Academic literature on the topic 'Biologie des populations – Variabilité'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biologie des populations – Variabilité"
BOICHARD, D., P. LE ROY, H. LEVÉZIEL, and J. M. ELSEN. "Utilisation des marqueurs moléculaires en génétique animale." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3918.
Full textBirouk, A., and Y. Dattée. "Organisation de la variabilité enzymatique des populations marocaines de luzerne (Medicago sativa L.): structures géniques et génotypiques." Genome 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-418.
Full textMadec, L., and J. Daguzan. "Variabilité de la reproduction examinée au laboratoire entre populations naturelles d'Helix aspersa Müller de la région Bretagne." Reproduction Nutrition Development 31, no. 5 (1991): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19910508.
Full textSCHIBLER, L., D. VAIMAN, and E. P. CRIBIU. "Origine du polymorphisme de l’ADN." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3809.
Full textGalli, Emily, Guodong Liu, Doug Leslie, Joslyn Kirby, and Jeffrey J. Miller. "Prescription Pattern Variability of Biologic Therapies in Treating Psoriasis." Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis 3, no. 3 (July 2018): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2475530318781308.
Full textVerdon, Michel. "Sociobiologie et anthropologie : les obstacles actuels à l'intégration." Anthropologie et Sociétés 12, no. 3 (September 10, 2003): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015045ar.
Full textVERRIER, E., and X. ROGNON. "Utilisation des marqueurs pour la gestion de la variabilité génétique des populations." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3848.
Full textBROSSARD, L., N. QUINIOU, J. Y. DOURMAD, and J. VAN MILGEN. "Prise en compte de la variabilité individuelle dans la modélisation de la réponse des porcs en croissance aux apports alimentaires." INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.1.3192.
Full textVERRIER, E. "La gestion des populations : La gestion génétique des petites populations." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4302.
Full textTINSLEY, R. C. "Biologie des populations des Monogènes Polystomatidae." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 328 (1993): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:1993017.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biologie des populations – Variabilité"
Mavarez, Castillo Jesús. "Phylogéographie et biologie des populations de Biomphalaria Glabrata." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20027.
Full textLeturque, Henri. "Evolution du sexe ratio et de la dispersion en populations structurées." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20177.
Full textMaurice, Tiphaine. "Variabilité génétique et biologie de l'espèce Arnica montana dans un contexte de fragmentation des populations et de réchauffement climatique." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ043S.
Full textGlobal warming and habitat fragmentation are two major threats to rare and endangered species as Arnica montana which we compared the fragmented colline populations (500 m) of the Ardennes-Eifel region with the montane populations of the Vosges crest (1200 m) where the species is still common. We recorded the vegetation and population structure of A. montana in the colline sites (Violion caninae) and the mountains sites (Nardion strictae). However, A. montana had the same niche at the two altitudes. The study of population structure revealed a shift from sexual to clonal reproduction with increasing altitude. A study of molecular genetic variation (AFLP) indicated that populations of A. montana have preserved a relatively high amount of genetic diversity. Populations were genetically differentiated between altitudes, with a stronger isolation by distance for the fragmented colline populations, while the montane populations may be considered as a meta-population. In a common garden experiment involving gardens at two altitudes (200 m and 1200 m), we showed that A. montana had a high phenotypic plasticity and a considerable genetic variability, which could be crucial for A. montana populations to respond to predicted climate changes. A reciprocal transplant experiment between colline and montane populations showed a strong effect of the transplantation sites. Competition for light and herbivory of seedlings may be the main causes of selection. The high plasticity of A. montana might permit the seedlings to survive an increase of at least 2°C in annual temperature
Vitalis, Renaud. "Génétique des populations subdivisées : théorie et applications." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535513.
Full textLe, Corre Nicolas. "Variabilité de la connectivité et du recrutement au sein d'une métapopulation marine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29881/29881.pdf.
Full textConnectivity of marine populations represents a key element of metapopulation demography, as it links local populations. For marine invertebrates with a bentho-pelagic life cycle, connectivity occurs during the dispersive larval stage, which is primarily driven by marine currents. The main objective of this study was to show the variability of connectivity within marine metapopulations, especially for Mytilus spp. populations in the St. Lawrence maritime estuary. The secondary objective was to further analyse the spatiotemporal variations of settlement and recruitment in this system, since these processes are essential for connectivity. (1) Different methods to assess the variability of connectivity are described, as well as their applicability to different systems. Following a description of the main factors influencing connectivity, the drivers of variability and their implications for marine metapopulations and biodiversity management are discussed. (2) In addition, field studies were conducted and revealed seasonal and inter-annual variability of Mytilus spp. settlement in the boreal St. Lawrence marine ecosystem. These observations showed that settlement, following the initial larval dispersal phase (i.e. large spatial scale), occurred during one or two short periods of time (1 to 2 weeks) during the reproductive season. Moreover, there was also evidence for a secondary post-metamorphic settlement phase (juneniles) that extended over the entire reproductive season and represented a major part of the total settlement, particularly during weeks following primary larval settlement events and storms. (3) Finally, a geostatistic method, based on the relationship between adult biomass and recruitment in different local populations, identified homogeneous demographic coupling at scales from 12-24 km over a five year study, in the direction of the main current. Overall, this study empirically confirms the importance of variations in adult biomass, settlement, and recruitment in determining the variability of connectivity in marine metapopulations and supports theoretical studies considering such fluctuations.
Lanaud, Claire. "Nouvelles données sur la biologie du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L. ) : diversité des populations, système d'incompatibilité, haploides spontanés : leurs conséquences pour l'amélioration génétique de cette espèce." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112294.
Full textSome aspects of the biology of cocoa tree were studied for their breeding implications. Isozymes electrophoresis was developed to obtain new genetic markers. 9 polymorphic loci and 31 alleles were identified. Studies on the diversity between wild and cultivated populations from various origins revealed large species variability, particularly among Upper Amazon populations. A study on the mechanisms of incompatibility showed different levels of expression when a mixture of incompatible and compatible pollen was used, a partial inhibition of incompatibility, due to their interactions, was observed. The degree of inhibition depended both on the genetic constitution and on the relative proportions of compatible and incompatible pollen mixed on the flowers. In hybrid seeds gardens, where mixed pollinations were frequent, the use of isozymes demonstrated a high level of self-fertilized seeds in progenitors usually incompatible when only pollinated with their own pollen. The origin of spontaneous haploids depended partially on semigamy. Probably due to hamozygosity, depressive effects appeared in many characteristics for doubled haploids, but this was not transmitted in progeny. Different doubled haploid were obtained from a heterozygous genotype thus allowing the opportunity to choose better progenitors than the parent. Meanwhile the use of haploids in a breeding program was limited by a lack of efficiency to obtain them. Results obtained gave information to design new breeding schemes and to assure the multiplication of selected seeds. They emphasize the small part of the genetic diversity of cocoa tree used hitherto. Because of the originality of incompatibility system and in order to valorize cocoa breeding a rigorous control in biclonal seeds gardens must be applied. A better knowledge of population genetics was obtained and consequences for genetic resources management for this species were discussed
Boixel, Anne-Lise. "Environmental heterogeneity, a driver of adaptation to temperature in foliar plant pathogen populations?" Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA010.
Full textEnvironmental drivers, most notably temperature, affect the biology of phyllosphere microorganisms but also induce changes in their population dynamics, even in their evolutionary trajectories. The impact of climate on foliar plant disease epidemics is usually considered in forecasting models to inform management strategies. Such models focus on averages of environmental drivers but disregard both individual variation within populations and the scale and extent of biologically relevant environmental changes. These simplifications are glossing over substantial levels of individual variation that may have important consequences on the capacity of a population to adapt to environmental changes, and thus on the dynamics of epidemics in a fluctuating or changing climate. To examine the range of validity and consequences of these simplifying assumptions, I investigated how individual variation and environmental heterogeneity jointly affect fitness, phenotypic composition and resilience of populations of a foliar pathogen (Zymoseptoria tritici) inhabiting wheat canopies. Three complementary ways of exploration were adopted in this case study. First, an in vitro high-throughput phenotyping framework was developed, validated, and used to characterise the diversity in patterns of thermal responses existing across Z. tritici populations that were sampled over contrasted scales (spatial and seasonal variation of temperature). Second, the spatio-temporal thermal variations encountered in a wheat canopy, considered as a habitat exerting fluctuating selective pressures on these differential thermal sensitivities of individuals, were investigated in depth. Third, the way selection of “thermotypes” (functional groups of individuals displaying a similar thermal sensitivity) occurs and drives dynamics of Z. tritici populations was examined. To this end, both empirical (in vitro, in planta and in natura) and theoretical (in silico) competition experiments were conducted under increasingly complex selective environments. This research work demonstrates that glossing over the natural extent of individual phenotypic diversity in a phyllosphere microbial population and over the heterogeneity of selective pressures – from phyllo- to mesoclimate – leads to underestimate the resilience of this population, and thus its adaptive potential to environmental variations. In doing so, the results of this thesis, at the interface between epidemiology, micrometeorology, and ecology, improve our understanding of how important is individual variation to population dynamics and how environmental heterogeneity allows to maintain population diversity. Finally, this thesis provides insight into how large-scale patterns and local population processes are interlinked and display a “two-tier” adaptive dynamics
Ndiwa, Titus Chemandwa. "Contribution à la connaissance des populations du tilapia du Nil (Oreochromis niloticus) vivant dans des conditions extrêmes de température et d’alcalinité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20114/document.
Full textNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) natural genetic resources are found in Africa. These resources are threatened due to modifications of the natural habitats of fishes and uncontrolled introductions of alien species or strains. Nile tilapia populations living in extreme habitats are emblematic of this situation. They represent original and potentially useful genetic resources for Aquaculture. However, the populations are threatened either by strong modifications or introduction of alien species in their habitats. Characterizing these populations constitutes the very first step of their protection and consequently their utilization in aquaculture. In our study we concentrated on two different populations of Nile Tilapia. One living in the alkaline Crocodile Lake (10,590 µS/cm, 10 pH) which is a Crater Lake located in the central Island of Lake Turkana. The second group of population inhabit the hot springs of Loboi Swamp near Lake Bogoria in Kenya. These fish are living in water characterized by high temperatures, around 36°c. All above populations (Crocodile Lake and Loboi Swamp Hot springs) may have experienced some selective pressures to cope with their challenging environments. For Crocodile Lake, fish may have found a way to excrete their nitrogenous wastes because at pH 10, excretion is not possible by simple diffusion. For the hot spring populations, most individuals should have been males as high temperature is known to induce masculinization in O. niloticus. This population may have accumulated adequate mutations to enable them overcome masculinizing effects of high water temperature. To study these populations we used geometric morphometrics and genetic markers (16 microsatellites and mtDNA) and compared them with other related populations from the region. In addition, three sex-linked genes (Cyp19a, Wt1b, amh) were analysed using SNP markers in three populations of Nile tilapia inhabiting hot springs of Loboi Swamp, and compared them to eight other populations from East Africa, Sudano-Sahelian and Ethiopian regions. Significant morphological differences were observed in all populations studied, including three closely related populations of Loboi Swamp, and two genetically related populations from Lake Turkana basin. Both genetic differences and environmental factors were responsible for the observed morphological differences. Similarly, all studied populations were genetically differentiated, and we demonstrated that populations from Loboi Swamp and Lake Baringo have been introgressed by O. leucostictus genes. Analyses of the sex-linked clustered revealed that amh gene is a candidate gene for sex determination in Nile tilapia, with 12 SNPs showing strong associations to phenotypic sex. Nevertheless there is no general pattern of sex determination, rather it seems that sex determination mechanisms are different with respect to populations, but is not characteristic or unique for the entire species
Guyader, Sébastien. "Evaluation du potentiel de variabilité du potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae, poleovirus) et identification de quelques facteurs de sélection." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10049.
Full textGrenier, Stéphane. "Impact de la plasticité phénotypique et de la sélection sur l'évolution morphologique et génétique des populations : le cas d'une graminée pérenne, Lolium perenne L., sous défoliation." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fbc024c5-266b-444a-a7db-4f8a52f1c36c.
Full textPopulation adaptation to environmental pressures can result in morphological changes. These changes may result from two non-exclusive mechanisms, genetic selection and phenotypic plasticity. The objective of this thesis was to identify the mechanisms involved in the adaptation of a perennial ryegrass population under defoliation and to highlight the effect of these mechanisms on the morphological and genetic evolution of this population over one generation. In order to answer these questions, we studied, under two defoliation frequencies, a population consisting of 240 genotypes, derived from a cross between an individual of a turf variety and an individual of a forage variety. We demonstrated the major role of phenotypic plasticity in the morphologic evolution of the population under defoliation during one generation. This plasticity homogenised the population morphology, thus limiting the expression of the genetic variability and maintaining a cryptic genetic diversity. But this phenotypic plasticity was variable depending on the genotype and was also dependent on the initial value of the trait. We showed a genetic basis of the traits and their plasticity. Genomic selection was detected on these QTL, which led to visible and variable effects on the genetic diversity. Nevertheless, the effect of selection seemed not enough strong to be seen at the morphological level from one generation to the other. Phenotypic plasticity of traits seemed to have no effect on the fitness of individuals, which resulted to a low interaction with selection. The results of this thesis are discussed in terms of plant breeding for perennial ryegrass varieties soon in grasslands exploited under different defoliation regimes
Books on the topic "Biologie des populations – Variabilité"
Kimura, Motoo. Population genetics, molecular evolution, and the neutral theory: Selected papers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Find full textHoelzel, A. Rus. Molecular genetic ecology. Oxford, OX: IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1991.
Find full textLegay, Jean Marie. Introduction à une biologie des populations. Paris: Masson, 1985.
Find full textMapping human history: Genes, race, and our common origins. Boston [Mass.]: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
Find full textMapping human history: Discovering the past through our genes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
Find full textMapping human history: Unravelling the mystery of Adam and Eve. London: Bloomsbury, 2003.
Find full textOlson, Steve. Mapping human history: Discovering the past through our genes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
Find full textFrance, Collège de. Gènes et culture: Enveloppe génétique et variabilité culturelle. Symposium annuel. Paris: Jacob, 2003.
Find full textPrus-Głowacki, Wiesław, and Ewa M. Pawlaczyk. Variability and evolution: New perspectives : professor Jerzy Szweykowski in memoriam. Edited by Szweykowski Jerzy. Poznań [Poland]: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biologie des populations – Variabilité"
Dorne, Jean Lou, Billy Amzal, Frédéric Bois, Amélie Crépet, Jessica Tressou, and Philippe Verger. "Population Effects and Variability." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 521–81. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-050-2_20.
Full textTurpin, Baptiste, Eline Y. Bijman, Hans-Michael Kaltenbach, and Jörg Stelling. "Population Design for Synthetic Gene Circuits." In Computational Methods in Systems Biology, 181–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85633-5_11.
Full textYang, Jiansong. "Simulation of Population Variability in Pharmacokinetics." In Systems Biology in Drug Discovery and Development, 59–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118016435.ch4.
Full textLebreton, Jean-Dominique. "Modelling Density Dependence, Environmental Variability, and Demographic Stochasticity from Population Counts: An Example Using Wytham Wood Great Tits." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 89–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_7.
Full textTeschner, Martina. "Effects of salinity on the life history and fitness of Daphnia magna: variability within and between populations." In Cladocera as Model Organisms in Biology, 33–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0021-2_5.
Full textBras-Goude, Gwenaëlle Le, Estelle Herrscher, and Jean Vaquer. "Variabilité isotopique de populations chasséennes : implications paléoalimentaires." In Économie et société de la fin de la Préhistoire : Actualité de la recherche, 57–67. Alpara, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.alpara.3614.
Full textAdams, Julian. "Evolution of Complexity in Microbial Populations." In Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162929.003.0016.
Full textTal, Alon. "Going, Going, Gone." In At Nature's Edge, 142–61. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489077.003.0007.
Full text"Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon." In Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon, edited by Susan C. Ireland, Paul J. Anders, and John T. Siple. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569360.ch17.
Full textMcClanahan, Tim R. "Coral community life histories and population dynamics driven by seascape bathymetry and temperature variability." In Advances in Marine Biology, 291–330. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2020.08.003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biologie des populations – Variabilité"
Webb, J., and J. Bednarski. "Variability in Reproductive Potential among Exploited Stocks of Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) in Southeastern Alaska." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.12.
Full textSwiney, K. M., J. B. Webb, G. H. Bishop, and G. L. Eckert. "Temporal and Spatial Variability of Alaska Red King Crab Fecundity, and Accuracy of Clutch Fullness Indices in Estimating Fecundity." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.11.
Full textDawe, E. G., D. R. Mullowney, E. B. Colbourne, G. Han, J. F. Morado, and R. Cawthorn. "Relationship of Oceanographic Variability with Distribution and Prevalence of Bitter Crab Syndrome in Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) on the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.06.
Full textLe Coeur, Christie, Jonathan Storkey, and Satu Ramula. "Population responses to climate variability: the importance of temporal scale." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107636.
Full textOomen, Rebekah, Halvor Knutsen, Esben Moland Olsen, Sissel Jentoft, Nils Christian Stenseth, and Jeffrey Hutchings. "Transcriptomic variability in population responses of Atlantic cod to temperature." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107934.
Full textBudiyanti, Tri, Sri Hadiati, and Riry Prihatini. "Genetic variability on inter and intra population of Salacca Pondoh and salacca Jawa crosses." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115637.
Full textMolinari, F., K. M. Meiburger, L. Saba, G. Ledda, M. Anzidei, U. R. Acharya, Guang Zeng, S. Shafique, A. Nicolaides, and J. Suri. "Carotid IMT variability (IMTV): Its design and validation in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic 142 Italian population." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346513.
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