Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry"

1

Drobyk, N. M., M. M. Barna, L. S. Barna, V. Z. Kurant та A. I. Herts. "ХІМІКО-БІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГНАТЮКА: ІСТОРІЯ, СЬОГОДЕННЯ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ (до 80-річчя заснування)". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 79, № 1-2 (2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.20.1-2.17.

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The facts and figures related to the 80-year history of formation and development of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University are provided. The main stages of foundation, development of the faculty, achievements of the teaching staff in educational and research work are highlighted.
 The structural elements of the faculty are characterized: the department of botany and zoology, general biology and methods of instruction of natural sciences, chemistry and methods of its teaching, laboratory of biology and ecology “Holytskyi botany and entomology preserve of the university", agrobiological laboratory, “Educational laboratory of morphology and systematics of plants - herbarium”, educational and methodical room “Zoological Museum”, laboratory of ecobiotechnologies and basics of health, laboratory of experimental biology, Botanical Garden, within which the Biblical Botanical Garden was launched in 2019. 
 The following qualifications and majors are enlisted, in particular: bachelor’s degree - 014 Secondary education (Biology), 014 Secondary education (Biology and human health), 014 Secondary education (Chemistry), 014 Secondary education (Natural sciences), 202 Plant protection and quarantine; master’s degree - 014 Secondary education (Biology and human health), 014 Secondary education (Chemistry), 014 Secondary education (Natural sciences), 091 Biology, 102 Chemistry.
 Considerable attention is paid to scientific work, in particular research laboratories: cytoembryology, plant physiology and microbiology, ecological biochemistry, comparative biochemistry and molecular biology, ecology and biotechnology, ecotoxicology and bioindication, chemistry of unsaturated compounds, as well as scientific and methodological center of natural sciences. 
 It should be emphasized that the faculty creates ample opportunities for postgraduate work, and PhD studies both TNPU-based and in other educational and scientific institutions, as well as for scientific publications in «Scientific Notes of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology.» (category B) and “Scientific notes of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Chemistry ".
 Career counselling is an integral part of work carried out at the faculty. Prospects for further development of the faculty are outlined.
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Nadarajah, Kalaivani, Nur Wahida Abdul Hamid, and Nur Sabrina Natasha Abdul Rahman. "SA-Mediated Regulation and Control of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115591.

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Environmental or abiotic stresses are a common threat that remains a constant and common challenge to all plants. These threats whether singular or in combination can have devastating effects on plants. As a semiaquatic plant, rice succumbs to the same threats. Here we systematically look into the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of abiotic stress in rice. Studies have shown that the level of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) is high in rice compared to any other plant species. The reason behind this elevated level and the contribution of this molecule towards abiotic stress management and other underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood in rice. In this review we will address various abiotic stresses that affect the biochemistry and physiology of rice and the role played by SA in its regulation. Further, this review will elucidate the potential mechanisms that control SA-mediated stress tolerance in rice, leading to future prospects and direction for investigation.
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Devinyak, Oleg, Iryna Stan, Viktoriya Syatynya, Yaroslava Deyak, Olena Lytvyn, and Ivan Kachur. "PHARMACY STUDY PLANS IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 121, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(121).2021.13-21.

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Careful design of study plan is a key element of any successful educational program. Till 2018 Ministry of Health of Ukraine regulated the structure of Pharmacy study plans through the adoption of unified Ministerial study plan. Now the responsibility of educational programs and corresponding study plans design in Ukraine is fully transferred to universities. The purpose of this study is to compare the structure and content of pharmacy study plans in Visegrad Group countries with the most recent unified Pharmacy study plan in Ukraine. Methods. The official documents of Warsaw Medical University, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Charles University, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Comenius University, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Semmelweis University and University of Debrecen were studied and data on required courses and corresponding ECTS credits extracted and compared with Ukrainian study plan. Results. Ukrainian unified study plan in Pharmacy pays much more attention to Humanity, Social and Economics section (9 ECTS credits plus 6 ECTS credits of Foreign Language), Computer and IT skills (8 ECTS credits), Hygiene and Ecology (3 ECTS credits), Life Safety, Labor Safety and Bioethics (6 ECTS credits in total), Extreme Medicine and Military Training (6 ECTS credits in total), Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (4 ECTS credits), Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing (12 ECTS credits in total) as compared to foreign universities. While natural science courses receive less ECTS credits in Ukraine, and some courses in rapidly evolving sciences like Molecular Biology, Immunology or Clinical Biochemistry are significantly underrepresented. Conclusions. The Pharmacy study plans of Visegrad Group universities show greater similarity with each other and tend to differ from the Ukrainian Ministerial study plan. The necessary steps to harmonize Pharmacy study plans of Ukrainian universities with V4 countries include the introduction of Molecular Biology, Immunology, Clinical Biochemistry courses, and strengthening the basic medical and chemical science courses like Human Anatomy and Physiology, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
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Filgueiras, Camila C., Adalvan D. Martins, Ramom V. Pereira, and Denis S. Willett. "The Ecology of Salicylic Acid Signaling: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Effects with Applications in Agriculture." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 5851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235851.

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The salicylic acid pathway is one of the primary plant defense pathways, is ubiquitous in vascular plants, and plays a role in rapid adaptions to dynamic abiotic and biotic stress. Its prominence and ubiquity make it uniquely suited for understanding how biochemistry within plants can mediate ecological consequences. Induction of the salicylic acid pathway has primary effects on the plant in which it is induced resulting in genetic, metabolomic, and physiologic changes as the plant adapts to challenges. These primary effects can in turn have secondary consequences for herbivores and pathogens attacking the plant. These secondary effects can both directly influence plant attackers and mediate indirect interactions between herbivores and pathogens. Additionally, stimulation of salicylic acid related defenses can affect natural enemies, predators and parasitoids, which can recruit to plant signals with consequences for herbivore populations and plant herbivory aboveground and belowground. These primary, secondary, and tertiary ecological consequences of salicylic acid signaling hold great promise for application in agricultural systems in developing sustainable high-yielding management practices that adapt to changing abiotic and biotic environments.
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Mannino, Giuseppe, Giorgia Chinigò, Graziella Serio, et al. "Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution and Effect on Human Health." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081229.

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Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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Patyka, V. P., I. P. Hryhoriuk, M. M. Barna, N. M. Drobyk та O. B. Kononchuk. "З ВІДДАНІСТЮ СВОЇЙ СПРАВІ, З ЛЮБОВ’Ю ДО ЛЮДЕЙ ТА З ІСКРОЮ ДОБРА У СЕРЦІ". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 76, № 2 (2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.2.17.

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July 7, 2019 marks the 60th anniversary of the renowned scientist in the field of plant physiology and microbiology, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Higher School of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Botany and Zoology of the Ternopil National Pedagogical University and University
 Svitlana Vasylivna was born in the village of Ishkiv, Koziv district, Ternopil region, to a family of teachers. She started schooling at the Ishkiv eight-year school and later Ternopil Secondary School #8, which she graduated with honours in 1976. In August 1977, she entered Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, Natural Sciences faculty. She graduated with honors in 1982 and got qualification of a teacher of chemistry and biology
 Since July 1982, Svitlana Vasylivna's work has been associated with the Department of Botany (now the Department of Botany and Zoology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University), where she became an assistant at the laboratory of plant physiology and biology.
 As a laboratory assistant, S.V. Pyda commenced her first scientific studies concerned with nitrogen nutrition of legumes supervised by Professor, Head of the Symbiotic Nitrogenation Department of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine Yukhym Polikarpovych Starchenko, candidates of biological sciences, professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute Vekirchyk Kuzma Mykolaiovych and associate professor Butnytskyi Ivan Mykolaiovych.
 From 1989 to 1993 S.V. Pyda carried out scientific research at National Botanical Garden M.M. Hrishko NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv) supervised by professor, head of allelopathy department Holovko Erast Anatoliiovych. May 26, 1994 as a result of scientific research S.V. Pyda became a successful defense of a Ph.D. thesis for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences in the specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology in the specialized scientific council of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine entitled: «Allelopathic and symbiotic features of lupine at different levels of nitrogen nutrition».
 During her postgraduate studies, in 1990 S. V. Pyda was transitioned to the position of Assistant Professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, and after the defense of her Ph.D. thesis in January 1995 – to the post of Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor of Botany – on December 25, 1997. Pyda S.V. was given the academic title of Associate Professor of Botany.
 Pyda S.V. managed to combine her teaching career with scientific research concerned with a wide range of questions of plant physiology, biochemistry and ecology, microbiology, agriculture. Her major research focuses on the biological fixation of molecular nitrogen by legumes, allelopathic and biochemical features of species of the genus Lupine and some floral-ornamental plants, problems of chemical interaction between plants in natural and artificial phytocenoses, microorganisms and agriculture.
 Her 13-year-long scientific work found its expression in the manuscript of the doctoral dissertation, successfully defended on June 14, 2007 for the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences in the specialized academic council of the Uman Agrarian University (now Uman National University of Horticulture) entitled: “Physiology of symbiosis of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) – Lupinus L.: allelopathic analysis” specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology.
 On April 1, 2008, after a significant achievement in the scientific and pedagogical field, the decision of the Scientific Council of the Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Pyda S.V. was appointed the professor of the Department of Botany. On January 20, 2011, by the decision of the Attestation Board of the Ministry of Education and Science, Pyda S.V. was awarded the academic title of Professor of Botany. Since November 26, 2014 prof. Pyda S.V. has been the head of the Department of Botany and Zoology after the merging of the departments of Botany and Zoology.
 Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda’s legacy comprises 342 works, including 4 monographs, 7 utility model patents, over 30 scientific articles, 2 textbooks, 7 methodological tutorials, 1 bibliographic index, 2 e-courses etc.
 Professor S.V. Pyda has been teaching at the University for many years the disciplines "Plant Physiology", "Microbiology with the Fundamentals of Virology", "Research Methods", "Nutrition and Productivity of Plants", "Mechanisms of Plant Productivity". She is also a teacher of Ternopil Oblast Territory -Municipal Branch of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, a member of the jury and head at the numerous competitions of city and all-Ukrainian importance, the head of the Ternopil branch of the Ukrainian Society of Plant Physiologists and Ternopil branch of the Society of microbiologists of Ukraine.
 For a significant contribution to the teacher training courses, the introduction of modern technologies of education and upbringing of student youth and the support of gifted students, Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda was elected Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Higher School of Ukraine, awarded by Ternopil state administration, Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil Oblast Ecological and Naturalistic Center student youth, Ternopil Regional Communal Territorial Branch of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NAS of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science, etc.
 Svitlana Vasylivna considers herself a happy person because she had the best teachers – Yavonenko A.F., Vekirchyk K.M., Shusta I.V., Barna M.M., Butnytskyi I.M., Shymanska V.A., Kuzmovych L.G., Orchuk K.I., Talposha V.S., Grushka S.I., Yakovleva V.O., Yakovenko B.V., Kuratova T.S., colleagues and scholars such as Y. P. Starchenko, E.A. Golovko, V.P.Patyk, I.P. Grygoryuk, friends, and sincere and friendly people. She is a role model and we all appreciate her dignity, integrity, high spirits and loyalty to Ukraine and science.
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Juzoń, Katarzyna, Dominika Idziak-Helmcke, Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek, et al. "Functioning of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Response to Drought Stress in Oat × Maize Addition Lines." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186958.

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The oat × maize chromosome addition (OMA) lines, as hybrids between C3 and C4 plants, can potentially help us understand the process of C4 photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is often affected by adverse environmental conditions, including drought stress. Therefore, to assess the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in OMA lines under drought stress, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) parameters were investigated. With optimal hydration, most of the tested OMA lines, compared to oat cv. Bingo, showed higher pigment content, and some of them were characterized by increased values of selected CF parameters. Although 14 days of drought caused a decrease of chlorophylls and carotenoids, only slight changes in CF parameters were observed, which can indicate proper photosynthetic efficiency in most of examined OMA lines compared to oat cv. Bingo. The obtained data revealed that expected changes in hybrid functioning depend more on the specific maize chromosome and its interaction with the oat genome rather than the number of retained chromosomes. OMA lines not only constitute a powerful tool for maize genomics but also are a source of valuable variation in plant breeding, and can help us to understand plant susceptibility to drought. Our research confirms more efficient functioning of hybrid photosynthetic apparatus than oat cv. Bingo, therefore contributes to raising new questions in the fields of plant physiology and biochemistry. Due to the fact that the oat genome is not fully sequenced yet, the mechanism of enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in OMA lines requires further research.
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Soares, Sabrina S., Elmira Bekbolatova, Maria Dulce Cotrim, et al. "Chemistry and Pharmacology of the Kazakh Crataegus Almaatensis Pojark: An Asian Herbal Medicine." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080300.

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Crataegus almaatensis, an endemic ornamental plant in Kazakhstan is used in popular medicine due to its cardiotonic properties. The most studied species of the same genus are commonly found in Europe, which shows the importance of having the Kazakh species validated via its chemical and pharmacological studies. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) operated under optimized conditions enabled an isolation of the three main compounds from the aqueous phase of the leaves ethanol extract, further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) (4.02% of the crude extract-CECa); quercetin 3-O-β-galactoside (hyperoside) (1.82% of CECa); kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (afzelin) (0.94% of CECa). The CECa, the aqueous phase of the crude extract (APCa) together with the isolates were evaluated for their vascular (vascular reactivity in human internal mammary artery-HIMA), anti-nociceptive (formalin-induced liking response and hot plate) and anti-inflammatory (subcutaneous air-pouch model-SAP) activities. CECa at the concentrations of 0.014 and 0.14 mg/mL significantly increased the maximum contractility response of HIMA to noradrenaline. The APCa CR curve (0.007–0.7 mg/mL) showed an intrinsic relaxation effect of the HIMA. APCa at the dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. significantly decreased the total leukocyte count and the IL-1β release in the SAP wash.
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Antonijević, Marko R., Dušica M. Simijonović, Edina H. Avdović, et al. "Green One-Pot Synthesis of Coumarin-Hydroxybenzohydrazide Hybrids and Their Antioxidant Potency." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071106.

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Compounds from the plant world that possess antioxidant abilities are of special importance for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Coumarins are a large, widely distributed group of natural compounds, usually found in plants, often with good antioxidant capacity. The coumarin-hydroxybenzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized using a green, one-pot protocol. This procedure includes the use of an environmentally benign mixture (vinegar and ethanol) as a catalyst and solvent, as well as very easy isolation of the desired products. The obtained compounds were structurally characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The purity of all compounds was determined by HPLC and by elemental microanalysis. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity. Mechanisms of antioxidative activity were theoretically investigated by the density functional theory approach and the calculated values of various thermodynamic parameters, such as bond dissociation enthalpy, proton affinity, frontier molecular orbitals, and ionization potential. In silico calculations indicated that hydrogen atom transfer and sequential proton loss–electron transfer reaction mechanisms are probable, in non-polar and polar solvents respectively. Additionally, it was found that the single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer was not an operative mechanism in either solvent. The conducted tests indicate the excellent antioxidant activity, as well as the low potential toxicity, of the investigated compounds, which makes them good candidates for potential use in food chemistry.
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Medina, Sonia, Ángel Gil-Izquierdo, Thierry Durand, Federico Ferreres, and Raúl Domínguez-Perles. "Structural/Functional Matches and Divergences of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans with Bioactive Human Oxylipins." Antioxidants 7, no. 11 (2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7110165.

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Structure-activity relationship (SAR) constitutes a crucial topic to discover new bioactive molecules. This approach initiates with the comparison of a target candidate with a molecule or a collection of molecules and their attributed biological functions to shed some light in the details of one or more SARs and subsequently using that information to outline valuable application of the newly identified compounds. Thus, while the empiric knowledge of medicinal chemistry is critical to these tasks, the results retrieved upon dedicated experimental demonstration retrieved resorting to modern high throughput analytical approaches and techniques allow to overwhelm the constraints adduced so far to the successful accomplishment of such tasks. Therefore, the present work reviews critically the evidences reported to date on the occurrence of phytoprostanes and phytofurans in plant foods, and the information available on their bioavailability and biological activity, shedding some light on the expectation waken up due to their structural similarities with prostanoids and isoprostanes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry"

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Willett, Deanna Allyn. "Temperature-regulated proteins in plants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291647.

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Studies in this thesis concern expression of one class of small HSPs (sHSPs) in field grown desert plant species and the isolation of a new HSP gene encoding an sHSP targeted to plant mitochondria. Expression of class I, cytosolic sHSPs was assessed in three desert species: Screwbean Mesquite, Baja Fairyduster, and Sweet Acacia. Total leaf protein, and if available, flower and pod protein, was extracted from samples and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Sweet Acacia showed strong sHSP expression in leaves with an apparent diurnal pattern of increased expression in the hotter PM. Screwbean Mesquite pods showed significant sHSP expression, which was not correlated to temperature. The isolation and sequence analysis of a gene encoding a mitochondrion-localized sHSP from Arabidopsis was completed. Comparisons to other plant sHSPs verified it was most similar to other mitochondrial-localized sHSPs from plants.
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Tao, Titus. "Functional characterization of ZmGRP5, a glycine-rich protein specifically expressed in the cell wall of maize silk tissue." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26780.

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Silk tissue is a specialized reproductive tissue of the maize plant, equivalent to the stigma and style portion of the female inflorescence. The moist and nutrient rich properties of maize silk tissue that facilitate pollen reception and the support of pollen tube growth also make maize silk a preferred site of infection by fungal pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum. The cDNA clone zmgrp5 was isolated in a previous study to identify silk tissue-specific genes. ZmGRP5, the encoded protein, was predicted to be a cell wall glycine-rich protein (GRP) and was experimentally characterized in this study. Using polyclonal antiserum, immunoblot analysis confirmed the silk tissue specificity of the protein. Additionally, subcellular fractionation studies confirmed ZmGRP5 localization in the cell wall fraction, and not in any other subcellular fractions. Interaction of ZmGRP5 with the cell wall matrix was observed to be disrupted by the addition of the reducing agent beta-ME. The reversible nature of disulfide bond formation and disruption under different redox conditions suggest that ZmGRP5 could potentially be important in the regulation of cell wall structural properties such as elasticity and rigidity in accordance with environmental and developmental changes. The variable immobilization of ZmGRP5 to the cell wall matrix could also serve as a potential mechanism of activation or inactivation of any non-structural functions. The identification of potential post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, which are rarely observed in other cell wall GRPs, suggest that the functional significance of these modifications in ZmGRP5 is worthy of further study.
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Getzoff, Timothy Paul 1964. "Structure-function relationships for the small subunit (S) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase: Foreign S expression and characterization of engineered protein." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282538.

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This dissertation addresses how small subunit (S) of higher plant Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (EC4.1.1.39) might influence Rubisco function. Toward this analysis a pea RbcS 3A cDNA expression cassette was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Analysis of RNA blots and 2-D gels indicate pea RbcS 3A is expressed and the S protein product is transported into Arabidopsis chloroplasts, processed and assembled into a stable chimeric holoenzyme. Incorporation of only one pea S per Arabidopsis Rubisco was sufficient to allow biochemical analyses. Biochemical analyses determined that chimeric enzymes displayed lower carboxylase activity (Vc) than WT Arabidopsis Rubisco coincident and consistent with the amount of pea S present in holoenzymes. Lower Vc is likely the result of reduced carbamylation following activation. Enhancement of Vc following temperature treatment at 42°C is kinetic evidence of increased activity of active sites which not due to differences in carbamylation. Unlike wild-type Rubisco, chimeric enzymes do not display the expected increase in carboxylase activity following activation at 42°C. This indicates S plays a role in allowing increased activity of neighboring L. Thus, both carbamylation and activity are disrupted by the interaction of pea S and Arabidopsis L. Kinetic data and formulae offered here support a structural model whereby S influences activity by allowing S-dependent interaction between L active sites. Also, high-temperature treated Rubisco shows a more pronounced fallover. This suggests that 42°C caused changes within Rubisco which either increase the synthesis of inhibitors or the response to inhibitors. To enhance abundance of pea S relative to Arabidopsis S pea S expressing plants were transformed with oligo-antisense cassettes targeting the 5'UTR and transit peptide of endogenous Arabidopsis RbcS transcripts. These doubly transformed plants were grown on media with 3% sucrose to cause metabolite repression which can further reduce endogenous Arabidopsis RbcS expression. However, both antisense and metabolite repression reduce the amount of pea S relative to Arabidopsis S protein. Genetic crosses between independently transformed plants expressing pea S suggest that expression of different amounts of pea S can be achieved.
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Wehmeyer, Nadja. "Arabidopsis class I small heat shock proteins: Regulation and functional analysis during seed development." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284011.

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The goal of this dissertation was to analyze the regulation and function of cytoplasmic class I small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) during seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results show that two class I sHSPs accumulate in late seed maturation, persist in the dry seed and decline rapidly during germination. HSP17.4 accounts for 90% of total class I sHSP in the dry seed. The temporal pattern of sHSP accumulation during seed development suggests that HSP17.4 may help establish seed properties that are acquired during late seed maturation, such as dormancy or desiccation tolerance. Several mutants with reduced seed dormancy were determined to accumulate wild type levels of HSP17.4, however, all desiccation intolerant seeds analyzed had decreased levels of HSP17.4. Thus, HSP17.4 reduction correlates with desiccation intolerance. In total, these data suggest that HSP17.4 is not sufficient for seed dormancy and that it may be necessary for desiccation tolerance. The localization and regulation of HSP17.4 were examined in developing Arabidopsis seeds by transforming plants with hsp17.4 promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. HSP17.4::GUS expression was detected in the cotyledons early in seed development and eventually throughout the embryo. Arabidopsis embryos showed a much different pattern of HSP17.4::GUS expression in response to heat indicating distinct mechanisms regulate sHSP transcription during heat shock and during development. To analyze seed specific transcriptional activator regulation of HSP17.4 transcription, HSP17.4::GUS transgenic plants were crossed to seed transcriptional activator mutants. Results showed aberrant localization of HSP17.4::GUS in fus3-3 and lec1-2 seeds and negligible levels in abi3-6. These results strongly implicate AB13 in the transcriptional regulation of HSP17.4. To analyze more specifically HSP17.4 function, transgenic antisense technology was used to suppress hsp17.4 expression to 30--50% of wild type. These lines exhibited a reduced dormancy phenotype as assayed by reduced sensitivity to germination on ABA and by the ability of fresh seed to germinate. These data provide insight into the localization, regulation and function of HSP17.4 during seed maturation. The seed-specific transcriptional activator ABI3 is implicated in controlling hsp17.4 expression during development. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of HSP17.4 during seed maturation, and establish a role for sHSPs in dormancy.
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DiCenzo, Gregory Lawrence. "Elucidation of late steps in pisatin biosynthesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282830.

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Many plant species, in response to stresses, accumulate low molecular weight secondary metabolites called phytoalexins. Pea (Pisum sativum ) makes a pterocarpanoid phytoalexin called pisatin which is relatively unique among pterocarpans because its stereochemical configuration is different at two adjacent carbons from the corresponding carbons in pterocarpan phytoalexins synthesized by alfalfa, soybean, clover and other legumes. Previous research demonstrated that an (-) isoflavanone-synthesizing isoflavone reductase (EFR) is induced during (+) pisatin biosynthesis and the final step in the biosynthesis is the methylation of (+) cis-6a-hydroxymaackiain (HMK) by 6a-hydroxymaackiainmethyltransferase (HMM). And, contrary to a predominant model of (+) pisatin biosynthesis, the 6a-OH of pisatin was shown to involve oxygen from H₂O rather than O₂. This work describes the role of (-) isoflavanone (sophorol) in (+) pisatin biosynthesis. Radioactive tracer techniques were used both in vivo and in vitro to analyze metabolism of (-) sophorol and related isoflavonoids. I have found that, in vivo, the incorporation of (-) sophorol into (+) pisatin is more efficient than the incorporation of (+) sophorol and (+) maackiain, suggesting that the normal biosynthetic route to (+) pisatin utilizes (-) and not (+) sophorol and does not use maackiain. (+) Sophorol is not metabolized in vitro by pea protein extracts, although isoflavene, 7,2 '-Dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavanol (DMDI) and a novel diastereomer of HMK, trans-HMK, accumulate when (-) sophorol is used as substrate. A cDNA from pea, which encodes sophorol reductase (SOR), was cloned by homology to an alfalfa cDNA coding for isoflavanone reductase. The SOR cDNA was found to be transcribed in response to CuCl₂ treatment of pea seedlings, as was previously found for cDNAs of IFR and HMM, which are involved in pisatin biosynthesis. The SOR cDNA gene product specifically reduces (-) and not (+) sophorol in vitro. DMDI, the product formed by the activity from the recombinant protein, is incorporated in vivo into (+) pisatin. My current model of (+) HMK synthesis proposes that (-) sophorol and (3R) DMDI are normal in vivo pathway intermediates. However, trans-HMK is likely an artifact as it is a poor pisatin intermediate in vivo and is also a poor substrate in vitro for HMM.
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Wijeweera, Priyantha. "Phytochemical basis for the anxiolytic activity of the ayurvedic medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L) Urb (gotukola)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26349.

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Gotukola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) (Apiaceae), its extracts and the pure compound asiaticoside were studied for anxiolytic activity in thirteen standardized rat trials. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to conduct the phytochemical analysis. Among different models tested, the most promising positive response for anxiolytic activity was observed in the elevated plus maze test conducted with: (a) whole plant materials, (b) ethyl acetate and methanol fractions and (c) asiaticoside. The results show for the first time that asiaticoside and triterpene enriched fractions of gotukola have anxiolytic effects in animal models. Therefore, they are recommended for clinical trials. The findings of this study also support the ayurvedic use of gotukola for psychiatric disorders. Other supplementary investigations conducted show that methyl jasmonate and full sunlight enhance the expression of asiaticoside in gotukola plants. The stolon explants were more successful compared to the leaf explants in in vitro propagation of gotukola.
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Gagnon, Jeffrey. "The proprotein convertases in the murine small intestine." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28225.

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The small intestine (SI) is a major endocrine organ with over 40 precursor hormones produced and proteolytically matured into active peptide hormones which signal throughout the body including the pancreas and CNS. One group of enzymes believed to be responsible for this maturation is the family of protein convertases (PCSKs). Using double immunofluorescent microscopy, the spatial localization of PCSK1, 2 and 3 in each region of the SI and colocalization with potential intestinal substrates was examined in mice. A unique regional expression pattern was observed for each of the PCSKs and several hormones examined exhibited high levels of colocalization. Next the gastrointestinal physiology of the PCSK2 knock out (KO) mouse was examined and correlated with the circulating levels of hormones known to mediate these functions. KO animals consume less food immediately after refeeding and have delayed intestinal transit. Several of the hormones responsible for feeding and intestinal motility were modulated in the PCSK KO animals. These studies suggest that the PCSK1 2 and 3 are present in the SI and required for normal functionality.
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Rashotte, Aaron Michael. "Epicuticular wax in Arabidopsis thaliana: A study of the genetics, chemistry, structure, and interactions with insects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284206.

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Epicuticular wax (EW) forms the outermost layer over aerial portions of a plant. EW has been studied in plants for more than 100 years, yet there is a great deal that is still not known about epicuticular wax. The work in this dissertation has taken a broad view in investigating EW of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this dissertation I examined EW chemistry, EW structure, and mapped positions of existing and novel eceriferum or cer mutants. Additionally, I worked to develop new EW pathway models, establish correlations between EW chemistry and structure, and examine a possible functional role for EW in insect interactions. More specifically this dissertation project has attempted to expand the baseline knowledge of EW and of EW mutants in A. thaliana.
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Chen, Guohua 1966. "A potential role of iron-regulatory proteins in tumor growth /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97925.

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Iron is indispensable for cell proliferation and growth, but it is potentially toxic when present in excess. Two homologous iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) control cellular iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs) and post-transcriptionally coordinating the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and ferritin. We have previously reported that overexpression of IRP1C437S, a constitutive IRP1 mutant, inhibits H1299 human lung cancer cell growth in vitro. In current study, we investigated the potential role of IRPs in tumor growth in vivo by the injection of H1299 cells expressing IRP1C437S or wild type IRP1 or IRP2 into the flanks of nude mice. We observed that overexpression of IRP1C437S or wild type IRP1 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. In contrast, surprisingly, overexpression of wild type IRP2 promoted tumor growth. Our results suggest that IRP1 may exhibit tumor suppressor activity, while IRP2 may have oncogenic activity.
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Hopewell, Shawn. "Effects of phosphatidylinositol on ApoA-I metabolism: Implications in HDL metabolism." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27987.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Attempts to prevent CHD using LDL lowering medications have been only partly successful and new approaches are under investigation. Significant efforts are being made to develop therapeutics that raise plasma HDL levels to aid in the prevention of CHD. HDL levels are believed to be inversely associated with the risk of developing CHD. Naturally occurring phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI), have been shown to increase plasma apoA-I levels and HDL levels in animal models and human subjects; but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Since in humans, HDL is primarily synthesized in the liver, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanism of PI-induced apoA-I and HDL secretion from liver cells. We show that PI doubles apoA-I/HDL secretion at 24h in a model hepatocyte, HepG2, cell culture system. PI-induced apoA-I secretion is unaffected by PI-3-kinase inhibitors but is sensitive to various MAP kinase inhibitors. While the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 has no effect on PI-induced apoA-I secretion, the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocks PI-induced apoA-I secretion. Inhibition of the JNK MAPK pathway by SP600125 also blocks PI mediated apoA-I secretion. Real-time PCR shows no changes in cellular apoA-I mRNA and suggests that PI is not impacting the transcription of the apoA-I gene. However, the degradation of apoA-I is decreased in PI treated HepG2 cells. Collectively, the data from these investigations suggest that PI acts through mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase pathways to increase plasma apoA-I levels by decreasing the degradation of apoA-I.
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Books on the topic "Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry"

1

Eaton-Rye, Julian J. Photosynthesis: Plastid Biology, Energy Conversion and Carbon Assimilation. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Plant Electrophysiology: Signaling and Responses. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Fiona, Heldt, ed. Plant biochemistry and molecular biology. Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) and Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy, and Culture. Sub Project: Consciousness, Science, Society, Value, and Yoga, eds. From physiology and chemistry to biochemistry. Longman, 2011.

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Birgit, Piechulla, and ScienceDirect (Online service), eds. Plant biochemistry. 4th ed. Academic, 2010.

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Williams, John Peter, Mobashsher Uddin Khan, and Nora Wan Lem, eds. Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7.

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Higuchi, Takayoshi. Biochemistry and molecular biology of wood. Springer, 1997.

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NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on Signals for Cell Separation in Plants (1988 Turin Italy). Cell separation in plants: Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Devi, Prathibha. Principles and methods in plant molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics. Agrobios, 2003.

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1951-, Boylan Lee Mallory, and Driskell Judy A, eds. Nutrition: Chemistry and biology. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biology, Plant Physiology. Chemistry, Biochemistry"

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Moore, Paul H., Andrew H. Paterson, and Thomas Tew. "Sugarcane: The Crop, the Plant, and Domestication." In Sugarcane: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Functional Biology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771280.ch1.

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Harrington, Gregory N., and Daniel R. Bush. "Transport Proteins in Plant Growth and Development." In Sugarcane: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Functional Biology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771280.ch11.

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Joy, Richard W., and Trevor A. Thorpe. "Shoot Morphogenesis: Structure, Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology." In Morphogenesis in Plant Tissue Cultures. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9253-6_7.

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Deka, R. K., and D. Post-Beittenmiller. "Modification of Plant Epicular Waxes." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_15.

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Whitaker, B. D. "Analysis of Plant Cerebrosides by C18 and C6 HPLC." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_46.

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Hansen, J. D., C. Dietrich, Y. Xia, et al. "Molecular Biology of Genes Involved in Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_106.

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Sánchez, Juan, and Joaquín J. Salas. "Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism of Olives." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_103.

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Tissot, G., R. Douce, and C. Alban. "Characterization and Cloning of Biotin Holocarboxylase Synthetase from Higher Plants." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_11.

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Cahoon, Edgar B., and John Shanklin. "Approaches to the Design of Acyl-ACP Desaturases with Altered Fatty Acid Chain-Length and Double Bond Positional Specificities." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_118.

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Taton, M., and A. Rahier. "Plant Sterol Biosynthesis: Identification and Characterization of Δ7-Sterol C5(6)-Desaturase." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_58.

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