Journal articles: 'Biology – Study and teaching (Higher) – Ethiopia'

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Hailu, Nigus Alemu, Tesfaye Tolessa, Zenawi Hagos Gufue, Etsay Weldekidan Tsegay, and Kidanemaryam Berhe Tekola. "The magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019, cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): e0240678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240678.

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Background Patients with Diabetic Mellitus are at higher risk of different complications. Many previous studies show that anemia among diabetic patients is poorly diagnosed. Objective This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adult diabetes patients having regular follow up at the diabetic clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, 2018/19. Methods This study was conducted the Diabetic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Tigray regional state, Northern Ethiopia from January to March 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected by experienced laboratory technologists under a complete aseptic technique. Two ml of the venous blood was used for hemoglobin determination. And three ml of the venous blood was used without any anticoagulant for creatinine determination. The association of variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariable analysis in the logistic regression model with p-value, odds ratio, and 95% CI in the SPSS version 24 software. Results From a total of 262 diabetes patients, forty-seven (17.9%) were found to be anemic (6.7% males and 11.5% females). Among the related factors, residency (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 7.69, 95% CI, 2.060, 28.69, p = 0.002,), age of the patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 4.007, 95%CI, 1.53–10.51, p = 0.005,) and sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.434, 95% CI, 1.582, 7.458, p = 0.042,) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion According to this study, the magnitude of anemia is high among diabetic patients. Occupation of the participants, residency, HIV status, being female, and age was significantly associated with anemia.

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Kumsa, Marema Jebessa, Bizuayehu Nigatu Lemu, and Teklehaimanot Mezgebe Nguse. "Lack of pocket money impacts Ethiopian undergraduate health science students learning activities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0243634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243634.

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Background The cost of university presents various challenges with regards to students’ daily learning activities. This is particularly evident in developing countries, where higher education students face acute financial problems that greatly affect their daily educational activities. In Ethiopia, public university students do benefit from governmental cost-sharing programs. Moreover, health sciences students have additional costs during their clinical placements that are above the common expenses for university students. Objectives Authors aim to explore the challenges that undergraduate health sciences students in their clinical year face with limited pocket money, as well as how students perceive these limited funds affecting their learning activities and their ability to meet challenges. Methods This descriptive qualitative study was conducted at the Department of Medical Radiologic Technology, College of Health Sciences, at Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. Interviews were conducted between January 28, 2019 and February 1, 2019 with twelve students; and only ten participants were included in the study. The semi-structured questions explored participants’ experiences and perceptions regarding the challenges of a lack of pocket money and its impacts on their learning activities. Their reaction to financial challenges was assessed. Results Four themes that are related to the impact of a lack of money on learning activities emerged from our interviews. First, students believed that their difficulty in obtaining pocket money from family or other funding sources contributed to their financial stress, which negatively impacted their learning. Moreover, their difficulty in affording the basic needs for a student greatly affected their learning abilities in the classroom as well as in their clinical placements. The ability to self-manage was also a significant concern for students, with the pressure to use self-control and proper money management adding to their financial stress. Lastly, students observed that the lack of pocket money affected their ability to make social connections at university, which they saw as negatively impacting their learning abilities. Conclusion Ethiopian undergraduate health sciences students faced many challenges due to the lack of pocket money and these challenges affected student learning both directly or indirectly. Based on our data, we believe that the underlying causes of student financial hardship can be addressed by increasing public awareness of university expenses, clarifying the cost-sharing system to the public, redesigning the cost-sharing policy, and improving university services. Additionally, teaching students self-management skills is also another area that could increase student success.

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Uzunboylu, Huseyin, and Cigdem Hursen. "Message From the Editors." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v12i1.1636.

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Dear Colleagues It is a great honour for us to welcome you as Editors of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has accepted publications indexed in qualified databases since 2006. Our main aim is to increase the quality of the journal day by day. We are ready to publish the new issue of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has 5 articles written by authors from Ethiopia, Romania and Turkey. The aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share their academic studies. First of all, I would like to thank all authors who have contributed to this issue. There are different focuses in the articles. For example, Sutuma Edessa aimed of this study was to assess and determine impacts of insufficient instructional materials and ineffective lesson delivery methods on teaching in biology higher education. The study was concluded with emphasis on the need to integrate theory and practice through using adequate instructional materials and proper teaching methods in the higher education biology teaching. On the other hand, Ileana Monica Popovici, Lucian Popescu and Liliana-Elisabeta Radu in their study intended to explore the levels of physical fitness of the students between 11 and 13 years of age. The participants of this study were 251 volunteer students including 95 boys and 156 girls between the ages of 11and13 and joined in physical education lessons twice a week. The students were assessed for six anthropometric characteristics and five physical tests. The findings suggest some differences between female and male students and between ages; male participants obtained higher results as means compared to female participants. Another study conducted by Cigdem Akkanat and Murat Gokdere. They developed an objective measure of science ability of gifted middle school students. Also, Ahmet Uzun, Latif Aydos, Metin Kaya, Mehmet Fatih Yuksel and Hacı Ahmet Pekel examined the effect of maximal force applied to the floor area and contact area of the athletes with related to mid-distance training for athletics. Finally, Ozgul Polat, Ezgi Aksin Yavuz and Ayse Betul Ozkarabak Tunc investigated the effect of mind mapping activities on the maths and science skills of children from 48 to 60 months of age. The study was designed using an experimental model with a pre-test post-test and a control group. Accordingly, the hypotheses of the study was that there would be meaningful differences in the values obtained from the pre-test and post-test scores in favor of the children working with mind maps compared to the ones who did not work with mind maps. In the examination of the development of mind maps, it was observed that as the children engaged in preparing mind maps, they used skills requiring high-level mind organization. Mind maps, which can be used in all areas of life, are believed to be supportive of children's development areas and to be an important strategy for children to adopt and experience during the time of childhood. I would like to express my thanks to all authors preferring Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences to publish their articles, and also all reviewers working seriously in this process. Best regards, Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu Executive Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cigdem Hursen

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Egne, Robsan. "Washback Effects of Handouts on the Teaching and Learning Process in Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia: Adama University in Focus." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10099-009-0059-5.

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Washback Effects of Handouts on the Teaching and Learning Process in Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia: Adama University in Focus The present study investigates the washback effects of handouts on the teaching and learning process in the higher education institutions of Ethiopia, particularly in Adama University. A descriptive survey and analytical research methods were employed in the present study. The subjects of the study included instructors and some selected students of the university. A questionnaire, an interview, a document and content analysis were employed to collect data. The data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data collected through close-ended items of the questionnaire were analysed quantitatively using a chi-square. Whereas the data collected via some interview guides and some items of the questionnaire were analysed using percentage. Besides, the qualitative data gathered via open-ended items of the questionnaire, some items of the interview, content and document analysis were analysed qualitatively. The research results revealed that the way handouts are being prepared and used in higher education institutions of Ethiopia does not encourage active and independent learning. Some recommendations which are deemed crucial for alleviating the problem are suggested.

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Kummitha, Harshavardhan Reddy, Naveen Kolloju, Prakash Chittoor, and Venkatesh Madepalli. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Effect on Teaching and Learning Process in the Higher Educational Institutions." Higher Education for the Future 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983650.

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In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most of the higher education institutions (HEIs) across the globe have replaced conventional teaching with online teaching. However, the technological preparedness of countries of varied nature differs significantly. In this context, the purpose of the study is to answer the following research question: how are the HEIs mitigating the difficulties that have resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate online teaching–learning process? The study is carried out based on a cross-sectional study from 281 academic professionals who are employed in HEIs in India and Ethiopia. The findings from this comparative study highlight that digital divide and lack of institutional preparedness are found to be major problems that constrained the effective implementation of online teaching/learning. Besides, this study also found that training programmes for the faculty members to utilize web resources and facilitate online teaching were found to be limited in both the countries. The article concludes by offering suggestions and policy advice to minimize the digital divide and for successful implementation of online teaching in HEIs.

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Tadesse, Tefera, Aregu Asmare, and Hashim Ware. "Exploring Teachers’ Lived Experiences of Cooperative Learning in Ethiopian Higher Education Classrooms: A Phenomenological-Case Study." Education Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070332.

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A growing body of research indicates that teaching is the most important determinant of student learning in higher education (HE). However, HE teachers have a persistent challenge to transform pedagogical practices from a teacher-centered to a student-centered approach. In this study, the authors employed a phenomenological-case study design to examine the teachers’ lived experiences with cooperative learning (CL) pedagogies as applied in the undergraduates’ classrooms in a large public university in Ethiopia. The authors collected the relevant data from two teacher participants through both reflection and a semi-structured interview, along with document analysis of course-related material. The teacher participants felt that their involvement in the CL lessons gave them insight to understand strategies used to implement CL and practical learning opportunities on how to use it as one variant of student-centered teaching methods. As the teacher interviewees suggested, the CL lessons helped them change their mindset from traditional lecture-based teaching to a student-centered approach and transform their pedagogical practices. The results of this study suggest that CL pedagogies offer teachers with professional development opportunities for a meaningful transformation of their roles in HE classrooms. Additionally, the results have important practical implications for many HE institutions (HEIs) and their teachers who work with undergraduate students.

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Gudina, Esayas Kebede, Markos Tesfaye, Andreas Wieser, Hans-Walter Pfister, and Matthias Klein. "Outcome of patients with acute bacterial meningitis in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: A prospective study." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): e0200067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200067.

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Yismaw, Malede Berihun, Zelalem Tilahun Tesfaye, and Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula. "Assessment of Pharmacy Students’ Satisfaction towards Pharmacotherapy Lectures Delivered at the University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia." Education Research International 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5601773.

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Background. Quality healthcare can be assured by fostering quality teaching-learning process. Students are well-equipped to judge the quality of the teaching-learning process. Consequently, students’ satisfaction should be considered for the improvement of quality teaching. Objective. The study aimed to explore how far the University of Gondar (UoG) provides quality pharmacy education based on the perspective of students using the validated Instructional Skills Questionnaire (ISQ). Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on May 2018 GC on 105 pharmacy students at the University of Gondar, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected using the suspected demographic information and the validated Instructional Skills Questionnaire (ISQ). Data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics® version 25, and the results of the analysis were described using descriptive and inferential statistics. A letter of ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of the University of Gondar prior to data collection. Results. More than half (58.6%) of the participants were female, and 85.1% of the subjects aged between 21 and 25 years. The highest students’ satisfaction was in the ISQ dimension of explication (58.03%) followed by instruction (56.13%) and comprehension (52.78). Student’s T-test showed that extension (night-shift) students have a higher average satisfaction score (3.54 ± 0.34) compared to regular (day-shift) students (3.31 ± 0.41) (t (103) = 2.422, p = 0.017 ). Similarly, fourth-year students showed higher average satisfaction (3.54 ± 0.33) as compared to fifth-year students (3.28 ± 0.42) (t (103) = 3.41, p = 0.002 ). Conclusion. In the present study, a higher students’ satisfaction was obtained about explication (58.03%) among seven ISQ dimensions, while students’ satisfaction related to activation was minimal (49%). Students’ satisfaction related to the learning outcome was found to be relatively high (67.23%). The study also showed that there is a significant difference in students’ satisfaction within the different study programs and years of study. Hence, the instructors should work to improve students’ satisfaction, thereby increasing the number of qualified professionals in the market.

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Edessa, Sutuma. "Impacts of insufficient instructional materials on teaching biology: Higher education systems in focus." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 02–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v12i1.267.

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The purpose of this study was to assess and determine impacts of insufficient instructional materials and ineffective lesson delivery methods on teaching in biology higher education. The participants of this study were 60 trainees who graduated in Bachelor of Sciences from eight public universities in majoring biology. Data for the study was collected while these trainees were attending the course of Biology Teaching Methods in the Post Graduate Diploma in Teaching, both in the regular and summer 2015/2016 training programs at Addis Ababa University. The study employs a mixed method design of both qualitative and quantitative data evaluations. Data was collected through classroom observations and interviews with the trainees. The findings indicated that insufficient instructional materials and ineffective teaching methods in higher education had negative impacts; that have affected the skills of performing biological tasks of graduates 71%. In the course of the Post Graduate Diploma in Teaching training, trainees were unsuccessful to conduct essential biological tasks expected from graduates of biology upon the completion of their undergraduate study program. The study was concluded with emphasis on the need to integrate theory and practice through using adequate instructional materials and proper teaching methods in the higher education biology teaching. Keywords: systems, instruction, materials, insufficient and soft data.

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Teshome, Million, Zenebe Wolde, Abel Gedefaw, and Anteneh Asefa. "Improving surgical informed consent in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: A before and after study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023408.

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ObjectivesEven though surgical informed consent (SIC) has marked benefits, in many settings the information is not provided appropriately. In Ethiopia, minimal attention is given to SIC. This study assesses whether an intervention designed to improve SIC in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries is associated with receipt of SIC components.DesignPre-intervention and post-intervention surveys were conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital among women who underwent obstetric or gynaecologic surgeries. The intervention consisted of a 3-day training on standard counselling for surgical procedures offered to health professionals. A total of 457 women were surveyed (230 pre-intervention, 227 post-intervention). An adjusted Poisson regression analysis was used to identify the association between the intervention and the number of SIC components received.ResultsThe majority of participants were 25–34 years of age in both the pre-intervention and post-intervention groups (p=0.66). 45.7% of the pre-intervention and 51.5% of the post-intervention survey participants underwent elective surgery (p=0.21). Additionally, 70.4% of pre-intervention survey participants received counselling immediately before surgery, compared with 62.4% of post-intervention participants (p<0.001). 5.7% of pre-intervention and 6.6% of post-intervention participants reported the belief that SIC consists entirely of signing on a piece of paper (p=0.66). After controlling for effects of potential confounders, the number of SIC components reported by post-intervention survey participants was 16% higher than what is received by pre-intervention ones (adjusted coefficient=1.16 (1.06–1.28)). Having elective versus emergency surgery was not associated with the number of components received by participants in either group (adjusted coefficient=0.98 (0.88–1.09)).ConclusionTraining on the delivery of standard SIC is associated with receipt of a higher number of standard counselling components. However, there is a need to evaluate whether a one-time intervention leads to sustained improvement. A system-wide study of factors that promote SIC is required.

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Kitila, Firaol Lemessa, Rahel Milkias Petros, Gebi Hussein Jima, Tewodros Desalegn, Abebe Sorsa, Isaac Yaw Massey, Chengcheng Zhang, and Fei Yang. "Under-five mortality and associated factors in southeastern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e0257045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257045.

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Background In the year 2019, around 5 million children under age five died and most of the deaths happened in developing countries. Though large numbers of deaths are reported in such countries, limited availability of data poses a substantial challenge on generating reliable estimates. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with under-five mortality in southeastern Ethiopia. Methods A register based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2014 to July 2019 in Asella teaching and referral hospital. A total of 4901 under-five age children registered on the admission and discharge book of pediatric ward with complete information were included for the analysis. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Epidata Version 7 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the characteristics of the study participants and their condition at discharge. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with its 95% Confidence interval and P-value less than 5% was used to decide the statistically significant association. Results The prevalence of under-five mortality among admitted children in Asella Teaching and Referral hospital was 8.7% (95% CI 7.91–9.50%). Post-Neonatal and Child mortality were found to be 9.1% and 8.18%, respectively. Moreover, large numbers of death (45.2%) were seen within the first 2 days of admission. Address (AOR:1.4(1.08–1.81)), HIV status (AOR:4.64 (2.19–9.8)), severe acute malnutrition (AOR:2.82 (2.03–3.91)), hypovolemic shock (AOR:4.32 (2.31–8.1)), type I diabetes with DKA (AOR:3.53(1.34–9.29) and length of stay in the hospital for ≤2 days (AOR: 4.28 (3.09–5.95)) as well as 3–4 days (AOR: 1.48 (1.02–2.15)) were among the identified predictors. Conclusions Though childhood mortality is swiftly decreasing, and access and utilization of health care is improving in Ethiopia, our study found large prevalence of under-five mortality, 8.7% and higher number of deaths in early days of admission. Improving the quality of service has a paramount importance in reducing the mortality and managing associated factors contributing to under-five mortality among admitted children.

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Koboto, Dubale Dulla, and Sintayehu Assefa. "Uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.079.

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Post-partum family planning aims to prevent unintended pregnancy within the first year postpartum. Closely spaced pregnancy within the first year of post-partum (PP) is associated with higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the perceived uptakes of postpartum contraceptives is very low. The intention of this study was determine uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Hawassa city administration which is the capital of SNNPR. Community based cross-sectional study was employed women who gave birth in the last 12 months before survey. Data was collected using structured questionnaire proceeding informed verbal consent. Logistic regression model was used to identify associations between variables and findings were presented by tables and figures. The prevalence of current post-partum contraceptive use was 85.1%. After adjusting for covariates; the odds of using postpartum contraceptive were 1.31 times, 12.13 times, 5.17 times, 10.77 time and 4.69 times higher among women with, knowledge about advantages and side effects of contraceptives, partner support for contraceptive use, previously contraceptive use and not returned period respectively with (P <0. 05).uptakesofpostpartum contraceptives in Hawassa city administration was promising. Detailed counseling about postpartum contraceptive use, could assist equipping women with knowledge of family planning methods; empowering them to be decisive in the health and positivity of male partners are very crucial to promote postpartum use of contraceptives.

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Habte, Bedilu. "E-Learning in Engineering through Videoconferencing: The Case of the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 3, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v3i2.2385.

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In addition to their ability to reach distant learners, interactive e-learning environments have the potential to make the teaching-learning process more effective. This paper highlights some of the e-learning implementation efforts at the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT) in Ethiopia. This case study shows that limited resources do not deter a developing nation to exploit the power of e-learning. Based on feedback from participants in the first national videoconferencing program held in Ethiopian higher education system between October 2011 and June 2012, the paper addresses the lessons learned and recommended actions for moving forward to a successful implementation of e-learning in Ethiopia, particularly in a videoconferencing mode.

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Harrison, Margo S., Ephrem Kirub, Tewodros Liyew, Biruk Teshome, Andrea Jimenez-Zambrano, Margaret Muldrow, and Teklemariam Yarinbab. "Performance of Integrated Emergency Surgical Officers at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2021 (January 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8875560.

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Introduction. Surgical physician extenders are used in Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa where there is a lack of surgical providers. Methods. We tested characteristics associated with and outcomes of births attended by an integrated emergency surgical officers (IESOs) as compared to midwives and physician providers. Results. Of 1,000 women in our convenience sample, data on birth attendant was missing on 5 women (0.5%). Of the remaining women, almost three-fourths (73.6%, n = 732) of women were attended by a midwife, almost a quarter were attended by an IESO (24.4%, n = 243), 10 women were attended by a physician with a General Practitioner level of training (1.0%), 5 women were delivered by an Ob/Gyn resident (0.5%), and 5 women were attended by an Ob/Gyn (0.5%). Women had a higher likelihood of being attended by an IESO than a midwife if they underwent forceps-assisted (RR 88.4, p < 0.05 ), vacuum-assisted (RR 45.2, p < 0.05 ), or cesarean birth (RR 161.8, p < 0.05 ) as compared to an unassisted vaginal birth. IESOs are performing more operative vaginal and cesarean births than other delivery providers. Outcomes of their deliveries are worse than those of midwives, but this is likely due to the acuity level of the patients and not the provider type.

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Parrish, Dominique, and Alisa Percy. "JUTLP Editorial Issue 15.1." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.15.1.1.

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Welcome to the first issue of the Journal of University Learning and Teaching Practice for 2017. This issue contains six papers that broadly cover topics related to assessment, educational collaborations, academic development and social media The first two papers in this issue have a focus on assessment. In the first paper, Francis examines and evaluates the link between assessment rubrics and student performance and evidences the importance of students engaging with and discussing assessment rubrics. The paper presents practical suggestions for effectively using rubrics and fostering improved student performance and engagement. In the second paper Tadesse, Manathunga and Gillies broadly examine the perceptions of a range of stakeholders in higher education in Ethiopia, on the quality of their experiences of teaching, learning, assessment and review. A qualitative case study design was used and found that recent quality improvement efforts in Ethiopia have been more focused on quality assurance than quality improvement. The recommendations of this study suggest the need for internal system enhancement, adoption of formative assessment and support and ownership of those working in the sector and responsible for quality improvement.

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Kelkay, Asrat Dagnew, and Aminat Endris. "Model-based instruction to improve the concept of students on human anatomy: Primary School, Ethiopia." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v12i2.4618.

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The purpose of this study was to improve the conceptual understanding of students using model-based teaching about the human skeletal system in grade seven. Quasi-experimental research was employed pre- and post-test, control and experimental group design. Out of four sections, two sections (n = 132) were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The data were gathered by tests, observation and informal assessment. The data obtained from tests were analysed quantitatively through mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and the observation and informal assessment data were analysed qualitatively. The pre-test results indicated that there was no significant mean difference and p>0.05 between the two groups. Similarly, the result of pre-informal assessment showed that students in both groups had common misconceptions about the topic. The post-test results revealed that model-based teaching approach exhibited significant changes compared to the traditional groups of students. From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that the model-based teaching approach improves students’ conceptual understanding, participations and clear misconceptions compared to the students taught by traditional teaching approach. Based on the finding it was recommended that the model-based teaching approach should be encouraged for teaching and learning biology. Keywords: Conceptual understanding, human anatomy, model-based instruction

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Tadesse, Tefera, Catherine Manathunga, and Robyn Gillies. "Teachers’ Pedagogical Practices and Students’ Learning Experiences in an Ethiopian University Setting." Asian Journal of University Education 16, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.8994.

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There is a growing interest among higher education (HE) researchers regarding the relevance of measuring quality via the lived experiences of teachers and students. However, relatively few studies have examined more broadly the pedagogical practices and student learning experiences in HE. In addition, there is a minimal study that compared students’ perceptions of learning behaviors with that of their teachers. The current study explores students’ and teachers’ perceptions about the existing pedagogical practices and learning experiences by analyzing each group’s responses and examining similarities and differences between their perspectives. For this, undergraduate students (n = 536) and teachers (n =89) at Jimma University, Ethiopia voluntarily participated in filling out two separate questionnaires. The findings show that university teaching and student learning in Ethiopia face considerable challenges that originated from different sources of influences, including input, process, and outcome dimensions. As the study participants reported, they faced high challenges in teaching and learning mainly due to the shortage of required inputs and processes. The role of pedagogical practices and learning experiences within universities' quality measurement and developing strategies to use such data for continuous quality improvement are discussed.

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Kelkay, Asrat Dagnew, and Chekula Sitotaw. "The effect of practicalwork to enhance ninth grade achievement in biology class: The case of diaspora secondary school, Ethiopia." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v9i3.4253.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of practical work enriching instruction of biology lessons on ninth grade students’ attitudes towards biology lessons and their achievement based on students’ success. Attitude pre-test, attitude post-test, achievement pre-test and achievement post-test are employed for all participants in addition to interviewing four students randomly selected from the total participants. The test was applied to students in two different times. According to the research results, it was found that the experimental teaching method was more effective in the attitude and achievement level of students in some biology lessons, and attitude and achievement have a positive correlation. Therefore, the study recommends that high school biology teachers should plan their lessons in a more practical way to boost (enhance) learners' attitude as well as achievement. All stakeholders including curriculum planners should take part in the planning process. Keywords: Achievement, attitude, effect, practical work, teaching method.

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Lemma, Abayneh, Desta Gebeyehu, Kassa Michael, Mulugeta Atnafu, and Tadesse Hagos. "Implementation of Higher Diploma Training in Educators’ Instructional Process at three Colleges of Teachers Education of Oromia Region (Ethiopia)." International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v1i1.1.

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This study examines the extent to what the program implemented in educators' instructional process. A survey research method of mixed approach was employed by which observation, questionnaire and interview were used as data gathering tools. As a result, the overall extent to which the programme is being applied in the educators' instructional process was found to be not satisfactory due to session planning and action research that seen as not being practiced at all in the colleges. Besides, most limitations identified during observation overlap with that of our pre-service teachers diagnosed during independent teaching practice. As influential factors, three potential challenges were found and discussed in line with the desired recommendations.

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Lemma, Abayneh, Desta Gebeyehu, Kassa Michael, Mulugeta Atnafu, and Tadesse Hagos. "Implementation of Higher Diploma Training in Educators’ Instructional Process at three Colleges of Teachers Education of Oromia Region (Ethiopia)." International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v1i1.19.

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This study examines the extent to what the program implemented in educators' instructional process. A survey research method of mixed approach was employed by which observation, questionnaire and interview were used as data gathering tools. As a result, the overall extent to which the programme is being applied in the educators' instructional process was found to be not satisfactory due to session planning and action research that seen as not being practiced at all in the colleges. Besides, most limitations identified during observation overlap with that of our pre-service teachers diagnosed during independent teaching practice. As influential factors, three potential challenges were found and discussed in line with the desired recommendations.

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Bitew Workie, Shimelash, Niguse Mekonen, Mulugeta W. Michael, Getahun Molla, Solomon Abrha, Zewde Zema, and Takele Tadesse. "Modern Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Adults in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835780.

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Background. The Ethiopian government is striving to improve the health status of its population through the expansion and strengthening of primary health care services in both rural and urban settings of the country. The study aimed to measure modern health service utilization and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study design was implemented from May to June 2019 in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. All 786 study participants were selected by multistage systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were collected by an open data kit. Stata window version 15.0 was also employed for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was conducted, and a 95% confidence interval was considered for interpretation. Result. Health service utilization was 77.2% with (95% CI of 74.1%, 80.0%). In terms of health facilities in which they visit, first 50.6% were at the public health center and 25.5% of them were at Teaching and Referral Hospital. Respondents with marital status married and widowed have higher odds of utilizing health services compared to single marital status (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.7–5.2 and 9.0; 95% CI: 1.69–48.0), respectively. Respondents with middle and highest wealth status have higher odds of health service utilization than poor wealth status with AOR (1.75 95% CI 1.03–2.97 and 1.58 95% CI; 1.01, 2.77). Similarly, respondents who had chronic disease and perceived poor health status have higher odds of health service utilization. Conclusion. Modern health services utilization was found to be unsatisfactory. Being married, wealth status being middle and high, having chronic health conditions, and having poor perceived health status were found to have a statistically significant association with health service utilization.

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Baranowski, Artur. "Teaching English with Insta.Ling Online Platform: Case Study in Higher Education Level." Forum Pedagogiczne 9, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/fp.2019.1.19.

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The paper presents a study about using Insta.Ling e-learning platform in university teaching process of English language for Biology students. The aim of this study is to estimate its effectiveness and the correlation between the number of repetitions and the number of words memorized. The total number of students involved in this research is 129 (6 student groups and in 3 academic years). They are all students of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw. The results allow to assume that Insta.Ling environment is an effective way to learn new vocabulary and regular sessions positively affect the number of vocabulary memorized.

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Bisetegen, Fithamlak Solomon, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Temesgen Anjulo Ageru, and Fiseha Wadilo Wada. "Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Voluntary Blood Donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8254343.

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Background. Transfusion-transmissible infections, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety and pose a serious public health problem.Objective. To determine the magnitude of blood borne infections among blood donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital.Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10/11/2015 up to 10/12/2015. 390 donors were consecutively included and data on donor’s age, sex, blood type, and serum screening results were obtained by structured questionnaire and laboratory investigation. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 1.4 and then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis.Result. The seroprevalence of blood borne pathogens is 29.5% of which HCV, HBV, HIV, and syphilis account for 8.5%, 9.5%, 6.4%, and 7.5%, respectively. Multiple infections were observed among 2.8% of the infected individuals. In addition, age ≥ 30 has a significant association with HCV.Conclusion. Significantly higher prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was identified from blood donors and they remain to be the greatest threat to blood safety, so comprehensive screening of donors’ blood for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood recipient.

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Crowe, Alison, Clarissa Dirks, and Mary Pat Wenderoth. "Biology in Bloom: Implementing Bloom's Taxonomy to Enhance Student Learning in Biology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 7, no. 4 (December 2008): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.08-05-0024.

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We developed the Blooming Biology Tool (BBT), an assessment tool based on Bloom's Taxonomy, to assist science faculty in better aligning their assessments with their teaching activities and to help students enhance their study skills and metacognition. The work presented here shows how assessment tools, such as the BBT, can be used to guide and enhance teaching and student learning in a discipline-specific manner in postsecondary education. The BBT was first designed and extensively tested for a study in which we ranked almost 600 science questions from college life science exams and standardized tests. The BBT was then implemented in three different collegiate settings. Implementation of the BBT helped us to adjust our teaching to better enhance our students' current mastery of the material, design questions at higher cognitive skills levels, and assist students in studying for college-level exams and in writing study questions at higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. From this work we also created a suite of complementary tools that can assist biology faculty in creating classroom materials and exams at the appropriate level of Bloom's Taxonomy and students to successfully develop and answer questions that require higher-order cognitive skills.

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Arega, Balew, Amdemeskel Mersha, Abraham Minda, Yitagesu Getachew, Alazar Sitotaw, Tefera Gebeyehu, and Asnake Agunie. "Epidemiology and the diagnostic challenge of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0243945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243945.

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Background Ethiopia reported a high rate of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and the cases are increasing since the last three decades. However, diagnostic evidence to initiate TB treatment among EPTB cases is not well known. Therefore, we described the epidemiology and assessed how EPTB is diagnosed in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a retrospective review among all adult EPTB cases diagnosed in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from 2015 to 2019. Using a standardized data abstraction sheet, we collected data from patients’ medical records on sociodemographic, sites, and laboratory diagnosis of EPTB cases. Results Of the 965 total TB cases, 49.8%(481) had a recorded diagnosis of EPTB during the study period. The mean age of EPTB patients was 32.9 years (SD±13.9) and 50.7% were males. Tubercular lymphadenitis (40.3%), abdominal (23.4%), and pleural TB(13.5%) were the most common sites of EPTB involvement, followed in descending order by the genitourinary, skeletal, central nervous system, abscess, breast, and laryngeal TB. We found a histopathology finding consistent with EPTB in 59.1% of cases, Acid-fast bacilli positive in 1.5%, and the rest diagnosed on radiological grounds. In the majority of cases, more than one diagnostic method was used to diagnose EPTB cases. Conclusions Nearly half of TB patients had a recorded diagnosis of EPTB that comprise heterogeneous anatomical sites. All EPTB patients were started anti-TB therapy without definitive microbiology results. This indicates the diagnostic challenge of EPTB faced in our setting and proves to be significant for TB control in Ethiopia.

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Muche, Esileman Abdela, and Banchamlak Teferi Mekonen. "Hypoglycemia prevention practice and its associated factors among diabetes patients at university teaching hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): e0238094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238094.

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Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Fekadu Seyoum, Daniel Abebe, Eshetu Nigussie Geleta, Getahun Negash, Abdurhaman Kalu, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Yohannes Tekalegn, Demisu Zenbaba, and Bruce John Edward Quisido. "Incidence and risk factors for hospital-acquired infection among paediatric patients in a teaching hospital: a prospective study in southeast Ethiopia." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e037997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037997.

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ObjectivesIn order to maximise the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance, data on the incidence of HAIs are crucial. In Ethiopia, data about the occurrence of HAIs among hospitalised paediatric patients are lacking. We aim to determine the incidence and risk factors of HAIs among paediatric patients in Ethiopia.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingA teaching hospital in southeast Ethiopia.Participants448 hospitalised paediatric patients admitted between 1 November 2018 and 30 June 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence and risk factors of hospital-acquired infections.ResultsA total of 448 paediatric patients were followed for 3227 patient days. The median age of the patients was 8 months (IQR: 2–26 months). The incidence rate of HAIs was 17.7 per 1000 paediatric days of follow-up; while the overall cumulative incidence was 12.7% (95% CI 9.8% to 15.8%) over 8 months. Children who stayed greater than 6 days in the hospital (median day) (adjusted risk ratio (RR): 2.58, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.38), and children with underlying disease conditions of severe acute malnutrition (adjusted RR: 2.83, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.97) had higher risks of developing HAIs.ConclusionsThe overall cumulative incidence of HAIs was about 13 per 100 admitted children. Length of stay in the hospital and underlying conditions of severe acute malnutrition were found to be important factors associated with increased risk of HAIs.

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Wolka, Sintayehu, Sahilu Assegid, Temesgen Tantu, Muluken Gunta, and Bereket Duko. "Determinants of Maternal Satisfaction with Existing Delivery Care at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 25, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6403123.

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Background. Assessing maternal satisfaction on delivery service has significant public health importance to measure the quality of maternal and child care services in a country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further investigate the determinants of maternal satisfaction on delivery service provided at the Woliata Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutionally based cross-sectional study was employed at the Wolaita Sodo University Hospital, Ethiopia. All mothers who gave birth between March and May 2018 were included in the study. Data were collected through using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. A P value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result. A total of 398 delivered mothers were included in the study. The rate of maternal satisfaction on existing delivery care was found to be 67.3%. Being less educated (AOR=5.06, [2.22-11.53]), primigravida (AOR=3.59, [1.17-11.04]), planned and wanted pregnancy (AOR=2.74, [1.21-6.18]), having antenatal care follow-up for current pregnancy (AOR=4.48, [2.04-9.83]), ever used family planning service (AOR=3.83, [1.95-67.52]), labor duration of less than 6 hours (AOR=5.96, [2.61-13.57]), and spontaneous vaginal delivery (AOR=2.82, [1.07-7.42]) were factors significantly associated with maternal satisfaction. Conclusion. In this study setting, maternal satisfaction was lower compared to other studies. Unreserved effort should be considered for future interventions.

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Molla, Eyayu, and Meseret Muche. "Impact of Cooperative Learning Approaches on Students’ Academic Achievement and Laboratory Proficiency in Biology Subject in Selected Rural Schools, Ethiopia." Education Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6202484.

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cooperative learning methods on students’ academic achievement and laboratory proficiency in biology subject. Quasi-experimental control group interrupted time series design was employed. Data pertaining to these variables were collected from 369 students and 18 biology teachers in three schools. A series of biological tests and semistructured questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis (two-way ANOVA) was used to analyze the test scores exposed by teaching methods, and semistructured questionnaire was administered to comprehend factors that hamper the successive execution of CL. Hence, multivariate analysis revealed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the pretest score of the learner academic performance; however, there were significant differences (P<0.01) in the posttest results by teaching methods, but not by schools. Correspondingly, there were significant differences in the pretest P<0.05 and posttest (P<0.01) results of the students’ laboratory proficiency by teaching methods. The results exemplify that there was significant learning gain obtained via CLAD followed by cooperative discussion group (CDG). The result from the questionnaire survey showed that the number of students, lack of laboratory equipment, and so on hamper consecutive execution of CL.

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Yizengaw, Jerusalem Yibeltal, and Asnake Tarekegn Nigussie. "Integration of Service Learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Volunteerism in Communities: The Cases of 2018 Summer Season Voluntarism in Amhara Region." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i2.57.

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Among the classic roles of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) i.e., research, teaching and community service the social engagement of institutions and their impact on civil society should be particularly highlighted. Of which, volunteering and service learning are believed to be an excellent means for accomplishing such goals. However, whether or not HEIs in developing countries like Ethiopia are able to materialize their social responsibility through such activities like student volunteerism, and their role in developing the active society was least explored. As a result, this study was planned to take place with a major objective to explore the integration of Service Learning in HEIs and Services in communities with a special focus to the cases of 2018 Summer Youth Voluntarism in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. For the purpose, a qualitative research methodology was employed. Officers and experts in the Amhara Region Bureau of Youth and Sports, and similar others at Bahir Dar City Zonal administration and in the sub-cities were drawn as informants and drawn data through interviews. In addition, the role of universities in promoting Service learning was examined from the syllabuses point of view, mainly a Course called Civics & Ethical Education using a content analysis technique. The findings reveal that though the service learning in the HEIs was not much visible through the Harmonized curriculum, Youth, especially, students of HEIs in Amhara Region of Ethiopia were found to be fully participated in services of community during the summer season of 2018, which implies the availability of the required motivation from the youth side. However a well-developed integration of service learning and volunteerism was unable to be discovered rather, this study calls for its realization.

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Nigatu, Dabere, Gedefaw Abeje, Alemayehu G. Mekonnen, Muluken Azage, and Daniel Bogale. "Maternal Health Service Uptake Is Associated with a Higher Skin-to-Skin Care Practice in Ethiopia: Result from a National Survey." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841349.

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Background. Though skin-to-skin care (SSC) is becoming an important newborn care package at both facility and community levels in Ethiopia, there is a lack of evidence to monitor the progress at each level. Therefore, this study is aimed at quantifying the proportion of SSC at both national and regional levels and identifying factors that affect SSC uptake in Ethiopia. Method. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The survey employed a multistage cluster sampling method. We included 7,488 live births in the analysis. The factors influencing SSC practice were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. We reported adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. In Ethiopia, 24.3% of mothers practiced SSC for their newborns (95% CI = 23.3 , 25.2). The highest proportion was in Addis Ababa (63%), and the lowest was in the Somali region (14.5%). Attending 1-4 antenatal care ( AOR = 1.51 , 95 % CI = 1.08 , 2.12 , giving birth at health facility ( AOR = 4.51 , 95 % CI = 2.16 , 9.44 , and having female births ( AOR = 1.24 , 95 % CI = 1.01 , 1.54 ) were associated with more odds of practicing SSC. However, giving birth by the cesarean section had resulted in lower odds of practicing SSC ( AOR = 0.37 , 95 % CI = 0.22 , 0.63 ). Regions with reduced odds of SSC practice include Amhara ( AOR = 0.57 , 95 % CI = 0.40 , 0.82 ), Somali ( AOR = 0.51 , 95 % CI = 0.31 , 0.83 ), and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People ( AOR = 0.64 , 95 % CI = 0.43 , 0.94 ). Conclusions. The SSC practice was low in Ethiopia with a high level of variation between regions. In Ethiopia, maternal health service uptake affects the SSC of the newborns. Well-tailored community-level interventions are needed to increase skin-to-skin care practice among home delivery mothers.

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Gutema, Fanta D., Goitom W. Yohannes, Reta D. Abdi, Fufa Abuna, Dinka Ayana, Hika Waktole, Kebede Amenu, Adem Hiko, and Getahun E. Agga. "Dipylidium caninum Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia." Diseases 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases9010001.

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Dogs are reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases. In Ethiopia, the majority of owned dogs are semi-stray, freely roaming in the community. Studies reporting dog borne zoonotic diseases are scarce in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess Dipylidium caninum infection in dogs and in children with gastrointestinal complaints in Bishoftu Town, Oromia. We collected 384 fecal samples from dogs presented to veterinary teaching hospital and 259 stool samples from children presented to Bishoftu Hospital for clinical examination. Samples were first macroscopically examined for the presence of proglotids, followed by microscopic examination for the presence of eggs with the direct smear following flotation technique. The prevalence of D. caninum was 21% (95% CI: 16.6–24.9) in dogs. Although not statistically significant (p > 0.05), higher prevalence was detected in adult (11.9%), local breed (17.7%), and male (12.6%) dogs compared to young (8.59%), exotic breed (2.86%), and females (7.81%), respectively. Dipylidium caninum was detected in a stool sample obtained from a three year-old child (0.4%, 1/259). This study showed that the prevalence of D. caninum in the dogs is high while it is rare in children. Although the prevalence in children is negligible in this study, the high proportion of infected dogs can pose a significant risk of infection in the general human population. Public health risk can be reduced by eliminating the semi-roaming of owned dogs and proper management of dogs with regular deworming and prevention of environmental contamination with dog feces. Similarly, raising public awareness about dog borne zoonoses and avoiding contact with dog feces are important.

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Abegaz, Tadesse Melaku, Asnakew Achaw Ayele, and Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie. "Health Related Quality of Life of Cancer Patients in Ethiopia." Journal of Oncology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1467595.

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Background.Neoplasm, AKA cancer (Ca), is associated with major morbidity and mortality.Aim.Measurement of health related quality of life (HRQoL) of Ca patients is uncommon in Ethiopia. The present study determined the HRQoL and its determinants among people living with Ca in north Ethiopia.Methods.A prospective hospital based study was conducted from 1 January 2017 to 30 August 2017 on Ca patients attending cancer treatment center of University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire version 3 was utilized to collect the data. The rate of QoL was presented using means with standard deviation (±SD). Binary logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with HRQoL.Result.The present study is based on the findings from 150 subjects. The rate of QoL was 52.7 (20.1) (mean ± SD). The highest functional status was emotional functioning 61 (25.5). Patients with no disease metastasis, 92.1 (5.1), had high QoL as compared to metastasis, 22.1 (18.9)(p=0.03). Patients with affected physical functioning have a 20% reduction in QoL and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 0.794 [0.299–891]. Patients with low satisfaction level with the provided care, 0.82 [0.76–0.93], and those with unmet needs, 0.85 [0.80–0.95], experienced reduced level of HRQoL.Conclusion.Health related quality of life of cancer patients was found to be low in Ethiopia. Patients with limited rate of disease metastasis had improved HRQoL. Further, the unmet needs of Ca patients and the level of satisfaction with the overall care were found to influence the extent of HRQoL. Therefore, early detection of neoplasm to arrest metastasis is warranted in order to achieve better QoL. In addition, addressing the unmet needs of these patients and ensuring higher satisfaction rate are recommended to maintain adequate HRQoL.

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Dagnew, Asrat, and Desta Mekonnen. "Effect of using guided inquiry teaching method in improving grade eight students’ concept of photosynthesis, primary school: Ethiopia." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v7i1.4655.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using guided inquiry teaching method in improving grade eight students’ conceptual understanding of photosynthesis. The study employed Quasi-experimental research method. The data collection instruments were multiple choice tests, observation, as well as informal assessment. The pre-test and post-test were administered before and after treatment respectively. The informal assessment also administered before and after intervention. Besides, the observation was conducted from the first day up to the last day of the intervention. The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests quantitatively while; data collected through informal assessment and observation were presented using narration. The finding of pre-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean score of the two groups. The post-test result revealed that experimental group students significantly improved their conceptual understanding of the topic photosynthesis compared to the control group students. The study concluded that guided inquiry teaching method is more effective than the lecture method in improving students’ conceptual understanding of photosynthesis. Based on the finding of this study, it was recommended that governments should encourage biology teachers to apply guided inquiry teaching method by providing appropriate instructional material. Keywords: Conceptual understanding Guided inquiry, photosynthesis,

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Gebereselassie, Yeshimebet, Mesganaw BirhanSelassie, Tadesse Menjetta, Jemal Alemu, and Aster Tsegaye. "Magnitude, Severity, and Associated Factors of Anemia among Under-Five Children Attending Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia, 2016." Anemia 2020 (August 7, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7580104.

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Background. Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Infants, under-5-year-old children, and pregnant women have greater susceptibility to anemia. The magnitude and associated risk factors for anemia vary in different settings. The study aimed to assess the magnitude, severity, and associated factors of anemia at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Methods. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 422 under-five children were included. Sociodemographic data and other predisposing factors were collected by structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin determination using a Cell-Dyn 1800 automated analyzer. Stool samples were collected and processed using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration method to detect intestinal parasites. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical packages. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to assess factors associated with anemia. p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 41.7%. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.59 g/dl. Anemia was of mild, moderate, and severe type in 6.6%, 19%, and 16.1% of the children, respectively. Children in the age group 6–23 months (AOR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.69)), and mothers having no formal education (AOR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.99, 3.02)) were identified as associated factors for anemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia among the study subjects was 41.7% indicative of the fact that anemia is an important public health problem. It was associated with the child’s age, residence, mother’s education level, and intestinal parasite (Ascaris lumbricoides). It clearly indicates that there should be well integrated public health interventions to improve the health status that needs to be prioritized to prevent anemia among children under five years of age.

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Mehmood, Nasir, Muhammad Anwer, and Ahmed Tatlah. "Effect of Combined Teaching Strategies on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of Biology Students." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-i).33.

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In this age of globalization, learning priorities of the learners have been under dramatic changes and teachers have to develop combination of such strategies which can engage the learners of the 21st century. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of combined teaching strategies on low and high achievers higher order thinking skills in biology at secondary level, conducted in a public school of Punjab province. The researcher used the combined teaching strategies which comprised of KWLH charts, hands on activities, multimedia integration and cooperative learning to cover the contents from 10th grade text book of Biology, for a period of 8 weeks. In this experimental research posttest only, design was adopted. The HOTS of biology students were assessed through 50 multiple choice items. After the intervention, experimental group exhibited promotion in HOTS of the biology students as compared to their counterparts. The results of t-test showed that these combined teaching strategies not only promote the HOTS of high achievers but were effective for the low achievers as well.

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Granbom, Martin, and Marianne Granbom. "Students’ Explanation: Wider Variety of Teaching Methods Increases Motivation and Give Higher Results in Biology." Nordic Studies in Science Education 15, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.5918.

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By planning and teaching a specific topic, in an Upper Secondary School biology course in a highly formative way the effect on student learning was studied. Within given frames, students planned working methods and examination form within the topic of Gene technology. For the examination students also phrased learning goals and assessment criteria. The design resulted in higher summative grades on the topic compared to traditionally taught topics within the same course. In this study, students were interviewed in focus groups, one year after graduation to investigate student view on the intervention. One important outcome is that students appreciate variation in teaching more than the content itself. There was also a positive reaction to students planning working methods, but students wanted the teacher to perform different kinds of controlling actions. Findings are discussed in the context of formative methods with intentions of improving practical teaching methods.

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Tolu, Lemi Belay, Malede Birara, Tesfalem Teshome, and Garumma Tolu Feyissa. "Perinatal outcome of meconium stained amniotic fluid among labouring mothers at teaching referral hospital in urban Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242025.

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Objective To determine the perinatal outcome of labouring mothers with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) compared with clear amniotic fluid at teaching referral hospital in urban Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among labouring mothers with meconium-stained amniotic fluid from July 1 to December 30, 2019. Data was collected with pretested structured questionnaires. A Chi-square test used to check statistical associations between variables. Those variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were selected for cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression. P-value set at 0.05, and 95% CI was used to determine the significance of the association. Relative risk was used to determine the strength and direction of the association. Result Among 438 participants, there where 75(52.1%) primigravida in a stained fluid group compared to112 (38.5%) of the non-stained fluid group. Labour was induced in 25 (17.4%) of the stained fluid group compared to 25(8.6%) of a non-stained fluid group and has a statistically significant association with meconium staining. The stained fluid group was twice more likely to undergo operative delivery compared with a non-stained fluid group. There were more low Apgar scores at birth (36.8% versus 13.2%), birth asphyxias (9% versus 2.4%), neonatal sepsis (1% versus 5.6%), neonatal death (1% versus 9%), and increased admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (6.2% versus 21.5%) among the meconium-stained group as compared to the non-stained group. Meconium aspiration syndrome was seen in 9(6.3%) of the stained fluid group. Conclusion Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is associated with increased frequency of operative delivery, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions compared to clear amniotic fluid.

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Dagnew, Gizachew Worku, Melash Belachew Asresie, Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu, and Yared Mulu Gelaw. "Factors associated with divorce from first union among women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0244014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244014.

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Background Globally, divorce is a common phenomenon in couples' marital life. As a result, many divorced couples and their children face several social, economic, and health problems after dissolution. There is little information on the magnitude and determinants of divorce in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of divorce from the first union and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data for this analysis. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 18 to June 27, 2016. The survey employed a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 11,646 ever-married women were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistics regression was done to identify the determinants of divorce from the first marriage. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results About 25% (95%CI: 23.4% - 26.6%) ever-married women were divorced from their first marital relationship. Women who were married at age < 15 years (AOR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07–1.68), urban women (AOR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.22–2.35), women who did not attend formal education (AOR = 4.36; 95%CI: 3.14–6.05), women who were employed (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.31–1.73), and being childless (AOR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07–1.69) had higher odds of experiencing a divorce. Similarly, women who experienced partner violence, women with no house ownership, and women in the Amhara region had higher odds of divorce from their first marital union. Conversely, women in Oromia, SNNPR, the metropolis, and the pastoral regions had lower odds of divorce from their first marital union. Conclusion Divorce from the first marriage is high in Ethiopia. Preventing early marriage and partner violence and promoting girls’ education would reduce the divorce rate in Ethiopia.

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Yallew, Addisalem Tebikew. "Expanding use of the English language for research and its Implications for Higher Education Institutions and Researchers." Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 11, Winter (March 15, 2020): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iwinter.1556.

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The knowledge era or the knowledge society has made universities one of the central institutions for the production of new knowledge and scholarship. In line with this development, many African universities, that were often regarded as teaching-learning laden, are reorienting their mission and vision embracing research intensiveness as one of their aspirations with the goal of becoming globally or regionally competitive and locally relevant. This qualitiative research focusing on the use of the English language for research in selected African flagship universities in Ethiopia, Mozambique and South Africa is conducted against a backdrop where questions related to research productivity are becoming more central not only to higher education institutions but to higher educational research pertaining to the continent. Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of capital, field, and habitus in general and specifically that of linguistic capital as an aspect of cultural capital are used to inform the conceptualization and the analysis of the research. To explore issues pertaining to the interlinked concepts of language and (de)colonization in research, postcolonial perspectives on language and education are used to guide the study. The study is expected to contribute to our understanding of (English) language and research in African higher education.

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Azanaw, Jember, Henok Dagne, Zewudu Andualem, and Tsegaye Adane. "Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of College Students, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686392.

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Background. Since the dawn of human history, foodborne diseases have been a problem for all societies, and it is an increasing public health issue worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine knowledge, practice, and attitude in food safety among college students in the city Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 randomly selected college students in Gondar City, northwest Ethiopia, from October 8 to November 30, 2019. The data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded manually, and entered into Epi Info version 7, then exported to SPSS version 26 for more data checking, cleaning, and analysis. One-way ANOVA was done for examining sociodemographic variable association with KAP, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to measure the association among food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. The p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for both tests. Results. The number of females was higher among the study participants (65.5%). The mean age of participates was 21.1 ± 9.14 (SD) years. The higher percentage (45.7%) of the participants were students in the second year. The overall scores of the food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of the respondents were 35.7% (good), 38.0% (good), and 29.1% (positive), respectively. Participants with differences in gender, year of study, and food safety training had a substantial variation in overall food safety knowledge ( p value < 0.05). The findings have clearly shown that knowledge of food safety does not directly affect the attitude towards food safety ( p value > 0.05). On the other hand, overall food safety practice differed in terms of sex, year of schooling, and knowledge of food safety ( p value < 0.05) among participants. Training and knowledge score had significant correlation among respondents ( p value < 0.05). Conclusion. This study revealed that the overall knowledge, practices, and attitude towards food safety among college students were very low. There was a significant association between knowledge and practice while food safety practices were independent with an attitude among the students. Such results indicated that there could be problems with foodborne diseases. Therefore, the findings of this study proposed that strength should be done to improve the existing food safety knowledge, practice, and attitude in college students in addition to their normal education.

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Zeleke, Melat Belay, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Adane Tesfaye Anbesse, and Solomon Hailemariam Tesfaye. "Anemia and Its Determinants among Male and Female Adolescents in Southern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study." Anemia 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3906129.

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Background. Adolescent anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. Adolescents (10–19 years) are at an increased risk of developing anemia due to increased iron demand during puberty, menstrual losses, limited dietary iron intake, and faulty dietary habits. Objective. To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among male and female adolescent students in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2018. Methods. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 742 school adolescents. Basic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, haemoglobin measurement, and others were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses using binary logistic regression were done, the results were interpreted by using AOR with their corresponding 95% CI, and statistically significant difference was declared at p<0.05Result. Out of the total 742 respondents, 377 (50.8%) were males and 365 (49.2%) were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was 21.1%, and the prevalence of anemia was 22.5% among male adolescents and 19.7% among females. Male adolescent students within the early adolescence age group (10–13 yrs) (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.08–0.87), those consuming fibre-rich foods daily (AOR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.02–0.61), and those having no intestinal parasites (AOR 0.04, 95% CI, 0.02–0.09) were less likely to be anemic. Similarly, female adolescent students not having intestinal parasites (AOR 0.05, 95% CI, 0.01–0.11) were less likely to develop anemia while those from malaria endemic area (AOR 2.57, 95% CI, 1.13–5.83) were identified to be more anemic. Conclusion. This study identified that anemia was a moderate public health significance in the study area, and the prevalence of anemia was slightly higher among male than female adolescents. Age category, frequency of eating fibre-rich foods, and positive intestinal parasite tests were factors contributing for anemia among male adolescents while presence of intestinal parasite and malaria endemicity were the determinants of anemia among female adolescents.

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Tekele, Saba Gebremichael, Dejenie Shiferaw Teklu, Melese Hailu Legese, Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehana, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Kassu Desta Tullu, and Samuel Kinde Birru. "Multidrug-Resistant and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9999638.

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Background. The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a public health problem in recent years. For the last many years, carbapenem antibiotics have been used successfully to treat infections caused by MDR Enterobacteriaceae. However, recently, Enterobacteriaceae producing carbapenemases have emerged, which confer broad resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics including carbapenems. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the magnitude of MDR and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolated from various clinical specimens in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. A total of 312 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified from various clinical specimens. The Phoenix automated system (BD Phoenix100) was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Potential carbapenemase producers were confirmed by the modified carbapenem inactivation test, and KPC, MBL, and OXA-48 were phenotypically characterized by the disk diffusion method. The data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics, chi square, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. P value ≤ 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered for statistical significance. Results. A total of 312 Enterobacteriaceae were recovered. Of these isolates, 68.6% were MDR and 2.6% were CPE with different classes including OXA-48 1.6% (5/312), MBL 0.6% (2/312), and KPC and OXA-48 0.3% (1/312). The predominant bacterial isolates were E. coli 72.4% (226/312) followed by K. pneumoniae 13.8% (43/312). The antibiotic resistance rates of CPE isolates were significantly higher than other MDRE including ampicillin (100% versus 77.6%), cefoxitin (75% versus 20.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (50% versus 13.1%). Conclusion. In this study, a relatively higher prevalence of MDR was observed, and the highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Detection of CPE is important for implementing appropriate antimicrobial therapy and in controlling the spread of the infection. Furthermore, continuous screening and investigations, including genotypic characterization of CPE, are required for the prevention and control of the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

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Matawali, Azlinah, Sitty Nur Syafa Bakri, Nur Ramziahrazanah Jumat, Iziana Hani Ismail, Sazmal Effendi Arshad, and Wardatul Akmam Din. "The preliminary study on inverted problem-based learning in biology among science foundation students." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i4.20294.

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<span>The emergent of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education in Malaysia has embarked challenges in higher education system. Conventional teaching methods often cause lower learning gain, fear and bad perceptions among students. The old initiative may also be the cause of students’ demotivation, lower interest in learning a subject or even dropouts. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an inverted classroom by using the problem-based method in Biology subject among science foundation students. Students were divided into two groups; experimental (EG) and control (CG) group. A topic in Biology had been selected, and an assessment paper was given to both groups before and after the intervention session. The EG would experience self-learning through given materials and asked to conduct a problem-based learning study case. Meanwhile, the CG would obey the conventional teaching method before given a similar study case. The result reported significant improvement in assessment marks for EG group compared to the CG group. The students’ comparison between the pre- and post-test implies that they have shown positive improvement in understanding the content of the subject tested. This finding will serve as a primary platform to improvise and enhance teaching and learning methodology in biology subject for foundation level.</span>

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Setyoko, Setyoko, Fatchur Rohman, and Hadi Suwono. "Development of Animals Ecology Module for Macrozoobentos Community at Higher Institution." Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v3i1.3908.

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Development of animal ecology module with a material of macrozoobenthos community in higher education aimed to develop teaching materials based on the needs of students of Biology Education. The study was conducted from January to March 2014. This research is a development research of module material. Module development is based on study results at the stage of Structure of Macrozoobenthos Community in the Mangrove area of Bukit Batu Beach of Bengkalis Regency. Research and development of animal ecology module are conducted by following 4D model steps. The results of module material development of macrozoobenthos community are used as teaching materials of animal ecology at Biology Education Dept., FTTE- Islamic University of Riau. Results of animal ecology module development obtained was based on expert validation of animal ecology material expert, teaching material, and field practitioners which amounted to 92.59%, 94.86%, and 92.4%, respectively with qualification of excellent and unnecessary to be revised. A test result of small group which was conducted by 30 respondents of students of Biology education, FTTE- Islamic University of Riau amounted to 78.4% with qualification of good and unnecessary to be revised. Module of animal ecology can be used as proper teaching materials by Biology Education student.

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Andarge, Eshetu, Zeleke Gebru, Yordanos Sisay, and Yohannes Shiferaw. "Factors Associated with Attitude towards Wife-Beating among Married Women of the Reproductive Ages in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Scientific World Journal 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9980268.

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Evidence from demographic and health surveys in various countries and Ethiopia too showed that more women are generally believed to justify intimate partner violence (IPV) than men do. An attitude that justifies IPV is one of the factors affecting victimization and perpetration from IPV. However, women’s justification about the violence and factors affecting the justification are not well documented, particularly by addressing household factors such as household food conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to fill this gap among married women of childbearing age so that evidence can be drawn for holistic interventions. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 696 currently married women of childbearing age (15–49) by using a multistage cluster sampling technique to obtain the women from 11 kebeles (the smallest administrative unit in the government structure of Ethiopia) of Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to show the degree of association between the outcome variable and explanatory variables. Nearly two-thirds (59.5%) of the study women justified wife-beating in at least one of the five conditions. A higher odds of justification of wife-beating was observed among women whose marriage was arranged by any other person than the couples themselves, from food-insecure households, with a family size of 5 and above, in the age group of 30–39 years, and whose partner was in the age range of 31–39 years. In contrast, lower odds of justification of wife-beating was observed among women having an age difference of 10 or more years with their partner and those in a household wealth index of middle and higher category. Despite great efforts in realizing gender equality in the country, a higher proportion of women were having the attitude that justifies wife-beating in the five conditions specified to them. Interventions targeting the improvement of women’s attitude towards wife-beating should target against the traditional norms of arranged marriage, improve household food conditions, and decrease family size.

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Gari, Wakshuma, Arega Tsegaye, and Tsige Ketema. "Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." Anemia 2020 (October 19, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851997.

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Anemia is one of the major causes of morbidity for pregnant women in resource-limited regions. Yet robust research-based evidence on this vital public health problem in remote areas where the problem could be massive is quite limited in Ethiopia, one of the developing countries. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending one of the health facilities in Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed in 2019. A total of 384 pregnant women attending the antenatal care (ANC) unit of Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, were included in the study. Their sociodemographic characteristics, and medical, obstetric, and gynecological history were collected using pretested interview questionnaires. Blood samples were collected from each participant for the determination of malaria parasite and hemoglobin (Hb) level. In addition, stool samples were collected for examination of intestinal parasites. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25. The overall magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 37.8% (95% CI, 32.8%–42.3%). The proportion of mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia was 24%, 11%, and 2.3%, respectively. Some variables such as absence of malaria infection (AOR: 0.195, 95% CI: 0.066–0.576), lack of history of abortion (AOR: 0.469, 95% CI: 0.265–0.830), and absence of history of anemia (AOR: 0.227, 95% CI: 0.134–0.385) were identified as protective variables of anemia during pregnancy, while urban residence (AOR: 1.753, 95% CI: 1.013–3.034) was unexpectedly found as a predisposing factor. Despite the higher number of anemic pregnant women observed in the current study, pregnancy-associated anemia is moderate public health importance in the study area.

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Dana, Liyuwork Mitiku, Yohannes Mehretie Adinew, and Mitike Molla Sisay. "Transactional Sex and HIV Risk among Adolescent School Girls in Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 27, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4523475.

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Background. Young people in Sub-Saharan Africa are affected by HIV pandemic to a greater extent than elsewhere. Transactional sex among adolescent school girls with older men commonly called “sugar daddies” is one of the major factors fueling the spread of the infection due to the extended sexual network. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with transactional sex among adolescent girls and “sugar daddies” in relation to HIV/AIDS. Methods. Mixed method cross-sectional study was done among 620 female students in Hawassa town, South Ethiopia, from September 2010 to May 2011. A structured questionnaire and in-depth interview check list were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Survey participants were selected randomly from five preparatory schools whereas ten in-depth interview participants were recruited by a snowball sampling technique from the same schools. Data were entered using Epi-Info and analyzed by SPSS. A descriptive statistics followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with transactional sex with “sugar daddy’’. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. We used OpenCode software for coding and categorizing the in-depth interviews and quotes that represent the informants opinion were used to support the quantitative findings. Results. A substantial number of female students, 71(11.5%), reported to have had transactional sex with older men. Most of the respondents who dated “sugar daddies” (93%) had multiple sexual partners concurrently and sequentially, and among them, only 22.7% had consistent condom use. Girls who were in older age group [OR (CI) 6.87 (3.48-13.58)], who had lost both parents [OR (CI) 2.99 (1.14-7.84)], had perceived less economic status [OR: 25.41; 95% CI: 7.80-82.76] and engaged in substance abuse [OR (CO) 5.8 (2.1-15.77)] had higher odds of practicing transactional sex with “sugar daddies”. In-depth interviewed participants also revealed that they were involved in transactional sex for monetary while having concurrent and subsequent sexual network with their schoolmates and other young partners. Conclusion. Transactional sex among female students was high, and the sexual network they had with the young men put young people in the network at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, HIV prevention programs shall focus on transactional sex among adolescent school girls to halt transmission of HIV among the generation.

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Seyoum, Masresha, Bamlaku Enawgaw, Zegeye Getaneh, Getabalew Engidaye, Fikir Asrie, and Mulugeta Melku. "Basic Coagulation Parameters among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5320827.

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Objective. We aimed at assessing the basic coagulation parameters of HIV-infected adults at the University of Gondar Hospital antiretroviral therapy clinic. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017. A total of 300 study participants, consisting of 100 HAART-naïve HIV-infected adults, 100 HIV-infected adults who were taking HAART, and 100 HIV-seronegative apparently healthy adults, were included. Basic coagulation functional assays such as PT, APTT, and INR were determined by coagulation analyzer. CD4 cells and platelet count were analyzed by FACS count and SYSMEX K-21N automated analyzer, respectively. The data were entered, cleaned, and edited using Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Kruskal-Wallis H, Dunn-Bonferroni pairwise comparison test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis were used for inferential statistics. The results were expressed by a median and presented in tables. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. PT, APTT, and INR were significantly higher, whereas platelet count was significantly lower in HIV-infected adults (both who were taking HAART and HAART-naïve) than HIV-seronegative adults (P<0.001). PT and INR were significantly higher, and platelet count was significantly lower in HAART-naïve HIV-infected adults than HIV-infected adults who were taking HAART. In Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis, APTT has shown a significant negative correlation with a CD4 count in HAART-naïve HIV-infected adults. Conclusion. HIV-infected adults are more likely to develop coagulation abnormality than HIV-seronegative subjects. Coagulation parameters need to be checked regularly to monitor coagulation disorders in HIV-infected adults.

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Yeheyis, Likawent, Claudia Kijora, Michael Wink, and Kurt J. Peters. "Effect of a Traditional Processing Method on the Chemical Composition of Local White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Seed in North-Western Ethiopia." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2011): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-7-812.

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The effect of a traditional Ethiopian lupin processing method on the chemical composition of lupin seed samples was studied. Two sampling districts, namely Mecha and Sekela, representing the mid- and high-altitude areas of north-western Ethiopia, respectively, were randomly selected. Different types of traditionally processed and marketed lupin seed samples (raw, roasted, and finished) were collected in six replications from each district. Raw samples are unprocessed, and roasted samples are roasted using firewood. Finished samples are those ready for human consumption as snack. Thousand seed weight for raw and roasted samples within a study district was similar (P > 0.05), but it was lower (P < 0.01) for finished samples compared to raw and roasted samples. The crude fibre content of finished lupin seed sample from Mecha was lower (P < 0.01) than that of raw and roasted samples. However, the different lupin samples from Sekela had similar crude fibre content (P > 0.05). The crude protein and crude fat contents of finished samples within a study district were higher (P < 0.01) than those of raw and roasted samples, respectively. Roasting had no effect on the crude protein content of lupin seed samples. The crude ash content of raw and roasted lupin samples within a study district was higher (P < 0.01) than that of finished lupin samples of the respective study districts. The content of quinolizidine alkaloids of finished lupin samples was lower than that of raw and roasted samples. There was also an interaction effect between location and lupin sample type. The traditional processing method of lupin seeds in Ethiopia has a positive contribution improving the crude protein and crude fat content, and lowering the alkaloid content of the finished product. The study showed the possibility of adopting the traditional processing method to process bitter white lupin for the use as protein supplement in livestock feed in Ethiopia, but further work has to be done on the processing method and animal evaluation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biology – Study and teaching (Higher) – Ethiopia'

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