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Academic literature on the topic 'Biologie. Biophysique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biologie. Biophysique"
Brézulier, Damien, Pascal Pellen-Mussi, Olivier Sorel, and Sylvie Jeanne. "La mécanobiologie osseuse, un domaine émergeant : revue de littérature." L'Orthodontie Française 89, no. 4 (December 2018): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2018034.
Full textBongrand, P. "Interaction cellule-matériau: une modulation biochimique ou biophysique ?" médecine/sciences 17, no. 6-7 (2001): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/2008.
Full textEisenberg, Henryk. "Par ma foi! Il y a plus de quarante ans que je fais de la biophysique sans que j'en susse rien." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 12 (January 1987): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(87)90141-1.
Full text"Recipient heart transplantation: NMR studies F. Brunotte, G. Pinelli, J.M. Escanye, B. Peiffert, J.P. Carteaux, P.M. Mertes, J.P. Villemot. Chirurgie Cardiaque et Transplantations Cardio-Thoraciques, CHU Brabois, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy - Laboratoire de Biophysique, rue Lionnois, 54000 Nancy." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 23 (June 1991): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2828(91)90258-n.
Full text"Enhanced accumulation of neutral lipids and the LDL receptor gene transcripts in rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells transformed by human cytomegalovirus DNA A. Legrand, M. Monsigny (D�partment de Biochimie des Glycoconjugu�s, Centre de Biophysique Mol�culaire, CNRS and Universit� d'Orl�ans, Orl�ans, France), M. Nachtigal (Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, S.C., U.S.A.)." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 24 (November 1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2828(92)93208-2.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biologie. Biophysique"
Da, Silva Figueiredo Celestino Priscila. "Étude des mécanismes oncogéniques d'activation et de résistance des récepteurs tyrosine kinase de type III." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0026/document.
Full textThe receptors tyrosine kinase (RTKs) CSF-1R and KIT are important mediators of signal transduction. Their normal function is altered by gain-of-function mutations associated with cancer diseases. A secondary effect of the mutations is the alteration of receptors’ sensitivity imatinib, employed in cancer treatment. Our goals in this thesis consist of (i) study the structural and dynamical effects induced by the D802V mutation in CSF-1R; (ii) characterize imatinib’s affinity to the wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of KIT (V560G, S628N and D816V) and CSF-1R (D802V). By means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have shown that the D802V mutation disrupts the allosteric communication between the activation loop and the auto-inhibitory juxtamembrane (JMR) domain. However, this rupture is not sufficient to induce the JMR’s departure. The subtle effect of this mutation in CSF-1R was associated with differences in the primary sequence between CSF-1R and KIT in the JMR region. The affinity of imatinib to the different targets was estimated by docking, DM and binding energy calculations. The electrostatic interactions showed to be the main force driving the resistance, with mutations D802/816V being the most deleterious in energy contribution. As a general conclusion, we have established that the D802V mutation in CSF-1R does not provoke the same structural effects as its equivalent in KIT. In addition, the study of both receptors in their WT and mutant forms complexed with imatinib indicate that the conformational changes induced by the mutations allied to the electrostatic interactions with the ligand could explain the resistance phenomena
Debouzy, Jean-Claude. "Étude par RMN des interactions drogues-membranes : application aux molécules d'ajoène, d'amphotéricine B et aux glucosyl phospholipides de nucléotides." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066584.
Full textParent, Benjamin. "Algorithmes d'optimisation et d'analyse des problèmes multidimensionnels non-linéaires en biologie et biophysique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196740.
Full textPour cela, nous avons abordé le problème via deux aspects : le premier concerne la modélisation des interactions moléculaires en vue de prédire les modes de fixation et les affinités entre molécules. Puisque ces estimations nécessitent de considérer la flexibilité des acteurs, nous avons abordé, en premier lieu, la prédiction des conformations moléculaires qui reste un challenge majeur, caractérisé par ses aspects multimodal et de grandes dimensions. Nous avons alors développé une suite d'heuristiques autour d'un algorithme génétique central. Les paramètres de contrôle et les stratégies d'hybridation sont pilotés par un méta-algorithme permettant d'optimiser la recherche. En outre, des stratégies innovantes de parallélisation sur grilles d'ordinateurs ont été validées afin de réduire les temps de calculs. Enfin, pour entreprendre l'étude des conformations de plusieurs molécules, nous avons développé des algorithmes de criblage rapides basés sur la comparaison d'indices topologiques.
Nous avons également étudié un autre aspect en modélisant formellement certains graphes d'interactions, ceci à une toute autre échelle : celle des concentrations des molécules. Nous avons alors mis en évidence l'impact des modes d'interactions moléculaires sur la dynamique globale.
Benzina, Ouafa. "Etude biophysique de la régénération de neurones périphériques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20001/document.
Full textPeripheral nerve injuries lead to paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the affected body areas. The trauma results in loss of motor and sensory functions conveyed by the involved nerves. This process is referred to as Wallerian degeneration; it creates a microenviroment in the injury site that favors neurites regrowth. The increased intrinsic growth capacity of injured peripheral neurons is manifested experimentally by the conditioning lesion paradigm. Axotomy of a peripheral neuron previous to the test lesion, ‘‘primes'' the neuron, switches it on to a regenerative state and, thus, it will regenerate faster after receiving the second injury. Mechanical interactions play a key role in many processes associated with neuronal growth and development. Membrane cytoskeleton elasticity is a determining parameter of membrane mechanical properties and provides important information toward the health and function of the cell. For this reason the first objective of this thesis was to understand the conditioning injury effects on both morphology and rheological properties of live sensory neurons cell bodies and growth cones, using particularly the atomic force microscopy, and to correlate this to eventual modifications in the composition of the cytoskeletal proteins. In addition to the role of cell elastic properties and mechanical sensing in the regeneration process, the structural organization of tissues plays a major part in deciding the degree and direction of tissue growth and cell movement. The ability to guide cells and their outgrowth by modifying surfaces is possible with the microcontact printing technique which enables the design of protein pathways with experimentally defined geometries. Therefore, the second objective of the thesis was to modulate the regenerative growth of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons and spinal motoneurons using cell adhesion proteins in order to physically mimic the in vivo longitudinal axonal growth. We used the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, ideal biomolecules for printing as they can guide in vitro the cellular adhesion, differentiation, migration. The patterning allowed us to normalize neurite elongation and electrical activity of sensory neurons before and after conditioning lesion
Caillon, Lucie. "Etude biophysique de peptides amyloïdes en présence de membranes : caractérisation de leurs interactions et détermination de leurs structures." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066484.
Full textThe amyloid peptide IAPP, which is implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus, aggregates from an initial monomeric state to amyloid fibrils, via oligomeric species. Peptide aggregation, which takes place through membrane contact, was studied using fluorescence, electron microscopy, circular dichroism and NMR. The effect of membrane model was highlighted, in terms of shape, size (micelles, bicelles, SUV, LUV) and composition (lipid headgroups and acyl chains), on aggregation kinetics, conformational change kinetics and fibril morphology. Next, we wanted to elucidate the role of cholesterol in peptide/membranes interactions using vesicles composed of 0 to 30% cholesterol. High cholesterol content was shown to increase aggregation kinetics. Furthermore, IAPP in the presence of bicelles was studied by liquid state NMR in order to solve its structure under these conditions. First results indicate that the C terminus does not insert into the membrane and has an important flexibility. Finally, IAPP was compared with an antimicrobial and amyloid-like peptide, dermaseptin S9. This study shows that fibril formation and membrane permeabilisation mechanisms are not linked and that dermaseptin S9 binds to membrane in an aggregated state, maybe leading to the formation of a transient pore
Shaik, Tajith Baba. "Etude biochimique, biophysique et structurale du mécanisme d'action et de l'inhibition sélective de l'histone désacétylase HDAC8." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ057.
Full textHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are the major targets of currently FDA-approved anti-cancer epigenetic drugs. HDACs also play an important role in the homeostasis of eukaryotic pathogens. Hence, a strategy to tackle neglected diseases caused by these pathogens is to modify currently approved epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs. HDAC8 from Schistosoma mansoni (smHDAC8) was shown to be a valid drug target to treat schistosomiasis, second deadliest tropical disease after malaria. Structural differences between human HDAC8 and smHDAC8 catalytic pocket enabled the design of schistosome-selective inhibitors that bind in a HDAC8 selective pocket, which is unique to HDAC8 among the highly conserved HDAC isozymes. This thesis work shows how to target selectively related isoforms with the help of atomic resolution structures, and opens the door to the investigation of the mode of action of HDAC8 at the fundamental level
Léger, Corentin. "Conception de protéines artificielles multidomaines." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS384.
Full textThe creation of new protein functions based on recognition and molecular assembly is not only a major goal in biotechnology but is also a means to understand the relation structure/function of proteins involved in interaction processes. Today, libraries of artificial proteins obtained by engineering can be a source of proteins with recognition properties similar to the properties of antibodies.The team Protein Engineering and Modeling has thus created a library of proteins with structural repeats called the “alphaReps”. The alphaReps present remarkable properties in terms of production and stability. Unlike most of the antibodies and their derivatives, they can even be expressed and functional in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Such objects can therefore be used as building bricks in modular engineering. The construction of new optimized recognition functions both in specificity and in affinity can then be possible by rearranging or duplicating these elementary bricks.The first part of this thesis project consisted in the construction and study of the biophysical properties of bidomain proteins based on alphaRep in order to have a better understanding of the behaviour of such constructions. Beside the fundamental aspect of this question, this study will give the “rules” to modulate the interactions between these proteins in a controlled way. The results show that it is possible to create new functions such as avidity, cooperativity, conformational change, simply by adding a linker between two alphaReps.In a second step, the goal was to develop, with the bidomain proteins previously studied, new biosensors based on the FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) which can be used in vivo and in vitro. This second part presents two biosensors with limits of detection in the nanomolar range. Since the alphaReps used in these constructions can be changed depending on the chosen target, it is a proof of concept which can be adapted to any desired target.Finally, the third part of this thesis focused on the development of genetically codable biosensors. These biosensors have the particular advantage of being usable directly after production and therefore no longer require a chemical coupling step. The results show that the development of such biosensors is worth considering but an optimization is still required in order to improve their specificity, their stability and their detection capacity
Moreau, Adrien. "Le pore oméga, un défaut biophysique commun aux mutations des canaux Nav1.5 causant le développement des arythmies associées à la cardiomyopathie dilatée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27241.
Full textVoltage gated sodium channels (Nav) are broadly expressed in the human body. They are responsible for the initiation of action potentials (AP) in excitable cells. They underlie several physiological processes such as the cognitive, the sensitive, the motor and the cardiac functions. Nav1.5 channel is the main Nav expressed in the heart. Their dysfunctions are usually associated to the development of pure electrical disorders. However, mutations of Nav1.5 have recently been linked to the development of an atypical clinical phenotype combining complex arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The main objective of my thesis has been to identify and characterize a common biophysical defect for all Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s voltage sensitive domains (VSDs) and associated with the atypical clinical phenotype. We were first interested in the case of two families of patients who displayed the same clinical phenotype although they carried two different Nav1.5 mutations, which have been reported to induce divergent biophysical defects. We identified a new alternative permeation pathway (called omega pore or gating pore) in the VSD of mutant Nav1.5 channels. This omega pore might constitute a common biophysical defect for all Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s VSDs. The second axe consisted in strengthening the association between mutations in the VSD of Nav1.5 and the creation of a gating pore. This research, based on the study of two other Nav1.5 mutations, confirmed the creation of an omega pore and increased the suspicion of the cardiovascular pathogenic potential of such an alternative permeation pathway. Finally, we studied a fifth Nav1.5 mutation. We used this mutation to characterize the pathological consequences of the creation of an omega pore. This study revealed that the creation of an omega pore disrupts the ionic homeostasis of cardiomyocytes. This homeostatic imbalance then affects electrical signals, cell morphology and also the function of cardiac myocytes. The studies of my thesis permitted to identify the omega pore as a potential common biophysical defect of Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s VSDs and associated to the arrhythmias and DCM. Furthermore, we also identified the pathological mechanism linking these mutations and the observed atypical clinical phenotype.
Al, @Addan Fathel. "Biophysique du sol : étude quantitative des relations entre le travail lombricien et des propriétés de sols méditerranéens." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20166.
Full textRossis, Georges. "Explication et interpretation des phenomenes biologiques. Une contribution a la philosophie des sciences." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070065.
Full textWe examine the problem of the relation between physics and biology; we start our study by considering the problem of reductionism. The problem of reductionism can be subdivided into two distinct problems, the problem of logical reductionism (which is impossible) and the problem of empirical reductionism. Empirical reductionism of laws may be possible - the attempt to explain biological laws in terms of physical laws is called bio- physics. Empirical reductionism of concepts is possible - the inter- pretation of biological concepts in terms of physical concepts is called biologic. An epistemological study of the concept of entropy leads to the conclusion that there is neither a definite relation between entropy and disorder nor an identity relation between entropy and information. Organization is the category (fundamental concept) of the bio- logical level of description; organization cannot be defined and is not an objective concept. The concept of computation can be used for the interpretation of living organisms. A living organism is a computator which computes the representations and the relations which maintain its integrity. We distinguish between non-conscious organisms, conscious organisms (that are differentiated from non-conscious organisms through their ability to demarcate themselves from the environment) and self-con- scious organisms (that are differentiated from conscious organisms through their ability to communicate with other self-conscious orga- nisms). Demarcation and communication can be interpreted in terms of computation. Self-consciousness is the ability to communicate
Books on the topic "Biologie. Biophysique"
Daune, Michel. Biophysique moléculaire: Structures en mouvement. Paris: InterÉditions, 1993.
Find full textShechter, E. Biochimie et biophysique des membranes: Aspects structuraux et fonctionnels. Paris: Masson, 1990.
Find full textShechter, Emanuel. Biochimie et biophysique des membranes: Aspects structuraux et fonctionnels. 2nd ed. Paris: Masson, 1997.
Find full textBernard, Rossignol, ed. Biochimie et biophysique des membranes: Aspects structuraux et fonctionnels. 2nd ed. Paris: Dunod, 2004.
Find full textSchrödinger, Erwin. What is life?: The physical aspect of the living cell : and Mind and matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Find full textSchrödinger, Erwin. What is life?: The physical aspect of the living cell ; with, Mind and matter ; & Autobiographical sketches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Find full textLing, Gilbert N. A revolution in the physiology of the living cell. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1992.
Find full textBergethon, P. R. Biophysical chemistry: Molecules to membranes. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
Find full text1943-, Okada Yasunobu, ed. Cell volume regulation: The molecular mechanism and volume sensing machinery : proceedings of the 23rd Taniguichi Foundation Biophysics Symposium held in Okazaki, Japan, 17-21 November 1997. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.
Find full textJanin, Joël. Méthodes biophysiques pour l'étude des macromolécules. Paris: Hermann, 1985.
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