Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biomarcador molecular'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Biomarcador molecular.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Santos, Alexandra Raquel Tavares dos. "Desenvolvimento de um biossensor para um biomarcador do cancro da mama." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14280.
Full textA presente dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo dedicado ao diagnóstico do cancro da mama em point-of-care e que foi construído com base na preparação de um novo material biomimético e sua incorporação em membranas poliméricas de poli(cloreto de vinilo), PVC, plastificado, para subsequente deteção potenciométrica. Foi considerado para este estudo o biomarcador de interesse clínico convencional no contexto do cancro da mama, o Breast Cancer Antigen (CA15-3). O desenho do novo material biossensor baseou-se na síntese de anticorpos plásticos por tecnologia de impressão molecular. O anticorpo plástico foi impresso por polimerização em volta da estrutura proteica do CA15-3, atuando este biomarcador como obstáculo ao crescimento da matriz polimérica. O polímero impresso foi obtido por eletropolimerização de pirrol, estabelecida na superfície de vidro condutor (com FTO) com base em voltametria cíclica, que compreendeu 40 ciclos entre -0,2 e 1,0 V. A mistura reacional utilizada continha monómero (pirrol, 5,0×10-3 mol/L) e proteína molde (CA15-3, 100U/mL), preparados em solução de tampão fosfato salino, com pH 7,2 e com 1% de etilenoglicol. O biomarcador foi removido da matriz polimérica por ação proteolítica da proteinase K. O material biomimético preparado foi aplicado na construção de sensores potenciométricos e testado relativamente à sua afinidade e seletividade de ligação à CA15-3, por avaliação do desempenho analítico dos elétrodos resultantes. Para este efeito, o material biomimético foi disperso em membranas de PVC plastificado, que continham ou não um aditivo iónico lipofílico, e aplicado em suporte condutor sólido. O desempenho analítico foi avaliado inicialmente em meio tampão e posteriormente em soro sintético. As melhores características de resposta analítica em soro sintético foram obtidas com membranas preparadas com material impresso e com aditivo aniónico lipofílico, tetrakis-4-(Clorofenil)borato. Os limites de deteção correspondentes foram, em média, 4,6 U/mL de CEA, para uma resposta linear a partir de 5,4 U/mL e uma sensibilidade catiónica igual a 60,6 mV/década. As análises de soro sintético dopado indicaram resultados exatos e precisos.
This thesis presents the development of a low cost sensor device for the diagnosis of breast cancer in point-of-care, made with new synthetic biomimetic materials that were incorporated in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, membranes, for subsequent potentiometric detection. This concept was applied to target a conventional biomarker in breast cancer: Breast Cancer Antigen (CA15-3). The new biomimetic material was obtained by molecularly-imprinted technology. In this, a plastic antibody was obtained by polymerizing around the biomarker that acted as an obstacle to the growth of the polymeric matrix. The imprinted polymer was specifically synthesized by electropolymerization on FTO conductive glass, by using cyclic voltammetry, including 40 cycles within -0.2 and 1.0 V. The solution where the polymerization took place contained monomer (pyrrol, 5.0×10-3 mol/L) and protein template (CA15-3, 100U/mL), all prepared in phosphate buffer saline, with a pH of 7.2 and 1% of ethylene glycol. The biomarker was removed from the imprinted sites by proteolytic action of proteinase K. The biomimetic material was employed in the construction of potentiometric sensors and tested with regard to its affinity and selectivity for binding CA15-3, by checking the analytical performance of the obtained electrodes. For this purpose, the biomimetic material was dispersed in plasticized PVC membranes, including or not a lipophilic ionic additive, and applied on a solid conductive support of graphite. The analytical behavior was evaluated first in buffer and later in synthetic urine. The best analytical performance in buffer was obtained with membranes including biomimetic material and lipophilic anionic additive, tetrakis-4-(Chlorophenyl)borate. The average limits of detection were 4.6 U/mL of CEA, with a linear response down to 5.4 U/mL and a cationic slope of 60.6 mV/decade. The analysis of spiked serum samples showed accurate and precise results.
Oliveira, Samara Sant'Anna de. "Avaliação da presença de biomarcador molecular de contaminação fecal hospedeiro específico em águas de recreação costeira no Estado do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/9456.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-02-09T12:58:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Samara.pdf: 1104803 bytes, checksum: 5102dcd99cdbe779bd08ee1a5892c2a4 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-02-09T12:58:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Samara.pdf: 1104803 bytes, checksum: 5102dcd99cdbe779bd08ee1a5892c2a4 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-09T12:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Samara.pdf: 1104803 bytes, checksum: 5102dcd99cdbe779bd08ee1a5892c2a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde
Atualmente, indicadores bacteriológicos utilizados para avaliar a balneabilidade das águas de recreação estabelecidos em legislações, apresentam limitações como a correlação com seu hospedeiro. Uma variedade de micro-organismos anaeróbios vem sendo considerados alvos promissores no desenvolvimento de indicadores de poluição fecal hospedeiro-especifico. A espécie M. smithii é a única espécie conhecida que coloniza exclusivamente o trato gastrointestinal humano e é altamente prevalente em esgoto. Sendo assim, este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a presença de M. smithii como bioindicador de contaminação fecal hospedeiro-especifico em águas de recreação costeira no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso foram coletadas amostras de águas superficiais de13 praias (Ilha do governador (n=4), Copacabana (n=1), Leblon (n=2), Prainha (n=2), Ramos (1), Araruama (n=2), Niterói (n=1)) em seguida os parâmetros físico-químicos e as concentrações de coliformes termotolerantes foram determinados. Em seguida foi realizada a caracterização das comunidades de Methano brevibacterspp. através da construção de bibliotecas do gene rrsdo 16S rRNAea detecção e quantificação do M. smithii pela qPCR do gene nifH. Os parâmetros físico-químicos, apresentaram alterações significativas em relação a salinidade e condutividade. Quando analisados em relação a balneabilidade, somente as praias Seca, Pontinha e Ramos apresentaram-se como próprias para atividade recreativa. As análises das bibliotecas demonstraram a prevalência de M. smithiie de organismos não cultivados, muito provavelmente novas espécies do gênero Methano brevibacter ainda não descritas. A PCR convencional detectou M. smithii em 11 amostras, enquanto a qPCR detectou e quantificou cópias do gene nifHem12 amostras. A partir dos dados obtidos podemos concluir que as aplicações de novos indicadores na determinação da origem da contaminação das águas de recreação contribuem para uma avaliação mais precisa da qualidade das águas e consequentemente da saúde da pública.
Currently, bacteriological indicators used to assess bathing water recreation established in laws, have limitations such as the correlation with its host. A variety of anaerobic micro-organisms has been considered promising targets in the development of host-specific indicators of fecal pollution. The specie M. smithiiis the only known species that exclusively colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and is highly prevalent in sewage. Thus, this project aims to assess the presence of M. smithii as bioindicator of host-specific fecal pollution in coastal recreation waters of Rio de Janeiro. For this surface water samples from 13 beaches (Ilha do Governador (n = 4), Copacabana (n = 1), Leblon (n = 2), Prainha (n = 2), Ramos (1), Araruama (n = 2), Niteroi (n = 1)) then the physico-chemical parameters and concentrations of fecal coliforms were determined. Then the characterization of communities Methanobrevibacterspp was performed. by constructing libraries rrs 16S rRNAe detection and quantification by qPCR of M. smithiinifH. The physico-chemical parameter settings showed significant changes in relation to salinity and conductivity. When analyzed for bathing, only Seca, Pontinha Ramos beaches and presented themselves as fitfor recreational activity. Analyses of libraries demonstrated the prevalence of M. smithii and uncultivated organisms, most likely new species of the genus Methanobrevibacter not yet described. Conventional PCR detected in M. smithii 11 samples, while qPCR detected and quantified copies of the nifH 12 samples. From the data obtained we can conclude that applications of new indicators in determining the source of contamination of water recreation contribute to a more accurate assessment of water quality and consequently the health of the public.
Hernández, Prat Anna 1984. "Antitumor effects of novel targeted therapies (TAK-228 and TAK-117) with high selectivity againts PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer : Defining molecular markers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664507.
Full textAdvanced bladder cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and with limited treatment options. Despite of the recent success with the use of immune check-point inhibitors, not all patients will respond to therapy and there is still need for alternative options. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in this pathology and can be a potential therapeutic target for treatment intervention. We studied the antitumor efficacy of TAK-228, an oral mTORC1/2 inhibitor in preclinical models of bladder cancer with signal transduction alterations of this pathway. We demonstrated strong inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro, and reduction of the tumor growth in vivo. Potential biomarkers of response are analysed. Strong synergistic effects were observed with the combination of TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PI3Kα inhibitor). TAK-228 did show improved efficacy when combined with paclitaxel. Further studies with TAK-228 will be needed to see if this preclinical therapeutic efficacy is translated into clinical benefit for selected bladder cancer patients.
Rocha, Tabatha Gutierrez Prieto Martins. "Avaliação dos genes envolvidos na transição epitelial-mesenquimal e sua relação com a progressão e a invasão tumoral em câncer de pulmão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-07112018-133022/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Metastasis are responsible for the death of 90% of patients with lung cancer, indicating the need to know the multiple signaling pathways involved. Adenocarcinomas (Adc) and large cell carcinomas primarily invade blood vessels with distant metastasis, whereas squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) involves the mediastinal lymph nodes. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of low-grade (typical and atypical carcinoid) are indolent, while high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma) metastasize rapidly. Biomarkers of aggressiveness in lung carcinomas remain to be determined, especially in neuroendocrine variants. In these fields, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes profile emerge promise as an indicator of invasion and metastasis. AIMS: Carry out the genetic mapping of EMT in lung cancer, establishing a gene signature capable of predicting the invasion potential of different histological types of lung cancer. METHODS: Were included specimens of 60 patients and the EMT gene expression was quantified with a quantitative real-time (RT)- PCR carried out on StepOnePlus(TM) Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) with RT2 Profiler PCR Array System for the EMT pathway wih 84 target genes. (Qiagen, Dusseldorf, Germany). Associations of the gene signature and clinicopathological features, as well as prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: Was observed high expression of 24 genes (AKT1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, DSP, EGFR, FR11, GSK3B, ILK, ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, JAG1, MAP1B, MMP2, MMP3, SNAI2, SPARC, SPP1, STAT3, TCF3, TGFbeta3, VPS13A, WNT5A) that are involved in the EMT process and act in the development of pulmonary neoplasia. Tumors at the advanced stage and with lymph node metastasis shown a significant higher expression of the genes COL1A2, COL5A2, DSP, EGFR, FR11, GSK3B, ILK, ITGAV, ITGB1, MAP1B, SNAI2 and VPS13A. Comparing the histological subtypes non-neuroendocrine (SqCC and AD) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (TC, AT, SCLC, LCNEC), was observed that the neuroendocrine variant shown a higher significant expression of the genes FR11, GSK3B, ILK, ITGB1, JAG1, MAP1B and VPS13A. Regarding survival, univariate analysis showed lower survival for patients in the advanced tumor stage, with lymph node metastasis and with neuroendocrine carcinoma histology that presenting overexpression for all 24 EMT genes, with the exception of the COL3A1 and SPP1 genes. Cox regression controlled by, histological types and gene expression of ILK, MMP2, SPP1, SPARC, COL1A2 and ITGB1 showed that patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas with higher expression of MMP2 and SPARC had a higher risk of death (OR 5.41 and 4.94, respectively), whereas patients with squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas with lower gene expression of ILK, SPP1, COL1A2, ITGB1 showed lower risk of death (OR -7.02, -0.4, -1.3 and -3.02). CONCLUSION: Was established a potential gene signature of 24 genes involved in the EMT process and capable of predicting the histological aggressiveness, invasion and metastasis in neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine variants of lung carcinomas
Antolín, Hernández Albert. "The Impact of polypharmacology on chemical biology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/329012.
Full textAvui dia un gran nombre de proves demostren que els fàrmacs exerceixen interaccions biològicament rellevants amb més d’una proteïna, un comportament generalment anomenat polifarmacologia. Aquest descobriment està començant a influir en el procés de descobriment de fàrmacs, transformant-lo en una empresa més holística. Per contra, la biologia química continua essent una disciplina reduccionista que encara considera les sondes químiques com molècules molt selectives que permeten la modulació i l’estudi d’una diana específica. En un esforç per portar una visió més àmplia a la pràctica de la biologia química, aquesta Tesi té l’objectiu de demostrar que les sondes químiques, com els fàrmacs, tendeixen a unir-se amb més d’una diana, un comportament que podria haver confós moltes de les conclusions biològiques derivades del seu ús. En conseqüència, en aquesta Tesi utilitzem la superfamília de les proteïnes Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerasa (PARPs) per il•lustrar les conseqüències de la polifarmacologia de les sondes químiques en la pràctica de la biologia química i el conseqüent descobriment de fàrmacs. Seguidament, ampliem aquest anàlisi a una col•lecció de sondes químiques per demostrar la prevalença de la polifarmacologia i aportem recomanacions per a convertir l’ús de sondes químiques potencialment promiscues en biologia química en una pràctica menys arriscada. La biologia química no pot seguir obviant l’existència de la polifarmacologia i els resultats presentats en aquesta Tesi demostren que la biologia química ha d’esdevenir una disciplina més holística que consideri l’ús de sondes químiques des d’una perspectiva de sistemes.
Sousa, Rodrigo Guarischi Mattos Amaral de. "O transcritoma da retinopatia induzida por oxigênio e uma assinatura gênica prognóstica baseada em angiogênese para predição de recidiva de cancer de mama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-28092017-112917/.
Full textAngiogenesis is the process of formation of new blood vessels based on existing vessels. It is a vital process but many diseases also rely on this mechanism to get nourishment and progress. These so called angiogenesis-dependent diseases include cancers, retinopathies and macular degeneration. Some angiogenesis inhibitors were developed in the past decade, aiming to help the management of such diseases and improve patients quality of life. Most of these compounds work by inhibiting VEGFA/VEGFR2 binding, which is also a key element to the survival of quiescent endothelial cells; this may partly explain unanticipated adverse events observed in some clinical trials. We hypothesize that the improvement of anti-angiogenesis therapies hinges on a better and broader understanding of the process, especially when related to diseases\' progression. Using RNA-seq and a well accepted animal model of angiogenesis, the murine model of Oxygen Induced Retinopathy, we have explored the transcriptome landscape and identified 153 genes differentially expressed in angiogenesis. An extensive validation of several genes carried out by qRT-PCR and in-situ hybridization confirmed Esm1 overexpression in endothelial cells of tissues with active angiogenesis, providing confidence on the results obtained. Enrichment analysis of this gene list endorsed a narrow link of angiogenesis and frequently mutated genes in tumours, consistent with the known connection between cancer and angiogenesis, and provided suggestions of already approved drugs that may be repurposed to control angiogenesis under pathological circumstances. Finally, based on this comprehensive landscape of angiogenesis, we were able to create a prognostic molecular biomarker for prediction of breast cancer relapse, with promising clinical applications. In summary, this work successfully unveiled angiogenesis-related genes, providing novel therapeutic alternatives, including potential drugs for repositioning. The set of differentially expressed genes is also a valuable resource for further investigations.
Colàs, Campàs Laura. "Empremta molecular del fenomen clínic de tolerància isquèmica induït per isquèmia cerebral transitòria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668927.
Full textLos ataques isquémicos transitorios (AITs) constituyen la expresión clínica de la isquemia cerebral transitoria y, frecuentemente, preceden al infarto cerebral. Aunque los AITs están asociados a un elevado riesgo de sufrir un ictus isquémico posterior, contribuyen al desarrollo del fenómeno de la tolerancia isquémica (TI), que conduce a una respuesta genómica y proteómica con efectos importantes sobre los sistemas homeostático, inflamatorio y endotelial. El estudio de biomarcadores relacionados con este fenómeno está adquiriendo una gran importancia con la idea de conocer mejor los cambios fisiopatológicos de esta protección. El objetivo general de la tesi ha estado la confirmación de la existencia del fenómeno de TI inducido por el hecho de sufrir un AIT previo al infarto cerebral en una cohorte de pacientes consecutivos (registro ESTOICA, n=541) y de su traducción en cambios en los niveles de expresión de biomarcadores circulantes. Se analizaron las diferencias clínicas, radiológicas y pronosticas entre los pacientes con un AIT previo reciente (n=40 [7,4%]) al ictus isquémico y los que no lo habían sufrido con anterioridad. También se estudiaron las diferencias de expresión de proteínas, metabolitos y miRNAs circulantes entre los dos grupos. Los pacientes con un AIT previo reciente presentaron un perfil etiológico diferente, con un predominio de los subtipos ateromatoso y lacunar, y una mejor evolución clínica y radiológica que se traduce en un posible fenómeno de TI. A parte, hemos identificado cambios en la expresión proteica, metabólica y de miRNAs circulantes, echo que revela la implicación de diferentes vías y actores en este fenómeno y que pueden constituir nuevas dianas para el desarrollo de terapias de neuroprotección.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) constitute the clinical expression of transient cerebral ischemia and frequently precede cerebral infarction. Although TIAs are associated with a high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke, they also contribute to the development of ischemic tolerance (IT) phenomenon, leading to a genomic and proteomic response with important effects on the homeostatic, inflammatory and endothelial systems. The study of IT biomarkers is an emerging field with the goal of improving the knowledge on the physiopathological changes that occur during IT. The main objective of the present thesis was the confirmation of the existence of the IT phenomenon induced by a previous TIA to ischemic stroke in a cohort of consicutive patients (ESTOICA register, n = 541) and its translation in changes in the expression levels of circulating biomarkers. Clinical, radiological and prognostic differences were analyzed between patients with a prior TIA (n = 40 [7.4%]) to ischemic stroke and those who had not suffered it. Differences were also studied in the expression levels of proteins, metabolites and circulating miRNAs between these two groups. Patients with a previous TIA had a different etiologic profile, with a predominance of atheromatous and lacunar subtypes, and a better clinical and radiological evolution that translates into a possible IT phenomenon. In addition, we have identified changes in protein, metabolic and circulating miRNAs, which reveals the involvement of different pathways and actors in this phenomenon and which could provide new targets for the development of neuroprotection therapies.
Sánchez, Monteagudo Ana. "Genética molecular y biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Wilson." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171454.
Full text[CA] La malaltia de Wilson és un trastorn hereditari del metabolisme del coure causat per mutacions en ATP7B, que codifica per a una proteïna transportadora del coure al fetge. El seu mal funcionament produeix alteracions en l'excreció biliar i l'acumulació progressiva de coure, especialment en fetge i cervell. Es va explorar la possible utilitat del perfil de miRNAs circulants com biomarcadors de progressió de la patologia hepàtica. L'avaluació dels models obtinguts per a cadascun dels tres miRNAs va mostrar un bon rendiment per a classificar al grup de pacients amb factors d’evolució desfavorable, en conseqüència, es proposen com a candidats per tal de millorar el seguiment clínic o comprovar l’efectivitat de noves teràpies en la malaltia de Wilson.
[EN] Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7B, which encodes for a liver copper-transporting protein. Its dysfunction causes a deficit in biliary copper excretion and a progressive accumulation of this metal in the organism, mainly in liver and brain. In this work, circulating miRNAs profiling in plasma has been accomplished to identify biomarkers that could serve to monitor disease progression in WD patients under chelation therapy. Developed models for each miRNA exhibited good performance classifying patients with poor outcome factors, consequently, these three miRNAs are proposed as candidates to improve clinical follow-up or to support efficacy of novel therapies in WD.
Esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido financiada por los siguientes proyectos de investigación: “Avanzar en el diagnóstico y la prognosis de la enfermedad de Wilson” Duración: 2016-2019, Fundació Per Amor a l’Art (FPAA) IP: C. Espinós; “Bases genéticas y biomarcadores pronóstico de la enfermedad de Wilson y Wilson-like” 2020-2022, Fundació Per Amor a l’Art (FPAA) IP: C. Espinós; “Estudios clínicos, bases genéticas y biomarcadores pronóstico en enfermedades raras neurodegenerativas” 2019-2021, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Expediente: PI18/00147) IP: C. Espinós; “De genes a terapia en enfermedades neurodegenerativas y neuromusculares” 2018-2021, Generalitat Valenciana, Programa Prometeo para grupos de investigación de excelencia (Expediente: PROMETEO/2018/135) Consorcio de investigadores formado por F. V. Pallardó (coordinador), J.M. Millán, I. Galindo, P. Sanz, T. Sevilla y C. Espinós.
Sánchez Monteagudo, A. (2021). Genética molecular y biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Wilson [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171454
TESIS
Clavé, Safont Sergi. "Diagnòstic molecular de biomarcadors predictius en pacients amb càncer de pulmó de cèl·lula no petita." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668281.
Full textNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be defined at the molecular level by recurrent 'driver' mutations that occur in multiple oncogenes, including ALK and ROS1. To improve outcome, molecular profiling should be available to all patients in order to make targeted therapies accessible. Since 2011, the standard test to detect ALK- and ROS1-rearranged tumors has been fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using break-apart probes and later on, immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both techniques have strengths and limitations and should be used within an appropriate diagnostic context and after proper laboratory validations. In this thesis, we confirmed the low prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements in the Spanish population and identified a high prevalence of ROS1 copy number alterations that neither affect ROS1 protein expression nor present associated clinical implications. More recently, the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels to assess multiple clinically relevant genomic abnormalities has shown feasibility to detect gene rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma. Comparison with widely accepted FISH and IHC methodologies has been tested herein for clinical application. Discrepancies between techniques have been found, especially in ALK and ROS1 rearranged cases with isolated 3’ signals FISH pattern. As the effectiveness of therapies targeting ALK and ROS1 is highly dependent upon appropriate selection of patients, we propose a detailed reporting of positive FISH patterns. NGS represents a practical and reliable ALK and ROS1 testing approach for use with routine NSCLC tissue specimens, enabling patients to receive optimal therapies. This novel methodology can also assess genomic-related mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies and guide the appropriate treatment selection.
Guerreiro, Rita João Louro. "Biomarcadores no defeito cognitivo ligeiro e na doença de Alzheimer." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4966.
Full textA doença de Alzheimer é a forma de demência mais comum no idoso, afectando cerca de 10% dos indivíduos com 65 anos. Considera-se que tenha uma origem multifactorial, sendo vários os factores que contribuem para a formação das placas senis, bem como das tranças neurofibrilares, características desta patologia. O diagnóstico baseia-se no exame clínico, testes neuropsicológicos e técnicas de imagiologia cerebral, sendo feito por exclusão de outras formas de demência de causa conhecida. O defeito cognitivo ligeiro (DCL) caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de défices cognitivos subtis mantendo-se, de uma forma geral, intactas a cognição e a realização de actividades da vida quotidiana. A identificação de um biomarcador seria útil não só para o diagnóstico destas patologias, mas também para o início e monitorização de uma terapêutica neuroprotectora, para o acompanhamento da progressão da doença e para a avaliação da população em risco para a doença. Assim, pretendeu-se com este trabalho identificar parâmetros inflamatórios, de stresse oxidativo e níveis de expressão de proteínas envolvidas na morte celular, a nível do sangue periférico, que permitissem diferenciar indivíduos cognitivamente saudáveis de indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer ligeira e DCL. Analisaram-se também polimorfismos genéticos na tentativa de identificar, não só marcadores entre grupos, como indicadores de susceptibilidade para a doença. Pretendeu-se também encontrar preditores de prognóstico da conversão do estadio de DCL para doença de Alzheimer, tendo para isso sido realizado um estudo longitudinal. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que na doença de Alzheimer existe um aumento da percentagem de monócitos a produzir citocinas pró-inflamatórias, o que poderá traduzir um estado inflamatório persistente nesta patologia. Neste contexto, os monócitos, mas não os linfócitos, poderão ser considerados bons alvos de estudo para o controlo da evolução de DCL para doença de Alzheimer. Os parâmetros de stresse oxidativo estudados revelaram um decréscimo das defesas antioxidantes nos grupos de doentes com uma activação evidente do ciclo do glutatião nestas doenças e um aumento significativo nos níveis de metabolitos do monóxido de azoto. Os polimorfismos genéticos estudados não revelaram diferenças significativas entre grupos, à excepção do genótipo da apolipoproteína E. Relativamente à totalidade dos parâmetros avaliados, o grupo DCL apresentou valores intermédios entre o grupo controlo e o grupo de doentes de Alzheimer, o que confirma que esta fase se situa entre o envelhecimento normal e a demência. A confirmação destes resultados, englobando um maior número de indivíduos e o seu acompanhamento ao longo do tempo por um período previsível de cinco anos, abrem novas perspectivas na identificação de biomarcadores da doença, que poderão ser úteis no diagnóstico e prevenção da demência de Alzheimer.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, afecting about 10% of individuals with 65 years of age, and doubling it’s incidence for every 5 years. AD is thought to be a multifactorial disease, with several factors contributing to the formation of senil plaques and neurofibrilary tangles, pathological hallmarks of the disease. Diagnose is performed by clinical examination, neuropsychological tests and brain imaging, ultimately diagnose is made by exclusion of other known forms of dementia. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by the ocorrence of subtle cognitive impairments, generaly keeping intact cognition and ordinary daily activities. Identification of a biomarker would be useful in order to allow the beginning of neuroprotective therapy as early as possible, to monitor this treatment, to relate to the progression of the disease and to identify individuals who are at risk to develop the disease. The aim of this work was to identify peripheral markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and expression levels of cell death related proteins, in order to distinguish between AD, MCI and healthy individuals. Furthermore, genetic polimorphisms were also analysed in the atempt not only to identify genetic differences between these groups, but also to identify markers of susceptibility to the disease. In addition, we also intended to find markers of conversion from an MCI condition to AD, and in order to achieve this goal, we performed a logitudinal study. Our results suggest that in AD there’s an increase in the percentage of monocytes producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, what is in accordance with a persistent inflammatory state in this pathology. Being so, monocytes, but not lymphocytes, may be considered as good biological targets in the control of the evolution from MCI to AD. Oxidative stress results showed a decrease of antioxidant defenses in our patients groups, with a clear activation of the glutathione cycle, additionaly we also found a significant increase in the levels of nitric oxide metabolites in these groups. Genetic polymorphisms screened showed no differences between groups, with the exception of ApoE genotype, as previously described. When analysing all the results from this work, it is clear that MCI’s are in between the ones from AD and the ones from healthy controls, clearly showing that this condition is probably a transition phase between healthy aging and dementia. Confirmation of these results, using a larger sample series and with a duration of approximately 5 years, will probably allow the identification of suitable biomarkers, that may be of extreme importance in diagnose and prevention of AD.
Capdevila, i. Castillón Jaume. "Tipificació molecular de tumors neuroendocrins gastroenteropancreàtics. Desenvolupament de noves teràpies i búsqueda de nous biomarcadors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399562.
Full textThe knowledge of the molecular biology of the neuroendocrine tumors carcinogenesis is still limited today. This fact has limited predictive and prognostic biomarker identification and the development of therapies aimed at this population of patients. The aim of this work was to identify genomic and epigenomic changes of neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract and assess the possibility of creating mouse models derived from patients as a prelude to the design of clinical studies in patients based on the molecular alterations observed. The work has focused on primary colonic neuroendocrine carcinomas, a rare, treatment orphan and highly aggressive tumor. Initially, through the national group of endocrine tumors (GETNE) paraffin-embedded tumor samples were identified of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of primary colonic. After centrally pathological confirmation genomic and epigenomic studies have been conducted to characterize the molecular alterations of this tumor type. Meanwhile, it has managed to create an animal model derived from patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma carrier of the gene mutation in BRAF to carry out experiments in vitro with targeted therapies against this mutation. In summary, the results have enabled us to identify the most prevalent mutations in neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon, highlighting the high percentage of mutations V600E in the gene BRAF compared with the adenocarcinoma of the colon. Also, the DNA methylation profile of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon is significantly different from that observed in adenocarcinomas of the colon, which together with the genomic profile and chromosomal instability observed in neuroendocrine carcinomas confirm the differences in the origin of the two cancers, the molecular biology of both cancer types and the likelihood of response to targeted therapies confirmed in the PDX models. The results of this doctoral thesis will continue with the study of the molecular characteristics of this patient population, the search for new biomarkers and the design of clinical trials aimed for an orphan patient population currently lacking of effective treatment.
Paula, Sálua Oliveira Calil de [UNESP]. "Avaliação de biomarcadores moleculares em mulheres com câncer de ovário." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114040.
Full textIntrodução: O câncer de ovário (CO) é a maior causa de morte por neoplasia ginecológica nos países desenvolvidos. Atualmente, um modelo dualístico de classificação foi proposto, sendo os tumores tipo I de baixo grau, indolentes e com mutações estáveis. Os tumores tipo II são de alto grau e mais agressivos. Além disso, na tentativa de se entender o processo de carcinogênese, vários biomarcadores têm sido estudados como as micropartículas (MPs), as citocinas e as quimiocinas. O objetivo desse estudo é a avaliação de fatores solúveis da resposta inflamatória (MPs, citocinas e quimiocinas) em mulheres com CO e compará-los com os níveis encontrados em mulheres sem malignidade e com parâmetros clínicos. Métodos: Avaliaram-se 26 mulheres com CO e 16 mulheres sem evidência de neoplasia maligna (grupo controle). Foram coletadas amostras de plasma e tecido tumoral. A avaliação dos fatores inflamatórios foi realizada por meio da dosagem de citocinas (IL-1- β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, TNF e IFN-gama, e quimiocinas (CXCL8, CXCL-9, CXCL 10, CCL 2, CCL5) e das micropartículas (neutrófilos, leucócitos, monócitos, eritrócitos, endotélio, plaquetas e linfócitos) por citometria de fluxo/CBA (Cytometric Bead Array). As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelos testes Kruskal- Walis ou Mann-Whitney e a sobrevida por Cox Regression. As diferenças com valor de p<0,05 foram consideradas significativas.Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à idade, paridade e menopausa. No grupo de mulheres com CO, 10 (38,5%) tinham estadio I/II e 16 (61,5%) tinham estadio III/IV. Em relação ao tipo tumoral, segundo a nova classificação, 8 (30.8%) eram tipo I e 18 foram tipo II (69.2%). Citorredução ótima foi obtida em 15 (57.7%) mulheres com CO. Os valores de CA 125 foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. Não houve óbito em mulheres com tumores ...
Introduction : Ovarian cancer ( OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer in developed countries . Currently , a dualistic classification model was proposed .Type I tumors are low-grade , indolent and have stable mutations . Type II tumors are high grade and more aggressive . Moreover, in an attempt to understand the process of carcinogenesis , several biomarkers have been studied as microparticles (MPs ) , cytokines and chemokines. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the levels of circulating soluble biomarkers-microparticles, cytokines and chemokines- to characterize the pro-inflammatory/modulatory immune response in women with OC. The correlation between the biomarker levels and the clinico-pathological parameters were also analyzed. Methods : We evaluated 26 women with OC and 16 women without evidence of malignancy ( control group ) . Plasma samples and tumor tissue were collected . The assessment of inflammatory markers was performed by measurement of cytokine (IL -1- β , IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-10 , IL-12 , IL -17A , TNF and IFN –gamma), chemokines ( CXCL8 , CXCL -9 , CXCL 10 , CCL 2 , CCL5 ) and microparticles (neutrophils , leukocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, endothelium , platelets and lymphocytes) by flow cytometry / CBA ( cytometric Bead Array) . Differences among groups were evaluated by Kruskal - Wallis or Mann - Whitney and survival by Cox Regression . Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding age , parity and menopause. In the group of women with OC , 10 ( 38.5 % ) were stage I / II and 16 ( 61.5 % ) were stage III / IV . Concerning tumor type , according to the new classification , 8 (30.8 % ) were type I and 18 ( 69.2 % ) were type II . Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 15 ( 57.7 % ) women with OC . CA 125 values were significantly different between groups . There were no deaths in women with type I tumors. Stratifying by ...
Paula, Sálua Oliveira Calil de. "Avaliação de biomarcadores moleculares em mulheres com câncer de ovário /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114040.
Full textCoorientador: Andréia Teixeira de Carvalho
Banca: José Ricardo Paciência Rodrigues
Banca: Jorge Nahas Neto
Banca: Jurandyr de Andrade
Banca: Walter Antônio Prata Pace
Resumo: Introdução: O câncer de ovário (CO) é a maior causa de morte por neoplasia ginecológica nos países desenvolvidos. Atualmente, um modelo dualístico de classificação foi proposto, sendo os tumores tipo I de baixo grau, indolentes e com mutações estáveis. Os tumores tipo II são de alto grau e mais agressivos. Além disso, na tentativa de se entender o processo de carcinogênese, vários biomarcadores têm sido estudados como as micropartículas (MPs), as citocinas e as quimiocinas. O objetivo desse estudo é a avaliação de fatores solúveis da resposta inflamatória (MPs, citocinas e quimiocinas) em mulheres com CO e compará-los com os níveis encontrados em mulheres sem malignidade e com parâmetros clínicos. Métodos: Avaliaram-se 26 mulheres com CO e 16 mulheres sem evidência de neoplasia maligna (grupo controle). Foram coletadas amostras de plasma e tecido tumoral. A avaliação dos fatores inflamatórios foi realizada por meio da dosagem de citocinas (IL-1- β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, TNF e IFN-gama, e quimiocinas (CXCL8, CXCL-9, CXCL 10, CCL 2, CCL5) e das micropartículas (neutrófilos, leucócitos, monócitos, eritrócitos, endotélio, plaquetas e linfócitos) por citometria de fluxo/CBA (Cytometric Bead Array). As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelos testes Kruskal- Walis ou Mann-Whitney e a sobrevida por Cox Regression. As diferenças com valor de p<0,05 foram consideradas significativas.Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à idade, paridade e menopausa. No grupo de mulheres com CO, 10 (38,5%) tinham estadio I/II e 16 (61,5%) tinham estadio III/IV. Em relação ao tipo tumoral, segundo a nova classificação, 8 (30.8%) eram tipo I e 18 foram tipo II (69.2%). Citorredução ótima foi obtida em 15 (57.7%) mulheres com CO. Os valores de CA 125 foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. Não houve óbito em mulheres com tumores ...
Abstract: Introduction : Ovarian cancer ( OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer in developed countries . Currently , a dualistic classification model was proposed .Type I tumors are low-grade , indolent and have stable mutations . Type II tumors are high grade and more aggressive . Moreover, in an attempt to understand the process of carcinogenesis , several biomarkers have been studied as microparticles (MPs ) , cytokines and chemokines. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the levels of circulating soluble biomarkers-microparticles, cytokines and chemokines- to characterize the pro-inflammatory/modulatory immune response in women with OC. The correlation between the biomarker levels and the clinico-pathological parameters were also analyzed. Methods : We evaluated 26 women with OC and 16 women without evidence of malignancy ( control group ) . Plasma samples and tumor tissue were collected . The assessment of inflammatory markers was performed by measurement of cytokine (IL -1- β , IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-10 , IL-12 , IL -17A , TNF and IFN -gamma), chemokines ( CXCL8 , CXCL -9 , CXCL 10 , CCL 2 , CCL5 ) and microparticles (neutrophils , leukocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, endothelium , platelets and lymphocytes) by flow cytometry / CBA ( cytometric Bead Array) . Differences among groups were evaluated by Kruskal - Wallis or Mann - Whitney and survival by Cox Regression . Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding age , parity and menopause. In the group of women with OC , 10 ( 38.5 % ) were stage I / II and 16 ( 61.5 % ) were stage III / IV . Concerning tumor type , according to the new classification , 8 (30.8 % ) were type I and 18 ( 69.2 % ) were type II . Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 15 ( 57.7 % ) women with OC . CA 125 values were significantly different between groups . There were no deaths in women with type I tumors. Stratifying by ...
Doutor
Dalpiaz, Tiago. "Biomarcadores moleculares na rejeição mediada por anticorpos em transplantados renais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35896.
Full textIntroduction: Acute antibody mediated rejection (ABMR) is currently a major limitation to the success of renal transplantation. Its diagnosis is complex and inaccurate and the development of non-invasive biomarkers can represent promising methods for that. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in kidney transplant patients, the expression of genes related to the antibody mediated rejection and cellular, in renal tissue and peripheral blood. Methods: Crosssectional study with 56 kidney transplant patients divided into the following diagnostic categories according by the Banff 2007 classification: ABMR, acute cellular rejection (ACR), acute tubular necrosis (ATN), ACR+ABMR and normal. We used Real Time PCR to quantify relative expression of genes: CD20, CD138, von Willebrand factor (vWF), FOXP-3 and TIM-3. Results: Patients with ABMR presented, both in renal tissue and in peripheral blood, CD20 and TIM-3 mRNA transcripts significantly increased (P <0.01), in relation to groups ATN and normal. Other results with significantly higher expression in ABMR in relation to the normal group were FOXP-3 in the peripheral blood (P <0.01), CD138 in tissue (P <0.01) and vWF renal tissue and blood (P <0.05). The ROC curves demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950 (P <0.001) for CD20 in peripheral blood. Using the 6.0 cutoff point was obtained 94% sensitivity and 88% specificity for the diagnosis of RAMA. CD138 in renal tissue showed AUC 0, 905 (P <0.001), and 6.0 cutoff point was found 91% sensitivity and specificity 85%. Conclusion: The expression of CD20, both in renal tissue and in peripheral blood, and CD138 in tissue were significantly higher in patients with ABMR. More studies can confirm these findings and enable the use of the expression of these and other genes as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ABMR.
Quezada, Tapia Nataly Ollan. "Comparación de dos secuencias genómicas como biomarcadores para el diagnóstico molecular de Mycobacterium Boris." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131405.
Full textMycobacterium bovis es el microorganismo zoonótico causante de la tuberculosis bovina, patología infectocontagiosa de distribución mundial responsable de graves problemas económicos y de salud en el sector ganadero. Debido a que varios estudios han establecido la utilidad de las secuencias de inserción IS6110 e IS1081 en la identificación y tipificación de cepas del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer protocolos de PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa) para la amplificación de las secuencias IS6110 e IS1081 y determinar la existencia de diferencias en su capacidad de detectar Mycobacterium bovis en tejidos bovinos. El análisis estadístico de los resultados sugirió que no existen diferencias significativas entre los ensayos de PCR convencional basados en IS1081 e IS6110, lo que contrasta con lo señalado por otros autores, quienes postulan que IS1081 está presente en mayor número de copias en cepas de Mycobacterium bovis, y por tanto, su utilidad en el diagnóstico es mayor. Debido a que la concordancia de ambas pruebas fue baja, se requieren nuevos estudios destinados a determinar la aplicabilidad de ambas secuencias en conjunto, por ejemplo en una prueba de PCR múltiple, ya que este trabajo sugiere que son complementarias para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis bovina
Proyecto FIV 121014019102003
Lages, Elisa Lopes e. [UNESP]. "Avaliação de biomarcadores inflamatórios moleculares em pacientes com câncer de mama." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114039.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
A alta prevalência do câncer de mama é um fator que nos instiga a investigar novos biomarcadores para a doença. Proteínas séricas ou plasmáticas já são utilizadas rotineiramente no rastreamento de algumas neoplasias. As micropartículas (MPs) são fragmentos da membrana plasmática liberadas por diversos tipos celulares e estão associadas com a resposta inflamatória. Estudos recentes mostram que a presença de MPs e citocinas/quimiocinas circulantes possuem uma relevante associação clínica com o câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir os níveis desses biomarcadores inflamatórios (MPs, citocinas e quimiocinas) no soro de mulheres com câncer de mama pré e pós-quimioterapia comparando com o grupo controle; assim como associar esses dados com diversos parâmetros clínicos e hemograma. Foi coletado sangue periférico de mulheres sem evidências de doenças (n=20) e com câncer de mama (n=38). Foi utilizada a citometria de fluxo para dosagens dos níveis séricos de citocinas (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 IL-10, IL-12, IL- 17A, TNF, IFN-gama), quimiocinas (CXCL-8, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CCL-2, CCL-5) e micropartículas provenientes de diversas células (neutrófilos, leucócitos, monócitos, eritrócitos, endotélio, plaquetas, linfócitos). As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal- Walis. As diferenças com valor de p<0,05 foram consideradas significativas. Não houveram diferenças significativas nos níveis de micropartículas, citocinas e quimiocinas estudadas entre os grupos controle e câncer de mama. Entretanto houve uma diminuição dos níveis de micropartículas derivadas de plaquetas nas pacientes pós-quimioterapia e um aumento de níveis séricos de IL-6, CCL-5 e CXCL-10 pós-quimioterapia. Em associação com os dados clínicos foi demostrado que baixos níveis de micropartículas derivadas de monócitos e altos níveis de CCL-2 e CXCL10 estão associados a tumores mais ...
Lages, Elisa Lopes e. "Avaliação de biomarcadores inflamatórios moleculares em pacientes com câncer de mama /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114039.
Full textCoorientador: Andréa Teixeira de Carvalho
Banca: Paulo Traiman
Banca: Gilberto Uemira
Banca: Eduardo Batista Cândido
Banca: Ricardo dos Reis
Resumo: A alta prevalência do câncer de mama é um fator que nos instiga a investigar novos biomarcadores para a doença. Proteínas séricas ou plasmáticas já são utilizadas rotineiramente no rastreamento de algumas neoplasias. As micropartículas (MPs) são fragmentos da membrana plasmática liberadas por diversos tipos celulares e estão associadas com a resposta inflamatória. Estudos recentes mostram que a presença de MPs e citocinas/quimiocinas circulantes possuem uma relevante associação clínica com o câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir os níveis desses biomarcadores inflamatórios (MPs, citocinas e quimiocinas) no soro de mulheres com câncer de mama pré e pós-quimioterapia comparando com o grupo controle; assim como associar esses dados com diversos parâmetros clínicos e hemograma. Foi coletado sangue periférico de mulheres sem evidências de doenças (n=20) e com câncer de mama (n=38). Foi utilizada a citometria de fluxo para dosagens dos níveis séricos de citocinas (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 IL-10, IL-12, IL- 17A, TNF, IFN-gama), quimiocinas (CXCL-8, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CCL-2, CCL-5) e micropartículas provenientes de diversas células (neutrófilos, leucócitos, monócitos, eritrócitos, endotélio, plaquetas, linfócitos). As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal- Walis. As diferenças com valor de p<0,05 foram consideradas significativas. Não houveram diferenças significativas nos níveis de micropartículas, citocinas e quimiocinas estudadas entre os grupos controle e câncer de mama. Entretanto houve uma diminuição dos níveis de micropartículas derivadas de plaquetas nas pacientes pós-quimioterapia e um aumento de níveis séricos de IL-6, CCL-5 e CXCL-10 pós-quimioterapia. Em associação com os dados clínicos foi demostrado que baixos níveis de micropartículas derivadas de monócitos e altos níveis de CCL-2 e CXCL10 estão associados a tumores mais ...
Abstract: Not available
Doutor
Nagaoka, Doris. "Caracterização geoquímica orgânica em sedimentos presentes nos Pockmarks e Diápiros do talude sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21137/tde-29012019-135931/.
Full textOrganic molecular markers (aliphatic hydrocarbons, sterols and alcohols) in superficial and short cores sediment samples collected in diapirs and pockmarks located in the southern slope of Brazil were used in order to identify the possible biogenic contributions (autochthonous / allochthonous). In general, in surface samples and throughout the cores samples, the greatest accumulation of total organic carbon in the pockmarks was observed, indicating the possible entrapment of sediments and organic matter inside the concavities. The presence of β-sitosterol, campesterol, alcohols and heavy n-alkanes indicated terrigenous contributions to the study area, which may be due to the continental discharge of Río de la Plata, since the terrigenous predominance is due to the prairies, a typical vegetation of Uruguay and the south of Rio Grande do Sul. The terrigenous sediments transport is carried through the North, along the Brazilian continental shelf, by the Coastal Stream of Brazil. The presence of phytoplankton and zooplankton debris is also due to the influence of the nutrients contribution from Río de la Plata. Possible gas / fluid releases, which sustained chemosynthetic ecosystems at different intervals of two pockmark and diaper cores, were verified by the relative predominance of even-numbered carbon n-alkanes.
Araujo, Leonardo Silva de. "Biomarcadores para tuberculoseestudo do perfil de resposta imune celular e molecular em coorte prospectiva de contatos recentes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14221.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Apesar de tratáveis e curáveis, o diagnóstico das infecções ativa (aTB) ou latente (LTBI) por M. tuberculosis permanece desafiador, impactando diretamente o controle da tuberculose. Portanto, a apresentação de indicativos clínico-epidemiológicos é de grande importância na detecção da aTB na rotina clínica. Os LTBI são assintomáticos, sendo majoritariamente diagnosticados pela resposta imune a antígenos (Ags) micobacterianos, seja pelo teste cutâneo à tuberculina (TCT), ou pelos ensaios de liberação de interferon-gama (IGRA) baseados nos Ags da região de diferença 1 (RD1) ESAT6:CFP10. Contudo, a pequena diminuição nas taxas de novos casos de TB sugere que estes testes devem ser aprimorados. Assim, propomos, i) a avaliação de novos marcadores antigênicos, via IGRA de curta (WBA) e longa (LSA) estimulação, utilizando combinação de Ags constituintes da parede celular (ESAT6:CF10 e PstS1/CFP10), Ags associados a fase de latência (LAA) (Rv2029c, Rv2031c, Rv2034, Rv2628 e Rv3353c), bem como a nova proteína fusionada PStS1(285- 374):CFP10; ii) a investigação de biomarcadores transcriptômicos ex vivo, via amplificação de genes-alvo (qRT-PCR multiplex) ou de sequenciamento de RNA (RNAseq). Para isto, foram coletadas amostras de sangue periférico provenientes de uma coorte prospectiva de contatos recentes (rCt) e pacientes com a TB pulmonar O antígeno PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 apresentou-se mais seletivo que o tradicional ESAT6:CFP10 para os rCt com TCTpositivo (WBA = 42,9% vs 30,2%; LSA = 44,4% vs 41,3%). Em estudos longitudinais, a nova quimera foi capaz de detectar todos os casos incidentes em ambos os ensaios utilizados e de apresentar maior taxa de regressão pósquimioprofilaxia (WBA = 62,5% vs 37,5%; LSA = 77,8% vs 50%). Nenhum participante apresentou resposta exclusivamente aos Ags íntegros PstS1/CFP10. Dos LAA ensaiados, a combinatória dos Ags Rv2029c, Rv2031c e Rv2034 se destacou na detecção de respondedores ao IGRA-RD1 (93.5%). Frequência baixa de respondedores nos grupos controle (5,9%) e aTB (28,6%) foi observada para os LAA isoladamente, com aumento de detecção na combinatória (11,8% e 71,4%, respectivamente). Via amplificação multiplex de 170 alvos gênicos, os genes IFI35, PLAUR, IFIT2, LRG1, DOK2, IFITM1 e KIF22 apresentaram modulação diferencial na aTB, mas, baixo potencial de discriminação entre os rCt (Controles ou LTBI. No grupo rCt-LTBI não houve modulação diferencial para estes genes. Via RNAseq, 56 ou 98 transcritos foram identificados estarem diferencialmente expressos na infecção latente ou ativa, respectivamente, mas mantendo-se especificidade >89%, apenas o gene KRT1 ofereceu sensibilidade de 81,3% na detecção de LTBI. Altamente promissor foi a expressão diferencial dos genes DOCK9, EPHA4 e NPC2, conferindo excelente sensibilidade para pacientes com aTB (100%), ou para indivíduos sadios com alto risco de progressão para aTB. Os potenciais marcadores/biomarcadores, com perfis de resposta celular ou por transcrição gênica gerados neste estudo, fornecem possibilidades de desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagnósticas para LTBI e a TB pulmonar
Despite treatable and curable, the diagnosis methods for active (aTB) or latent (LTBI) M. tuberculosis infection remains challenging, directly affecting tuberculosis control. At clinical routine, the detection of aTB commonly relies on the presentation of clinicalepidemiological indicatives. The LTBI subjects are asymptomatic, being principally diagnosed by the elicited immune response to mycobacterial antigens (Ags), either by tuberculin skin test (TST) or, by interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) using as stimuli Ags ESAT6 and CFP10, both present in the region of difference 1 (RD1). However, the small decrease in worldwide aTB incident cases suggests that nowadays tests for LTBI detection lack in accuracy and should be improved. Therefore, we propose the: i) evaluation of new antigenic markers, via IGRA short- (WBA) and long- term (LSA) stimulation using combination of mycobacterial cell wall antigens (ESAT6: CF10 and PstS1 / CFP10), latency-associated Ags (LAA: Rv2029c, Rv2031c, Rv2034, Rv2628 and Rv3353c) and the new fused-protein PStS1(285-374):CFP10; ii) investigation of ex vivo transcriptomic biomarkers, via target genes amplification (qRT-PCR multiplex) or RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Therefore, peripheral blood samples were collected from a prospective cohort of recent close contacts (rCt) and patients with pulmonary aTB. Stimulation with the Ag PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 was more selective than the traditional ESAT6:CFP10 at rCt-TCTpositive detection (WBA = 42.9% vs 30.2%; LSA = 44.4% vs 41, 3%). In longitudinal analysis, the new chimera was able to detect all incident cases by both tests and showed higher post-chemoprophylaxis regression rates than the RD1 Ags (WBA = 62.5% vs 37.5%; 77.8% vs LSA = 50%). No participant showed exclusive response to PstS1/CFP10 Ags. By combining the LAA Ags Rv2029c, Rv2031c and Rv2034, 93.5% of rCt-IGRA-RD1 responders were detected. While, the frequency of LAA-responders was low at control (5.9%) and aTB (28.6%) groups for the single LAA, or via Ags combination 11,8% e 71,4% , respectively. Via multiplex amplification of 170 target- genes the IFI35, PLAUR, IFIT2, LRG1, DOK2, IFITM1 and KIF22 demonstrated differential modulation at aTB, but low accuracy, showing areas under the curve ( AUC) between 0.67 and 0.73. However, no significant differential modulation was observed at LTBI group. Via RNAseq, 56 or 98 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed at latent or active infection, respectively. Keeping specificity >89%, only KRT1 gene distinguished the LTBI from aTB (sensitivity=81.3%), however, the DOCK9, EPHA4 and NPC2 genes were differentially expressed, providing excellent sensitivity for aTB (100%), or health subjects with a higher risk of progression (LTBI aTB). The potential of new markers/biomarkers, via cellular response or gene transcription profile this study provide tools for the further development of new LTBI and pulmonary aTB diagnostic tests.
2100-04-25
Saco, Rodríguez Yolanda. "Proteínas de fase aguda como biomarcadores en medicina y producción porcina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120243.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the usefulness of serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers of disease and indicators of growth performance in pigs. The APPs are plasma protein that increase its concentration in response to different types of attacks that affect the organism. In pigs the three major APPs are: haptoglobin (Hp), Pig Major Acute Phase Protein (Pig-MAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Study 1 was conducted to validate an immunoturbidimetric method used for the determination of human CRP for use with porcine samples. It was concluded that the human method due to its good precision, traceable calibrator and satisfactory overlap performance, can be used with porcine samples meanwhile there is neither a reference method nor a reference material for determination of CRP in pig. In study 2, the kinetic profile of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Pig-MAP were evaluated in pigs throughout the productive cycle in a fattening farm. No significant differences were observed in haptoglobin, Pig-MAP and CRP concentrations between males and females. The concentration of Pig-MAP decreased progressively until 13 weeks of age. At week 8, a PRRS virus recirculation took place but the serum concentration of any APPs did not increase. By contrast, at the end of the period of this study, all three proteins increased concomitantly to a clinical outbreak with severe respiratory problems. In study 3, the serum concentration of Hp and Pig-MAP were analyzed in a group of pigs receiving a feed additive with immunomodulatory properties. These animals were from the same commercial farm than those in study 2 and raised in parallel. For this reason, pigs of Study 2 were used as control group. Animals receiving this additive in the diet showed lower levels of Hp after three weeks of treatment and had an improvement in total body weight and average daily gain. By contrast, the concentrations of Pig-MAP were unchanged throughout the study. Hp concentrations increased in both groups after administration of Aujeszky vaccine. In conclusion, this study shows that the haptoglobin in a good biomarker to monitorize production parameters and for monitoring Aujeszky vaccine in pigs reared under standard commercial conditions. In study 4, an experimental infection was performed with six different strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), four of them belonging to genotype I and two to genotype II. Hp and CRP were found to be the APPs which increased more markedly after infection, however, the serum concentration of Pig-MAP did not change significantly. Finally, study 5 investigated the relationship between the presence of lung lesions in pigs at the slaughterhouse and serum concentration of Hp, CRP and Pig-MAP. The pigs came from 24 farms classified according to the level of pleuritis lesions (pleuritis negative: P-, or pleuritis positive: P+) and cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation (CPVC negative: M-and CPVC positive: M+) observed in slaughterhouse. Serum samples from 20 pigs from each farm were collected and testedfor APPs. All three proteins clearly increased on farms M+, but only Hp and Pig-MAP increased significantly in the P+. ROC analysis concluded that the best APP to discriminate between groups P+ / P- and M+ / M-was Pig-MAP.
Marcarini, Juliana Cristina [UNESP]. "Estudo do flavonóide rutina na citotoxicidade e análise de biomarcadores gênicos e bioquímicos de estresse genotóxico e oxidativo em cultura de células." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100521.
Full textHá um interesse crescente na investigação de substâncias de origem natural como os flavonóides, devido ao grande número de evidências dos benefícios que eles proporcionam para a saúde, principalmente reduzindo o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. Nesse contexto, a rutina é um flavonóide que tem sido bem caracterizado na literatura por apresentar uma variedade de atividades farmacológicas incluindo propriedades antiinflamatória, antialérgica, antimutagênica, imunomoduladora e hepatoprotetora. Estes efeitos protetores atribuídos a rutina estão relacionados, em grande parte, à sua propriedade antioxidante direta, no entanto, as vias moleculares e os mecanismos de ação desses processos são pouco conhecidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e protetores do flavonóide rutina em concentrações fisiológicas relevantes in vtiro. Para isso, foram utilizadas quatro linhagens de células tumorais: HTC (hepatoma de Rattus norvegicus); HepG2 (hepatoma humano); HT-29 (adenocarcinoma de cólon humano) e 786-O (carcinoma renal humano). Os resultados obtidos com as células HTC mostraram que a concentração de 810 uM de rutina não foi citóxica, apresentou efeito genotóxico e não alterou a expressão dos genes GSTa2 e p38, relacionados ao metabolismo de drogas e controle do ciclo celular, respectivamente. Além disso, a análise dos espectros de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN H1) dos metábolitos das células expostas a concentração genotóxica da rutina (810uM), revelou menores níveis de fosfocolina, glicerofosfocolina, creatina, lactato, acetato e glutationa. A análise dos resultados das linhagens HepG2 e HT-29 revelou que 100 μM de rutina foi citotóxica e reduziu a expressão e a atividade das principais enzimas antioxidantes endógenas: superóxido dismutase...
There is growing interest in the investigation of naturally occurring substances such as flavonoids, due to the large volume of evidence of the benefits they provide for health, mainly by reducing the development of chronic diseases. In this context, rutin is a flavonoid that has been well characterized in the literature by presenting a variety of pharmacological activities including antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antimutagenic, immunomodulating and hepatoprotective. These protective effects attributed to rutin are related in large part to their direct antioxidant properties, however, the molecular pathways and mechanisms of action of these processes are poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and protective flavonoid rutin in the relevant physiological concentrations in vtiro. Therefore, it was using four different strains: HTC (Rattus norvegicus hepatocellular); HepG2 (Human carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) and 786- O (human kidney carcinoma). The results obtained with HTC cells showed that the concentration of 810 UM genotoxic effect of rutin showed no changes in gene expression GSTa2 and p38, related to drug metabolism and cell cycle control, respectively. In addition, NMR analysis of cells exposed to the genotoxic concentration rutin (810 UM) revealed lower levels of phosphocholine, glicerphosphocholine, creatine, lactate, acetate and glutathione. The results of the lines HepG2 and HT-29 revealed that 100 UM of rutin was cytotoxic and reduced the expression and activity of the major endogenous antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (Gr). On the other hand, 10 UM of rutin did not alter the viability and kinetics of cell proliferation, significantly increased the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Marcarini, Juliana Cristina. "Estudo do flavonóide rutina na citotoxicidade e análise de biomarcadores gênicos e bioquímicos de estresse genotóxico e oxidativo em cultura de células /." Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100521.
Full textCoorientador: Mário Sérgio Mantovani
Banca: Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias
Banca: Edson Luis Maistro
Banca: Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
Banca: Denise Crispim Tavares
Resumo: Há um interesse crescente na investigação de substâncias de origem natural como os flavonóides, devido ao grande número de evidências dos benefícios que eles proporcionam para a saúde, principalmente reduzindo o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. Nesse contexto, a rutina é um flavonóide que tem sido bem caracterizado na literatura por apresentar uma variedade de atividades farmacológicas incluindo propriedades antiinflamatória, antialérgica, antimutagênica, imunomoduladora e hepatoprotetora. Estes efeitos protetores atribuídos a rutina estão relacionados, em grande parte, à sua propriedade antioxidante direta, no entanto, as vias moleculares e os mecanismos de ação desses processos são pouco conhecidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e protetores do flavonóide rutina em concentrações fisiológicas relevantes in vtiro. Para isso, foram utilizadas quatro linhagens de células tumorais: HTC (hepatoma de Rattus norvegicus); HepG2 (hepatoma humano); HT-29 (adenocarcinoma de cólon humano) e 786-O (carcinoma renal humano). Os resultados obtidos com as células HTC mostraram que a concentração de 810 uM de rutina não foi citóxica, apresentou efeito genotóxico e não alterou a expressão dos genes GSTa2 e p38, relacionados ao metabolismo de drogas e controle do ciclo celular, respectivamente. Além disso, a análise dos espectros de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN H1) dos metábolitos das células expostas a concentração genotóxica da rutina (810uM), revelou menores níveis de fosfocolina, glicerofosfocolina, creatina, lactato, acetato e glutationa. A análise dos resultados das linhagens HepG2 e HT-29 revelou que 100 μM de rutina foi citotóxica e reduziu a expressão e a atividade das principais enzimas antioxidantes endógenas: superóxido dismutase... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: There is growing interest in the investigation of naturally occurring substances such as flavonoids, due to the large volume of evidence of the benefits they provide for health, mainly by reducing the development of chronic diseases. In this context, rutin is a flavonoid that has been well characterized in the literature by presenting a variety of pharmacological activities including antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antimutagenic, immunomodulating and hepatoprotective. These protective effects attributed to rutin are related in large part to their direct antioxidant properties, however, the molecular pathways and mechanisms of action of these processes are poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and protective flavonoid rutin in the relevant physiological concentrations in vtiro. Therefore, it was using four different strains: HTC (Rattus norvegicus hepatocellular); HepG2 (Human carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) and 786- O (human kidney carcinoma). The results obtained with HTC cells showed that the concentration of 810 UM genotoxic effect of rutin showed no changes in gene expression GSTa2 and p38, related to drug metabolism and cell cycle control, respectively. In addition, NMR analysis of cells exposed to the genotoxic concentration rutin (810 UM) revealed lower levels of phosphocholine, glicerphosphocholine, creatine, lactate, acetate and glutathione. The results of the lines HepG2 and HT-29 revealed that 100 UM of rutin was cytotoxic and reduced the expression and activity of the major endogenous antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (Gr). On the other hand, 10 UM of rutin did not alter the viability and kinetics of cell proliferation, significantly increased the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Bersch, Vivian Pierri. "Cariometria digital em adenocarcinoma de pâncreas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2558.
Full textPancreatic adenocarcinoma still results in high mortality rates despite recent advances in science and technology. The diagnosis is late in most cases, hindering the possibilities of cure. So far, studies searching for early diagnostic methods or effective treatment of pancreatic cancer have not resulted in significant changes. Molecular biology has recently expanded our knowledge about the association between gene abnormalities and pancreatic cancer. Following a different research line, this study aims to determine nuclear features of neoplastic cells through digital karyometry assessment, proposing a first step for future speculations. Studies of other tissues like prostate, breast, and endometrium have recently shown efficacy in differentiating between their normal and neoplastic tissues and also a strong relation between changes found in chromatin of cell nuclei and tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, nuclear features were determined in one thousand and three hundred cells removed from cancerous and normal pancreatic tissue stored at the HCPA Pathology Unit through an eleven year period. Ninety-three chromatin features were studied by digital karyometry. Eleven features showed significantly different values between both groups. The average values for nuclear AREA in cancerous and normal tissue was, respectively, 977.78 and 336.60; for RLM278 was 353.23 and 97.07; for RLM266 99.32 and 28.06; PERIMETER of 125.58 and 65.05; ROUNDNESS of 1.37 and 1.04; IOD of 123.49 and 107.97; FRACDIM of 1.22 and 1.05; DENSMIN of 0.01 and 0.14; DENSMAX of 0.53 and 0.62; DENSSD of 0.25 and 0.10; and DENS20P of 0.49 and 0.33, for cancerous nuclei and normal nuclei, respectively. Seven of those features served as ideal neoplasm markers. Such findings yielded the creation of a specific digital signature for each of the two types of studied tissues.
Souza, Cristiano de Pádua. "Perfil de expressão de microRNAs e seus alvos moleculares em carcinoma pulmonar." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140150.
Full textResumo: Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de morte por câncer no mundo. Apesar dos avanços nas estratégias de diagnóstico e o desenvolvimento de novas terapias com alvos moleculares, pouco progresso tem sido observado quanto ao aumento de sobrevida dos pacientes. Portanto, a identificação de novos biomarcadores ainda é necessária para o desenvolvimento de novas terapêuticas para carcinomas pulmonares. Nesse contexto, os microRNAs (miRNAs) são moléculas promissoras, pois constituem uma classe de RNAs não-codantes reguladores da expressão gênica os quais têm sido evidenciados como biomarcadores diagnósticos, prognósticos e preditivos no câncer. Materiais e Métodos: Amostras de tecido pulmonar tumoral e normal de 38 pacientes com carcinoma de pulmão de células não pequenas (da sigla em inglês NSCLC), dos subtipos histológicos adenocarcinoma e carcinoma de células escamosas, foram avaliadas para a expressão global de miRNAs utilizando a plataforma TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA card A v3.0 (Life Technologies). Os miRNAs com alterações na expressão (FC≥2,0) e p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Os dados de expressão foram associados com a sobrevida global. Análises de bioinformática permitiram identificar genes-alvo regulados pelos miRNAs desregulados. A relação entre sobrevida global e a identificação de uma assinatura de expressão de miRNAs foi avaliada com objetivo de integrar nossos achados utilizando bancos de dados públicos. Resultados: Os resul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Macarulla, Mercadé Teresa. "Análisis molecular en tumores de páncreas avanzados para identificar biomarcadores predictivos de respuesta a nuevas drogas biológicas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377464.
Full textPancreatic cancer presented a dismal prognosis. During the last years an efford has been done in order to improve the results of the chemotherapy in this tumor, however, the overall survival in these patients is less than twelve months. A recent publication suggested that in the next decade pancreatic cancer will be the second leading cause of cancer related dead. The reason is that we don´t have a protocol for diagnosed the tumor in an early stage, when it is potencially curable, and also the lack of effective treatments. The improvement in the knowledge of the biology of the pancreatic neoplasm had allowed to define this tumor as heterogeneous disease, and also define the most common mutations in the pancreatic tumor. Unfortunatelly these mutations are not therapeutic targets. In the last years we identify a mutations, with low frequency, that are target therapies. This tesis is an efford durting four years to collect clincal and biological information of the patients who have participated in the molecular pre-screening of the Vall d´Hebrón University hospital in Barcelona. The objective of this work is to deep in understanding the biology of pancreatic cancer, and also identify potential target therapies. With it we can increase the weapons to treat pancreatic cancer. The most freqüent mutation in pancreatic cancer is KRAS, for this reason, in this tesis we focused on deeping the understanding of this alteration. During years we have improved the sensitivity of the techniques that allow the diagnosis of these molecular alterations, thus allowing a better understanding of pancreatic cancer biology. We also investigate the benefit of the participation of the patients with an advanced pancreatic cancer that progressed to standard therapy to participated in a phase I trial in the Unidad de Fases I de l´Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebrón. This work is a principle to continue working in the same direction
Sousa, Hugo Miguel Teixeira Ferraz dos Santos. ""Perspectiva Actual do Carcinoma Gástrico: da necessidade de diagnóstico precoce à identificação de biomarcadores com base em alterações da glicosilação de proteínas"." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55351.
Full textSousa, Hugo Miguel Teixeira Ferraz dos Santos. ""Perspectiva Actual do Carcinoma Gástrico: da necessidade de diagnóstico precoce à identificação de biomarcadores com base em alterações da glicosilação de proteínas"." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55351.
Full textVilella-Arias, Santiago Andrés. "Estudo de candidatos a biomarcadores moleculares de prognóstico em carcinoma renal de células claras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-20032014-075848/.
Full textThe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most aggressive tumor that affects the kidney in adult people. The RCC is a heterogeneous disease, with many different molecular alterations and varied histological and clinical patterns with different outcome. Currently, only classic anatomopathological variables are used to determine patients\' prognosis. Using a DNA microarray platform, our group identified in a previous work a set of genes differentially expressed in renal tumors. In this study, nine candidates were selected for evaluation as prognostic biomarkers in RCC. Alteration of the gene expression in RCC tumor samples was confirmed for ARNTL, ACTN4 and EPAS1 (p < 0.05) by real time PCR. Additionally, gene expression changes of ARNTL, EPAS1 and CASP7 were also observed in immortalized cell lines derived from renal tumors, recapitulating the expression changes detected in the patients\' tumors. Next, we used tissue microarrays to investigate the protein expression of the selected candidates by immunohistochemistry. Expression of the proteins ACTN4, ARNTL, CASP7 and EPAS1 was detected as significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in patients´ tumors relative to non-tumor renal tissue. Furthermore, immunostaining patterns of the selected candidates were able to stratify patients with RCC in different risk groups according to cancer-specific survival, which also showed significant associations with anatomopathological parameters used in the clinics. ACTN4, ARNTL and EPAS1 immunostaining resulted as independent prognostic parameters of patient survival. CASP7 immunostaining was able to identify subgroups of patients with worse prognosis in a set of low risk patients as determined by their clinical stage, and also identified patients with lower risk of death from cancer amongst patients that relapsed within 5 years after surgery. Overall, these results point to a new set of molecular biomarkers with potential relevance to help in the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Sylvestre, Tatiane Fernanda. "Identificação de biomarcadores moleculares para o diagnóstico de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose utilizando-se proteômica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152955.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-09T17:35:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sylvestre_tf_dr_bot.pdf: 3415633 bytes, checksum: af28727bb056bb44e01fe82328f62eec (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T17:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sylvestre_tf_dr_bot.pdf: 3415633 bytes, checksum: af28727bb056bb44e01fe82328f62eec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma doença sistêmica causada por fungos termodimórficos do complexo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis - P. brasiliensis e P. lutzii. Pacientes com PCM revelam comprometimento imune celular específico. Apesar do tratamento efetivo, os fungos quiescentes podem levar à recaída, geralmente tardia, cujo diagnóstico sorológico tem se mostrado pouco sensível. A sensibilidade do teste de imunodifusão é de cerca de 90% em pacientes com PCM não tratados, mas de apenas 45% em casos de recaída. Além disso, o soro de pacientes com PCM causada por P. lutzii, freqüente na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, não reage com o antígeno clássico obtido do Pb B-339. No seguimento dos pacientes, continua a busca de um critério que dê maior segurança à decisão de se suspender o tratamento. Esses achados mostraram a necessidade de métodos alternativos de diagnóstico e seguimento, como os utilizados em proteômica, que constituiram o presente estudo. Assim, proteínas expressas no soro de pacientes com PCM em atividade - não tratada (causada por P. brasiliensis e por P. lutzii), com recaída da doença (causada por P. brasiliensis) e de controles saudáveis foram identificadas usando-se abordagem proteômica, realizada em quatro etapas - quantificação de proteínas, digestão de proteínas em solução, sequenciamento de peptídeos por espectrometria de massa e análise de dados para identificação de proteínas. Foram identificadas 29 proteínas plasmáticas à admissão, cuja comparação entre os grupos de pacientes sugeriu que a presença da immunoglobulin (Ig) alpha-2 chain C region e a ausência de Ig heavy chain V-III TIL indicariam infecção por P. lutzii e que a ausência da proteína complement factor B poderia ser um preditor de recaída. Na análise evolutiva das proteínas identificadas em pacientes com PCM por P. brasiliensis em tratamento, comparando-se aqueles que apresentaram com os que não revelaram recaída, 29 proteínas foram identificadas. As interações observadas entre as proteínas, usando transferrin e haptoglobin como a principal proteína de ligação, foram fortes com todas as demais. O acompanhamento desses pacientes sugere que a presença de cerulosplamin pode ser um marcador de recaída e que a de transferrin e a apolipoprotein A-II podem contribuir para a avaliação da cura e suspensão do tratamento, evitando que esta decisão seja muito precoce. A avaliação das proteínas selecionadas, identificadas por metodologia proteômica, deve ser realizada em um número maior de pacientes, para validar esses achados.
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex - P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii. Patients with PCM reveal specific cellular immune impairment. Despite the effective treatment, quiescent fungi can lead to relapse, usually late, whose serological diagnosis has presented low sensitivity. The double agar gel immunodiffusion test shows a 90% sensitivity in untreated PCM patients, but it is much lower (45%) in cases of relapse. In addition, serum from patients with PCM caused by P. lutzii, frequent in the Midwest region of Brazil, do not react with the classical antigen obtained from Pb B-339. In the follow-up of the patients, persists the search of a criterium that gives a higher safety for treatment discontinuation. These findings showed the need for alternative methods for diagnosis and follow-up, such as those based on proteomics, which constituted the present study. Thus, serum expressed proteins from patients with active - untreated PCM (caused by P. brasiliensis and by P. lutzii), from relapsed PCM patients (caused by P. brasiliensis) and from healthy controls were identified using a proteomic approach, performed in four steps - protein quantification, protein digestion in solution, peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry and data analysis for protein identification. A total of 29 plasma proteins were identified at admission (before introduction of the treatment), and the comparison regarding groups suggested that the presence of the immunoglobulin (Ig) alpha-2 chain C region and the absence of heavy chain Ig V-III TIL are indicative of infection by P. lutzii and that the absence of the complement factor B protein may be a predictor of relapse. The evaluation of the proteins during the treatment follow-up of the PCM patients infected by P. brasiliensis, separated regarding the presence of relapse, identified 29 proteins. The interactions observed between the proteins, using transferrin and haptoglobin as the main binding protein, were strong with all the others. Patients’ follow-up suggests that cerulosplamin may be a marker of relapse and that transferrin and apolipoprotein A-II may contribute to the evaluation of cure and discontinuation of treatment, avoiding that this decision is too early. The study of the selected proteins in a higher number of patients should be carried out in order to validate these findings.
Righetti, Bárbara Pacheco Harrison. "Respostas bioquímicas e moleculares e sua relação com contaminantes orgânicos em botos-da-tainha (Tursiops truncatus) residentes no sul do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/182609.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-01-09T03:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 349092.pdf: 3180449 bytes, checksum: 35a901a7c9ca1f0f4a4f37c9384ff1d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
A intensificação de atividades industriais e agrícolas na margem de corpos d?água tem imposto aos ambientes aquáticos uma crescente carga de resíduos. Dentre esses, poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) e metais-traço, os quais se concentram no ambiente e nos organismos em decorrência de sua difícil degradação. POPs são biomagnificados através da dieta, alcançando níveis elevados em tecidos adiposos de predadores de topo, como cetáceos. POPs são frequentemente relacionados à maior incidência de doenças oportunistas e de carcinomas e à diminuição das taxas reprodutivas em cetáceos. Faz-se necessário o emprego de biomarcadores que permitam identificar antecipadamente quadros de exposição a tais compostos. O presente trabalho mensurou biomarcadores de biotransformação de xenobióticos, do sistema de defesa antioxidante e defesa imunológica em amostras tegumentares de botos da tainha, residentes no Complexo Estuarino de Santo Antônio dos anjos-Imaruí-Mirim, SC (CEL), e no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS (ELP). Valores de contaminantes bioacumulados e resposta de biomarcadores foram comparados entre locais, machos e fêmeas, adultos e juvenis e entre botos amostrados no inverno e no verão. Níveis de resposta de biomarcadores também foram correlacionados aos níveis de organoclorados (OCs), bifenilas policloradas (PCBs) e éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDEs) bioacumulados. Botos de CEL e ELP apresentaram padrão de PCBs e pesticidas similares. Botos de CEL apresentaram valores médios de ?DDTs/?PCBs significativamente maiores que os animais de ELP, e correlação negativa (r=-0,57) entre a o tamanho da área de concentração de vida e ?POPs bioacumulados. No ELP, os botos apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas de Mirex e PCBs. Dentre os biomarcadores avaliados, níveis de transcrição de metalotionéina 2A (MT2) foram significativamente mais elevados em botos de CEL. Local não exerceu influência significativa sobre níveis de resposta dos demais biomarcadores, Além do local, estação de coleta e sexo influenciaram significativamente concentrações de POPs bioacumulados e níveis de resposta de biomarcadores. Concentração de PCBs, DDTs e hexaclorobenzeno (HCB) foram menores em botos amostrados no inverno. Similarmente, atividade glutationa-S-transferase (GST) foi menor em botos amostrados no inverno. Variação sazonal também foi observada para níveis de transcrição de interleucina 1 (IL1), glutationa redutase (GR), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actina (B-ACT), receptor aril de hidrocarboneto (AHR) e glutationa-S-transferase, isoforma pi (GST-pi), com valores mais elevados de transcrição em botos amostrados no inverno. Em relação ao sexo, concentração de PCBs, DDTs e Mirex foram significativamente maiores em machos. O número de transcritos do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade classe II (MHCII) e beta-actina (B-ACT) também foram significativamente maiores em machos. As atividades superóxido dismutase (SOD), GPx e GR não variaram de acordo com local, sexo, faixa etária ou estação de coleta. Apesar de não terem sido obtidos valores de correlação significativos entre as classes de POPs e os níveis de resposta de biomarcadores, a análise de componentes principais (PCA) permite observar variação similar entre PBDEs, PCBs, Mirex e HCB e atividade GST, SOD e, em menor grau, atividade GPx. Resultados da PCA também indicam variação similar entre DDTs e níveis de transcritos de ARNT e, em menor grau, atividade GR. Atividade EROD e catalase ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção, assim como níveis de transcrição de CYP1A, interleucina-2 (IL-2) e interferon gama (IFN-g) ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção. Portanto, tais biomarcadores não foram incluídos em análises subsequenrtes. Os resultados indicam que níveis de POPs mensurados estão abaixo de valores críticos obtidos em áreas extremamente poluídas e reforçam o papel do Rio Tubarão como fonte de POPs para CEL. A análise de biomarcadores reflete os níveis de contaminação dos botos, apresentando variação também moderada entre as amostras. Níveis de transcrição de MT2, no entanto, indicam maior contaminação por metais-traço em CEL, embora tais elementos não tenham sido mensurados no presente trabalho. Os dados obtidos reforçam o potencial de uso dos níveis de transcrição de ARNT bem como atividade de GST como biomarcadores de exposição a POPs. Níveis de transcrição de MHCII sugerem maior resposta imune em botos com maiores níveis de POPs bioacumulados, possivelmente decorrente de uma maior exposição destes animais a patógenos. Por fim, nossos resultados enfatizam a necessidade de levar em conta a variação sazonal e de sexo quando da realização de estudos de biomonitoramento em cetáceos.
Abstract : Intensified industrial and agricultural development around waters bodies imposes upon aquatic environments an increasing load of chemical residues. Among these, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace metals that accumulate on the environment and its organisms due to its resistance to degradation. POPs are biomagnified through diet, reaching high levels in adipose tissue of top predator, such as cetaceans. POPs are frequently associated to higher occurrence of opportunistic diseases, genetic alterations and diminishing reproductive rates on cetaceans. As such, is necessary to use biomarkers that indicate early-on exposure to POPs. The present study measured biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation, antioxidant defense system and immune response in integument tissue of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) resident to the estuarine complex of Santo Antonio dos anjos-Imaruí-Mirim, SC (CEL) and to Patos lagoon estuary, RS (ELP). Contamination levels and biomarkers response values were compared between locations, males and females, adults and juveniles and dolphins sampled in the summer or winter. Biomarkers response values were also correlated to levels of bioaccumulated organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Dolphins from CEL and ELP present a similar PCB congeners and pesticides pattern. CEL dolphins showed significantly higher ?DDTs/?PCBs values than ELP dolphins, and present a negative correlation (r= -0.57) between concentration area and ?POPs bioaccumulated. For ELP, dolphins showed higher Mirex and PCBs levels. Among analyzed biomarkers, transcription levels of metallothionein 2A (MT2) were significantly higher in dolphins from CEL. Location did not influence significantly other biomarkers. Besides location, sampling season and gender influenced significantly the concentration of POPs bioaccumulated and biomarkers response. PCBs, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) levels were significantly lower in dolphins sampled in the winter. Similarly, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was lower in dolphins sampled in the winter. Seasonal variation was also observed for transcription levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actin (B-ACT), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi), with significantly higher values in samples obtained in the winter. Regarding gender, PCBs, DDTs and Mirex levels were significantly higher in males. Transcription levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) and beta-actin (B-ACT) were also significantly higher in males. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), GPx and GR activity did not vary significantly with location, gender or sampling season. Despite the absence of significant correlation values between POPs classes and biomarkers response, principal component analysis (PCA) exhibits similar variation patterns among PBDEs, PCBs, Mirex and HCB and GST, SOD and GPx activity. PCA results also indicate similar variation pattern between DDTs and ARNT transcription levels and, to a minor extent, GR activity. EROD and catalase activity remained below detection limit, as did the transcription levels of CYP1A, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-g). As such, these biomarkers were excluded from further analysis. Results indicate that measured POPs levels are moderate, below critical values obtained in highly polluted areas and reinforce the role of Tubarao River as a main source of POPs to CEL. Biomarkers response reflected POPs levels and showed moderate variation between samples. However, results indicated a possibly higher contamination of CEL by trace metals and support the usage of ARNT and GST activity as biomarkers to POPs exposure. Also, MHCII transcription rates suggested an increased immune response in contaminated animals, possibly due to a higher exposure to pathogens. Finally, our results emphasize the need to consider seasonal variability upon using molecular biomarkers in cetaceans biomonitoring studies.
López, Safont Nora. "Estudio de la suplementación de la dieta materna con leucina durante la lactancia sobre la predisposición a la obesidad de la progenie e identificación de potenciales biomarcadores asociados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287517.
Full text- Introducción: Actualmente, existe una elevada prevalencia de obesidad en las sociedades desarrolladas. Debido a este hecho, nace un creciente interés por llevar a cabo una alimentación óptima; así como, de disponer de adecuados biomarcadores robustos de salud/enfermedad que nos ayuden a predecir si un individuo está predispuesto a padecer una enfermedad, como la obesidad, antes de que ésta se desarrolle. De manera que, con esta información se puedan poner en marcha ciertas estrategias nutricionales para su prevención. - Contenido de la investigación: El estudio que se aborda en esta tesis pretende contribuir a identificar y caracterizar potenciales biomarcadores predictivos de obesidad y/o alteraciones metabólicas asociadas. Se ha desarrollado un modelo animal basado en la suplementación materna con leucina durante la lactancia, basándose en la hipótesis de que la suplementación con leucina podría incrementar los niveles de leptina en leche materna. En este contexto, resultados previos del grupo han demostrado el papel protector frente a la obesidad de la ingesta de cantidades óptimas de leptina en ratas lactantes machos y, en relación a la leucina, aunque hay cierta controversia en si es beneficiosa o perjudicial, se ha asociado con la obesidad y resistencia a insulina Los resultados indican que la suplementación de la dieta estándar con leucina (2%) en ratas, promueve un aumento de la leptina en leche y ello se asocia al desarrollo de una progenie masculina protegida, en cierta medida, frente al desarrollo de obesidad inducida por dietas hipercalóricas. Sin embargo, tiene el efecto contrario en la progenie femenina, que muestra mayor propensión a la obesidad y también resistencia a la acción de la insulina. Es interesante destacar que los efectos adversos observados sobre la progenie femenina se contrarrestan si la suplementación con leucina se mantiene el resto de la vida, mientras que en la progenie masculina, ello resulta en hiperinsulinemia. - Conclusión: Se han identificado un conjunto de biomarcadores, de los cuales se seleccionan los siguientes por su potencial interés en el ámbito de la obesidad y para su validación en otros modelos experimentales y humanos: a) de mayor susceptibilidad a obesidad en hembras: menor expresión de leptina, adiponectina y UCP2 en tejido adiposo; b) de mejor control glucémico en hembras: mayor proporción de linoleico y menor de oleico y mirístico en plasma; c) de protección frente a la obesidad en machos: lactancia con leche enriquecida en leptina y PUFAs; d) de control glucémico inadecuado en machos: niveles plasmáticos bajos de linolénico y elevados de linoleico.
- Introduction: Currently, there is a high prevalence of obesity in developed societies. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest for optimal nutrition and, for adequate and robust biomarkers of health/disease to help in the prediction of health outcome, to know whether an individual is predisposed to a disease, such as obesity, before it develops. So, this information can contribute to the implementation of nutritional strategies for prevention. - Research content: The study addressed in this Thesis aims to contribute to the identification and characterization of potential predictive biomarkers of obesity and/or associated metabolic disturbances. We have developed an animal model based on maternal leucine supplementation during lactation, based on the hypothesis that leucine supplementation might increase levels of leptin in breast milk. In this context, previous results of our research group demonstrated the protective role against obesity associated with the intake of optimal amounts of leptin in lactating male rats; and in relation to leucine, although there is some controversy whether beneficial or detrimental, it has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The results indicate that supplementation of standard diet with leucine (2%) in rats, promotes an increase in milk leptin, which is associated to the development of a male offspring protected, to some extent, against the development of obesity induced by high energy dense diets. However, it has the opposite effect on the female progeny, showing greater propensity for obesity and resistance to insulin action. Interestingly, the adverse effects on female offspring were counteracted by chronic leucine supplementation, while in the male offspring, this resulted in hyperinsulinemia. - Conclusion: A set of biomarkers have been identified, of which the following are selected for their potential interest in the field of obesity and for validation in other experimental models and humans: a) of increased susceptibility to obesity in females: lower expression of leptin, adiponectin and UCP2 in adipose tissue; b) better glycemic control in females: higher proportion of linoleic acid and lower of oleic and myristic acids in plasma; c) protection against obesity in males: leptin- and PUFA-enriched milk; d) of inadequate glycemic control in males: low plasma levels of linolenic acid and high plasma linoleic acid.
Simões, Ana Carolina Quirino. "Planejamento, gerenciamento e análise de dados de microarranjos de DNA para identificação de biomarcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico de cânceres humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-12092013-172649/.
Full textIn this PhD Thesis, we present our strategies to the development of a mathematical and computational environment aiming the analysis of large-scale microarray datasets. The analyses focused mainly on the identification of molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Here we show the results of several analyses implemented using this environment, which led to the development of a computational tool for automatic annotation of DNA microarray platforms and a tool for tracking the analysis within R environment. We also applied eXtreme Programming (XP) as a tool for planning and management of gene expression analyses projects. All data sets were obtained by our collaborators using two different microarray platforms. The first is enriched in non-coding human sequences, particularly intronic sequences. The second one represents exonic regions of human genes. Using the first platform, we evaluated gene expression profiles of prostate and kidney human tumors. Applying SAM to prostate tumor data revealed 49 potential molecular markers for prognosis of this disease. Gene expression in samples of sarcomas, epidermoid carcinomas and head and neck epidermoid carcinomas was investigated using the second platform. A set of 12 genes were identified as potential biomarkers for local aggressiveness and metastasis in sarcoma. In addition, the analyses of data obtained from head and neck epidermoid carcinomas allowed the identification of 7 potential biomarkers for lymph-nodal metastases.
Ferrer, Font Laura. "Tuning response to therapy in preclinical GL261 glioblastoma through CK2 targeting and temozolomide metronomic approaches: non-invasive assessment with MRI and MRSI-based molecular imaging strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402400.
Full textWork described in this thesis deals with the treatment of GL261 preclinical glioblastoma (GBM) growing in C57BL/6 mice, as well as with the non-invasive assessment of response to therapy using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. The GL261 GBM is an immunocompetent model induced by stereotactic injection of GL261 cells into the striatum of C57BL/6 WT mice. Three different therapeutic agents have been tested in this model: CX-4945®, a protein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor, and two oral alkylating agents commonly used in the clinic for GBM treatment, temozolomide (TMZ) and cyclophosphamide (CPA). CK2 has been described as a potential suitable target for cancer treatment because it contributes to tumour development, proliferation, and apoptosis suppression in cancer. In addition, elevated CK2 expression levels have been demonstrated in several cancer types. Nevertheless, CX-4945, which already reached phase I/II clinical trials, did not produce the expected beneficial effect described by others when applied to our GL261 GBM model. Moreover, the GL261 GBM treatment with 3 TMZ cycles had been already described by our group with significant survival improvement. Nevertheless, the combined therapy 3 cycle-TMZ+CX-4945, unexpectedly, reverted the beneficial effect of TMZ, which suggested an interference with the immune cycle related with cancer development and treatment. This lead us to consider the use of a metronomic schedule (administration of low and equally spaced doses of drugs without long rest periods in between) described with promising results in the literature. CPA, TMZ and CX-4945 were assessed in a 6-day schedule metronomic schedule at different doses. Among the different strategies evaluated, best results were obtained with the combined metronomic administration, every 6 days, of TMZ and CX-4945 drugs, showing significant improved survival. This also pointed to the probable paticipation of the host mice immune system in therapy response, although further histopathological studies will be needed to fully confirm this hypothesis. Additional interesting findings were: firstly, a clear peritumoral brain edema appearance during certain stages of chemotherapeutic treatment. Secondly, that the non-invasive method for therapy response assessment based in semi-supervised source analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) data, previously developed in our group with TMZ-treated mice, also proved useful for detecting CPA-induced response in our preclinical model. This would suggest that a common “metabolomics responding pattern” can be observed under different therapeutic strategies. And thirdly, the necropsy findings in mice cured from GL261 GBM after high TMZ cumulative dosage (480-1400 mg/Kg), which presented relevant lymphoma incidence, suggesting that strategies to decrease the administered dose should be investigated to avoid harmful effects in mice treated with alkylating agents.
Zacchi, Flávia Lucena. "Respostas moleculares e de enzimas de biotransformação em ostras Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) expostas a hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos e diferentes salinidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/179669.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T04:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 349736.pdf: 3657948 bytes, checksum: 502be3f29d73aeb8434a290ebf7d60a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Animais estuarinos, como a ostra nativa Crassostrea brasiliana, possuem mecanismos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de adaptação e tolerância às variações de salinidade constantes destes ambientes. Além destas variações, os estuários estão sob constante pressão das atividades antrópicas e recebem diariamente resíduos constituídos por misturas complexas de compostos químicos, tais como os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos fenantreno, pireno e fluoreno. A ostra nativa C. brasiliana possui viabilidade zootécnica e econômica para cultivo, além de mostrar-se potencial espécie biomonitora em programas de monitoramento ambiental em estuários. Com o objetivo de avaliar respostas moleculares e bioquímicas de C. brasiliana expostas a diferentes HPAs e salinidades, e contribuir com a busca de novos biomarcadores de contaminação por HPAs, neste trabalho foi avaliada, em um primeiro experimento, a influência de três salinidades (35, 25 e 10 ?) nos níveis transcricionais de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de biotransformação, ao metabolismo de aminoácidos e ácidos graxos e de genes que codificam para enzimas antioxidantes, em brânquias de C. brasiliana expostas ao fenantreno (100 ?g.L-1). Genes de biotransformação de fase I (CYP2AU1 e CYP2-like1) e fase II (GSTm-like e GSTO-like) foram afetados principalmente pela exposição ao fenantreno e salinidade, respectivamente. Os resultados de interação entre os fatores salinidade e fenantreno nos genes CYP2-like2 e SULT-like sugerem que, em baixas salinidades, as ostras são mais susceptíveis aos efeitos do fenantreno em nível transcricional. O efeito da salinidade sobre os genes relacionados ao sistema de defesa antioxidante (CAT-like e SOD-like) e metabolismo de aminoácidos (GAD-like, GLYT-like, ARG-like e TAUT-like) sugere um importante papel desses genes na codificação de proteínas que envolvem proteção contra danos oxidativos e adaptações celulares à salinidade. Em um segundo experimento, foram avaliadas as respostas moleculares e de enzimas de biotransformação em brânquias de C. brasiliana expostas a duas concentrações de pireno (50 e 100 ?g.L-1) e fluoreno (100 e 200 ?g.L-1). A exposição ao pireno induziu significativamente a transcrição dos genes e atividade de enzimas de biotransformação de fase I e II: CYP1-like; CYP2-like, CYP356A1-like; CYP2AU1; GSTO-like; GSTm-like; SULT-like; atividade GSTm e EROD, ressaltando a importância desse processo em C. brasiliana. Em resposta à exposição ao fluoreno, houve o aumento da transcrição apenas do gene CYP2AU1. A maior quantidade de respostas encontradas no pireno comparadas ao fluoreno, pode estar relacionada à maior lipofilicidade do pireno, tendendo à maior interação hidrofóbica com as camadas lipídicas da membrana celular e do retículo endoplasmático, facilitando sua entrada. Em suma, este estudo mostra o envolvimento de genes e enzimas relacionados com o sistema de biotransformação de fase I e II de HPAs em ostras C. brasiliana e evidencia os efeitos da salinidade sobre a transcrição de genes do sistema antioxidante e do metabolismo de aminoácidos. Além disso, contribui na busca de novos biomarcadores de contaminação aquática por HPAs e sugere o uso do gene CYP2AU1 como potencial biomarcador molecular em ostras C. brasiliana expostas a estes compostos.
Abstract : Estuarine animals, such as the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana, possess physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation to tolerate constant salinity changes. These ecosystems are under constant pressure due to anthropogenic activities and receive high input of xenobiotics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluorene. Oysters C. brasiliana show zootechnical and economical viability for aquaculture and are a potential biomonitoring species in environmental programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and molecular responses in C. brasiliana exposed to different PAHs and salinities in order to search for new potential biomarkers of PAH contamination. In the first study, the transcriptional changes in gills of oysters exposed to phenanthrene (100 ?g.L-1) kept at three salinities (35, 25 e 10 ?) were evaluated. Phase I (CYP2AU1 e CYP2-like1) and phase II (GSTm-like e GSTO-like) biotransformation genes in gill of oysters were affected mainly by phenanthrene exposure and salinity, respectively. The interaction effects of salinity and phenanthrene upon CYP2-like2 and SULT-like genes suggest that at low salinity oysters were more responsive to the phenanthrene effects at the transcriptional level. Antioxidant defense metabolism (CAT-like e SOD-like) and amino acid metabolism (GAD-like, GLYT-like, ARG-like e TAUT-like) -related genes were responsive to salinity, suggesting an important role of these genes in codifying proteins involved in oxidative damage protection and salinity cellular adaptation. In a second study, molecular and enzymatic biotransformation responses were evaluated in gills of oysters exposed to pyrene (50 e 100 ?g.L-1) and fluorene (100 e 200 ?g.L-1). Pyrene exposure strongly induced CYP1-like; CYP2-like, CYP356A1-like; CYP2AU1; GSTO-like; GSTm-like; SULT-like gene transcription and GSTm and EROD activity, highlighting the importance of phase I and II biotransformation processes in C. brasiliana. Oysters exposed to fluorene showed an increase only in CYP2AU1 transcript levels. The highest amount of responses found in pyrene compared to fluorene exposure may be associated to the pyrene higher lipophilicity. The greater hydrophobic interaction between pyrene and lipid layers of the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, facilitates its entry. Thereby, these studies show the involvement of genes and enzymes related to PAH phase I and II biotransformation system in C. brasiliana. In addition, they highlight the effects of salinity in the transcript levels of antioxidant and amino acid metabolism -related genes. They also contribute to the identification of new biomarkers of aquatic PAH contamination and suggests the use of CYP2AU1 gene as potential molecular biomarker in oysters, C. brasiliana, exposed to these compounds.
Abdelnur, Patricia Verardi. "A espectrometria de massas e as bio-moleculas = relação estrutura/reatividade de peptideos por reações ion/molecula e mobilidade de ions e busca de novos biomarcadores em clinica medica por imageamento quimio-seletivo de tecidos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248709.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:42:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abdelnur_PatriciaVerardi_D.pdf: 5557128 bytes, checksum: 61ed7f2c805466ffbfeb599d933481d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O objetivo principal deste projeto de doutorado foi o de estudar novas aplicações da espectrometria de massas (MS) para bio-moléculas com o emprego de novas técnicas e aborgadens recentes. Um dos objetivos foi estudar identificação seletiva e mais rapida de um AA em uma sequência peptídica. Estudou-se também as formas tridimensionais dos pepíideos e de seus íons fragmentos formados (a, b e y), utilizando ferramentas modernas de MS, como a IMMS e reações íon/molécula, uma vez que a estrutura tridimensional exata destes íons ainda não é totalmente elucidada. Uma técnica recente em espectrometria de massas, o imageamento químico por MALDI-MS, foi também empregado na busca de biomarcadores proteicos para câncer. Esta técnica apresenta perspectivas de aplicações em diversas áreas de grande importância como na área médica, uma vez que fornece uma imagem dos constituintes químicos de tecidos. Esta imagem pode detectar um câncer a partir de dados químicos e não apenas pela morfologia das células como é feito atualmente. Neste trabalho, analisou-se amostras de tecidos pancreáticos normais, tumorais e com pancreatite, e algumas proteinas foram identificadas e apresentaram-se potencial como biomarcadores para este tipo de câncer
Abstract: The aim of this doctoral project was to study new applications of mass spectrometry (MS) to bio-molecules by using new techniques and recent approaches room pressure, with the goal of obtaining a more rapid and selective identification of an AA in a peptide sequence. Three-dimensional forms of the peptides and their fragment ions formed (a, b and y), were also studied using modern tools of MS, as ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) and ion / molecule reactions. This study was important because the exact three-dimensional structure of these ions is not yet fully elucidated. A recent technique in mass spectrometry, the chemical imaging by MALDI-MS, was also employed in the search for protein biomarkers for cancer. This technique presents prospects for applications in several areas of great importance as in the medical field since it provides a picture of the chemical constituents of tissues. In this image, cancer can be detected cancer based on the chemical data and not only on the morphology of cells as is normally done today. In this study, we analyzed samples of normal pancreatic tissue, tumor and pancreatitis, and some proteins have been identified and presented themselves as potential biomarkers for this cancer
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Ciências
Santana, Manuela Santos. "Biomonitoramento ativo no Rio Iguaçu : aplicação de múltiplos biomarcadores para avaliação dos efeitos de fontes difusas de contaminação em Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/53039.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Defesa: Curitiba, 31/03/2016
Inclui referências : f. 49-59
Resumo: A contaminação de ambientes aquáticos torna
Salvarani, Mariana. "Biomarcadores moleculares relacionados à presença de acidente vascular encefálico e síndrome torácica aguda em anemia falciforme /." São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149929.
Full textBanca: Débora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
Banca: Flavio Augusto Naoum
Resumo: A Anemia Falciforme (AF) é caracterizada pela presença da hemoglobina S em homozigose (Hb SS). As pessoas com AF frequentemente apresentam manifestações clínicas relacionadas a processos de vaso-oclusão como o acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e síndrome torácica aguda (STA). A regulação da vasoconstrição e vasodilatação é um fator importante na modulação destas manifestações clínicas, sendo alvo de estudos. Neste trabalho, os polimorfismos nos genes de duas enzimas - enzima conversora de angiotensina 1 e 2 (ECA1 e ECA2) e o polimorfismo do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio tipo 1, relacionado com a fibrinólise, foram avaliados. O Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona atua na manutenção da pressão arterial e do volume sanguíneo por meio do equilíbrio hídrico e eletrolítico e regulação do tônus vascular. A ECA 1 é a principal enzima desse sistema, e cliva a Angiotensina I em Angiotensina II, um potente vasoconstritor. Uma enzima homóloga, a ECA 2, é capaz de clivar a Angiotensina II em Angiotensina 1-7, uma vasodilatadora. Os polimorfismos I/D no gene ECA1 (rs1799752) e A/G (rs2106809) no gene ECA2 foram estudados neste trabalho. Além disso, a regulação fibrinolítica também está relacionada às manifestações clínicas na AF. O inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio tipo 1 (PAI-1) é um regulador da fibrinólise, inibindo os ativadores do plasminogênio e a formação de plasmina, responsável pela degradação do coágulo. O polimorfismo mais estudado no gene PAI1, de inserção de...
Abstract: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S in homozygous (Hb SS). People with AF frequently presents clinical manifestations related to vasoocclusion processes such as stroke and acute chest syndrome (ACS). The regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation is an important factor in the modulation of these complications, being the object of many studies. In this work, the polymorphisms in the genes of two enzymes - angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 and 2 (ACE1 and ACE2) - and fibrinolysis-related plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 polymorphism were evaluated. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System acts in the maintenance of blood pressure and blood volume through fluid and electrolyte balance and vasodilation and vasoconstriction. ACE 1 is the main enzyme in this system, and cleaves Angiotensin I in Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. A homologous enzyme, ACE 2, is capable of cleaving Angiotensin II in Angiotensin I-7, a vasodilator. The I/D polymorphisms in the ACE1 gene (rs1799752) and A/G (rs2106809) in the ACE2 gene are studied in this paper. In addition, fibrinolytic regulation is also related to clinical complications in SCD. The plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a regulator of fibrinolysis, inhibiting plasminogen activators and the formation of plasmin, responsible for clot degradation. The most studied polymorphism in the PAI1 gene, of insertion of a guanine (4G/5G) in the promoter region of the gene, increases the enzyme activity and decreases the fibrinolytic action. To verify if these polymorphisms are related to the presence of the clinical manifestations, stroke and ACS, we genotyped 392 people with SCA. The samples were characterized according to their hemoglobin profile, subjected to DNA extraction, and used for the detection of polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of the polymorphisms were analyzed ...
Mestre
Frazão, Leonardo Revoredo. "Avaliação de biomarcadores moleculares e histológicos em esponja Hymeniacidon heliophila para aplicações ambientais / Leonardo Revoredo Frazão." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3432.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T16:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-LeonardoFrazão.pdf: 2516279 bytes, checksum: 48923c148348e036ced167489ad1b5d2 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica Ambiental. Niterói, RJ
O potencial de bioacumulação de metais; capacidade de expressar biomarcadores moleculares (como a indução de proteínas semelhantes a metalotioneínas, MTLPs); e biomarcadores histológicos (quantidade de canais aquíferos, câmaras coanocitárias e fibras de colágeno) foram estudados na esponja Hymeniacidon heliophila. Em aquário, foi realizada exposição da esponja a diferentes concentrações de cádmio (controle; 0,05; 0,4 e 4 mg L-1 de Cd) ao longo de determinados períodos de tempo (tempo zero, 24 horas, 7 dias e 14 dias). Também foi avaliada a ocorrência de MTLPs e as concentrações de metais potencialmente indutores da síntese dessas proteínas (Cd, Ni, Cu e Zn) em H. heliophila proveniente diretamente da praia da Boa Viagem, situada na Baía de Guanabara (RJ). No experimento em aquário, a esponja acumulou uma concentração máxima de 114 mg Cd Kg-1, após 14 dias de exposição a 4 mg L-1 deste metal. Este valor corresponde a 14 vezes o encontrado em esponjas do aquário controle. Por meio da técnica de eletroforese (SDS-Page) aliada a derivatização com monobromobimano, foi possível observar forte indução de MTLPs apenas nas amostras expostas a 0,4 mg L-1 de Cd nos períodos de 24 horas e 7 dias. As técnicas de histologia utilizadas para evidenciar os efeitos morfológicos causados pela exposição ao Cd revelaram que em 24 horas houve diminuição na quantidade das estruturas analisadas. A partir desse período, nas esponjas submetidas a 4 mg L-1 de Cd, houve tendência de diminuição (exceto para fibras colágenas) das estruturas, enquanto em 0,4 mg L-1 de Cd houve tendência de estabilização e, em 0,05 mg L-1 de Cd, recuperação. No estudo na praia da Boa Viagem, em nenhuma das cinco coletas realizadas, foi constatada indução de MTLPs. As médias das concentrações de metais encontradas no tecido das esponjas foram: 0,28 mg Cd kg-1, 46,3 mg Cu kg-1, 2 mg Ni kg-1 e 965 mg Zn kg-1. Estes valores são elevados quando comparados às concentrações reportadas para outros organismos da Baía de Guanabara. Assim, a alta eficiência em acumular metais (observada na praia da Boa Viagem) e a capacidade de induzir MTLPs e respostas histológicas (frente à exposição ao Cd), indicam possibilidades para utilização de H. heliophila em futuros programas de biomonitoramento.
The metal bioaccumulation potential, the expression of molecular biomarkers (induction of metallothionein-like proteins, MTLPs) and histological biomarkers (number of channels, choanocyte chambers and collagen fibers) were studied in the sponge Hymeniacidon heliophila. Exposure experiments to different concentrations of cadmium (<0.01, 0,05, 0,4 and 4 mg L-1 Cd) along different time intervals (t = 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days) were performed under controlled (aquarium) conditions. The occurrence of MTLPs and metal concentrations potentially involved in inducing the synthesis of these proteins (Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) were also investigated in H. heliophila directly sampled from the Boa Viagem beach, located in Guanabara Bay (RJ). In the aquarium experiment, the sponge accumulated a maximum concentration of 114 mg Cd kg-1 after 14 days of exposure to 4 mg L-1 of this metal. This corresponds to 14 times the concentration found in sponges found in a control aquarium. Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with monobromobimano derivatization indicated a strong induction MTLPs only in samples exposed to 0,4 mg L-1 Cd in periods of 24 hours and 7 days. The histological techniques used to reveal the morphological effects caused by exposure to Cd revealed that within 24 hours there was a decrease in the quantity of the analyzed structures. In the study carried out in Boa Viagem beach, there was absence of MTLPs induction along the five sampling periods evaluated. The mean concentrations of metals found in the tissue of the sampled sponges were: 0,28 mg kg-1 Cd, 46,3 mg kg-1 Cu, Ni 2 mg kg-1 and 965 mg kg-1 Zn. These values are higher than concentrations reported for other organisms from Guanabara Bay. Thus, the high efficiency in accumulating metals (found in the Boa Viagem beach) and the ability to induce MTLPs and histological responses (under high Cd exposure) indicate possible uses of H. heliophila in future biomonitoring programs
Barros, Catarina João Gil de. "Piroplasmose equina : diagnóstico molecular e avaliação de alterações hematológicas e de biomarcadores inflamatórios em cavalos com doença clínica e subclínica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16331.
Full textAtualmente, o PCR quantitativo (qPCR) constitui o teste de eleição para diagnóstico de infeções por Theileria equi e Babesia caballi. O papel dos marcadores da inflamação na piroplasmose equina (PE) permanece pouco estudado, não só no diagnóstico e monitorização mas também enquanto potenciais indicadores preditivos da doença. Tendo em conta a natureza intracelular obrigatória dos agentes da PE, colocou-se a seguinte hipótese: a resposta inflamatória na PE difere da de outras doenças associadas a inflamação. Além disso, procurou responder-se às seguintes questões: 1) Qual a utilidade do hemograma e marcadores de inflamação aguda no diagnóstico precoce da PE? 2) Quais as vantagens da utilização do qPCR no diagnóstico da PE? Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) Caracterizar e quantificar alterações do hemograma, proteínas totais, amilóide sérica A (SAA), fibrinogénio e ferro plasmáticos na PE; 2) Comparar os resultados obtidos entre cavalos com doença clínica (grupo PC) e subclínica (grupo SC); 3) Avaliar o valor diagnóstico destes testes para a PE clínica e outras causas de febre de origem inespecífica (grupo NS); 4) Determinar a carga parasitária em amostras positivas e comparar a sensibilidade da microscopia ótica, considerando os resultados obtidos por diagnóstico molecular. Cada amostra foi submetida a qPCR para deteção de T. equi e B. caballi, análise hematológica, doseamento de proteínas totais, SAA, fibrinogénio e ferro plasmáticos. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) no valor absoluto de monócitos entre os grupos PC-NS e PC-SC, na SAA entre os grupos PC-SC e no ferro plasmático entre os grupos PC-NS e PC-SC. 75% dos cavalos do grupo SC apresentaram neutrofilia sem desvio à esquerda. Apenas foram observadas formas de T. equi em esfregaços sanguíneos de cavalos com parasitémia igual ou superior a 7,2x10 2 parasitas/μL. Este estudo evidenciou não só as vantagens do qPCR no diagnóstico da PE, mas também que esta doença se caracteriza por uma resposta inflamatória associada a alterações do hemograma e de marcadores inflamatórios, em que o valor absoluto de monócitos, SAA e ferro plasmático constituíram os biomarcadores mais sensíveis para a deteção da doença.
ABSTRACT - EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS CHANGES IN HORSES WITH CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL DISEASE - Currently, real-time PCR (qPCR) is considered the best technique to diagnose Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections. Furthermore, the role of inflammatory biomarkers in equine piroplasmosis (EP) is still not clear, not only for diagnostic and monitoring purposes but also for its use as disease predictive indicators. Considering the obligate intracellular nature of EP agents, the following hypothesis was set: the inflammatory response in EP differs from other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the following questions were asked: 1) What is the usefulness of hemogram and acute inflammation markers in the early detection of EP?; 2) What are the advantages of using qPCR to diagnose EP? The main goals of this study were: 1) To define and quantify changes in hemogram, total proteins, serum amyloid A (SAA), plasma fibrinogen and plasma iron in horses with EP; 2) To compare the obtained results between horses with clinical (PC group) and subclinical disease (SC group); 3) To evaluate the diagnostic value of hemogram and inflammation markers for EP and other causes of unknown origin fever (NS group); 4) To calculate the parasitemia in EP positive horses and compare the sensitivity of optic microscopy, considering the molecular diagnosis results. Each sample was subjected to a qPCR for T. equi and B. caballi detection, hematological analysis and determination of total proteins, SAA, plasma fibrinogen and plasma iron. There were significant differences (p < 0,05) in monocytes absolute value between PC-NS and PC-SC groups, in SAA between PC-SC groups and in plasma iron between PC-NS and PC-SC groups. A total of 75% SC group horses showed neutrophilia without left shift. T. equi was only found in blood smears that had a parasitemia equal or higher than 7,2x10 2 parasites/μL. This study highlights the usefulness of qPCR in EP diagnosis and that this disease is characterized by an inflammatory response associated with hemograma and inflammatory markers changes, in which monocytes absolute value, SAA and plasmatic iron demonstrate higher sensitivity in the detection of EP.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Herrera, Giménez Javier. "Oligoelementos tóxicos y esenciales y biomarcadores en sangre de gestantes a término : impacto en la rotura prematura de membranas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/346061.
Full textPregnancy is a period of increased metabolic demands, mainly due to changes in the physiology of women and fetal growth requirements. During this period, deficiency of trace elements has detrimental effects on the health of both women and fetal development. There is a growing concern about the threats posed by heavy metals in utero exposure on pregnancy outcome and / or adverse effects of fetal development at lower levels to international guidelines. The fetus is more sensitive to the toxicity of heavy metals because they lack the mechanisms necessary repair. The purpose of this research was to examine the concentrations of trace elements and laboratory parameters in blood of pregnant women at term and explore possible markers that could act as risk factors that predict allow premature rupture of membranes (PROM) during pregnancy. To carry out this research a prospective case-control design was applied. The cases were formed by pregnant women who suffered PROM, while controls were formed by the pregnant women who did not suffer PROM. In our study 101 women were selected, pregnant to term, randomly chosen in the Delivery Room Unit University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca obtaining clinical and sociodemographic data of pregnant women and newborn, blood laboratory tests and analysis of 23 trace elements in blood using Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study objectives were: 1. to examine the inflammatory profile and concentrations of trace elements in the blood of pregnant women at term, 2. To investigate the possible relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables of the mother and newborn with the concentrations of trace elements, 3. A third goal consisted of examining (inflammatory and trace elements) variables that could be used as markers to predict risk in pregnant PROM, 4. Propose a predictive model capable of identifying predictors of PROM in pregnant women at term, considering the inflammatory profile and trace elements analyzed. The most important conclusions of the study were: 1. The term pregnant women had concentrations of barium, chromium, tin, strontium and titanium that are above the baseline. Contrarily concentrations were below the reference values of bromine, iron, manganese, lead, and selenium, 2. In comparison with multiparous pregnant, nulliparous had higher concentrations of boron and calcium and lower concentrations of strontium and manganese. The age of the mother was positively correlated with the concentrations of strontium and a negative correlation with chromium. A positive correlation between the concentrations of strontium in maternal blood and neonatal weight was observed. The neonatal Apgar test at 5 minutes a negative correlation for sodium concentrations was observed, 3. The group of patients with PROM obtained in the hematimetria higher levels of Prothrombin activity and lower levels in the platelet count, Prothrombin time, the ratio of Prothrombin time and INR rate. As for PROM group trace elements has a lower concentration of barium in blood. A positive correlation was observed in the group of PROM, between aluminum and time to expulsion, 4. The variables which best discriminated between pregnant women who have suffered PROM are maternal blood concentrations of barium, platelets and Prothrombin time ratio. It would require adequate control deficiencies of certain essential trace elements and exposure to toxic metals in pregnant patients because these variations in maternal blood could be factors associated with gestational diseases such as premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery, which are the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Anzai, Evelyn kuroki. "Caracterização e desenvolvimento de sistemas de referências alélicas de loci de STR para controle de qualidade em identificação humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-19052017-121409/.
Full textReproducibility, sensibility and quality control are essentials in DNA human identification, requiring a stabile ambient temperature reference that monitors all procedures of samples manipulation. This study propose allelic reference construction, that will be useful as externai positive control for 13 CODIS STRs - CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, e D21S11. The nucleic acid was extracted from saliva or blood samples and enabling PCR-based typing and fragment analysis. Differents alleles founded were cloned into pGEM-T easy vector plasmids. The clones were analyzed using two commercial systems. The STRs D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D5S818, D13S317 and VWA were amplified by PowerPlex®16, and D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, D5S8181, D8S1179, TH01 and TPOX by AmpFLSTR®IdentifilerTM. The allelic reference with recombinants plasmids was constructed and. duly characterized, and the positive control potential application was demonstrated.
Nunes, Paulo Sergio Gonçalves. "Desenvolvimento de método de preparação de biomarcadores moleculares relacionados a N-acetilglicosaminas para estudos de sinalização celular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-21052014-153215/.
Full textCarbohydrates are involved in many cellular events, such as energy source, sustenance, recognition, signaling processes, etc. O- GlcNAcylation is a post- translational proteins\' alteration related to the addition of N-acetylglucosamine to residues of serine or threonine in cytoplasmic or nuclear protein which has proven to be one of the reciprocal changes to Ophosphorylation of proteins and may be involved in the onset of pathologies such as cancer, type II diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the relevance of O- GlcNAcylation and the importance of tools required for the study of this event, we aim to develop a synthetic route to obtain modified molecules derived from N-acetylglucosamine containing fluorine atom attached to the N -acetyl group. The molecules correspond to methyl glucopyranoside derivatives 1 and gluco-amino acids derived from serine 2 and threonine 3. Once the synthetic route is established, the final intermediates of the route will be used for further labeling with 18F, which may be employed in studies of cell signaling processes, involving OGlcNAcylation, and cancer diagnosis by PET. Thus, two synthetic routes were initially proposed: one for the preparation of the methyl glucopyranoside derivative 1 and another one for the gluco-amino acids 2 and 3, both using glucosamine hydrochloride (4) as a precursor. The synthesis of derivative 1 was conducted by protecting the amine group of compound 4 to form the carbamate 5, and sequential Fischer glycosylation (6, 7), per-O-acetylation (8) and removal of the protecting group from the amine (9). The sequential steps related to condensation with bromoacetic acid (10), halogenation and deprotection of the carbohydrate 11 are in progress. The proposed synthetic route for the preparation of 2 and 3 was based on a glycosidic donor containing trichloroacetimidate group, the protection of the hydroxyl groups with benzyl group (16) and glycoside acceptors serine 17 and threonine 18 containing amine and carboxyl groups protected with 9- fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and benzyl (Bn), respectively. Hitherto, the synthesis of gluco-amino acids 2 and 3 was not achieved using the glycosidic donor initially proposed (trichloroacetimidate), even after the change of the glycosidic donor using per-O-benzylated (28) or per-O-acetylated (26) thiosugars. The difficulties encountered for the synthesis of the target compounds led the design of new synthetic strategies which comprise a chlorine atom as leaving group in the anomeric position and either: a) an amide acetic acid (33) at C-2, which exerts anchimeric assistance at C-1, and allows functionalization with fluorine and b) an azide group at C- 2, prepared from per-O-acetylated glucal, with no participation at C-1. Both synthetic routes are in progress.
Borges, Cristine D\'Almeida. "Identificação de sítios periodontais em progressão e marcadores moleculares da atividade da doença." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58132/tde-11062014-161219/.
Full textPeriodontal disease is a chronic microbial infection characterized by inflammation of supportive tissues and alveolar bone loss. Because of the increasing prevalence of the disease, diagnostic modalities for the early identification of periodontitis initiation and progression are being studied. Cytokines associated to host defense has been identified in saliva, gingival crevicular fluids and gingival tissues of periodontal patients. In this study, we aimed to monitor periodontal disease activity and investigate clinical and molecular features of active sites through saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue samples. Fifty-seven subjects were enrolled for this study, 18 with chronic periodontitis (PD group) and 9 subjects that were periodontal and systemically healthy (control group). The patients underwent clinical examination and collection of saliva before and two months after the non-surgical periodontal therapy; collection of gingival crevicular fluid at baseline, 15 days and 2 months after therapy; and collection of gingival tissue samples at baseline. For collection of gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue samples, sites were classified as: inflamed (probing depth ≥ 5 mm and bleeding on probe); non-inflamed (probing depth ≤ 3 mm without bleeding on probe); and control sites (probing depth ≤ 3 mm without bleeding on probe from control group). Inflamed and non-inflamed sites belongs to the same patient PD group. Samples of whole saliva were collected for assessment of the levels of MMP-8, VEGF, IL-10, RANKL, OPG and TGF-β1 using the multiplex cytokine profiling assay. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected for assessment of the levels of MMP-8, VEGF and IL-10 using the multiplex cytokine profiling assay, except for MMP-8 (ELISA assay). Inflamed and non-inflamed lesion in each patient underwent biopsy for the Real Time PCR gene expression analysis for MMP-8, VEGF, IL-10, RANKL, OPG and TGF-β1. At baseline, higher expression of mRNA for RANK-L, OPG, IL-10 e TGF-β1 were found in inflamed sites (p < 0.05) and higher total amount of IL-10 (0,29 pg/sample) compared to non-inflamed (0,21 pg/sample) and control sites (0.21 pg/sample) (p < 0.05). 15 days after therapy, total amount of VEGF were higher in inflamed sites (11.43 pg/sample), compared to non-inflamed sites (7.38 pg/sample) (p=0.009). PD group showed higher total amount (pg) of RANKL (p=0.03) and OPG (p=0.0002) after periodontal therapy. Thus, we concluded that disease activity seems to be an event of relative low probability of occurrence, however, a small percentage of sites keeps showing progressive attachment loss even after basic periodontal therapy. The specific biomarkers used in this study may be helpful to detect inflammation but not to discriminate progressive active sites.
Saurí, Nadal Tamara. "Caracterización molecular de los tumores de vías biliares avanzados e identificación de biomarcadores potenciales predictivos de respuesta a nuevas dianas terapéuticas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667280.
Full textBackground: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has a poor prognosis and treatment with systemic chemotherapy provides a modest benefit. In the present Doctoral Thesis, it is proposed whether genomic comprehensive profiling (GCP) of the BTC would reveal clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGA), which may be different depending on the tumor location in the biliary tree. We also examined the benefits provided by patient’s participation in a clinical trial (CT) with or without targeted therapy. Methods: Tumor samples embedded in paraffin blocks from 154 patients were analyzed; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 101 cases, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 28, and gallbladder 25. The complete genomic analysis of mutations, amplifications, and fusions was performed using the Sequenom, Amplicon-MiSeq, immunohistochemistry, Nanostring or FoundationONE technique. CRGA were analyzed in the different tumor samples. Likewise, we assessed the benefit of participation in CT of patients with BTC by survival from the date of progression to the first-line of treatment (OS1ºT) until death or the last follow-up and with clinical benefit defined as partial responses or stabilizations more than 4 months. Results: The characteristics of the patients were similar in the three tumor types. We observed different CRGA according to the site of tumor. CRGA in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were characterized by FGFR fusions, IDH1/2 mutations, ARID1A mutations, and MET amplification. CRGA in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder presented amplifications in ERBB2. Also, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was further characterized by a high frequency KRAS mutation. Clinical benefit was observed with TM (n = 19), one partial response and eight stabilizations. OS1ºT was 6,17 months in patients who did not participate in a CT and 14.1 months in the group of patients who did participate in a CT. The difference was statistically significant, P = 0,003. However, SP1ºT was 12,8 months in patients who participated in a CT with TM and 14,1 months in the group of patients who participated in a CT without TM. No statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0,7). Conclusions: A high frequency of CRGA in different types of BTC was detected by GCP. Some of these molecular alterations may be potential therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs in CT. In our series, patients with a BTC who participated in a CT presented a higher OS1ºT compared to those who did not participate in a CT. Although there was no statistically significant increase in OS1ºT according to the participation in a CT with TM, clinical benefits were observed.
Rieder, Marcelo de Mello. "Trauma raquimedular : aspectos epidemiológicos, de recuperação funcional e de biologia molecular." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97212.
Full textIntroduction: The Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a sudden and unexpected catastrophic event that brings drastic consequences in the areas of health and welfare of an individual. Studies assessing the causes and functional recovery of TRM in our environment are lacking in literature. No studies using the employment of serum biomarkers as predictors of functional recovery. The objectives of this study are to describe the Causes of Spinal Injuries of a specialized trauma hospital in the city of Porto Alegre and compare with other centers in Brazil. We assessed the rates of mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay of these patients and evaluated the functionality through the use of the FIM at discharge and 6 months. We also evaluated levels of serum biomarkers : Neuron Specific Enolase , Interleukin -6 -Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Glial Cells from patients with Spinal Cord Trauma Isolated and the behavior of these biomarkers in the first 48 hours and compared with the control group correlating the clinical findings and prognosis in patients with SCI . Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted in patients with severe TSCI with different etiologies. All survivals patients of isolated acute TCSI who were attended in our center from 2010 to 2013 were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups if TSCI, those with lesions provoked by firearms was provoked by firearm or other causes. During hospitalization all patients were submitted to intensive rehabilitation and followed in a rehabilitation program after discharge. They were evaluated with ASIA and FIM at the time of the hospital discharge and six mounts latter. Sorological biomarkers were evaluated in the first 48 hours. Results: The cohort was composed by 81 patients, mean age (±S.D.) of 32.6 (±12.2) years, being 76 (93.8%) males. Patients with TSCI caused by firearms showed lower degree of impairment than other patients in ASIA motor superior, because a larger number of patients in the group of firearm lesions showed lumbar woods. However, in the other scales we did not observed this difference. After six months, patients showed significant improvement in ASIA and FIM scales. The degree of improvement was similar between patients with TSCI caused by firearms or others. There was an increase of biomarkers IL-6, NSE and GDNF. Conclusions: TSCI provoked by firearms are an important cause of spinal lesion and neurological deficits in Brazil. Functional recovery in severe TSCI provoked by firearms is limited but similar than severe TSCI provoked by falls or automobilist accidents.
Iranzo, González-Cruz Vega. "Análisis molecular y de marcadores pronóstico en sangre periférica en pacientes con cáncer no microcítico de pulmón en estadio localmente avanzado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31519.
Full textIranzo González-Cruz, V. (2013). Análisis molecular y de marcadores pronóstico en sangre periférica en pacientes con cáncer no microcítico de pulmón en estadio localmente avanzado [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31519
TESIS
Motta, Adriana Costa da. "Patologia molecular dos tumores mamário caninos : expressão de marcadores prognósticos e mioepiteliais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15231.
Full textPrognostic markers in mastology have been used as diagnostic support, to predict the behavior of mammary neoplasias (prognosis) and to determine their possible response to treatment before or after surgery. Studies have been conducted on the prognosis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs), which show similarities to and differences from human breast tumors. In addition, these tumors often show proliferation of myoepithelial cells, which may undergo metaplasia, accompanied by molecular alterations. The aim of the present study was to check the immunohistochemical expression and the association between different markers used as prognostic factors in human breast tumors (ER, RP, c-erbB-2 and Ki-67) and myoepithelial markers (p63, CK5 and vimentin) in MGTs. The first article analyzes the expression of these markers in 35 tumors in 11 female dogs, where multiple tumors were identified in the mammary glands. Each histological type analyzed in the female dogs with multiple tumors expressed prognostic and myoepithelial markers that were peculiar to their histogenesis, but the association of this expression was observed only in some cell types of MGTs. Tumors with a carcinomatous epithelial component did not have significant differences, but tumors with complex and mixed components showed association between the expressions of p63, CK5 and vimentin. Of the group of investigated markers, p63 and CK5 proved to be promising tools in elucidating the transformation of myoepithelial cells concomitantly to tumor invasion and in terms of vimentin expression, which was quite pronounced in this transformation from proliferating myoepithelial cells into cells that participate in the mesenchyma of the invasive neoplasia in canine mammary glands, at least with regard to the aspects of molecular and morphological expression. The second article analyzes myoepithelial markers in 82 cases of malignant MGTs. This study corroborated the frequency and association of the expression of these markers in certain histological tumor and cell types, allowing for the identification of myoepithelial cells in transformation in most malignant MGTs, chiefly those with a metaplastic mesenchymal component. Further studies are necessary in order to assess the importance of expression found in the biological behavior of these tumors.
Almeida, Serguey Malaquias de. "MicroRNAs circulantes como preditores do resultado cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial com esclerose hipocampal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-28072016-091716/.
Full textA high prevalence, drug resistance and good surgical prognosis are some of the clinical characteristics that cause mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) to be one of the most important forms of epilepsy. This condition is the model of surgically curable epilepsy, although unfortunately about 10% of the patients exhibit an unsatisfactory surgical outcome. MTLE-HS is associated with extensive changes in the expression profile of hippocampal microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been recently observed that stable miRNAs exist in peripheral blood and in other body fluids which have been proved to be applicable as biomarkers from diagnosis to therapeutic response. On this basis, the present investigation was based on the following question: is it possible to identify molecular signatures by peripheral blood miRNAS that predict the outcome of surgical treatment of MTLE-HS? Molecular biology techniques were used to evaluate blood and hippocampal samples of patients submitted to anterior temporal lobectomy as a consequence of drug-resistant MTLE-HS. The samples were representative of patients with a favorable (Engel IA) and unfavorable (Engel III and IV) surgical outcome. The microarray technique was used to obtain the expression profile of miRNAs in the samples, with a set of six miRNAs being reached as candidate biomarkers for surgical prognosis: miR-92b-3p, miR-1238- 3p, miR-1181, miR-636, miR-1229-3p, and miR-486-5p. Next, real-time PCR was used to quantitate the expression of these six miRNAs and, based on the optimization of a cut-off point on the expression scale, each circulating miRNA was evaluated as surgical outcome predictor. We observed blood hyperexpression of the six miRNAs with no significant difference between the Engel IA and Engel IIIIV groups, hippocampal hyperexpression of miR-486-5p in the Engel IA group, and hippocampal hypoexpression of miR-636 in the Engel IA and Engel III-IV groups. Analysis of circulating miRNAs as predictors of surgical success revealed that miR-1238-3p exhibited 40.00% sensitivity, 92.86% specificity and 65.52% accuracy. The miR-1238/miR1181 set showed 46.67% sensitivity, 85.71% specificity and 65.52% accuracy. The only circulating miRNA evaluated as a predictor of surgical failure, miR-636, showed 21.43% sensitiviy, 93.33% specificity, and 58.62% accuracy
Boronat, García Miguel. "Biomarcadores plasmáticos y urinarios en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. NT-proBNP y la influencia de la disfunción renal en su aclaramiento y valor pronóstico." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129391.
Full textOBJECTIVES 1. Evaluate how glomerular renal function, as measured by eGFR, influences on urinary NT-proBNP concentration. 2. To evaluate the relationship between specific glomerular and tubular renal function biomarkers and NT-proBNP concentrations, to help identify the mechanism of renal elimination. 3. To evaluate the prognostic value of urinary NT-proBNP levels compared with plasmatic NT-proBNP levels in patients with AHF. METHODS We prospectively included 138 consecutive patients, diagnosed of ICA in Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Blood and urine samples were simultaneously collected on admission. Laboratory parameters were measured in serum: glucose, creatinine, urea, albumin, sodium, uric acid, CRP, troponin T, cystatin C, and NT-proBNP BTP; and in urine: alpha-1 microglobulin, albumin (MAU) and NT-proBNP. RESULTS 1. Plasma and urinary NT-proBNP was higher in patients with a lower eGFR (p <0.001). Plasma NT-proBNP concentration correlated positively with urinary NT-proBNP (r = 0.61, p <0.001) Correlations eGFR - NT-proBNP were also significant although less robust (r = -0.44, NT-proBNP r = -0.37, NT-proBNP, p <0.001 for both). After multivariable adjustment, eFGR was only an independent predictor of plasma NT-proBNP concentrations. Plasma NT-proBNP was the main independent predictor of urinary NT-proBNP concentration. 2. Urinary Alpha-1 microglobulin levels (β = 0.50, p <0.001) and plasma NT-proBNP (β = 0.29, p <0.001) were the main independent predictor of urinary NT-proBNP concentration while creatinine, MDRD, cystatin C, BTP and MAU concentrations were not accepted as statistically significant. 3. Patients with clinical events had a higher plasma NT-proBNP concentration (4.561 pg / ml [2191-8631] vs 2,906 pg / ml [1643-5823], p = 0.03) but urinary NT-proBNP concentration was similar (78 pg / ml [42-294] vs 71 pg / ml [41-189], p = 0.62) compared with those patients who did not experience clinical events. In Cox regression univariate and multivariate analysis, the plasma NT-proBNP concentration above the median (3345 pg / ml) was associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events (HR = 2.35, 95% , 1.41 to 3.93, P = 0.001). However, the urinary NT-proBNP concentration above the median (73 pg / ml) did not reach statistical significance as a predictor of prognosis of events in the univariate analysis (HR = 1.2, 95%, 0, 79 to 1.96, P = 0.46) CONCLUSIONS 1. Glomerular kidney disfunction is associated with increased plasma and urinary NT-proBNP concentration. However, glomerular filtration rate is not an independent predictor of urinary NT-proBNP. 2a. Plasma NT-proBNP was the main predictor of urinary NT-proBNP concentration. This may be due to increased cardiac production of NT-proBNP as a result of increased cardiovascular stress of patients with concomitant cardiac and renal involvement. 2b. Because alpha-1 microglobulin (renal tubular function parameter) was an independent predictor of urinary NT-proBNP unlike renal glomerular filtration biomarkers, we suggest that the presence of renal tubular dysfunction could be involved in increased urinary NT-proBNP levels observed in patients with renal disfunction. Thus, a decrease in NT-proBNP reabsorption at the proximal tubule would favor an increase urinary NT-proBNP levels. 3. We consider that urinary NT-proBNP should not be used for prognostic purposes in patients with AHF because plasma NT-proBNP levels was independently associated with prognosis of patients with AHF but, instead, urinary NT-proBNP levels have no association with the occurrence of events during follow-up in these patients.
Nadal, Rios Rosa. "Caracterización molecular de células tumorales circulantes en sangre periférica de pacientes con cáncer de mama." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285482.
Full textIncreasing evidence suggests that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood are associated with reduced progression-free survival and overall survival in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Whereas the detection of CTCs before the start of a new treatment has been associated with poor prognosis, the enumeration of CTCs shortly after the initiation of therapy provides additional information regarding clinical outcomes. Current therapy decision-making is based on the analysis of the primary tumor, although restaging of metastatic lesions that occur many years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor has started to become more acceptable. However, biopsies of metastatic lesions are invasive procedures and, therefore, the analysis of CTCs as representatives of metastatic lesions (liquid biopsy) might be a good alternative that also allows for an assessment of resistance to therapy in real-time. In the case of non-metastatic disease, the assessment of CTCs would allow the study of the minimal residual disease which is the target of systemic treatments. Mutations in therapeutic targets or proteins downstream of the target can affect the efficacy of drugs against these targets. For example, alterations in the HER2 oncogene, which is amplified in approximately 20% of primary breast cancers and has become a key target for therapies with antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Another important biological target in breast cancer is the estrogen receptor (ER). Interestingly, only 1% of tumor cells need express ER to be considered ER+. Thus, it is conceivable that ER+ tumors shed ER− CTCs, which are the source of ER− metastases that may arise after years of ER-targeting therapies. The aim of the first part of this thesis was to analyze a set of 5 markers in CTCs of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. These markers included expression of ER, progesterone receptor and EGFR and amplification of HER2 and Topoisomerase 2α (TOP2A). We collected 30 ml of blood at baseline and after a systemic chemotherapy. Heterogeneity was found in the expression of these markers in samples from the same patients. In addition, discordances between the status of these markers in CTCs and corresponding primary tumors were found. Less than 35% of the patients switched their CTC status after receiving chemotherapy. Interestingly, EGFR+ CTCs were significantly associated with Luminal tumors- characterized by ER and/or PR positive expression and HER2-negative. Our study suggests that CTC biomarkers profiles might be useful as a surrogate marker for therapeutic selection and monitoring since heterogeneity of the biomarker distribution in CTCs and the lack of correlation with the primary tumor biomarker status were found. The second aim of this Thesis was to characterize CD133 expression in CTCs in the same patient population. CD133 positive CTCs were identified in 65% of patients at baseline and 47.8% after systemic therapy. Those patients HER2 wild type and with low KI67 index were positively correlated with presence of CD133 positive CTCs. Before any treatment, CD133 positive CTCs were more frequently isolated in patients with luminal BC subtype. No statistically significant differences were found between proportion of CD133 positive CTCs and breast cancer subtypes after systemic therapy, implying a relative enrichment of CD133 positive CTCs in triple negative and HER2-amplified tumors. While CTCs decreases after chemotherapy when analyzing the whole population, CD133 positive CTCs were enriched in post-treatment samples in nonluminal BC subtypes. These findings suggest the potential roleof CD133 as a promising marker of chemoresistance in nonluminal BC patients.