif de déontologie et d’éthiqueof Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD; 10/24/2017). The study results will be disseminated through the direct consultations with the WHO’s Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (TDR-MIM) and Roll Back Malaria programme, through scientific meetings and peer-reviewed publications in scientific or medical journals, and through guidelines and booklets.
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Dalko, Esther, Bidyut Das, Fabien Herbert, Constantin Fesel, Sulabha Pathak, Rina Tripathy, Pierre-André Cazenave, Balachandran Ravindran, Shobhona Sharma, and Sylviane Pied. "Multifaceted Role of Heme during Severe Plasmodium falciparum Infections in India." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 10 (July 13, 2015): 3793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00531-15.

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Several immunomodulatory factors are involved in malaria pathogenesis. Among them, heme has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of severe malaria in rodents, but its role in human severe malaria remains unclear. Circulating levels of total heme and its main scavenger, hemopexin, along with cytokine/chemokine levels and biological parameters, including hemoglobin and creatinine levels, as well as transaminase activities, were measured in the plasma of 237Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients living in the state of Odisha, India, where malaria is endemic. All patients were categorized into well-defined groups of mild malaria, cerebral malaria (CM), or severe noncerebral malaria, which included acute renal failure (ARF) and hepatopathy. Our results show a significant increase in total plasma heme levels with malaria severity, especially for CM and malarial ARF. Spearman rank correlation and canonical correlation analyses have shown a correlation between total heme, hemopexin, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) levels. In addition, canonical correlations revealed that heme, along with IP-10, was associated with the CM pathophysiology, whereas both IP-10 and MCP-1 together with heme discriminated ARF. Altogether, our data indicate that heme, in association with cytokines and chemokines, is involved in the pathophysiology of both CM and ARF but through different mechanisms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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Theron, Dirk Leopold. "The biological control of malaria mosquito larvae using smaller indigenous freshwater fish species." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2611.

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Anderson, Laura Fay. "Malaria proteins implicated in host-parasite interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1965.

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The invasive and transmission stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum express several proteins with domains implicated in host-parasite interactions, that are potential vaccine candidates or drug targets. The expression patterns of two proteins PfTRAMP (Plasmodium Related Apical Merozoite Protein) and PCRAGS (Plasmodium cysteine related antigen of gametocytes and schizonts), containing such putative domains, are examined and their potential roles in merozoite invasion and egress are discussed. PfTRAMP has a possible role in merozoite invasion. Transcription occurs in mature schizonts as shown by Northern blot. Recombinant protein was successfully expressed in insect cells indicating that this eukaryotic system can be utilised for the expression of Plasmodium proteins. PCRAGS is a member of the Plasmodium Cysteine Repeat Modular Proteins (PCRMPs), a family of high molecular weight proteins with highly conserved, cysteine-rich regions and multipass transmembrane domains. The gene encodes a signal sequence, a truncated extracellular domain, an EGF-like domain and a multipass-transmembrane domain. PCRAGS is highly conserved in Plasmodium spp and other Apicomplexa. The extracellular domain has been under purifying selection, suggesting that the sequence or the structure of this domain is important for function. The gene is transcribed throughout the asexual erythrocytic cycle and is expressed in both gametocytes and schizonts in P. falciparum and in the rodent malaria P.berghei. Antibodies raised against a short peptide in the C-terminus detect PfCRAGS during schizont rupture and in mature segmenting schizonts but not in merozoites. Western blotting showed that PfCRAGS is present in the membrane fraction. Co-localisation studies showed that PfCRAGS is associated with the infected erythrocyte membrane, suggesting a role in merozoite egress. PfCRAGS is also expressed in stage II-IV male gametocytes in association with a membrane and is the earliest known male specific protein expressed. Gene knock-out of pbcrags in P. berghei showed that PbCRAGS is not essential for asexual development. In vivo evaluation of phenotype showed that pbcrags knock-out parasites are less virulent than wildtype parasites and have an increased gametocyte production in a non-susceptible host. The unique expression and localisation pattern of PfCRAGS in combination with putative host-parasite binding domains implicate this novel protein as a potential vaccine candidate or drug target.
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Wall, Bridget (Bridget Anne). "Engineered tools for studying the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98923.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF student-submitted version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 120-136).
New techniques to both prevent and treat the disease malaria are necessary. To develop these novel strategies, innovative tools must be designed to study the basic biology within Plasmodium falciparum and characteristics of the pathological relationship between host and parasite. These tools will be diverse in nature, yet all seek to address the same fundamental question: what are the characteristics of the parasite that can be exploited to decrease the burden this parasite places on the human species? First, the relationship between nitric oxide and the parasite-infected red blood cell will be measured using a microfluidic device. Second, a toolkit to determine the essentiality of genes of unknown function will be engineered and tested with three separate genes to improve and demonstrate usability. Third, a mutator strain will be engineered and defined for eventual use in the study of drug resistance and the characterization of the resistance potential of anti-malarial drugs.
by Bridget Wall.
Ph. D.
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Ng, Shengyong. "Engineering human hepatic tissue for modeling liver-stage malaria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90150.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 132-153).
The Plcsmodium liver stage is an attractive target for the development of antimalarial drugs and vaccines, as it provides an opportunity to interrupt the life cycle of the parasite at a critical early stage. However, targeting the liver stage has been difficult due to a lack of human liver models that robustly recapitulate host-pathogen interactions in a physiologically relevant cell type. Through the application of hepatic tissue engineering concepts and techniques, this thesis sought to develop advanced models of liver-stage malaria that will allow the facile interrogation of potential antimalarial drugs in primary human hepatocytes. In the first part of this work, we established liver-stage Plasmodium infection in an engineered microscale human liver platform based on micropatterned cocultures of primary human hepatocytes and supportive stromal cells, enabling medium-throughput phenotypic screens for potential antimalarial drugs in a more authentic host cell, and demonstrated the utility of this model for malaria vaccine testing. We further hypothesized and showed that recapitulation of a more physiologically relevant oxygen tension that is experienced by hepatocytes in vivo improved infection rates and parasite growth in vitro. Next, we demonstrated the feasibility of establishing liver-stage malaria infections in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs), thus enabling the study of host genetic variation on liver-stage malaria infection and antimalarial drug responses. We also applied recently discovered small molecules to induce further hepatic maturation, thus increasing the utility of using iHLCs for antimalarial drug development. Finally, we designed and provided a proof-of-concept for a humanized mouse model of liver-stage malaria that involves the fabrication and ectopic implantation of PEG-cryogel-based engineered human artificial livers, and can be generated in a facile, rapid and scalable fashion for future preclinical antimalarial drug testing in vivo. The results of this research represent a three-pronged approach towards engineering scalable human liver models that recapitulate liver-stage malaria infection which may ultimately facilitate antimalarial drug discovery at various stages of the drug development pipeline.
by Shengyong Ng.
Ph. D.
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Long, Gráinne Helen. "Immunopathology and virulence evolution in rodent malaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1962.

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From an evolutionary perspective, natural selection is expected to maximize transmission to new hosts. If a live, mobile host often benefits parasite transmission, the question arises as to why malaria parasites are virulent? The favoured trade-off view of virulence evolution assumes that virulence arises as an unavoidable consequence of parasite resource exploitation within the host that is necessary to maximise parasite transmission. However, virulence is not always a simple function of parasite density and can arise as a result of immune-mediated virulence (immunopathology). This thesis explores how immunopathology contributes to virulence on the one hand, and parasite transmission on the other, in order to improve our understanding of parasite virulence evolution. In tackling this question, the role parasite genetic diversity plays in determining immunopathology induced during malaria infection was also addressed. Using the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (P.c.c.) in C57BL/6 mice, I explored whether immune factors – in terms of specific host cytokines central to the protection-pathology balancing act of the immune response elicited against malaria parasites – help to determine the virulence induced during infection with genetically distinct parasites, and if so, what effect this may have on transmission-stage parasites. I showed that the cytokine milieu induced by P.c.c. parasites during primary infection varies with parasite genotype and that virulence can arise independent of parasite density, via immunopathology. Specifically, I showed propensity to induce the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-a contributes to the virulence induced, regardless of P.c.c. clone. Importantly, I also showed that across P.c.c. genotype, TNF-a reduces the density of transmission-stage parasites. Thus, virulence is not always a simple function of parasite replication, having an immune-mediated component which acts to reduce transmission potential. The importance of parasite genotype in determining the degree of immunopathological virulence induced during malaria infection was revealed by studying the anti-inflammatory arm of the immune response. The extent to which the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin [IL]-10 or transforming growth factor [TGF]-b limited the immunopathology induced during P.c.c. infection depended on parasite clone. In addition, parasite genotype played a key role in determining how such anti-inflammatory manipulations affected the density of transmission-stage parasites; being detrimental, beneficial or incidental to parasite fitness, depending on P.c.c. clone. Although the general mechanisms of immune regulation are qualitatively unchanged across distinct P.c.c. clones, these data emphasize the importance of parasite genotype: distinct clones differ quantitatively in immune regulation, which contributes towards their distinct virulence and fitness schedules. Overall, I found that even within a parasite species – in this case P. chabaudi – the effect of immunopathology on the virulence-transmissibility relationship may be genetically variable and may not conform to that predicted by the trade-off hypothesis, having the potential to alter the costs and benefits of virulence, depending on parasite genotype. Thus, the host immune response may play a role shaping virulence evolution and defining the limit to malaria virulence in nature.
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Goldfless, Stephen J. (Stephen Jacob). "Engineering control of eukaryotic translation with application to the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88903.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-130).
Experimenter control of target gene expression is a fundamental component of molecular biology research. In many systems, tools exist that allow generalizable control of gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Plasmodium falciparum, the protozoan parasite responsible for the majority of death and sickness due to malaria, remains challenging to manipulate in the laboratory. No robust and generalizable tool for gene expression control has been developed in the parasite. To address this need, we engineered a new system for control of protein translation in eukarvotes, and applied it to P. falciparum. This system is based on the ligand-regulated interaction between an RNA aptamers and the TetR-repressor protein. Although such protein-RNA interactions are abundant in nature and are known to effectively mediate control of gene expression, our system is unique in its direct modulation by an exogenous chemical. By genetically encoding TetR-binding RNA aptamers in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA, translation of a downstream coding sequence is repressed by TetR in vivo and induced upon adding a non-toxic tetracycline analog. We first define the system's component molecular interactions in vitro, followed by optimization of the constituent parts for convenience and performance. We then further optimize the system and validate its performance in two model systems, the budding yeast Saccharomvces cerevisiae and cell-free rabbit reticulocyte extracts. We show the broad utility of the system in P. falciparum for controlling expression of reporter and endogenous proteins trafficked to a variety of subcellular compartments. Induction and repression are rapid and homogeneous across the cell population. Placing a drug resistance determinant tinder inducible control, we are able to modulate P. falciparum drug sensitivity, demonstrating the usefulness of the system for controlling relevant parasite biology. In the process of constructing and validating a novel tool for gene expression in P. falciparum. we built a new series of gene expression vectors for molecular biology work in the parasite. In addition to developing optimized protocols for plasmid construction, we built a standardized, sequence-defined family of plasmids for malaria research. In all, we present a generalizable, well-defined toolkit for genetic programming of P. falciparum.
by Stephen J. Goldfless.
Ph. D.
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Birch, Christina M. (Christina Marie). "Identification of malaria parasite-infected red blood cell aptamers by inertial microfluidics SELEX." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98922.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-103).
Malaria kills over 500,000 people annually, the majority of whom are children under five years old in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease is caused by several parasite species, of which Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the highest mortality. The clinical manifestations of malaria are associated with the phase of infection where parasites develop within red blood cells (RBCs). Infected RBCs can adhere to the host microvasculature, triggering inflammatory responses in affected organs that contribute to the pathophysiology of life threatening cerebral malaria and pregnancy-associated malaria. The expression of specific Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) variants on the RBC surface is associated with severe disease, such as VAR2CSA-mediated placental sequestration during pregnancy-associated malaria. While parasite proteins expressed on the surface of infected RBCs are linked to disease pathogenesis, this surface proteome is poorly characterized. Identifying parasite-derived antigens on the infected RBC surface could facilitate diagnosis, monitoring, and prevention of sequestration. To interrogate the infected RBC surface proteome, we require a panel of affinity reagents that robustly distinguish the parasite-derived proteins from the elaborate RBC surface milieu. Nucleic acid aptamers are widely used in biological applications for their high specificity and affinity to targets and are highly suitable for malaria applications. Efficiently generating aptamers against complex targets-such as whole cells-remains a challenge. Here we develop a novel strategy (I-SELEX) that utilizes inertial focusing in spiral microfluidic channels to stringently partition cells from unbound oligonucleotides. We use I-SELEX to efficiently discover high affinity aptamers that selectively recognize distinct epitopes present on target cells. Using first an engineered RBC model displaying a non-native antigen and, second, live malaria parasite-infected RBCs as targets, we establish suitability of this strategy for de novo aptamer selections. We demonstrate recovery of a diverse set of aptamers that recognize distinct epitopes on parasite-infected RBCs with nanomolar affinity, including an aptamer against the protein responsible for placental sequestration, VAR2CSA. These findings validate I-SELEX as a broadly applicable aptamer discovery platform that enables identification of new reagents for mapping the parasite-infected RBC surface proteome at higher molecular resolution to potentially contribute to malaria diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccine efforts.
by Christina M. Birch.
Ph. D.
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Pattaradilokrat, Sittiporn. "Linkage group selection to investigate genetic determinants of complex traits of malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3139.

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Malaria parasites of the species infecting humans and animal hosts exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity. Some of this diversity, including the responses to anti-malarial drugs, growth rate and virulence and antigenic variability, is medically significant. This is because these phenotypes may determine the existence and survival of the parasites in the host and, in turn, contribute to the clinical outcome of infection. Understanding of the biological characteristics and the genetic basis underlying these complex phenotypes can thus lead to the development of effective control strategies against the disease, such as anti-malarial drugs and vaccines. Genetic studies in rodent malaria parasites have proved useful in providing insights into the genetic determinants of these complex traits and thus can be used to complement the study of human malaria. The present studies aim to investigate genetic determinants underlying two major medically important phenotypes, Strain Specific Protective Immunity (SSPI) and Growth rate, using the newly devised genetic method of Linkage Group Selection (LGS). The results presented here relate to the accomplishment of these aims. LGS analysis of SSPI using a genetic cross between clones AJ and CB-pyr10 of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi has identified a single region on chromosome 8 containing the gene for the Merozoite Surface Protein-1 as encoding a major target of SSPI. A similar finding was also obtained in a previous LGS study using a different genetic cross between clones AS-pyr1 and CB of P. c. chabaudi (Martinelli et al., 2005). Hence, the results of two independent studies strongly indicate that a single locus within the parasite genome contains a major target antigen, or antigens, of SSPI against P. c. chabaudi malaria. These results have particular relevance for research on SSPI in human malaria and the choice of candidate antigens for malaria vaccine development. LGS analysis of growth rate conducted upon a genetic cross between a fast-growing line, 17XYM, and a slow-growing line, 33XC, of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii has identified a ~ 1 megabase pair region on P. y. yoelii chromosome 13 as containing a major genetic determinant(s) of growth rate in these malaria parasites. This is consistent with the finding of the classical linkage analysis by Walliker et al., (1976), that growth rate in P. y. yoelii is mainly determined at a single genetic locus. Because the fast-growing line 17XYM arose spontaneously during infection with a mild strain of P. y. yoelii 17X, identification of parasites with a slow growth rate phenotype derived from the same genetic stock as 17XYM can be useful in determining genes underlying growth rate in these malaria parasites. It has been shown here that parasites of the P. y. yoelii lines 17X consist of two completely distinct genotypes. One is represented by the fast-growing line, 17XYM, and a slow-growing line of P. y. yoelii, 17XNIMR. The other is represented by another slow-growing line 17XA. Comparing the region of P. y. yoelii chromosome 13 under strong growth selection between the two congenic lines, 17XYM and 17XNIMR, could lead to the identification of the gene(s) controlling growth rate differences in these two parasite lines. Such findings could be relevant to the location of genetic determinants of growth rate in human malaria.
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Salas, Fernandez Paloma. "Synthesis and biological activity of chloroquine ferrocenyl conjugates for the treatment of malaria." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43009.

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Abshire, James R. (James Robbins). "Development of novel chemical biology tools to probe malaria parasite physiology and aid in antimalarial drug discovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98921.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Malaria remains a major burden to global public health. Antimalarial drugs are a mainstay in efforts to control and eventually eradicate this disease. However, increasing drug resistance threatens to reverse recent gains in malaria control, making the discovery of new antimalarials critical. Antimalarial discovery is especially challenging due to the unique biology of malaria parasites, the scarcity of tools for identifying new drug targets, and the poorly understood mechanisms of action of existing antimalarials. Therefore, this work describes the development of two chemical biology tools to address unmet needs in antimalarial drug discovery. A particular challenge in antimalarial development is a shortage of validated parasite drug targets. Potent antimalarials with demonstrated clinical efficacy, like the aminoquinolines and artemisinins, represent a promising basis for rational drug development. Unfortunately, the molecular targets of these drugs have not been identified. While both are thought to interact with parasite heme, linking in vitro heme binding with drug potency remains challenging because labile heme is difficult to quantify in live cells. This work presents a novel genetically-encoded heme biosensor and describes its application to quantify labile heme in live malaria parasites and test mechanisms of antimalarial action. Another challenge is posed by the widespread malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax, which, unlike P. falciparum, cannot be propagated in vitro, hindering research into parasite biology and drug target identification. P. vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes, which are impractical to obtain in continuous supply. The basis for this invasion tropism remains incompletely understood, mainly because current tools cannot directly link molecular binding events to invasion outcomes. This work presents novel methods for immobilizing synthetic receptors on the red blood cell surface. These receptors are used in proof-of-concept experiments to investigate requirements for efficient invasion via a well-characterized P. falciparum invasion pathway, suggesting this method can be used to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying parasite invasion tropisms. Future receptor designs could promote the invasion of P. vivax into mature red blood cells and potentially facilitate practical in vitro culture. Taken together, these tools present new opportunities for drug discovery to aid efforts in malaria control and eventual eradication.
by James R. Abshire.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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The mosquito war. New York: Tor, 2004.

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The mosquito war. New York: Forge, 2001.

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Nordin, M. Kepelbagaian biologi dan pemuliharaannya. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1991.

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Eaton, John W. Malaria & the Red Cell (Progress in Clinical & Biological Resear). John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2000.

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Gregory, Bock, Cardew Gail, Novartis Foundation, and Symposium on Transport and Trafficking in the Malaria-Infected Erythrocyte (1999 : London, England), eds. Transport and trafficking in the malaria-infected erythrocyte. Chichester: John Wiley, 1999.

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Transport and Trafficking in the Malaria-Infected Erythrocyte - No. 226. John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

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Pombi, Marco, David Modiano, and Gilberto Corbellini. Malaria eradication in Italy: the story of a first success. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0013.

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The Italian experience represents a historical example that education and sociopolitical vision can effectively contribute to the conquest of malaria. Until the end of 19th century, the infection spread mostly in the Central and Southern parts of Italy, with about 7 percent of the population affected and 20,000 annual deaths. Malaria showed different facies, owing to a complex vectorial system with remarkable ecological and behavioral differences. With the involvement of a critical mass of scientists and physicians, the etiology of malaria and the biological and socioeconomics determinants of the transmission dynamics were identified. This provided the opportunity to break the “malaria transmission chain” by an integrated approach. Moreover, Italy was the first country to develop special legislation for the fight against malaria, representing an example of integration between scientific, political, social and economic knowledge. In 1970, after decades of fight, the World Health Organization officially declared Italy free from malaria.
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Malaria and the red cell 2: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Malaria and the Red Cell, held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 24, 1988 (Progress in clinical and biological research). A.R. Liss, 1989.

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MacAlister, V. A. The Mosquito War. Tor Books, 2004.

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François, Boller, and Fondation IPSEN pour la recherche thérapeutíque., eds. Biological markers of Alzheimer's disease. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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Ricotta, Emily, and Jennifer Kwan. "Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria as a Global Catastrophic Biological Threat." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 33–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_163.

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Feagin, Jean E., Michelle A. Wurscher, Ceon Ramon, and Henry C. Lai. "Magnetic Fields and Malaria." In Biologic Effects of Light 1998, 343–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5051-8_56.

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Sung, Christopher, Che Ishak, Rosazlin Abdullah, Radziah Othman, Qurban Panhwar, and Md Aziz. "Soil Properties (Physical, Chemical, Biological, Mechanical)." In Soils of Malaysia, 103–54. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315277189-6.

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Sung, Christopher Teh Boon, Che Fauziah Ishak, Rosazlin Abdullah, Radziah Othman, Qurban Ali Panhwar, and Md Maniruzzaman A. Aziz. "Soil Properties (Physical, Chemical, Biological, Mechanical)." In Soils of Malaysia, 103–54. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21934-5.

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Fernández, M. M., I. Colomer, P. Medina, A. Fereres, P. del Estal, and E. Viñuela. "Can pesticide-treated nets be a tool in IPM of horticultural crops?" In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Langkawi, Malaysia, September 11-15, 2017, 330–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394118.0330.

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"Malaria Vectors." In Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions, 442–45. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520948433-098.

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Valkiunas, Gediminas. "Haemosporidians as Biological Tags in Bird Population Studies." In Avian Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia, 173–79. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203643792.ch13.

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MANDAL, SANDIP, and SOMDATTA SINHA. "DOES SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS VALIDATE BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF PARAMETERS IN MODEL DEVELOPMENT? REVISITING TWO BASIC MALARIA MODELS." In Mathematical Biology and Biological Physics, 187–203. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813227880_0011.

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Cui, Liwang, Awtum Brashear, Lynette Menezes, and John Adams. "Elimination of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Problems and Solutions." In Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96604.

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Malaria is caused by multiple parasitic species of the genus Plasmodium. Although P. falciparum accounts for the highest mortality, P. vivax is the most geographically dispersed and the most common species outside of Africa. Several unique biological features make P. vivax less responsive to conventional control measures and allow it to persist even after elimination of P. falciparum. The ability of P. vivax to develop in diverse vectors at lower ambient temperatures bestows it a greater distribution range and resilience to ecological changes. Its tropism for reticulocytes often causes low-density infections below the levels detectable by routine diagnostic tests, demanding the development of more sensitive diagnostics. P. vivax produces gametocytes early enabling transmission before the manifestation of clinical symptoms, thus emphasizing the need for an integrated vector control strategy. More importantly, its dormant liver stage which engenders relapse is difficult to diagnose and treat. The deployment of available treatments for the liver hypnozoites, including primaquine and the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved tafenoquine, requires point-of-care diagnostics to detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among endemic human populations. Here we review the continued challenges to effectively control P. vivax and explore integrated technologies and targeted strategies for the elimination of vivax malaria.
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Aigbiremo Oboh, Mary, Mamadou Ndiath, Olumide Ajibola, Kolapo Oyebola, and Alfred Amambua-Ngwa. "Increased Trends of P. vivax in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Does it Mean for Malaria Elimination?" In Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97189.

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Plasmodium vivax being the most geographically spread Plasmodium species is considered sparsely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) while P. falciparum is the most prevalent species in this region. Thus, control strategies in sSA have been disproportionately targeted towards falciparum malaria. Nevertheless, with the use of more sensitive malaria diagnostic platforms, there are more reports of P. vivax and other non-falciparum malaria in sSA. In addition, P. vivax is presumed benign, however there are new findings of severe cases recorded from P. vivax single or mixed infection with other Plasmodium species. Besides, the extended dormant period (lasting for weeks or months) is a challenge for achieving effective cure for vivax infections. Although, chloroquine has been proscribed for treatment P. falciparum, it still remains the drug of choice for P. vivax in most Asian countries where it is predominant. In sSA, artemisinin combination-based therapies (ACTs) are used for treatment of falciparum malaria and, it is probable that the use of ACT could be enhancing adaptive selection for P. vivax in the face of its increasing prevalence in the population. Hence, understanding epidemiological and biological factors, and data that could be contributing to the observed steady increase in P. vivax prevalence in sSA is important. In this chapter, we discuss the mechanisms for invasion of red blood cells, trends in increasing prevalence of vivax malaria, diagnostic tools, and the public health implications of P. vivax and P. falciparum co-endemicity in Africa.
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Conference papers on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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Armani, Andrea M., Dongyu Chen, Samantha E. McBirney, Kristina Kaypaghian, Holly Huber, and Hossein Ameri. "A portable optical diagnostic system for rapid malaria screening." In Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XI, edited by Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss, and Amos Danielli. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2506924.

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Soboleva, E. S., V. S. Fedorova, V. A. Burlak, M. V. Sharakhova, and G. N. Artemov. "INVERSION POLYMORPHISM OF NATURAL POPULATIONS ANOPHELES BEKLEMISHEVI STEGNII ET KABANOVA IN WESTERN SIBERIA." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-35.

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The geographical distribution and inversion polymorphism of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii et Kabanova in the West Siberia were investigated. X chromosome homozygous cytotypes were defined by fluorescent in situ hybridization of microdissected DNA-probe, labeling the breakpoints region of X chromosome inversions. For the first time the samples, which are homozygous and hemizygous by inversions X1 и X2 were detected. Cytotypes representation and frequencies have not differences between northern and southern (Altay) population of the malaria mosquitoes.
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Fedorova, V. S., V. A. Burlak, and G. N. Artemov. "SPECIES COMPOSITION OF NEMATODES ON MALARIA MOSQUITOES OF THE TOMSK REGION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-81.

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The species composition of nematodes and their vectors were analyzed in the Tomsk region. It has been shown that all three species of malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles messeae s.s., An. daciae and An. beklemishevi, can transmit Dirofilaria repens in 89% of confirmed cases. The species-specific infection of the intermediate host with dirofilarias depends on the geographical location.
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Padidar, Marjan, and Kamran Safavi. "Using remote sensing for risk mapping of malaria: A review of remote sensing approaches in environment." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbee.2010.5651020.

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Yamaguchi, T., H. Kondo, Y. Imai, and T. Ishikawa. "Microvascular disorders induced by malaria infected red blood cells: a computational mechanical study using the biological particle method." In BIOMED 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bio090051.

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Iswari, Retno Sri, R. Susanti, and Muchamad Dafip. "Vitamin A modulation toward IL-12, IFN-γ production and macrophage activity in malaria disease." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953523.

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Kawulur, Hanna S. I., Hana Krismawati, and Clara Imaniar. "Screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in two high endemic malaria populations, West Papua province and North Moluccas." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017808.

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Jontari, Hutagalung, Hari Kusnanto, Supargiyono, Purwono, Sadewa Ahmad Hamim, Darojatun Ida, Satyagraha Ari Winasti, et al. "A sticky situation: From malaria pre-elimination to gene mutation Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) in Eastern Indonesia." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953501.

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Abbasi, Ali A., M. T. Ahmadian, Ali Alizadeh, and S. Tarighi. "Application of Hyperelastic Models in Mechanical Properties Prediction of Mouse Oocyte and Embryo Cells at Large Deformations." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65034.

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Biological cell studies have many applications in biology, cell manipulation and diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and malaria. In this study, inverse finite element method (IFEM) combined with Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm has been used to extract and characterize material properties of mouse oocyte and embryo cells at large deformations. Then, the simulation results have been validated using data from experimental works. In this study, it is assumed cell material is hyperelastic, isotropic, homogenous and axisymmetric. For inverse analysis, FEM model of cell injection experiment which implemented in Abaqus software has been coupled with Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm written in Matlab; based on this coupling the optimum hyperelastic coefficients which give the best match between experimental and simulated forces are extracted. Results show that among different hyperelastic material models, Ogden material is well suitable for characterization of mouse oocyte cell and Mooney-Rivlin or polynomial are suitable for characterization of mouse embryo cell. Moreover the evaluated Poisson ratio of the cell is obtained to be equal to 0.5, which indicates the structural material of mouse oocyte and embryo, are compressible.
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"The Biological Treatment of Young Leachate Using an Anaerobic-Aerobic Process." In March 13-14, 2018 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). ERPUB, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.er0318209.

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Reports on the topic "Biological Malaria"

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Oakley, Miranda S. Molecular Factors and Biological Pathways Associated with Malaria Fever and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Malaria. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014029.

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Ager, Jr, and Arba L. Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents Against Malaria, Drugs, Diet, and Biological Response Modifiers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253315.

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Swaby, James A., James C. McAvin, and Ratree Takhampunya. Test and Evaluation of Field-Deployable Infectious Disease Diagnostic Assays in Support of the Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnosis System (JBAIDS): Malaria (Plasmodium/JBAIDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562427.

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