Academic literature on the topic 'Biological specimens, collection and preservation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Utpal Kumar Biswas, Nashid Tabassum Khan, Mohammad Ahad Hossain, and Abdul Kader. "Collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for toxicological analysis in medico legal autopsy cases." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 1, Number 2 (July 1, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0102.07.
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Collection of proper autopsy specimen is an essential step in the process of toxicology case work. Improper collection of these specimens can greatly alter or negate chemical and toxicological analysis. This article is an update about the standard methods of biological specimen collection procedures for toxicological analysis which will be helpful for the forensic pathologist and forensicscientists.
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McLachlan, Rowan H., Kerri L. Dobson, Emily R. Schmeltzer, Rebecca Vega Thurber, and Andréa G. Grottoli. "A review of coral bleaching specimen collection, preservation, and laboratory processing methods." PeerJ 9 (July 8, 2021): e11763. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11763.
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Under current climate warming predictions, the future of coral reefs is dire. With projected coral reef decline, it is likely that coral specimens for bleaching research will increasingly become a more limited resource in the future. By adopting a holistic approach through increased collaborations, coral bleaching scientists can maximize a specimen’s investigative yield, thus reducing the need to remove more coral material from the reef. Yet to expand a specimen’s utility for additional analytic methods, information on how corals are collected is essential as many methods are variably sensitive to upstream handling and processing. In an effort to identify common practices for coral collection, sacrifice, preservation, and processing in coral bleaching research, we surveyed the literature from the last 6.5 years and created and analyzed the resulting dataset of 171 publications. Since January 2014, at least 21,890 coral specimens were collected for bleaching surveys or bleaching experiments. These specimens spanned 122 species of scleractinian corals where the most frequently sampled were Acropora millepora, Pocillopora damicornis, and Stylophora pistillata. Almost 90% of studies removed fragments from the reef, 6% collected skeletal cores, and 3% collected mucus specimens. The most common methods for sacrificing specimens were snap freezing with liquid nitrogen, chemical preservation (e.g., with ethanol or nucleic acid stabilizing buffer), or airbrushing live fragments. We also characterized 37 distinct methodological pathways from collection to processing of specimens in preparation for a variety of physiological, -omic, microscopy, and imaging analyses. Interestingly, almost half of all studies used only one of six different pathways. These similarities in collection, preservation, and processing methods illustrate that archived coral specimens could be readily shared among researchers for additional analyses. In addition, our review provides a reference for future researchers who are considering which methodological pathway to select to maximize the utility of coral bleaching specimens that they collect.
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Das, Arabinda, Arunprasad Gunasekaran, Heather R. Stephens, Penny Sekerak, Joseph Mark, Daniel G. McDonald, Milad Yazdani, et al. "QLTI-02. AUTOMATED INTRAOPERATIVE RESECTION TECHNOLOGY GENERATES INCREASED TISSUE YIELD AND IMPROVED BIOLOGICAL PRESERVATION OF BRAIN TUMOR SPECIMENS FOR NEURO-ONCOLOGY RESEARCH." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.904.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive tumor showing extensive intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. While preserving as much surrounding normal brain tissue as possible, neurosurgeons must aim to harvest maximal tumor tissue from a variety of tumor locations in an effort to capture heterogenic samples in high volume for molecular and pathologic diagnosis and translational research. A key challenge is the ability to consistently procure high-quality biologically active specimens. In this investigation, we implemented an automated intraoperative system to eliminate inconsistencies in the methodology of tissue collection, handling, and biological preservation immediately in the OR suite to establish a repeatable, standardized practice for obtaining high-quality tissue samples without the need for additional staff. Through this process, we were able to characterize matched specimens from GB patients or GB tumors from corresponding GB-allograft mice and compare the quality of traditional handling and collection processes of intraoperative tissue used in most neurosurgical operating rooms versus an automated resection, collection, and biological preservation system (APS) that captures, preserves, and biologically maintains tissue in a prescribed and controlled microenvironment. Matched specimens/or tissues were then processed in parallel at various time points and temperatures, evaluating viability, RNA and protein concentrations, and isolation of GB cell lines. We found that APS-derived GB slices stored in an APS modified medium remained viable and maintained high-quality RNA and protein concentration for up to 24 hours. Our results showed that primary GB cell cultures derived in this manner had improved growth over the widely used collection and preservation methods. Currently, we are continuing the investigation of collected samples in brain tumor animal models to further understand potential differences within the tumor region harvested and the cellular changes that occur over time. Our hope is this research will lead to new discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
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Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andres, and Jeremy Abraham Miller. "Old Brains in Alcohol: The Usability of Legacy Collection Material to Study the Spider Neuroarchitecture." Diversity 13, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110601.
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Natural history collections include rare and significant taxa that might otherwise be unavailable for comparative studies. However, curators must balance the needs of current and long-term research. Methods of data extraction that minimize the impact on specimens are therefore favored. Micro-CT has the potential to expose new character systems based on internal anatomy to taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis without dissection or thin sectioning for histology. However, commonly applied micro-CT protocols involve critical point drying, which permanently changes the specimen. Here, we apply a minimally destructive method of specimen preparation for micro-CT investigation of spider neuroanatomy suitable for application to legacy specimens in natural history collections. We used two groups of female spiders of the common species Araneus diadematus—freshly captured (n = 11) vs. legacy material between 70 and 90 years old (n = 10)—to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the viability of micro-CT scanning and the impact of aging on their neuroarchitecture. We statistically compared the volumes of the supraesophageal ganglion (syncerebrum) and used 2D geometric morphometrics to analyze variations in the gross shape of the brain. We found no significant differences in the brain shape or the brain volume relative to the cephalothorax size. Nonetheless, a significant difference was observed in the spider size. We considered such differences to be explained by environmental factors rather than preservation artifacts. Comparison between legacy and freshly collected specimens indicates that museum specimens do not degrade over time in a way that might bias the study results, as long as the basic preservation conditions are consistently maintained, and where lapses in preservation have occurred, these can be identified. This, together with the relatively low-impact nature of the micro-CT protocol applied here, could facilitate the use of old, rare, and valuable material from collections in studies of internal morphology.
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Pinnell, Lee J., Cory A. Wolfe, Jake Castle, William B. Crosby, Enrique Doster, and Paul S. Morley. "Effectiveness of stabilization methods for the immediate and short-term preservation of bovine fecal and upper respiratory tract genomic DNA." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 2, 2024): e0300285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300285.
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Previous research on stabilization methods for microbiome investigations has largely focused on human fecal samples. There are a few studies using feces from other species, but no published studies investigating preservation of samples collected from cattle. Given that microbial taxa are differentially impacted during storage it is warranted to study impacts of preservation methods on microbial communities found in samples outside of human fecal samples. Here we tested methods of preserving bovine fecal respiratory specimens for up to 2 weeks at four temperatures (room temperature, 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C) by comparing microbial diversity and community composition to samples extracted immediately after collection. Importantly, fecal specimens preserved and analyzed were technical replicates, providing a look at the effects of preservation method in the absence of biological variation. We found that preservation with the OMNIgene®•GUT kit resulted in community structure most like that of fresh samples extracted immediately, even when stored at room temperature (~20°C). Samples that were flash-frozen without added preservation solution were the next most representative of original communities, while samples preserved with ethanol were the least representative. These results contradict previous reports that ethanol is effective in preserving fecal communities and suggest for studies investigating cattle either flash-freezing of samples without preservative or preservation with OMNIgene®•GUT will yield more representative microbial communities.
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Suaste-Dzul, Alba P., José Manuel Rodríguez-Vélez, Beatriz Rodríguez-Vélez, Hugo Cesar Arredondo-Bernal, and Adrien Gallou. "Non-destructive DNA extraction methods for entomophagous insects with emphasis on biological control." Genome 62, no. 4 (April 2019): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0045.
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One of the major challenges in molecular analysis of arthropods, especially for natural enemies of insect pests, is the intact preservation of the specimens to be integrated into entomological collections. However, most of the DNA extraction protocols involve maceration of the tissue, avoiding the preservation of the original specimen. Two general methods were adapted into non-destructive DNA extraction protocols, DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit (A) and the CaCl2 lysis buffer method (B), while the potential of the method with the alkaline lysis buffer (HotSHOT; C) was evaluated for the first time on insect specimens. These protocols were assessed for the recovery of DNA from Ceraeochrysa valida, Tamarixia radiata, and Hippodamia convergens. Photographical records showed that morphological features of the specimens were preserved after the DNA extraction process. COI fragments were successfully amplified with method A (100%), B (77%), and C (88%), respectively. We conclude that these non-destructive DNA extraction methods avoid the destruction of tissue and preserve the original insects and their morphological characteristics for future reference.
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Cho, Soowon, Samantha W. Epstein, Kim Mitter, Chris A. Hamilton, David Plotkin, Charles Mitter, and Akito Y. Kawahara. "Preserving and vouchering butterflies and moths for large-scale museum-based molecular research." PeerJ 4 (June 22, 2016): e2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2160.
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Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) comprise significant portions of the world’s natural history collections, but a standardized tissue preservation protocol for molecular research is largely lacking. Lepidoptera have traditionally been spread on mounting boards to display wing patterns and colors, which are often important for species identification. Many molecular phylogenetic studies have used legs from pinned specimens as the primary source for DNA in order to preserve a morphological voucher, but the amount of available tissue is often limited. Preserving an entire specimen in a cryogenic freezer is ideal for DNA preservation, but without an easily accessible voucher it can make specimen identification, verification, and morphological work difficult. Here we present a procedure that creates accessible and easily visualized “wing vouchers” of individual Lepidoptera specimens, and preserves the remainder of the insect in a cryogenic freezer for molecular research. Wings are preserved in protective holders so that both dorsal and ventral patterns and colors can be easily viewed without further damage. Our wing vouchering system has been implemented at the University of Maryland (AToL Lep Collection) and the University of Florida (Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center of Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), which are among two of the largest Lepidoptera molecular collections in the world.
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Mihaly, Andriy V., Vasyl I. Sabadosh, Vasyl I. Roman, and Myroslav V. Shevera. "Database and Digitization of Regional Historical Herbaria: A Case Study of Margittai Collection in the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU)." Diversity 16, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16040211.
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The digitization of herbarium collections guarantees a preservation and long-term use of scientifically valuable objects, e.g., wide and convenient access to these materials online and exchange between institutions. These are also important elements in the education and popularization of botanical knowledge. No less significant is the practical aspect of these studies due to the danger of these collections’ destruction as a result of Russian aggression—some of them have already been destroyed. The analyzed Margittai collection (1500 specimens) is kept at the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU) and belongs to the historical and regional ones. This material is valuable because of its scientific, historical and cultural significance. By the initiative and thanks to the efforts of Prof. S. Fodor, the studied collection (most of which are doublet specimens) was transferred in 1965 from the Hungarian Natural History Museum (BP), where the main herbarium of the researcher is preserved (40,000 specimens), to the Uzhhorod State University. Due to the fact that the collection has not been studied, in 2021, the authors began a special investigation of this collection and assessment of its current state. The structure of the database has been developed, it is being filled, and the digitization of type materials has begun.
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WAZEMA, CLAUDIA TIEMI, OTÁVIO GUILHERME MORAIS DA SILVA, FABRÍCIO SEVERO MAGALHÃES, LÍVIA PIRES DO PRADO, VICTOR HIDEKI NAGATANI, NATHALIA SAMPAIO DA SILVA, JULIANA APARECIDA CALISTO VAZ, et al. "Preserving a Legacy: Ensuring the Access and Conservation of the Harold (Harry) G. Fowler (1950–2018) Ant Collection and Data." Zootaxa 5418, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5418.4.3.
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Biological collections are important repositories of biodiversity, as they include various types of data potentially useful to different areas of science and can contribute to the establishment of biodiversity conservation policies. For a long time, scientific collections were considered only as physical databases; in this context Harold G. Fowler (1950–2018) built an ant collection at the Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus Rio Claro (São Paulo state, Brazil), over the course of a 34-year career, comprising around 20,000 ant specimens. Most specimens came from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, but many others came from distinct locations in Brazil and abroad. After his death, the collection was left without the necessary curatorial care for a period of time, which required a project to be conceived for its recovery and conservation, with the goal of incorporating it to the Zoology Museum of the University of São Paulo (MZSP). In addition to applying modern technical curation protocols, other activities such as checking, material identification and digitization of the information contained on the sample labels were carried out, forming an accurate database. This process enabled the identification of new distribution records and the discovery of possible undescribed species and unpublished natural history data. After validating this information, we counted 524 valid species and 201 morphospecies belonging to 105 genera and 10 subfamilies. In addition, we integrated technical curation activities with scientific outreach to draw the general public’s attention to the importance of biological collections, thus fostering interest in science, biodiversity and nature conservation. Our work highlights the importance of preserving the areas sampled by Fowler’s research group. The preservation of vouchers using curatorial practices reinforces the role of scientific collections as important tools for the study, understanding and preservation of biodiversity.
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LaRocco, Mark T., Jacob Franek, Elizabeth K. Leibach, Alice S. Weissfeld, Colleen S. Kraft, Robert L. Sautter, Vickie Baselski, Debra Rodahl, Edward J. Peterson, and Nancy E. Cornish. "Effectiveness of Preanalytic Practices on Contamination and Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Cultures: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 105–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00030-15.
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SUMMARYBackground.Urinary tract infection (UTI) in the United States is the most common bacterial infection, and urine cultures often make up the largest portion of workload for a hospital-based microbiology laboratory. Appropriately managing the factors affecting the preanalytic phase of urine culture contributes significantly to the generation of meaningful culture results that ultimately affect patient diagnosis and management. Urine culture contamination can be reduced with proper techniques for urine collection, preservation, storage, and transport, the major factors affecting the preanalytic phase of urine culture.Objectives.The purposes of this review were to identify and evaluate preanalytic practices associated with urine specimens and to assess their impact on the accuracy of urine culture microbiology. Specific practices included collection methods for men, women, and children; preservation of urine samples in boric acid solutions; and the effect of refrigeration on stored urine. Practice efficacy and effectiveness were measured by two parameters: reduction of urine culture contamination and increased accuracy of patient diagnosis. The CDC Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) initiative's systematic review method for assessment of quality improvement (QI) practices was employed. Results were then translated into evidence-based practice guidelines.Search strategy.A search of three electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL), as well as hand searching of bibliographies from relevant information sources, for English-language articles published between 1965 and 2014 was conducted.Selection criteria.The search contained the following medical subject headings and key text words: urinary tract infections, UTI, urine/analysis, urine/microbiology, urinalysis, specimen handling, preservation, biological, preservation, boric acid, boric acid/borate, refrigeration, storage, time factors, transportation, transport time, time delay, time factor, timing, urine specimen collection, catheters, indwelling, urinary reservoirs, continent, urinary catheterization, intermittent urethral catheterization, clean voided, midstream, Foley, suprapubic, bacteriological techniques, and microbiological techniques.Main results.Both boric acid and refrigeration adequately preserved urine specimens prior to their processing for up to 24 h. Urine held at room temperature for more than 4 h showed overgrowth of both clinically significant and contaminating microorganisms. The overall strength of this body of evidence, however, was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from women, there was no difference in rates of contamination for midstream urine specimens collected with or without cleansing. The overall strength of this evidence was rated as high. The levels of diagnostic accuracy of midstream urine collection with or without cleansing were similar, although the overall strength of this evidence was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from men, there was a reduction in contamination in favor of midstream clean-catch over first-void specimen collection. The strength of this evidence was rated as high. Only one study compared midstream collection with cleansing to midstream collection without cleansing. Results showed no difference in contamination between the two methods of collection. However, imprecision was due largely to the small event size. The diagnostic accuracy of midstream urine collection from men compared to straight catheterization or suprapubic aspiration was high. However, the overall strength of this body of evidence was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from children and infants, the evidence comparing contamination rates for midstream urine collection with cleansing, midstream collection without cleansing, sterile urine bag collection, and diaper collection pointed to larger reductions in the odds of contamination in favor of midstream collection with cleansing over the other methods of collection. This body of evidence was rated as high. The accuracy of diagnosis of urinary tract infection from midstream clean-catch urine specimens, sterile urine bag specimens, or diaper specimens compared to straight catheterization or suprapubic aspiration was varied.Authors' conclusions.No recommendation for or against is made for delayed processing of urine stored at room temperature, refrigerated, or preserved in boric acid. This does not preclude the use of refrigeration or chemical preservatives in clinical practice. It does indicate, however, that more systematic studies evaluating the utility of these measures are needed. If noninvasive collection is being considered for women, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended, but no recommendation for or against is made for midstream collection without cleansing. If noninvasive collection is being considered for men, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended and collection of first-void urine is not recommended. No recommendation for or against is made for collection of midstream urine without cleansing. If noninvasive collection is being considered for children, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended and collection in sterile urine bags, from diapers, or midstream without cleansing is not recommended. Whether midstream collection with cleansing can be routinely used in place of catheterization or suprapubic aspiration is unclear. The data suggest that midstream collection with cleansing is accurate for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in infants and children and has higher average accuracy than sterile urine bag collection (data for diaper collection were lacking); however, the overall strength of evidence was low, as multivariate modeling could not be performed, and thus no recommendation for or against can be made.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Elliott, Jennifer. "Studies on the preservation of flowers." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2693.
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A known method for the preservation of green foliage was adapted in order to preserve floral tissues, retaining the colour and texture, thereby providing a method suitable for the preservation of whole flowers. Initially, the effects of the existing foliage preservation process on floral tissues were studied and the resulting problems of limp sticky petals and colour loss were identified. Subsequently, with a knowledge of basic plant anatomy and of the properties of the main floral pigments, the anthocyanins, a series of experiments on petals and whole flowers were carried out in an attempt to rectify these problems and to incorporate the remedies into a method for preserving whole flowers. The problem of improving the texture and firmness of flower heads was tackled by investigating the effects of adding bulking or setting ingredients to the process fluid and establishing their optimum concentrations. In the case of flower colour, the addition of acid was required in order to maintain the bright anthocyanin colours and a range of acids was investigated. Furthermore, since it is known that in nature the anthocyanin pigments are stabilised by metal ions and copigments, the use of these agents in the preservation process was also considered. This empirical work was then validated by confirming the identity of the main pigments involved and by studying various aspects of the new preservation process. Factors examined included acid concentration, temperature, solvent composition and the addition of metal ions and copigments to solutions of petal extracts containing anthocyanin pigments. Physical changes resulting from processing, including process fluid content and the moisture absorption properties of processed petals were also measured. Finally, the application of a selection of coating materials was assessed in an attempt to increase the life span of the processed flowers by providing extra protection against environmental stresses.
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Hudson, Davia Tamar. "Variables Affecting the Collection and Preservation of Human Scent Components through Instrumental and Biological Evaluations." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/201.
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In certain European countries and the United States of America, canines have been successfully used in human scent identification. There is however, limited scientific knowledge on the composition of human scent and the detection mechanism that produces an alert from canines. This lack of information has resulted in successful legal challenges to human scent evidence in the courts of law. The main objective of this research was to utilize science to validate the current practices of using human scent evidence in criminal cases. The goals of this study were to utilize Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) to determine the optimum collection and storage conditions for human scent samples, to investigate whether the amount of DNA deposited upon contact with an object affects the alerts produced by human scent identification canines, and to create a prototype pseudo human scent which could be used for training purposes. Hand odor samples which were collected on different sorbent materials and exposed to various environmental conditions showed that human scent samples should be stored without prolonged exposure to UVA/UVB light to allow minimal changes to the overall scent profile. Various methods of collecting human scent from objects were also investigated and it was determined that passive collection methods yields ten times more VOCs by mass than active collection methods. Through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) no correlation was found between the amount of DNA that was deposited upon contact with an object and the alerts that were produced by human scent identification canines. Preliminary studies conducted to create a prototype pseudo human scent showed that it is possible to produce fractions of a human scent sample which can be presented to the canines to determine whether specific fractions or the entire sample is needed to produce alerts by the human scent identification canines.
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Baker, Sarah. "A biocultural analysis of natural mummification : the importance of preservation on the examination of biological and cultural evidence." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1060.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Anthropology
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Mieta, Sumayya I. K. "Detection of selected entero-pathogenic bacteria from stool specimens using a novel collection technique." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3164.
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M. Tech.Diarrhoeal disease is an important public health problem worldwide as it is responsible for approximately 4 billion cases of diarrhoea per annum, of which 1.8 billion cases result in death. In most cases the causative agents are bacterial entero-pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio species. They enter the human body after consumption of contaminated water and food via the faecal-oral route of transmission. These pathogens are therefore identified from faecal matter with microbiological methods such as culture based techniques. There are however certain factors which negatively impact on the diagnosis. Recent literature has shown that bacterial pathogens may not be detected when they enter into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) making it difficult to detect the bacterial pathogens with culture based methods. The aim of the study was to detect entero-pathogenic bacteria from stool specimens using optimised protocols and a novel collection technique called the Bio-wipe kit. In the past sterile containers were used to collect and transport faecal matter to the WHRU laboratory for analysis. The disadvantage of this collection technique was that individuals were hesitant to provide faecal matter in a transparent container due to their social and moral status. The Bio-wipe kit eliminated some of the problems encountered with the previous collection technique as it is used in the same way as toilet tissue. Factors such as storage time and temperature was investigated for the recovery of faecal matter from the Bio-wipes since it was used in rural villages where the stool samples can not be refrigerated and transported to the lab immediately after the diarrhoeal episode. It was shown that the bacterial DNA can be recovered from the Bio-wipes within 5-10 days after usage when stored at 30°C and within 14 days after usage when stored at ambient temperature. Comparison of two in-house DNA extraction methods with the commercially available QIAamp® DNA stool mini kit indicated that the Guanidium thiocyanate without alpha casein method (GuSCN non ά-casein) could efficiently recover bacterial DNA from faecal matter free from the presence of inhibitors. This methodology could successfully recover amplifiable bacterial DNA in 92% (181/197) of the clinical Bio-wipes collected from individuals in the rural areas of the Vhembe region of the Limpopo province of South Africa. Various multiplex PCR’s (m-PCR) were optimised for this study for the detection and classification of diarrhoeagenic E. coli types, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio species. These m-PCR’s were proven to be very sensitive at detecting diarrhoegenic E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio species bacteria from the Bio-wipes. The extracted bacterial DNA from Bio-wipes recovered from clinical samples was amplified with the single genus specific multiplex PCR and 92% (181/197) of the samples tested positive for the E. coli mdh housekeeping gene, 3% (7/197) tested positive for the sodB housekeeping gene for V. cholerae spp, 5% (10/197) tested positive for the IpaH and Ial virulence genes for Shigella spp. and entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC) whereas none of the samples tested positive for the Salmonella virulence gene (IpaB). These results were confirmed with species specific multiplex PCR for each pathogen. It was concluded from this study that the Bio-wipe kit could be used for the collection of diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal faecal matter. The bacterial DNA could effectively be isolated from the recovered faecal matter using the GuSCN non α-casein DNA extraction method. The genus specific m-PCR was able to amplify low levels of bacterial DNA isolated from the Bio-wipes and thus the causative agents for diarrhoeal disease can successfully be diagnosed with the genus specific m-PCR. The Bio-wipe kit can be implemented for routine analysis and during diarrhoeal outbreaks as it is a cost effective, easy to use collection kit. The bacterial pathogens can easily and rapidly be diagnosed using the optimised molecular techniques instead of classical culture-based techniques.
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Arumugam, Preyan. "A critical assessment of the dendrochirotid subfamilies, sclerodactylinae and thyoninae, with the taxonomic management of the "supergenus" thyone (echinodermata : holothuroidea)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9703.
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The key character separating the dendrochirotid families Sclerodactylidae (sensu
Pawson & Fell, 1965) and the Phyllophoridae (sensu Pawson & Fell, 1965), i.e. entire
or undivided radial processes to the calcareous ring in the former and sub-divided
processes in the latter, is unjustified since most sclerodactylid species also have subdivided
processes. It is here assumed that the basis of elevating the subfamily
Sclerodactylinae Panning to family level was established on a misinterpretation or
mistranslation of the original diagnosis of this subfamily or a lapsus calumni meaning
“plates” instead of “processes”. Panning (1949) categorically states that the processes in
the Sclerodactylinae are composed of 3–4 large pieces of calcite and only as an
exception they are unbroken. Since Pawson & Fell gave no other distinction between
the Sclerodactylidae and the Phyllophoridae, the former is here considered an invalid
taxon and its three current subfamilies (Sclerodactylinae, Sclerothyoninae Thandar and
Cladolabinae Heding & Panning) are re-assigned to the Phyllophoridae. This family
now includes six subfamilies: Cladolabinae, Phyllophorinae Östergren,
Sclerodactylinae, Sclerothyoninae, Semperiellinae Heding & Panning and Thyoninae
Panning. The diagnosis of the Sclerodactylinae, restricted by Thandar (1989), is now
modified to include also those forms whose radial and interradial plates may be slightly
sub-divided but still form a short tube. Of the eleven genera placed within this
subfamily subsequent to its erection, only ten of these remain. Neothyone Deichmann is
a preoccupied name for which Lisacucumis is here proposed as a replacement.
Thandar’s (1989) diagnosis of the Thyoninae is here accepted, however, the genus
Thorsonia Heding is transferred to the Sclerodactylinae. Of the 66 nominal species
which currently stand in the “supergenus” Thyone Jaeger, 10 are transferred to
Havelockia Pearson within the Sclerodactylinae, while one species is regarded as a
synonym of H. herdmani Pearson. In addition, six species are transferred to Stolus
Selenka within the Thyoninae. Finally, three species are transferred to Sclerothyoninae,
two within Sclerothyone Thandar and one within Temparena Thandar. Two species
show an uncertain affinity to Thyone and are temporally removed from the genus.
Furthermore, two species currently classified within Havelockia are transferred to
Thyone. The now remaining 46 species are separated into seven groups based on the
composition of their introvert deposits: tables only (8 spp.), rosettes only (5 spp.), tables
and rosettes (21 spp.), tables and plates/?reduced tables (2 spp.), rosettes and
plates/?reduced tables (3 spp.), plates only (2 spp.), or introvert deposits absent or
unknown (5 spp.). Regrettably, no other character could be used in conjunction with the
above to suggest at least sub-generic levels. Within the genus Havelockia, Cucumaria
redimita Sluiter indicates an affinity with Pentamera Ayres. It is here transferred to this
genus within the Thyoninae. Havelockia, now containing 17 species, is also revised.
Keys, diagnoses and figures are provided for all nominal species now included in
Thyone and Havelockia.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.
Books on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Aleksandrovich, Feklistov Pavel, Evdokimov Vladimir Nikolaevich, and Galimova E. Sh, eds. Oformlenie prirodnykh kollekt͡s︡iĭ: Metodicheskie rekomendat͡s︡ii po sboru i sostavlenii͡u︡ kollekt͡s︡iĭ flory i fauny, oformlenii͡u︡ okhotnichʹikh trofeev. Arkhangelʹsk: Geogr. ob-vo SSSR, Arkhangelʹskiĭ filial, 1991.
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V, Horie C., Manchester Museum (University of Manchester), and University of Manchester. Dept. of Environmental Biology, eds. Conservation of natural history specimens: Spirit collections. Manchester, UK: University of Manchester, 1989.
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Kli︠u︡kina, A. I. Metody preparovki i restavrat︠s︡ii estestvenno-nauchnykh kollekt︠s︡iĭ. Moskva: Gos. Darvinovskiĭ muzeĭ, 1999.
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J, Jenkins Amanda, ed. Drug testing in alternate biological specimens. Totowa, N.J: Humana, 2008.
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Kohler, Robert E. All creatures: Naturalists, collectors, and biodiversity, 1850-1950. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.
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Great Britain. Museums and Galleries Commission., ed. Standards in the museum care of biological collections 1992. London: Museums & Galleries Commission, 1992.
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Ráček, Milan. Mumia Viva: Kulturgeschichte der Human- und Animalpräparation. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1990.
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Mason, Hauser Robert, and National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Conducting biosocial surveys: Collecting, storing, accessing, and protecting biospecimens and biodata. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Dash, Hirak Ranjan, and Kamayani Vajpayee. "Collection, Preservation, and Transportation of Biological Evidences." In Handbook of DNA Profiling, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9364-2_3-1.
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Dash, Hirak Ranjan, and Kamayani Vajpayee. "Collection, Preservation, and Transportation of Biological Evidences." In Handbook of DNA Profiling, 69–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4318-7_3.
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Chen, Hans, Jason R. Swedlow, Marcus Grote, John W. Sedat, and David A. Agard. "The Collection, Processing, and Display of Digital Three-Dimensional Images of Biological Specimens." In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 197–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5348-6_13.
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Dash, Hirak Ranjan, Pankaj Shrivastava, and Surajit Das. "Collection, Transportation, and Preservation of Biological Evidences for DNA Analysis." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 21–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0274-4_3.
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Sriraman, P. K. "Collection and Preservation of Biological Specimens." In Wildlife Necropsy and Forensics, 24–49. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003172017-3.
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Collins, C. H., J. M. Grange, and M. D. Yates. "Collection, preservation and transport of specimens." In Organization and Practice in Tuberculosis Bacteriology, 31–35. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-407-00296-8.50007-8.
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"Collection and Preservation of Fecal Specimens." In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, Fourth Edition, 9.2.1–9.2.3.2. American Society of Microbiology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818814.ch9.2.
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"Collection and Preservation of Fecal Specimens." In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 9.2.1–9.2.3.2. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818814.ch9.2.1.
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"Collection and Preservation of Fecal Specimens." In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition, 544–58. American Society of Microbiology, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817435.ch9.2.
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Iyengar, G. Venkatesh, K. S. Subramanian, and Joost R. W. Woittiez. "Storage and Preservation of Biomedical Specimens *." In ELEMENT ANALYSIS of BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, 75–101. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068358-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Sapaat, Arney, Siti Fatimah Sabran, and Maryati Mohamed. "Occurrence of Pest, the Management of Zoological Museum Specimens Collection and Climate Change." In 7th International Conference on Biological Science (ICBS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220406.029.
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Chanpuypetch, Wirachchaya, Tuangyot Supeekit, and Jirawan Niemsakul. "IOT-Based Business Process Management For Temperature-Controlled Logistics System Of Laboratory Specimens." In 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0359.
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The transportation of laboratory specimens and raw materials for advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) is challenging due to the need for strict temperature control and limited delivery periods. Such transportation must be conducted with care to prevent damage or compression, which may compromise the viability and stability of the specimens. Unlike other types of materials, transportation of specimens requires more complex control measures to ensure their usefulness in laboratory examinations and biological processes. Any damage or deterioration during transportation could significantly affect patient diagnosis and treatment. The transportation logistics system for these specimens contains sensitive personal information related to patient safety and life preservation. Hence, good control, tracking, and traceability are crucial to ensure safe transportation. This research recommends an IoT-based temperature-controlled logistics system for laboratory specimens, using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) to efficiently manage the transportation process. This system aims to maintain specimen stability and viability, thus ensuring the safety and quality of patient treatment. Thai transport and logistics service providers can implement this system to enhance transportation safety and quality.
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Ade, H., J. Kirz, R. Rosser, Y. Vladimirsky, D. Kern, and H. Rarback. "Performance of electron beam fabricated x-ray zone plates." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.ms4.
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We tested a new generation of high resolution x-ray zone plates with the scanning x-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source.1 The zone plates were fabricated by electron beam lithography at IBM.2 They consist of gold rings on a silicon nitride window and have finest rings in the 68–100-nm range. The central region has a thick solid gold plating to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the foci. Collection efficiencies into first-, second-, and third-order foci were measured, and the nature of the first-order focus was examined in detail. The best zone plates showed negligible astigmatism and a first-order efficiency of ~5 %. One of these was used as the focusing element in scanning x-ray microscopy of biological specimens.
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Mafras, Fathima Siromiya Shamil. "Clinical Evaluation of Analytical Variations During Delayed Serum Separation on Creatinine Measurement by Jaffe and Enzymatic Methods with Different Temperature and Time Interval." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Jinnah University for Women, Karachi,Pakistan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/ibras/2022/3-5.
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Introduction: The most common methods used in the laboratories for measuring serum creatinine level are Jaffe and enzymatic methods. Compared to Jaffe method, enzymatic method is more expensive but less susceptible to interferences. Interferences lead to misleading of test results and lead to misdiagnosis. The overall risk associated with the Jaffe method depends on the probability of misclassification of Chronic Kidney Disease. In practice, very few routine specimens can be processed within the time interval manually. Considerable delay occur in sample delivery, either because of human errors or improper handling procedures. In that cases, serum contact with clot may exceed 24 hours, result in clinically significant changes of analytes present in the serum. Delays in serum separation can cause significant increases in measured creatinine by the commonly used Jaffe method. This study will help to give an insight on the effects of delayed serum separation and to find out an appropriate method, when delays occur and help to determine the maximum possible storage time to store the blood sample as whole blood before the analysis at refrigerator and at room temperature. Objective: Objective of this study is to analyzing the effect of delayed serum separation on creatinine measurement by Jaffe method with an enzymatic method. Methodology: The study was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019. Data collection was carried out in June 2019. The blood samples were collected from the voluntary healthy male and female students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna. Two set of tubes were kept at room temperature (≃27-29℃) and refrigerator (2-8℃) respectively. After 2 & 6 hours and 1, 2 and 3 days of storage, clotted samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum was separated. Pooled serum was prepared by mixing required amount of serum samples on each time interval for both tubes at room temperature (≃27-29℃) and (2-8℃) refrigerator. Then the creatinine concentration was measured by using Jaffe method and Sarcosine Oxidase enzymatic method. Pooled serum was prepared by mixing all serum samples at each time interval. The data and results obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs, mean comparison, standard deviation. Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum samples collected as soon as the collection of the blood were analysed for the baseline creatinine concentration and considered as 0 hour. The mean creatinine was 1.213 (±0.004) mg/dL by Jaffe method and 1.065 (±0.007) mg/dL by Sarcosine Oxidase enzymatic method (Table 1). The reference range of serum total creatinine in adult individual is is 0.9-1.3 mg/dL (80-115 µmol/L) (Burtis et al., 2008). Total creatinine concentration of the serum samples prepared from the blood samples stored at room temperature were measured at specified time intervals. The mean serum creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) measured by Jaffe method and Sarcosine Oxidase enzymatic method explained in the Table 1. Total creatinine concentration of the serum samples prepared from the blood samples stored in the refrigerator were measured at specified time intervals. The mean serum creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) measured by Jaffe method and enzymatic method explained in the Table 2. Conclusion: There were no statistical difference (p> 0.05) of creatinine concentration that occurred up to 1 day of sample storage by Jaffe method and up to 2 days by enzymatic method. Whole blood sample stored at room temperature (27-29˚C) for measurement of serum creatinine by using Jaffe method is acceptable when samples stored maximum of up to 6 hours only. According to this study, whenever delays occur keeping the blood samples in the refrigerator (2-8˚C) is better than storing at room temperature (27-29˚C). Also measuring serum creatinine by the enzymatic method will minimize the errors than using the Jaffe method and it will lead to the release of accurate test results.
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Knorr, Paul Octavius. "Critical and Hard Minerals Management on the United States Outer Continental Shelf." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32640-ms.
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Abstract The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, has responsibility over both energy and non-energy mineral development on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) under the OCS Lands Act ("OCSLA"). BOEM’s Marine Minerals Program (MMP) manages federal offshore mineral deposits through non-competitive, negotiated agreements for federal sand and gravel ("sand") used in coastal restoration efforts and the competitive leasing of critical and hard economic minerals ("critical minerals"). As the sole federal steward of OCS critical minerals, BOEM MMP is responsible for understanding where critical minerals are located, identifying and understanding their environments, managing activities that affect these resources, and implementing pertinent federal policies. Fulfilling these responsibilities involves the collection and analysis of environmental, geological, and geophysical data; supporting the science needed to understand the impacts of resource-related authorized activities on the biological, physical, and sociocultural environments; encouraging emerging technologies that can reduce the environmental impact of activities; and communicating with stakeholders to foster an understanding of existing federal regulations and potential needs to revise the legal framework. Four U.S. federal rules in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) currently inform MMP’s procedures: 30 CFR 580 (prospecting for minerals), 30 CFR 581 (leasing of minerals), 30 CFR 582 (operations in the OCS related to minerals), and 30 CFR 583 (negotiated noncompetitive agreements for sand). Other federal laws and regulations are also pertinent, particularly those supporting the National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Coastal Zone Management Act, Clean Air Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.
Reports on the topic "Biological specimens, collection and preservation"
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Rinkevich, Baruch, and Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.
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The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.
Full textAbstract:
Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294374.
Full textAbstract:
Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotype. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens; however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified six stratotypes designated within four park units of the Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (SODN): Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR) has three type areas; Coronado National Memorial (CORO) has one type area; Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL) has one type area; and Saguaro National Park (SAGU) has one type area. Table 1 provides information regarding the six stratotypes currently identified within SODN parks. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR), Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO), Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI), Tonto National Monument (TONT), Tumacácori National Historical Park (TUMA), or Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI). However, CHIR, MOCA, SAGU, and TUZI contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the “Recommendations” section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations so that NPS staff may recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SODN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: National Capital Region Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293865.
Full textAbstract:
Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified 20 stratotypes designated within seven park units of the National Capital Region I&M Network (NCRN): Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH) contains three type sections, two type localities, one type area, and eight reference sections; George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) contains one type locality; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE) contains two type sections, and one type locality/type area; Manassas National Battlefield (MANA) contains two type areas; Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO) contains one type section; National Capital Parks-East (NACE) contains one type locality; Prince William Forest (PRWI) contains one type section. Note that two stratotype designations (for the Harpers and Mather Gorge Formations) are shared amongst multiple park units. Table 1 provides information regarding the 20 stratotypes currently identified within the NCRN. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), Rock Creek Park (ROCR), and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR). However, CATO, CHOH, and GWMP contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the Recommendations section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the NCRN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.