Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biological Warfare Agents [MESH]'

En aquesta tesi, s’ha desenvolupat un sensitiu bio-sensor electroquímic, amb capacitat de multiplexió, simple, de baix cost i portable, per a la detecció ràpida i fiable d’agents de guerra biològica en diferents situacions com la seguretat nacional, operacions militars i seguretat en instal•lacions dels transports públics. En el desenvolupament de l’immuno-sensor es van explorar diferents superfícies químiques, utilitzant fragments d’anticossos o anticossos sencers per a la detecció de cèl•lules bacterianes. També es va explorar la detecció d’anticossos d’anti-Francisella tularensis en mostres de sèrum animal infectades amb tularemia. Els resultats van mostrar un bon grau de correlació en ésser comparats amb els obtinguts mitjançant mètodes ELISA. En el desenvolupament del bio-sensor d’ADN, es va dur a terme la detecció simultània de vuit (8) espècies virulentes, emprant un conjunt de sensors, amb diferents dissenys de sondes. El conjunt de bio-sensors i l’immuno-sensor van ser integrats amb micro-fluids localitzats en un dispositiu de testeig. Utilitzant un mètode de nano-plantilles (diferents fases de surfactant octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether) per a una millor distribució de les sondes, es va aconseguir millorar la sensibilitat i el límit inferior de detecció del bio-sensor d’ADN, millorant l’eficiència d’hibridació. Les superfícies modificades d’elèctrode d’or van ser avaluades mitjançant fluorescència i força atòmica microscòpica i electroquímica. En general, aquest treball constitueix una completa visió del desenvolupament de bio-sensors electroquímics per a la detecció de cèl•lules bacterianes de F. tularensis, anticossos anti-F. Tularensis, així com d’un conjunt de bio-sensors d’ADN multiplexats, altament sensitius i selectius per a la detecció de productes RCP.
n esta tesis, se desarrolló un sensitivo bio-sensor electroquímico, con capacidad de multiplexión, simple, de bajo coste y portable, para la detección rápida y fiable de agentes de guerra biológica en diferentes situaciones como la seguridad nacional, operaciones militares y seguridad en instalaciones de los transportes públicos. En el desarrollo del inmuno-sensor, se exploraron diferentes superficies químicas usando fragmentos de anticuerpos o anticuerpos enteros para la detección de células bacterianas. También se exploró la detección de anticuerpos de anti-Francisella tularensis en muestras de suero animal infectadas con tularemia. Los resultados mostraron un buen grado de correlación al ser comparados con los obtenidos mediante métodos ELISA. En el desarrollo del bio-sensor de ADN se llevó a cabo la detección simultánea de ocho (8) especies virulentas utilizando un conjunto de sensores, con diferentes diseños de sondas. El conjunto de bio-sensores i el inmuno-sensor fueron integrados con micro-fluidos localizados en un dispositivo de testeo. Usando un método de nano-plantillas (diferentes fases de surfactante octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether) para una mejor distribución de las sondas, se consiguió mejorar la sensibilidad y el límite inferior de detección del bio-sensor de ADN, mejorando la eficiencia de hibridación. Las superficies modificadas de electrodo de oro fueron evaluadas mediante fluorescencia y fuerza atómica microscópica y electroquímica. En general, este trabajo constituye una completa visión del desarrollo de bio-sensores electroquímicos para la detección de células bacterianas de F. tularensis, anticuerpos anti-F. Tularensis, así como de un conjunto de bio-sensores de ADN multiplexados altamente sensitivos y selectivos para la detección de productos RCP.
In this thesis, a simple, low cost, portable, multiplexing capable and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed for rapid and reliable detection of biowarfare agents for different situations like homeland security, military operations, public transportation securities such as airports, metro and railway stations. In the development of immunosensor, different surface chemistry using antibody fragments or whole antibodies were explored for bacterial cells detection. The detection of anti-Francisella tularensis antibodies in animal serum samples known to be infected with tularemia was also explored. The results obtained were compared to that obtained using ELISA methods with a good degree of correlation. In the development of multiplexed DNA biosensor, simultaneous detection of eight (8) virulent species using a sensor array was developed using different designs of capture probes. The developed multiplexed biosensor array and immunosensor for detecting bacterial cells were integrated with microfluidics housed in a tester set-up device. The search to improve sensitivity and lower limit of detection of a DNA biosensor was achieved using a nanotemplating method for a better probe distribution enhancing hybridisation efficiency. Different phases of the surfactant octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether were used as templates. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy as well as electrochemistry were used to evaluate the modified surfaces of gold electrode. Overall, this work constitutes a complete overview of the development of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of bacterial cells of F. tularensis, anti-F. tularensis antibodies as well a highly sensitive and selective multiplexed DNA biosensor array for the detection of PCR products.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Scientific and Technical Intelligence)) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1995.
"September 1995." Thesis advisor(s): K.E. Woehler, Peter Lavoy. Bibliography: p. 73-74. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-71). Also available online.

No
Until now little attention has been paid to the development of military capabilities designed to target food crops with biological warfare agents. This book represents the first substantive study of state-run activities in this field. It shows that all biological warfare programs have included a component concerned with the development of anti-crop agents and munitions. Current concern over the proliferation of biological weapons is placed in the context of the initiative to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. The author concludes that the risks posed by this form of warfare can be minimized by the implementation of regimes concerning the peaceful use and control of plant pathogens that pose a risk to human health and the environment.

Until now little attention has been paid to the development of military capabilities designed to target food crops with biological warfare agents. This book represents the first substantive study of state-run activities in this field. It shows that all biological warfare programmes have included a component concerned with the development of anti-crop biological warfare agents and munitions. Current concern over the proliferation of biological weapons is placed in the context of the initiative to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. The book concludes by arguing that the risks posed by this form of warfare can be minimised, but that this would depend largely on the effective and efficient implementation of regimes concerning the peaceful use and control of plant pathogens that pose a risk to human health and the environment.

碩士
國防大學中正理工學院
應用化學研究所
91
To reduce the warfare agent hazard away from the people and to reuse the equipment, a new decontaminant was developed to remove both biological and chemical warfare agents rapidly and effectively from people, combat vehicles, equipment and facilities. We added a properly surfactant into the military uniform decontaminant (82 decontaminant) and used a special spraying apparatus to make the “decontamination foam”. The foam effectively killed the biological simulants (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and successfully oxidized the chemical warfare agent Bis(2-chloroethyl) Sulfide. Experimental results indicated that the formulation (sodium dichloroisocyanurate：foam agent：water = 1：4：95) showed an excellent decontaminating ability to biological and chemical warfare agents.