Academic literature on the topic 'BIOLOGY, NEUROSCIENCE (0317)'

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Journal articles on the topic "BIOLOGY, NEUROSCIENCE (0317)"

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Corratgé-Faillie, C., M. Jabnoune, S. Zimmermann, A. A. Véry, C. Fizames, and H. Sentenac. "Potassium and sodium transport in non-animal cells: the Trk/Ktr/HKT transporter family." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 67, no. 15 (2010): 2511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0317-7.

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Lööv, Camilla, Clemens R. Scherzer, Bradley T. Hyman, Xandra O. Breakefield та Martin Ingelsson. "α-Synuclein in Extracellular Vesicles: Functional Implications and Diagnostic Opportunities". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 36, № 3 (2016): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10571-015-0317-0.

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Maliyoni, Milliward, Faraimunashe Chirove, Holly D. Gaff, and Keshlan S. Govinder. "A Stochastic Tick-Borne Disease Model: Exploring the Probability of Pathogen Persistence." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 79, no. 9 (2017): 1999–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-017-0317-y.

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Wang, Zhi Fei, Jin Yan, Yan Fu, et al. "Pharmacodynamic Study of FS-0311: A Novel Highly Potent, Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor." Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 28, no. 2 (2007): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10571-007-9199-0.

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Dı́az-Cabiale, Zaida, Maria Petersson, José A. Narváez, Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg та Kjell Fuxe. "Systemic oxytocin treatment modulates α2-adrenoceptors in telencephalic and diencephalic regions of the rat". Brain Research 887, № 2 (2000): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03017-1.

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Sahu, Abhiram, Robert E. Carraway, and Yi-Peng Wang. "Evidence that neurotensin mediates the central effect of leptin on food intake in rat." Brain Research 888, no. 2 (2001): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03107-3.

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Kudryashov, Igor E., and Irina V. Kudryashova. "Ontogeny of synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus." Brain Research 892, no. 2 (2001): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03157-7.

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Santiago, Melissa P., and Lincoln T. Potter. "Biotinylated m4-toxin demonstrates more M4 muscarinic receptor protein on direct than indirect striatal projection neurons." Brain Research 894, no. 1 (2001): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03170-x.

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Apelt, Jenny, та Reinhard Schliebs. "β-Amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology". Brain Research 894, № 1 (2001): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03176-0.

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Dȩbska, Grażyna, Rebecca May, Anna Kicińska, Adam Szewczyk, Christian E. Elger, and Wolfram S. Kunz. "Potassium channel openers depolarize hippocampal mitochondria." Brain Research 892, no. 1 (2001): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03187-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BIOLOGY, NEUROSCIENCE (0317)"

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Medicetty, Satish. "Effect of umbilical cord matrix stem cells on Parkinson’s disease model rats." Diss., Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/127.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Anatomy and Physiology<br>Mark L. Weiss<br>Umbilical cord matrix or Wharton’s Jelly is a mucous connective tissue ensheathing the cord blood vessels and contains mesenchymal-like stem cells. Previously, we have shown that pig umbilical cord matrix stem (pUCMS) cells transplanted into normal rat brain were recovered up to 6 weeks post-transplantation, where a sub-population of pUCMS cells exhibited neuronal morphology and expressed a variety of neuronal markers. Here, approximately 150 pUCMS cells were transplanted into non-immunesuppressed rats that previously received a brain lesion by neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which specifically affects midbrain dopaminergic neurons, leading to pathologic findings similar to that of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pUCMS cells proliferated up to 8 weeks post-transplantation and there was a significant increase in the percentage and number of pUCMS cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is a marker for dopaminergic cells. We conclude that 1. Xenotransplants of pig UCMS cells are not rejected by rats at least up to 8 weeks after transplantation and 2. The pig UCMS cells proliferate and differentiate after transplantation into PD model rats. The surface antigen and gene expression profile of human umbilical cord matrix stem (hUCMS) cells resemble that of mesenchymal stem cells. Apomorphine-induced rotatory behavior was used to analyze the motor deficits of the PD model rats. In different experiments 1000, 2500 and 25000 hUCMS cells were transplanted into the brain of non-immunesuppressed PD model rats. There was a dose-dependent decrease in apomorphine-induced rotations; the maximum benefit was found in the rats that received 1000 hUCMS cells. The graft cells were recovered at 2 days and 1 week, but not at 6, 10 or 12 weeks post-transplantation. Quantitative assessment of host TH-positive midbrain dopaminergic neurons revealed a positive correlation between the behavioral improvement and TH-positive cell number in the low-density (1000 cells) transplant group, showing that the hUCMS cells may play a role in rescuing damaged host dopaminergic neurons and promote improvement of motor deficits in PD-model rats. In summary, hUCMS cells appear to be mesenchymal stem cells that can be harvested in great numbers from a non-controversial, inexhaustible source. Human UCMS cells show therapeutic benefit in PD model rats, but the mechanism by which they promote improvement is presently unknown.
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Craig, Robin Ann. "Real-time PCR analysis of age-dependent alterations in the RVLM neurotransmitter gene expression profile of F344 rats." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/479.

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Ganta, Chanran Kumar. "Central activation of sympathetic neural circuits alters Splenic cytokine gene expression." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/195.

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Hosking, Kimberley Gowens. "Inhibition of RVLM synaptic activation at peak hyperthermia reduces visceral sympathetic nerve discharge." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3680.

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McPhee, Scott William John. "Phenotypic characterisation of the tremor mutant and AAV mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer in the rat model of Canavan disease." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3136372.

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The doctoral studies described in this thesis involve the phenotypic characterization of the tremor rat, an animal model of Canavan disease, and a proof of principle gene transfer study in this model. The phenotype of the tremor rat is examined at the genetic, molecular, cellular, neurochemical, physical and behavioural levels, and tremor mutants are described within the context of Canavan disease. Tremor mutants appear to share many phenotypes with both human patients and to the knock-out mouse model. The deletion of aspartoacylase results in a total loss of the capacity to metabolize N-acetyl-aspartate to acetate and aspartate in brain, leading to elevations in brain N-acetyl-aspartate levels, changes in cell and tissue morphology, and physical and behavioural deficits including mild akinesia and loss of normal motor coordination and balance. Parallel to this work was the development of a gene transfer approach to treat Canavan disease, involving Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of aspartoacylase to the mammalian central nervous system. Gene transfer was undertaken in tremor rat mutants, and analysis was made of gene expression and function as well as the effect of aspartoacylase expression on improving the phenotypic deficits observed in mutant animals. Gene expression was observed at the RNA and protein level, with recombinant protein observed in cell soma and processes. Although not significant the data suggested a trend of decreased NAA levels after aspartoacylase transfer in comparison to animals injected with a vector encoding green fluorescent protein. Improvement was noted in the rotorod phenotype with mutant animals receiving aspartoacylase gene transfer performing better at tests of balance and coordinated locomotion than animals receiving a control vector. The study provided evidence that Adeno-associated virus mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer to the brain improves some of the deficits in tremor mutants, and supports the rationale of human gene transfer for Canavan disease.<br>Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Warner, Matthew D. "Novel peptide-based materials assemble into adhesive structures: circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission elect[r]on microscopy studies." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1654.

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Podkowa, Monika. "Characterization of BMP Signalling Pathways Mediated by the BMP Type II Receptor, BMPRII, Regulating Neuronal Morphogenesis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24856.

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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) regulate numerous biological processes including neuronal development. The growth and morphological differentiation of dendrites are critical events in the establishment of proper neuronal connectivity and neural function. One extrinsic factor, BMP7, has been shown to specifically affect dendritic morphogenesis. Here, I describe the elucidation of novel signalling mechanisms involving the BMP type II receptor, BMPRII, during BMP7-dependent dendrite formation. The carboxy-terminal tail of BMPRII binds regulators of the cytoskeleton, and acts as a scaffold to localize and coordinate cytoskeletal remodelling. BMP7-induced localized remodelling of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton mediated by BMPRII-bound LIMK1 and JNK, contributes to BMP7-dependent dendrite formation. In addition, in efforts to understand how BMP-induced activation of LIMK1 and JNK is regulated, upstream regulators, Rho GTPase, Cdc42, a Rho GTPase effector, PAK1, and a guanine exchange factor (GEF), αPIX, were identified as novel interacting partners of the BMP type I receptor, ALK2. Thus, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing BMP7-dependent dendrite formation, defines the extracellular cue, BMP7, as a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in neurons.
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Choudhury, Mayukh. "The role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and synaptic protein GABAA-R in cortical GABAergic cell connectivity." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13978.

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Quelque 30 % de la population neuronale du cortex mammalien est composée d’une population très hétérogène d’interneurones GABAergiques. Ces interneurones diffèrent quant à leur morphologie, leur expression génique, leurs propriétés électrophysiologiques et leurs cibles subcellulaires, formant une riche diversité. Après leur naissance dans les éminences ganglioniques, ces cellules migrent vers les différentes couches corticales. Les interneurones GABAergiques corticaux exprimant la parvalbumin (PV), lesquels constituent le sous-type majeur des interneurones GABAergiques, ciblent spécifiquement le soma et les dendrites proximales des neurones principaux et des neurones PV+. Ces interneurones sont nommés cellules à panier (Basket Cells –BCs) en raison de la complexité morphologique de leur axone. La maturation de la connectivité distincte des BCs PV+, caractérisée par une augmentation de la complexité de l’axone et de la densité synaptique, se déroule graduellement chez la souris juvénile. Des travaux précédents ont commencé à élucider les mécanismes contrôlant ce processus de maturation, identifiant des facteurs génétiques, l’activité neuronale ainsi que l’expérience sensorielle. Cette augmentation marquante de la complexité axonale et de la synaptogénèse durant cette phase de maturation suggère la nécessité d’une synthèse de protéines élevée. La voie de signalisation de la cible mécanistique de la rapamycine (Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin -mTOR) a été impliquée dans le contrôle de plusieurs aspects neurodéveloppementaux en régulant la synthèse de protéines. Des mutations des régulateurs Tsc1 et Tsc2 du complexe mTOR1 causent la sclérose tubéreuse (TSC) chez l’humain. La majorité des patients TSC développent des problèmes neurologiques incluant des crises épileptiques, des retards mentaux et l’autisme. D’études récentes ont investigué le rôle de la dérégulation de la voie de signalisation de mTOR dans les neurones corticaux excitateurs. Toutefois, son rôle dans le développement des interneurones GABAergiques corticaux et la contribution spécifique de ces interneurones GABAergiques altérés dans les manifestations de la maladie demeurent largement inconnus. Ici, nous avons investigué si et comment l’ablation du gène Tsc1 perturbe le développement de la connectivité GABAergique, autant in vitro que in vivo. Pour investiguer le rôle de l’activation de mTORC1 dans le développement d’une BC unique, nous avons délété le gène Tsc1 en transfectant CRE-GFP dirigé par un promoteur spécifique aux BCs dans des cultures organotypiques provenant de souris Tsc1lox. Le knockdown in vitro de Tsc1 a causé une augmentation précoce de la densité des boutons et des embranchements terminaux formés par les BCs mutantes, augmentation renversée par le traitement à la rapamycine. Ces données suggèrent que l’hyperactivation de la voie de signalisation de mTOR affecte le rythme de la maturation des synapses des BCs. Pour investiguer le rôle de mTORC1 dans les interneurones GABAergiques in vivo, nous avons croisé les souris Tsc1lox avec les souris Nkx2.1-Cre et PV-Cre. À P18, les souris Tg(Nkx2.1-Cre);Tsc1flox/flox ont montré une hyperactivation de mTORC1 et une hypertrophie somatique des BCs de même qu’une augmentation de l’expression de PV dans la région périsomatique des neurones pyramidaux. Au contraire, à P45 nous avons découvert une réduction de la densité des punctas périsomatiques PV-gephyrin (un marqueur post-synaptique GABAergique). L’étude de la morphologie des BCs en cultures organotypiques provenant du knock-out conditionnel Nkx2.1-Cre a confirmé l’augmentation initiale du rythme de maturation, lequel s’effondre ensuite aux étapes développementales tardives. De plus, les souris Tg(Nkx2.1Cre);Tsc1flox/flox montrent des déficits dans la mémoire de travail et le comportement social et ce d’une façon dose-dépendante. En somme, ces résultats suggèrent que l’activation contrôlée de mTOR régule le déroulement de la maturation et la maintenance des synapses des BCs. Des dysfonctions de la neurotransmission GABAergique ont été impliquées dans des maladies telles que l’épilepsie et chez certains patients, elles sont associées avec des mutations du récepteur GABAA. De quelle façon ces mutations affectent le processus de maturation des BCs demeuret toutefois inconnu. Pour adresser cette question, nous avons utilisé la stratégie Cre-lox pour déléter le gène GABRA1, codant pour la sous-unité alpha-1 du récepteur GABAA dans une unique BC en culture organotypique. La perte de GABRA1 réduit l’étendue du champ d’innervation des BCs, suggérant que des variations dans les entrées inhibitrices en raison de l’absence de la sous-unité GABAAR α1 peuvent affecter le développement des BCs. La surexpression des sous-unités GABAAR α1 contenant des mutations identifiées chez des patients épileptiques ont montré des effets similaires en termes d’étendue du champ d’innervation des BCs. Pour approfondir, nous avons investigué les effets de ces mutations identifiées chez l’humain dans le développement des épines des neurones pyramidaux, lesquelles sont l’endroit privilégié pour la formation des synapses excitatrices. Somme toute, ces données montrent pour la première fois que différentes mutations de GABRA1 associées à des syndromes épileptiques peuvent affecter les épines dendritiques et la formation des boutons GABAergiques d’une façon mutation-spécifique.<br>About 30% of the total neuronal population in the mammalian cortex is composed by a very heterogeneous population of GABAergic interneurons. These interneurons differ in their morphology, gene expression, electrophysiological properties and subcellular targets, thus establishing a rich diversity. After birth in the ganglionic eminences these cells migrate to distinct cortical layers. Parvalbumin (PV) expressing cortical GABAergic cells which constitute the major GABAergic subtype specifically targets the soma and proximal dendrites of principal neurons and PV+ cells. These cells are often referred as Basket cells (BCs) because of the intricate morphological complexity of their axons. The maturation of the distinct connectivity of PV+ BCs, characterized by an increase of axon complexity and synapse density, occurs gradually in juvenile mice. Previous studies started to elucidate the mechanisms controlling this maturation process, including genetic factors, neuronal activity and sensory experiences. The striking increase in axonal complexity and synaptogenesis occurring during the maturation phase suggests the requirement for elevated proteins synthesis in order to sustain the developmental process. The Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been implicated in controlling several aspects of neurodevelopment by regulating protein synthesis. Mutations in the regulatory components Tsc1 and Tsc2 of mTOR-Complex1 (mTORC1) cause the disease Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC) in humans. The majority of TSC patients develop neurological problems including seizures, mental retardation and autism. Recent studies investigated the role of mTOR pathway dys-regulation in excitatory cortical cells, however its role in the development of cortical GABAergic interneurons and the specific contribution of altered GABAergic cells in disease manifestation remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether and how Tsc1 knockout perturbs GABAergic circuit development, both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the role of mTORC1 activation in BC development, we knocked out Tsc1 expression, by transfecting Cre-GFP driven by a promoter specific for BCs in cortical organotypic cultures prepared from Tsc1lox mice. Tsc1 knockdown in vitro caused a precocious increase in bouton density and terminal branching formed by mutant BCs, which was reversed by Rapamycin treatment. These data suggest that mTOR pathway hyperactivation affects the timing of BC synapse maturation. To investigate the role of mTORC1 in GABAergic cells in vivo, we bred Tsc1lox mice with Nkx2.1-Cre and PV-Cre mice. At P18, Tg(Nkx2.1Cre),Tsc1flox/flox mice showed both mTORC1 hyperactivation and somatic hypertrophy in BCs along with increased expression of PV in the perisomatic region of pyramidal neurons. In contrast, by P45 we found a reduction of PV-gephyrin (post-synaptic GABAergic marker) perisomatic puncta density. Study of BC morphology in organotypic cultures from the Nkx2.1-Cre conditional knockout confirmed the occurrence of a faster maturation rate initially which however collapsed at later stages. Additionally Tg(Nkx2.1Cre),Tsc1flox/flox mice exhibit Tsc1 dose-dependent deficits in working memory and social behaviour. All together, these results suggest that controlled mTOR activation regulates both the time course and the maintenance of BC synapses. Dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission has been implicated in several disease states like epilepsy and in some patients it is associated with mutations in the GABAA receptor. How these mutations affect the BC cell maturation process remains largely unknown. To address this question, we used the Cre-lox strategy to knockout the endogenous GABRA1 gene coding for the GABAA-receptor alpha-1 subunit in single PV-expressing basket cells (BCs) in organotypic cultures. Cell-autonomous loss of GABRA1 reduced the extent of BC innervation field suggesting changes in inhibitory inputs caused by the absence of GABAAR α1 subunit may alter BC development. Over-expression of mutant GABAAR α1 subunits (found in patients diagnosed with epilepsy) show similar effects in terms of BC target coverage. Further studies involved the effect of these human mutations in the development of Pyramidal cell dendritic spines, which are the preferential site for excitatory synapse formation. Altogether, this data show for the first time that different GABRA1 mutations associated with genetic epilepsy syndromes can affect dendritic spine and GABAergic bouton formation in a mutation-specific manner.
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Lupien-Meilleur, Alexis. "Investigation de l'implication des neurones GABAergiques exprimant la parvalbumine dans les déficits cognitifs associés aux délétions du gène Cacna1a." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12447.

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Dudilot, Anthony. "Implication du Régulateur endogène de la Calcineurine 1 dans la transmission et la plasticité synaptique." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19030.

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Le régulateur endogène de la calcineurine 1 (RCAN1) est exprimé dans les neurones, cependant son rôle dans la régulation de la transmission et de la plasticité synaptique est mal connu. De manière intéressante, plusieurs études dans les cellules cardiaques et les levures montrent une double régulation de la calcineurine 1 (CaN1) par RCAN1. Il est décrit qu'en fonction de son état de phosphorylation par la kinase glycogène synthase 3β (GSK3β), RCAN1 réprime la CaN1 à l'état déphosphorylé, mais il faciliterait son activité à l'état phosphorylé. La régulation de la CaN1 par RCAN1 phosphorylé n'a encore jamais été étudiée dans les neurones et pourrait mettre en relation deux acteurs majeurs de la dépression à long terme (LTD), à savoir la CaN1 et la GSK3β. Par ailleurs une étude récente a montré que RCAN1 peut également être phosphorylé par la protéine kinase A (PKA), une kinase essentielle dans la mise en place de la potentialisation à long terme (LTP), entrainant ainsi une augmentation de l’inhibition de la CaN1 par RCAN1. Dans les neurones, RCAN1 pourrait donc potentiellement réguler à la fois la LTP et la LTD dépendamment de son état de phosphorylation. Mes travaux visent à élucider si RCAN1 est capable de réguler la transmission et de la plasticité synaptique en fonction de son état de phosphorylation et si son action dépend de la CaN1. Afin de déterminer le rôle de RCAN1 dans ces processus, une combinaison de techniques de biologie moléculaire, d’électrophysiologie et d'imagerie a été employée. Nous avons généré des mutations ponctuelles de RCAN1 sauvage de manière à rendre RCAN1 non phosphorylable par la GSK3β ou la PKA. L’expression virale de RCAN1 et de ses différents mutants dans des cultures primaires de neurones d’hippocampe a révélé que RCAN1, dans ses versions sauvage et mutées, est localisé au niveau des épines dendritiques, suggérant une possible fonction de RCAN1 à la synapse. De manière à déterminer les effets de RCAN1 sur la transmission et la plasticité synaptique, j’ai exprimé de manière virale RCAN1 et ses différents mutants dans des tranches organotypiques d'hippocampes de rat et analysé leurs effets par enregistrement en ‘‘patch-clamp’’ en configuration de cellule entière. J’ai pu observer que le blocage du site de phosphorylation de RCAN1 par la GSK3β entraînait une augmentation de la transmission synaptique ainsi qu’un blocage de la LTD. De plus j’ai démontré que la LTP été bloquée lorsque la PKA ne pouvait pas phosphoryler RCAN1. Enfin nous avons pu déterminer que ces différents effets de RCAN1 sur la transmission et la plasticité synaptique étaient dépendants de la CaN1. Nous avons donc démontré une cascade d’évènements et mis en évidence le rôle clé de RCAN1 dans la régulation de la LTP et de la LTD. Nous proposons donc que RCAN1 permet de moduler la transmission et la plasticité synaptique en fonction de son état de phosphorylation par la GSK3β et la PKA en agissant sur la CaN1, en étant un effecteur de la GSK3β lors de l’induction de la LTD ainsi qu’un effecteur de la PKA lors de l’induction de la LTP.<br>The endogenous regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is expressed in neurons, nevertheless its role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity is not well understood. Interestingly, several studies in cardiac cells and yeasts show that RCAN1 is able to inhibit or activate CaN1 depending on its phosphorylation state by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). RCAN1 is able to inhibit CaN1 when it is not phosphorylated by GSK3β and able to activate it in its phosphorylated state. The regulation of CaN1 by phosphorylated RCAN1 has never been studied in neurons although it could provide a critical link between two major actors of long-term depression (LTD), CaN1 and GSK3β. Furthermore, a recent study revealed that RCAN1 can also be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), a kinase involved in regulating long-term potentiation (LTP), leading to an increase of CaN1 inhibition by RCAN1. Thus, in neurons, the differential phosphorylation of RCAN1 could potentially regulate both LTP and LTD. My work therefore investigates how, depending on its phosphorylation state, RCAN1 affects synaptic transmission and plasticity and if this occurs via a direct action on CaN1. In order to determine the role of RCAN1 phosphorylation in synaptic plasticity, a combination of molecular biology, imaging and electrophysiology was used. We generated point mutations of wild type RCAN1 in order to obtain two non-phosphorylable forms of RCAN1: one that couldn’t be phosphorylated by GSK3β, and another one that PKA could not phosphorylate. Viral expression of RCAN1 and its phosphorylation deficient mutants in dissociated hippocampal cultures revealed that they are localized within dendritic spines, hinting at a synaptic function of RCAN1. To determine the effects of RCAN1 on synaptic transmission and plasticity, I virally expressed RCAN1 and the phosphorylation deficient mutants of RCAN1 in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and analyzed their effects on synaptic plasticity by whole cell ‘‘patch-clamp’’ recordings. I observed that the blockade of the GSK3β phosphorylation site in RCAN1 increased synaptic transmission and blocked LTD induction. Furthermore, I demonstrate that LTP was blocked when PKA was unable to phosphorylate RCAN1. Finally, I determined that these distinct effects of RCAN1 on synaptic transmission and plasticity were directly dependent on CaN1. I thus define a cascade of events as well as demonstrate the key role of RCAN1 in the regulation of both LTP and LTD. Based on my results, I propose that iv RCAN1 modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity according to its phosphorylation states by GSK3β and PKA, via its direct action on CaN1, being an effector of both GSK3β during LTD and PKA during LTP induction.
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